Building Knowledge From Organizational Experience: Approaches and Lessons Learned From US Army Base Camp Workshops
Building Knowledge From Organizational Experience: Approaches and Lessons Learned From US Army Base Camp Workshops
Building Knowledge From Organizational Experience: Approaches and Lessons Learned From US Army Base Camp Workshops
Knowledge
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Exhibit 1. Technology advances have led to data overload (FMI 6-01.1, 2006)
Exhibit 2. Spectrum of knowledge management activities as a function of the type of knowledge exchanged and the degree of human interaction
involved (BCKS, 2006)
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Exhibit 3. A Simple, UML-Based Use Case Diagram (Arlow and Neustadt, 2003) that Shows the Various Stakeholder Functions Within an Actual KM
System Design
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Quantitative
ID Existing Knowledge
Improve Documentation of Existing Knowledge
Change (parts of ) Organizational Culture
Improve Communication and Cooperation
Improve training, education, and networking of newly recruited
employees
6. Improve training and education for all employees
7. Improve retention of knowledge
8. Improve access to existing sources of knowledge
9. Improve distribution of knowledge
10. Improve management of innovations
Qualitative
data shows that peak usage was in July, 2006 after the system
was introduced and advertised by the US Army Engineer School
leadership. The rate of growth in usage has declined over time
since introduction; however it continues to grow. The quality
of the knowledge created and shared has not yet been formally
assessed at the writing of this article.
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Exhibit 5. Initial Assessment Data for the ArmyBaseCamp/JFOB.net Knowledge Management System
Month
Knowledge Created
Discussions Created
Membership Created
May-06
242
60
Jun-06
78
55
2949
774
Jul-06
98
11
162
4950
2609
Aug-06
114
17
201
6572
3247
Sep-06
153
21
220
7763
3594
Oct-06
181
23
236
8569
3999
Nov-06
181
24
242
8803
4055
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References
Al Banna, Sami, Knowledge Management and Strategies
for Development in a Rapidly Changing Global
Environment, White Paper from the Computer Sciences
Corporation, available at http://www.worldbank.org/mdf/
mdf3/papers/education/AlBanna.pdf (February 2000),
p. 17.
Argote, L., B. McEvily, and R. Reagans, Managing Knowledge
in Organizations: An Integrative Framework and Review of
Emerging Themes, Management Science, 49:4 (2003), pp.
571-582.
Arlow, Jim, and Ila Neustadt, UML and the Unied Process:
Practical Object-Oriented Analysis and Design, AddisonWesley (2003).
Battle Command Knowledge System (BCKS), Best KM Slides,
available at https://bcks.army.mil/secure/linkedles/best_
km_slides, accessed on 20 November 2006.
Cushing, John M., and Timothy E. Trainor, Developing Base
Camps to Support Military Operations in a Dangerous
World, Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference, American
Society for Engineering Management (October 2004), pp.
527-531.
Department of the Army, FM 25-100: Training the Force,
Washington, DC, (1988).
Department of the Army, FMI 6-01.1: Battle Command Knowledge
Management Cell, Washington, DC, (2006).
Directorate of eBusiness & Knowledge Management in the
Ofce of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Command,
Control, Communications, and Intelligence (OASD/C3I),
Advancing Knowledge Management in DoD: A Primer
for Executives and Practitioners, available from http://
c3i.dtic.mil/org/cio/km/Primer.html, accessed on 21
November 2006, p. 20.
Drucker, Peter F., The Age of Social Transformation, The Atlantic
Monthly, 274:5 (November 1994), pp. 53-80.
Ezell, Barry C. et al., Base Camp Design: A Technical Report on
Site Selection and Facility Layout, Department of Systems
Engineering, USMA (2001).
GroupSystems Collaborative Software, available at http://www.
groupsystems.com/page.php?pname=solutions, accessed on
1 June 2006.
Hass, Martine R., Knowledge Gathering, Team Capabilities,
and Project Performance in Challenging Work
Environments, Management Science, 52:8 (2006),
pp. 1170-1184.
Karlsen, Jan Terje, and Petter Gottschalk, Factors Affecting
Knowledge Transfer in IT Projects, Engineering Management
Journal, 16:1 (March 2004), pp. 3-10.
Lesser, E.L., and J. Storck, Communities of Practice and
Organizational Performance, IBM Systems Journal, 40:4
(2001), pp. 831-841.
Conclusions
The workshops have enhanced learning in the Base Camp
Community of Practice. The application of knowledge
management methods proved appropriate for this problem
area and community. We believe that these lessons learned
from our effort with the base camp community are applicable
to engineering managers and researchers seeking to improve
organizational learning:
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Acknowledgments
The authors want to acknowledge the hard work of several
ofcers in the Department of Systems Engineering at West Point
who signicantly contributed to the success of the Base Camp
Workshops discussed in this article. Particular thanks go to Major
John Cushing and Major Travis Thompson whose tireless efforts
resulted in the lessons learned from the workshops that led to
the creation of a knowledge management system to improve the
planning and development of base camps to support US military
forces worldwide. We also want to thank the group of reviewers
whose insightful comments helped us make this a better article.
Disclaimer
The views expressed in this article are those of the authors, and/
or presenters at the workshop, and do not reect the ofcial
policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department
of Defense, or the US Government.
About the Authors
Colonel Timothy Trainor received his MBA from Duke
University and his Ph.D. in industrial engineering from North
Carolina State University. He received his undergraduate
degree from the United States Military Academy in 1983. He is
currently the Head of the Systems Engineering Department at
the United States Military Academy. He has served in various
command and staff positions in the Engineer branch of the
US Army during a 24-year Army career.
Colonel Donna Brazil received her M.A. and Ph.D. in
social psychology from the University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill. She received her undergraduate degree from
the United States Military Academy in 1983. She led the
Leadership Program at the United States Military Academy
for ve years. She currently serves in the Department of
Behavioral Sciences and Leadership at West Point. She served
in various command and staff positions in the Transportation
branch of the US Army during a 24-year Army career.
Major Travis (TJ) Lindberg received his M.S. in systems
engineering from the University of Arizona in 2004. He received
his undergraduate degree in engineering management from
the United States Military Academy in 1995. He is currently
a student at the Armys Command and General Staff College.
He served in various command and staff positions in the
Engineer branch of the US Army.
Contact: COL Tim Trainor, Department of Systems
Engineering, United States Military Academy, West Point,
New York, 10996; phone: 845-938-5534; fax 845-938-5919;
[email protected]
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