Network Quality and Performance Management GNPA-8-2 2015‘This book is training document and contaiis simplifications. Therefore, it must not be considered as a specification of the system. The contents of this document are subject to revision without notice due to ongoing progress in methodology, design and manufacturing. ‘The document is not intended to replace the technical documentation that was shipped with your system, Always refer to the technical documentation during operation and maintenance. ‘Telefocal Asia Pte Ltd does not warrant that the same results will be obtained in every test performed and makes no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to the documentation. ‘Telefocal Asia Pte Ltd shall not be liable in any event for incidental or consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of the use of the procedures contained in this document. Telefocal Asia Pte Ltd assumes no legal responsibility for any errors or damage resulting from the usage of this document. All products or services mentioned in this document are copyright, trademarks or service marks of the respective companies or organizations. is Copyright © 2015 by Telefocal Asia Pte Ltd Allrights reserved. No part ofthis document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without consent of Telefocal Asia Pte Ltd Join our discussion group at: https:/4vww.inkedin.com/groupsNetwork-QoS-Performance- Management-Benchmarking-4635322 Ce Imparting Sound Knowledse1029 sound Knowledge Course Offerings by Telefocal Asia BASIC COURSES FOR PROFESSIONALS 1 ABCs of Telecommunications o Overview of Carrier Ethernet «IP Routing and Switching 0 IP for Telecom Professionals - MASTERCLASS «© Basic IP and Transmission Technologies c Overview of 3G & 4G Mobile Network & Services 2G & 3G NETWORKS 3 3G Technical Workshop WCDMA / HSxPA Systems Engineering and Network Optimization © Heterogeneous Networks: Deploying and Managing Small Cells and WiFi Offloading 5 HSPA+ Planning, Optimization and Performance Management 1 Telecom Evolution and Network Convergence ~ From 2G to 4G LTE/4G a LTE / SAE System Overview © LTE Cell Planning and Dimensioning © LTE Transport Network Design © LTE / 4G The Next Generation Mobile Networks 1 Voice of LTE (VoLTE) 5 Machine-To-Machine (M2M): Technologies and Applications LTE and LTE Advanced 18 4G LTE Signaling, Protocols and Procedures © LTE Security NETWORK BENCHMARKING and QoS 2 3G Network QoS and Performance Management © 3G Benchmarking and Optimization 8 LTE QoS and Performance Management 1 End to End LTE/UMTS/GSM Network Optimization » LTE Basics & Radio Optimization +» this course leads to cetication as an MEF Carier Ethemet Certiied Professional (MEF-CECP) and ‘andidates are expected to sit for the MEF CECP Examination within» stipuated period afer taking the LEFOCAL IP TECHNOLOGIES and TRAFFIC ENGINEERING 1 IPV6: Migration from 1Pv4 to IPv6 with Hands on IPv6 Configuration © IP / Ethernet Backhauling for 3G/4G Network © MEF - Carrier Ethernet Certified Professional** 5 MPLS-TP - Service Architecture and Enterprise Network over Service Provider Network 18 MPLS and IP Traffic Engineering 15 End-to-End Traffic Engineering and Management TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGIES 9 SDH & DWDM Fundamentals 1 Microwave Transmissions Engineering and Link Planning, © Ethernet Radio Planning and Link Engineering © 3G LTE Microwave Transmissions Network Planning © Pathloss 5 Workshop 15 Network Synchronization from TDM to IP and Mobile Backhaul Networks 1p Fiber Network Planning for Metro and Long Haul 5 GPON and FTTx Design Workshop 8 DWDM and Optical Networking 15 Ethernet Radio for Next Generation Mobile Networks, © Transmission Network Audit, Analysis and Optimization © Fibre to the Home (FTTH) Technical Training Programme 15 SS7 and SIGTRAN Workshop 1p Global Maritime Distress Safety Systems (GMDSS) for International Maritime Organization Safety of Life at Sea (IMO-SOLAS) BUSINESS ANALYTICS & MANAGEMENT 1a Finance in Telecom Industry 1p Telecoms Project Management 2 Advanced Telecoms Project Management © Telco Management 101 © Leadership Essentials ~ from Me to We 5 Primer on Customer Experience Management (CEM) and Big Data Analytics 1» Big Data Business Intelligence for Telecom & Communication Service Providers 5 Managing the Managed Services and Aligning Network Performance Management bon a + 200209080imparting ‘Sound Knowledge Why Telefocal? Vendor neutrality