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Truss Intro PDF

This document provides an introduction to assembling the stiffness matrix for truss structures using two different methods: 1) the element by element method where each element's stiffness matrix is assembled into the overall structural stiffness matrix, and 2) the coordinate by coordinate method where the stiffness terms are assembled column by column based on the forces required to displace each coordinate. The coordinate by coordinate method is demonstrated on a simple 3-bar truss, where it is noted that if the angles of both elements are the same, the off-diagonal terms of the stiffness matrix will be equal, which makes intuitive sense.

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36 views2 pages

Truss Intro PDF

This document provides an introduction to assembling the stiffness matrix for truss structures using two different methods: 1) the element by element method where each element's stiffness matrix is assembled into the overall structural stiffness matrix, and 2) the coordinate by coordinate method where the stiffness terms are assembled column by column based on the forces required to displace each coordinate. The coordinate by coordinate method is demonstrated on a simple 3-bar truss, where it is noted that if the angles of both elements are the same, the off-diagonal terms of the stiffness matrix will be equal, which makes intuitive sense.

Uploaded by

Mahnooranjum
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Duke University CEE 421L.

Matrix Structural Analysis


Introduction to Stiffness Matrix Assembly for Trusses
Method 1: Element by Element

1
0
0
1
0
1

bar numbers

1
0
0
1
0
1

=0

un-restrained structural coordinates are the


global degrees of freedom

1
0
0
1
0
1

angles imply the


element coordinate numbering system

Element 1

Element coordinates 3 & 4 correspond to structural coordinates 1& 2.


4

K1 =

EA
L

1
0
0
1
0
1

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
2
. c 1 c1 s 1
. c1 s1 s21

1
1

Element 2

Element coordinates 3 & 4 correspond to structural coordinates 1& 2.

1
0
0
1
0
1

4
=0

EA
K2 =
L


Element 3

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
1
0

.
.
0
0

Element coordinates 1 & 2 correspond to structural coordinates 1& 2.

1
0
0
1
0
1

K3 =

2
3

EA
L

c23 c3 s3
c3 s3 s23
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

Assemble the structural stiffness matrix, Ks , for the two structural coordinates.


Ks =

EA
c2 +
 L 1 1
EA
cs +
L 1 1 1

EA
+ EA
c2
L 3 3
 L 2
EA
cs
L 3 3 3

EA
c1 s 1 +
 L 1
EA
s2 +
L 1 1

EA
c3 s 3
 L 3
EA
s2
L 3 3

Duke University CEE 421L. Matrix Structural Analysis


Introduction to Stiffness Matrix Assembly for Trusses
Method 2: Coordinate by Coordinate column by column

1
0
0
1
0
1

bar numbers

1
0
0
1
0
1

2 2
1

un-restrained structural coordinates are the


global degrees of freedom

angles should be acute, if possible,


so that cos 0 and sin 0.

1
0
0
1
0
1
Coordinate 1

Forces required for d1 = 1 (only).

0110
10

p2 = Ks21

Ks11 =

0110
10

EA
L

cos2 1 +
1

EA
L

EA
L

+
2

cos2 2

p1 = Ks11

d 1= 1

01
1010

Ks21 =

EA
L

cos 1 sin 1
1

Coordinate 2

EA
L

cos 2 sin 2
3

Forces required for d2 = 1 (only).


p2 = Ks22

1
0
0
1
0
1

EA
L

EA
cos 1 sin 1
L
1

1
0
0
1
0
1

2
1

Ks22 =

p1= Ks12

EA
L

sin2 1 +

sin2 2

d 2= 1

EA
=
L


Ks12

cos 2 sin 2
3

1
0
0
1
0
1


Ks =

EA
 L 1
EA
L 1

EA
+ EA
cos2 2
L 2
L 3
cos 1 sin 1 EA
cos 2 sin 2
L 3

cos2 1 +

What are the off-diagonal terms if 1 = 2 ?


Does this make sense?

EA
 L 1
EA
L 1

cos 1 sin 1
sin2 1 +

EA
L 3

EA
cos 2
L 3
2
sin 2

sin 2

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