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Field Coal Description1

This document provides a geological description for coal. It includes a classification system for coal based on its coal and shale content. Descriptors are provided for coal's brightness, color, weathering grade, strength, breaking performance, streaking color, cleat spacing, partings/bands, contact condition, orientations, and chemical structure. An example description is also given. The key information is that coal is classified and described based on its composition, physical properties, and structural features.

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R Okfariano Wicaksono
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65 views1 page

Field Coal Description1

This document provides a geological description for coal. It includes a classification system for coal based on its coal and shale content. Descriptors are provided for coal's brightness, color, weathering grade, strength, breaking performance, streaking color, cleat spacing, partings/bands, contact condition, orientations, and chemical structure. An example description is also given. The key information is that coal is classified and described based on its composition, physical properties, and structural features.

Uploaded by

R Okfariano Wicaksono
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GEOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION FOR COAL

1.

Name
COAL
Shaly COAL
SHALE COAL
Coaly SHALE
SHALE

: 100% coal
: 55 % to 99 % coal
: 45 % to 55 % coal
: less than 45 % coal
: 100 % shale

Notes : 1. Shale also can be as mudstone,


sandstone or other materials
2. See also parting

2.

Brightness
Bright
Bright with dull bands
Interbanded dull & bright
Mainly dull with bright bands
Dull

A.

Idealised weathering profiles without corestones (left) and


with corestones (right)

5. Strength

3. Colour

7. Breaking Performance
Parameter
Value
Chroma

Terms
Light, Dark
Pinkish, Reddish, Yellowish,
Orangish, Bluish, Brownish,
Greenish, Greyish
Pink, Red, Yellow, Orange,
Brown, Green, Blue, Purple,
White, Grey, Black

Hue

Term

Unconfined
Compressive
Strength
2
( MN / m )

Field Test

Very weak

0.60 - 1.25

Weak

1.25 - 5.0

Easily broken by
hand. Penetrated
to about 5 mm with
knife.
Broken by leaning
on sample with
hammer.
No
penetration
with
knife.
Scratched
with thumbnail.
Broken in hand by
hitting
with
hammer.
Scratched
with
knife.
Broken
against
solid object with
hammer.
Difficult to break
against solid object
with hammer.
Requires
many
blows of hammer
to fracture sample.
Sample can only
be chipped with
hammer.

Note : For uniform colour distribution, choose a hue,supplemented by value and or chroma if necessary.For
non-uniform distribution repeat this procedure using one of the following descriptors : spotted,mottled,
dappled, streaked, striped ( e.g light yellowish brown mottled with red )
Scale whet bar sample was
wet or dry when described ( see moisture condition )

4. Weathering
Grade
I

Moderately
Weak

5.0 - 12.5

Moderately
Strong

12.5 - 50

Description
Fresh. No visible sign of rock material weathering; perhaps a slight
discoloration on major discontinuity surfaces.

Strong

50 - 100

Slightly Weathered. Discoloration indicates weathering of rock material


and discontinuity surfaces. All the rock material may be discoloured by
weathering.

Very Strong

100 - 200

III

Moderately Weathered. Less than of the rock material is decomposed or


disintegrated to a soil. Fresh or discoloured rock is present either as a
continuous framework or as corestones.

Extremely
Strong

IV

Highly Weathered. More than half of the rock material is decomposed


or disintegrated to a soil. Fresh or discoloured rock is present either as a
discontinuous framework or as corestones.

II

Completely Weathered. All rock material is decomposed and or


disintegrated to soil. The original mass structure is still largely intact.

VI

Residual Soil. All rock material is converted to soil. The mass structure
and material fabric are destroyed. There is a large change in volume, but
the soil has not been significantly transported.

> 200

Angular
Crumbly

Concoidal
Hackly

Fissile Splintery
Earthly

8. Cleat Spacing
Cracks which are perpendicular or parallel to the bedding. Report the spacing
in mm and cleat position.

9. Parting/Bands
Consist of fine laminae/lenses of clay/silt/ sand or pyrite or resin. Report the
thickness of lamination/lenses in mm or percentage of pyrite or resin.

10. Contact Condition


Describe contact between coal with other material at roof and floor. Sharp or
Gradational

11. Orientations
Describe by strike and dip direction of bedding plane. Example
N 1350 E/210 SE

12. Chemical Structure


Nodule
Ironstone

Pyrite
Concretion

13. Discontinuity
If needed, see rock description for engineering geology or
Geotechnical

6. Streaking Colour
Black
Brown

Blackish Brown
Black brown

Brownish black

Description Ex1. COAL, bright, black, concoidal frc., slightly weathered, moderately weak, black
streaking, angular break, parallel cleat, sharp contact, N1350 E/210SE, phyrite rare.

Revision 1, 24 April 2003

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