We are vendor-neutral. We do not train with the hope of selling more equipment or managed services to clients after the training is over, Our instructors have experienced multiple products and/or platforms and are able to provide sound and impartial advice to our clients - in areas pertaining to the merits and demerits of each product or platform, for instance. Because our courses are vendor-neutral, we do not only teach the specifics of one piece of equipment and how it fits into the technology. Instead we teach the technology. As a result, our students understand the specifics of the actual technology, rather than just how a vendor interprets how their equipment addresses the technology. Length/Diversity of Instructors’ Experience Telefocal has in total close to 100 trainers and consultants worldwide, Our instructors have management, planning and execution experiences. Majority of them have a decade of experience, typically with large network operators whose subscribers run into the mnllions. Some of them have past working experience both in the operator and vendor environments and as such, they are able to adopt a balanced outlook on issues relating to technologies, equipment, design and Implementation procedures and challenges, etc. Training Quality and Methodologies Training quality is the most important aspect of any training procured by any company. We believe that price should not be the deciding factor as if any training lead to less-than- desired results for the clients, it translates to not only a waste of investment dollars but also time by the participants, who may be merely going through the motion of the training without having a good grip on the subject matter. 22 New Industeat Road 08-03, Solstice Business Con Telefocal only sends the best of the best and proven instructors to deliver trainings for our clients. Teaching is an art, and our trainers not only have field experience and excellent academic records, they are good in teaching. ‘They don't read from books nor teach purely from a theoretical angle, Case studies are used to bring out the essence of the subject matter. Video aids are also used. They would be able to appreciate what participants face in their day-to-day work, help them with a better approach, and provide the necessary practical advice and solutions on how to solve the problems they face. Course Materials Telefocal instructors develop the course material themselves and continue to update them periodically and in tandem with technological changes. This ensures our course materials are up-to-date at all times and students get first-hand information on new technologies and standards when courses are imparted to them. This is unlike many companies who have a third party to create their training materials which become static over time and thus, obsolete. Better ROI on OPEX Our trainings help your management and engineering team avoid costly mistakes in project management, engineering, design and implementation. We are convinced that Telefocal's trainings will offer better value and return on Investments (ROI) in the long run, and help lower the operating expenditure of our operator clients. Conclusion Our cohort of over 30,000 technical and business professionals trained by Telefocal worldwide in the last decade, as well as repeat clients from leading telco operators like Telstra, Telecom NZ, Etisalat, Vimpelcom, MTN, Telenor, Ericsson, Alcatel Lucent and Huawei, is a strong testimony to Telefocal’s unwavering commitment to training excellence - both in the past as well as the future. 2oon09 x00 Singapore 536209TELEFOCAL peL Ere eAT NETWORK QUALITY & PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT OUR MOTTO: REALIZE YOUR FULL POTENTIAL - PLAN & OPTIMIZE YOUR NETWORK Contents TELEFOCAL + 2G 3G 4G Standards + UMTS HSPA System Architecture + UMTS QoS (Quality of Service) and Bearers * QOS Measurement * 3G Performance Analysis - QOS Basic Acceptance * 3G Performance Analysis — QOS Detailed Procedure + 3G Performance Analysis - Network Optimization * OPTIMIZING - RRC SET UP AND ACCESS FAILURES CS AND PS DROP * OPTIMIZING - CALL SET UP FAILURE SCENARIOS. CALL DROP FAILURE SCENARIOS + 3G Performance Analysis — Process, KPIs, Statistical Analysis + UMTS KPIs and FormulasTELEFOCAL SEUrFORAL, UMTS Network architecture and HSDPA Principles Wide-Area Wireless Network Standards FELEFOGAL Landscape 5G 3G 4G3GPP Timeline TELEFOCAL Release 99 “Approved December 1999. eel Release 5 “Approved June 2004. “Testbeds in 2002. “Trials in 2004. «Commercial equipment 2005. Release 6 *Commercial equipment 2007. L Preliminary stage +Commercial target 2010. erm Ts a Abe s UMTS Network Architecture TELEFOCAL MS Specifically Identical to designed to GPRS Core support WCDMA Network. wireless interface. Packet switched. pt OH Ta An a ‘Basic UMTS Features FELEFOCAL « Based on Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) air interface. CDMA chip rate is 3.84 MHz. Typical channel separation is 5 MHz with 200 KHz raster. Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) codes used to support multi-rate and heterogeneous traffic. Full frequency reuse. UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) is designed around WCDMA with a number of specific solutions. Power control (open- and close-loop). HSDPA additions: Soft and softer handover. + Higher order modulation (16-GAM); 5 - . + Adaptive modulation and coding rate; Transmitter and receive antenna diversity. ee Admission and load control «Hybrid ARQ: Uses the same core network as GSM/GPRS. + Soft recombining; Packet and circuit switched data traffic are supported, | + Incremental redundancy; Open interface architecture between network elements, WCDMA Codes - Channelisa' Ss n Code Tree TELEFOCAL sl SF=8 SF=16 ogoy=t1191111) cgoynts114) c, Cot T-1-4-1-1} COU) Cyayetttt-118-1-1) c, CQy=f11-1-4-1-111] Cyoyretttt-ttt] Fe Cu 2htt-t1-1) is Cy(5)U1-11-1-11-11] ic, c, CYS Et t-11t-1-19 pose «, canrt-t-tesit-n x(1)=(1-1)Physical Layer Bit Rates (DL) TELEFOCAL Spreading | Channa | Channel bit DPDCH Maximum user factor | symbol rate channd bit | cata rate with Y= rate (Kops) rate range rate coding (ksps) (Kops) (approx) 512 75 15 3-6 41-3 KOs: 256 15 30 42-24 6—12 Kops iikete.sheect 128 30 60 42-51 20-24 kbps Rx|~ >! Finger ] i >| Fi | x Rx Finger > Output ees > ~ | : > RK > i | Finger Finger Sa t = Code used ff B A for the = = le connection} “™g° "S°> 8) a a Qa. * Combination or multipath components and signal from different cells Macro Diversity in the RNC TELEFOCAL 2 Macro Diversity Point selection combining is used / S-RNC Core Network Macro diversity occurs if the mobile is D-RNC _ in soft handover with more than 1 node B. Selection combining is used.HSDPA Step-by-Step TELEFOCAL ‘ach HSDPA mobile t downlink and reports the Channel Quality | Indicator (CQ1) back to the base station. 2. Fae. ‘2 msec the base Station schedule hs) decides: is reports every N* 2 msec (N is settable). hat mobile terminals is to be served | in the following TTI. + CAIs sent over uplink Dedicated Physical Control Channel for. HS-DSCH.(HS-DPCCH, + How many codes, modulation and data rate fo be sent to each mobile 3. Base station notifies mobile terminals to be served and what data format will be used. This is done over the control channel HS- MAC-hs MAC-d buffers and RLC Channelization Codes - UMTS HSDPA TELEFOCAL Orthogonal code are used to multiplex different data streams that are send to one or more different users. Codes with different spreading factor can be selected such that the orthogonality is preserved. . Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) codes used to support multi-rate and heterogeneous traffic, In HSDPA a fixed spreading factor is used to carry user data. This branch must be excluded from further *' selection because the en=(0) 7 > Eien code ays selected xg = (1-1, 1-1) yg = (ete) Spreading factor is 16. + Maximum 15 codes can be allocated to carry user data. «The remaining code branch is reserved for channels that are required by the system.Channelization Codes - HSDPA TELEFOEAL Channelization codes have a fixed spreading factor 16. Up to 15 codes in parallel. . Example: 12 consecutive codes reserved for transport High Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH). sF=2 SFaA ny SFB Kom Physical channels (codes) that map HS-OSCH cPICH OVSF code tree allocated by RNC. HSDPA codes managed by base station MAC-hs scheduler. HS-DSCH Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH) with spreading factor 128. EcNo & CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) TELEFOCAL - Channel Quality Indicator (CQU) is determined by each HSDPA mobile terminal, It will depend on estimate of radio conditions as well as mobile terminal capabilities. SINR quantifies the radio conditions, and it is typically estimated using P-CPICH. Mobile terminal capabilities are given by its category (will be addressed later in the course). CQL is an integer number from 0 to 30 corresponding to a Transport Format Resource Combination (TFRC) determining: Modulation; Number of channelisation codes; Transport block size; For the given radio conditions and selected TFRC a BLER typically should not exceed 10%. CQI values - 0— mobile terminal is out of coverage. - 30—mobile terminal experiences exceptionally high SINR and its hardware can support the highest data rates. - Inearly HSDPA terminals, CQI will not get higher than 20 to 25.Multiuser Scheduling TELEFOCAL aa I ea rite ‘The scheduler is in the base station and it decides every 2 msec on: Which mobile terminals are served; For each mobile terminal that is served it decides on: Power level; Number of channelisation codes; - Modulation; . Channel encoding rate; . The scheduler decisions are based on: Available time, code and power resources; CQI reported by mobile terminals; ‘Amount of data to be transmitted in the base station buffers for a particular mobile terminal; Priority level and other QoS parameters corresponding to each mobile terminal, Terminal category; Scheduling and Multiuser Diversity A The main effect behind the scheduling is multiuser diversity. With a number of users, chance that one of the users experiences favorable radio conditions is increasing. In other words, it is easier for the scheduler to find a user that can receive high data rate transmission. Theoretical results point to the increase in the total downlink throughput as T~log(log(k)) where K is the number of users. Flattening — diversity gains ~~ are getting -7 smaller. iScheduling Schemes FELEFOCAL Round Robin Scheduling Each user is allocated equal amount of time. This scheme does not really exploit favorable conditions but averages out good and bad radio conditions. Maximum Rate Scheduling - Always selects user with the best radio conditions, i.e., maximum SINR and thus the maximum data rate. It results in the highest downlink throughput (i.e., maximum downlink sum data rate) It is not fair because certain users (that experience low SINR) are not served, Proportionally Fair Scheduling It selects user based on favorable radio condition and whether a particular user is being served frequently enough. It may base its decision on how much data is waiting to be transmitted for each user, i.c., favoring users with more data waiting to be transmitted (even though their SINR may be low). Mobile Terminal Categories TELEFOEAL - 12 mobile terminal (UE) categories are defined in Release 5. Each mobile terminal category defines specific receiver capabilities. . Maximum transport block size per TTI. Maximum number of HS-PDSCH codes supported. - Modulation capability (QPSK only or QPSK and 16-QAM). - Inter-TTI distance (no decoding of HS-DSCH in each TTI). . HARQ buffer size. - The MAC-hs scheduler needs to take these restrictions into account. - All these characteristics affect the achievable peak data rates.Mobile Terminal Categories TELEFOCAL [ “Terminal Maximum] Minimum | Toalnumber | Maximum [Theoretical maximum category | numberof HS- | inter-TTI | of soft channet | MAC-hs TB | PHY data rate (Mbit/s) DSCH multi | interval bits size codes 1 5 3 19200 7298 12 2 5 3 28800 7298 12 3 3 2 28800 7298 18 4 5 2 38400 7298 18 5 5 1 37600 7298 36 6 5 1 67200 7298 36 8 10 i 134400 iat 72 9 5 i 172800 20251 101 10 15 1 172800 27952 140) iF 5 2 14400 3630 09 Be 5 1 28800 3630 18 Categories 11 and 12 support only QPSK. UMTS Radio Frame and Transmission Time Interval TELEFOEAL ay f 10 msec i OF ate eas Radio Frame 14 666.66 usec + Shortest Transmission Time Interval (TTI) in UMTS is 10 msec, i.e., 38400 chips. «Depending on the interleaving, it can be longer: 20, 40 and 80 msec «Scrambling code spans 10 msec, i.e., 38400 chips. «Every slot period, certain physical layer signals and parameters are transmitted. + Pilot, power control, transmit antenna diversity feedback and rate information. «Slot spans 2560 chips.HSDPA Transmission Time Interval TELEFOGAL tq 666.66 usec + Shortest Transmission Time Interval (TTI) in HSDPA is 2 msec. + Channel Quality Indicator (CQ) is fed back every 2 msec. + ACKINACK are reported every 2 msec. + Scheduler acts every 2 msec. «This interval is also known as subframe. + Scrambling code still spans 10 msec, i.e., 38400 chips. Power Control in UMTS TELEFOCAL Benefits - Works against detrimental channel fading (large and small scale, i.e, fast fading) maintaining the target SINR. . Lowers the interference that the transmission causes by preventing the excessive transmit power levels. . Extends mobile terminal battery life. + Mechanisms + Open-loop power control. « Closed-Loop power control. Outer power control loop. + Applied both on the uplink and downlink, Not all physical layer channels are power controlled Some common and shared channels are not power controlled using closed loop mechanism. . HSDPA channel is not power controlled because the adaptive modulation, rate and multiuser scheduling address all types of channel conditions.Soft Handovers FELEFOCAL In UMTS there is a frequency reuse | between the neighboring cells and sector ._ It causes inter-cell interference both in the uplink and downlink. Cc! _ + Amobile terminal that is at the edge of a cell experiences comparable signal strengths of the neighboring base station downlink transmissions. + Instead of being detrimental, this effect is applied in the soft handover procedure that is beneficial to mobile terminals at the cell edge. + This leads to macro-diversity. HSDPA Peak Data Rates + HSDPA does not support soft handovers. * This is done to minimize latencies. + Instead of the full macro-diversity, multi-cell selection diversity. TELEFOCAL eee Wax Li Max RLC #of codes | Modulation | detcrate | data rate J scodes | QPsk 4.8 Mbps 4.6 Mbps 5 codes 16-QAM 3.6Mbps | 3.36 Mbps 10 codes ceEEEEEREEEOEEEy 16-QAM 16-QAM 6.72 Mbps 9.6 M 15 codes 16-QAM 14,0 Mbps 13.3 MbpsHSDPA Features TELEFOCAL _ Fas ied ‘To improve QoS data packages Data rates are optimized Data retransmission is handled __are further compressed and dynamically during the session by NodeB. UE combines NodeB schedules data according to radio link quality. correct bits from or transmission instead of RNC. ‘This ensures highest possible data transmission and re Fast interleaving rates to end-users. transmission (and Hybrid ARQ), (2ms) ‘This provides fastest possible response. L1 - Physical Layer L2 HSDPA Modulation TELEFOCAL QPSK 16QAM 2 bits / symbol = 4 bits / symbol = 480 kbit/s/HS-PDSCH = 960 kbit/s/HS-PDSCH = max. 5.4 Mbit/s for Channel Coding % max. 14.4 Mbit/s for channel coding 4/4 SF used = 16Retransmissions in HSDPA TELEFOCAL Rel’99 DCH Rel'05 HSDPA i Node ED Terminal Terminal mp 88 Tn an A on Retransmissions in HSDPA TELEFOCAL n= Flow Control | Server RNC © MAC-hs Layer-1 retransmissions Lt retransmission delay~10ms [ TCP retransmissions | TCP layer retransmissions. | | RLC layer retransmissions , slow start effect) RLC retransmission delay ~150 ms |Fast Link Adaptation in HSDPA FELEFOCAL Instantaneous ESNo [dB] ° 20 «@ 60 80 100 120 140 160 : Time (number 16QAM3/4 % 16QAM 2/4 QPSK3/4 QPSK2/4 QPSK1/4 Ro9-DCH = (=a (=> —Hsppa HSDPA - General Principle Note Te is = Trrodghput Channel quality @ 3 ‘AckiNack, TPC) ‘tchanneleaion sebannetsaton Codes per UE (Cede: por UE ‘Throughout of SF16 iy ce anni 02 Tt ae Ag meR99-DCH all ==> HSDPA HSDPA - General Principle Channel quality Sate poorer usr. (CAI, AckiNack, TPC) according to QoS profile ‘Tx power varies Cade power por according to ‘Throughput channel quality 1 variable SF code according (BLER) per user => 3 0-15 SF16 codes Channet variable SF codes per user, only 1 eel simultaneously user at a time (2ms intervals) HSDPA - General Principle TELEFGEAL Channel quality (CQI, Ack/Nack, TPC) UE1 New base station functions. Channel quality + HARG retransmissions + Modulation/coding selection (cal, Ack/Nack, TPC) + Packet data scheduling (short TT!) ve2 @ + Fast scheduling is done directly in Node-B based on feedback information from UE and knowledge of current traffic state. cmon 0208 Tata AgAdaptive Modulation Coding (AMC) TELEFOCAL + The link adaptation functionality of the Node B is in charge of adapting the modu format, and the number of multi-codes to the instantaneous radio conditions + Table below shows an example set of Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS) + Besides AMC, multi-code transmission (where several SF16 OVSF codes are transmitted simultaneously) can also be considered a way of link adaptation + Ifthe user is having good channel conditions, the NodeB can exploit the situation by transmitting multiple parallel codes, reaching significant peak throughputs + For example, with the MCS 5 and a set of 15 multi-codes, a maximum peak data rate of 10.8 Mbps (15*720kbps=10.8Mbps) can be obtained + Such high peak data rates are expected to be used under favorable instantaneous signal quality conditions n, the coding MCs Modulation | Eff. Coding Rate Bits perTT! | Peak Rate (1 code) 1 % 240 420kbps 2 aPsk % 480 240Kbps 3 % 720 ‘360kbps 4 % 960 480kbps 5 16QAM % 1440 720Kbps UMTS QoS (Quality of Service) and BearersHow is Network Quality defined? FELEFCEAL The collective effect of service performance which determines the degree of satisfaction of a user for the particular service User (subscriber) Quality of service Service Service Service Service Service Senice support operability || Jaccessibtty | | retainability Integrity security performance | | performance | | |performance | performance performance Serveabilty performance Network Performance Provider (operator) TELEFOCAL How is Network Quality defined? User domain: throughput, accuracy, dependability (reliability, availability), Provider domain: delay, loss, utilisation, ... User Domain Provider Domain User Qos | QoS offered by Requirements | | Provider 4 T] [2 QoS experienced [A— Qos achieved by By User |) | __UserL |__ Servic Service. Service Servic support | operability sustaina- |] integrity |] | security Cabuly to} (capacity of bility providea | a service to service and | “ be used) help its usage) Serveability performance LI Bilin; (probability hat the ces and ty ‘ansinission | network accounts the | |_enviromment (availability. comutinications by reliability type. destination, mainten: support) H ty Ted Quality of service: How the subscriber is satisfied with the overall service Accessibility: To be able to get in contact wth the network Retainability: + To continue the connection with the network uni al tasks are successful terminated Service Integri Tobe able to perform a service and to keep the quelly ofthe connection on a evel, where the information can sticcessfuly be exchanged in the shortest possible time + Support Performance: “The abilty ofthe operator to provide the service and to use its ulization + Operability Performance: ‘The ability ofa service to be successfully and easily used by the user + Security: EIR, secur bling, no unauthorized monitoring, TMSI, otcHow is Network Quality defined Hypothetical reference path, performance measurement points IP Network Cloud pst Fy Ae fc | ic}... fe __ eee 1s v_ Network Section Network Section _Network Section Customer Iniallstion End-to-End Network (Bearer Service QoS) Customer Installation User-to-User Connection ( Teleservice QoS) TE] Feminl_ [AG] Acces Ouewsy Protocol Stack UN Tuser Network interface Equipment Router | Protco stack 3, i i FO QOS main parameters IP Domain Frureal Network Performance Y.1541 QoS Classes Parameter [Class | Class | Class | Class | Class | Class || Classes 0 1 2 3 4 5 |] resolve IPTD | 100ms | 400ms | 100ms | 400ms | 1s U_ || sealing pv | s0ms | soms | U U u | w || issues TPLR | 1*103] 1*103 | 1°10? | 1#103 | w403 | U IPER 1104 uv | t E [_Wotce_ Best Ettor] sample Signaling Data Service [interactive Data | — Sireaming video | “MMe + IP Transfer Delay (PTD) + IP Packet Loss Ratio (PLR) — Propagation Delay: function of distance — congestion discards, delay variation discards — Transport Delay: fimetion of processing in nodes ~ Bursts or random ~ Codec Delay: signal conversion + IP Packet Error Ratio (TPER) Corruption, — Jitter Buffer Delay: smoothing delay variability * Spurious IP packet Rate (STPR) 5 Com + IP Delay Variability (IPDY) (Jitter) ee ernstenrermesnaetKey QOS Standards ox Wireline Wireless Key Standards ITU-T 3GPP Perf. Parameters Y.1540 TS 22.105 QoS Classes Y.1541 TS 23.107 ITU-T Y.1540 IP Availability Performance Parameters ITU-T Y.1541 Network Performance Objectives for IP-Based Services 3GPP TS 22.105 Services and Service Capabilities 3GPP TS 23.107 QoS Concept and Architecture Related Specifications: 221 Traffic Control and Congestion ITURM. Performance and QoS Requirements for IMT-2000 3GPP TS 23.207 End to End QoS Concept and Architecture 3GPP TS 29.207 Policy Control over Go interface Commercial offer | | Competition | Trends Users expectations in terms of QoS, & 7 a ae << Users satisfaction > wo a Technical QoS Non-technical QoS ia rT rT rT Network Terminal “Sales points || customer performance || performance || °° POMS |) care |UMTS - hierarchy of bearers FELEFOCAL umTs | ee wT UTRAN Nie on TE ge Gateway ode End tod Sonice Radio Access Bearer Service ‘CN Bearer ‘Service L 1 RadioBearer | [lu Bearer ‘Service Service rT rT TRA, Physical FoprTo0 | | Bearer Service Service 3GPP TS 23.107, QoS Concept and Architecture What resources does UMTS RAB need? TELEFOCAL © lu capacity for the lu bearer See the QoS in transmission part © lub capacity for the Radio Bearer © Processing capacity in the Mea © WCDMA codes © Astice of the cell downlink transmission roel A CDMA system is limited Should only be limiting in exceptional cases by interference and power available on the radio interface © Aslice of the cell uplink interference ont 88 TnL Mg re “Mapping of UMTS Bearer Services into RAB TELEFOCAL Services yee UMTS Service Radio Access Bearer ‘Speech (AMR Codec) Conversational/Speech 12.2, Emergency Call kbps Cireuit Switched RAB Internet Access Interactive or Background Packet Switched RAB Modem V.90 "| Conversational 64 kbps Circuit Switched RAB H.324M Multimedia Conversational 64 kbps Circuit ‘Switched RAB QoS classes TELEFOCAL preen, Traffic class Conversational class conversational RT ‘Streaming el streaming RT Fundamental characteristics + Preserve time relation (variation) between information entities of the stream + Conversational pattern (stringent and low delay ) Example of the application. ~voice + Multi-service approach requires QoS concepts to consider not only the number of users, but also the user behavior + probability that a certain QoS profile and service availability is requested by the end-userRadio Access Bearer Att TELEFOCAL _-Radio Access bea*eewrr———s Traffie clase Conversational interactive] Background class class class Maximum Bitrate x x x x Guaranteed bitrate x x Delivery order x x x x Maximum SDU size x x ~| SDU format info x x ~| | SDU loss ratio x x x x Residual bit error ratio x x x x | Delivery of erroneous: x x x x SDUs Transfer delay x x “Traffic handling prio x Allocation/ Retention x x x x “| UMTS Bearer Attributes TELEFOCAL NN + Allocation/Retention Priority: Depending on subscription, admission control prioritizes users on allocating/retaining bearers under overload conditions = Traffic Handling Priority : Prioritizes SDUs of a bearer over SDU SDU's of another of interactive class traffic + Transfer Delay : 96th percentile delay for all delivered SDUs during the lifetime of a bearer service. « Delay for an SDU is defined as the time from a request to transfer an SDU at one SAP to its delivery at the other SAP + Residual BER: Undetected BER of delivered SDUs . If no error detection, itis BER + SDU Error ratio : Fraction of SDUs lost or detected as erroneous + Maximum Bit Rate : Maximum number of bits delivered within a period of time divided by the duration of the period + Guaranteed Bit Rate : RAB attributes such as delay and reliability attributes are guaranteed for traffic up to the Guaranteed bit rate. For the traffic exceeding the Guaranteed bit rate the RAB attributes are not guaranteedUMTS Bearer Attributes TELEFOCAL Peennn Maximum SDU Size: Max. allowed SDU for a PDP context used for admission control and policing control “Delivery Order: indicates in-sequence delivery of SDUs, function of RNC +SDU Format Information: List of possible exact sizes of SDUs «Delivery of Erroneous SDUs: «“.-"=>SDUs delivered without error Conversational/Speech 12.2 kbps 5 Circuit Switched RAB Ee “'yes"= error detection employed, erroneous SDUs delivered with error indication no” error detection employed, erroneous SDUs discarded Attribute Attribute value Tralfic class Conversational RAB asymmetry indicator ‘Symmotrc, bidirectional Maximum bit rato [bps] 12.200 ‘Guaranteed bit rato [ops} 12.200 Dalvery order dolivary ordor requested Maximum SDU size [bit] 'SDU parameters 244 ‘Subtlow 1 ‘Subtlow 2 ‘Subtlow 3 SDU error ratio 7x 108 NVA NA Fosidual bit eror ratio 10% 108 5x 10° Dolivery of erroneous SOUS yes ‘o-orror-dotection consideration no-orrordotoction- ‘consideration 39 0 0 Transfer delay (me) at Binal atibute and if preset itis ignored 108 60 ‘Allocationvtotention priority Source statistics descriptor SpeechConversational 64 kbps Circuit Switched Attribute Attribute value Traffic class Conversational RAB asymmetry indicator ‘Symmetri, bidirectional ‘Maximum bit rate (bps) 64000 ‘Guaranteed bit rate {ops} 64000 Detivery order ‘delivery order requested ‘Maximum SDU size {bit} ‘SDU parameters Residual bit error ratio Delivery of erroneous SDUS ‘SDU format information ‘Transfer delay {ms} SDU size [bit] 640 0° (Arecommended value from TSEN| no-error-detection-consideration 100 Allocation/retention priority ‘Source statistics descriptor ‘Unknown Interactive or Background Packet Switched AB Attribute Attribute value Trafic class Interactive or Background RAB asymmetry indicator Symmetric bidirectional, Asymmetric bidirectional Maximum bit rate (bps) UL 64 000, DL: 64 000 or 384 000 Delivery order delivery order not requested ‘Maximum SDU size [bits] ‘SU parameters SDU error ratio Residual bit error ratio Delivery of erroneous SDUs Trafic handling priority 12016 ‘Subflow 1 1S attribute andi Allocation/retention priority Relocation requirement aneHLR Parameters per subscriber TELEFOCAL QoS profile parameters HLR parameters for defining » Traffic Class service availability + Delivery Order © Service area | « Delivery of Erronous SDU + Maximum SDU size » Maximum Bit rate for Downlink » Maximum Bit reate for Uplink + Residual BER «all networks | © own network | + national networks | © own network and international * SDU Error Ratio near | » Transfer Delay © Roaming profile | + Guaranteed Bit rate for Uplink * subscriber can have a parameter, | + Guaranteed Bit rate for Downlink which allows/denies roaming per « Traffic Handling priority PLM or even per SGSN | Allocation/retention priority © GPRS-CSI | : ts ~ CAMEL subscription | Charging characteristics 5 poe | © Normal subscription \oformation + Prepaid subscription © Short Message Service « Flat Rate subscription -MO/MT SMS + Hot Billing subscription «Subscriber Categories - used in MSC Server Establishment of a Radio Access Bearer FELEFO CAL Compulsory check of attributes: UMTS BS attributes = RAB attributes + Maximum bitrate + Delivery order + Delivery of erroneous SDUS + Guaranteed bitrate + Traffic handling priority + Allocation/Retention priority + Maximum SDU size + SDU format information UMTS BS attributes + RAB atirbutes, + Residual BER + SDU error ratio “Transfer delay Parameter settings only on RAB level: + SDU format information + Source statistics descriptorQoS activation - CS domi The subscriber selects the CS bearer capability (BC) : Speech/Data; Transparent/i\ transparent; TELEFOCAL FreKAS Bearer Capability to RAB parameter mapping is defined by MSC parameters In MTC, BC is received from HLR, and RAB attribute derivation as for Moc [Eadie Noha geting call eit cede QoS activation — PS domain TELEFOCAL een The UE may define the requested QoS explicitly, or request default values (‘subscribed), based on the UE parameter configuration. 2 Act PDP Co FrRAB em pet on freee Reais? Rosey ls navsenp es fc FOP coup Accept Fears Qs fess dsctraee The SGSN checks the requested QoS profile against the subscribed QoS profile (HLR parameter) It runs Admission Control (SGSN parameter) It maps the PDP Context QoS = profile to a RAB QoS profile Wwith use of SGSN parameters control based on GGSN The GGSN runs admissionWhat factors influence QoS? TELEFOCAL yeugrecal, Taare 90? sk romeo ity internal dla geneste by UE tol promng nd ons oe toy 30 On sport sapped HTTP-eson 801) + teeing ropgation delays = application software effects ing/dimensioning effects Why is QoS needed? QoS is needed to: 1, Ensure applications work properly Examplet: Video Streaming. tel proeigaeing Say ‘intr proceinleocang sod T= terminal/NW element HW and SW effects + spared HTP vein (10.1) Application Servers {cosocated t ‘crremote) TELEFOCAL FELEFORAL Good quality Video Streaming needs enough steady bandwidth. Example2: Push To Talk (PTT or PoC) PTTis sensitive to delay. Required bandwidth is onl resources are needed fast (no time for queuing) 2. Reduce the cost per bit ly <0kbit/s, but required Operator has two alternatives to ensure that all applications fr from Background (e.g. Email) to Real Time (Video Streaming and PoC) work properly: a) Over dimension the network b) Deploy QoS (see next slides for an example simulation)Why i QoS needed 3. For Streaming application usability TELEFOCAL ree Operator has 60 Kbits avallable GPRS, EGPRS or WCDMA bandwidth to be shared between end-users using atthe same moment of the diferent applications. In this example MMS, browsing and streaming are used. Streaming clients are assumed to require 20 Kbils (this is for example case with 7650/2650 Real Networks clients) 2 - | 20 kbit/s for | Streaming Te oK | OK MMS user User 15 kbit/s for | OK | OK| 20 kbit/s for >. Browsing user | Browsing user 4 15 kbit/s for | Streaming user 1 Both Streaming OK| _ 20 kbit/s for -) , users suffer Streaming user 1 Sena 2 poor quality | Case 1; No QoS On the left, 3 users in the cell each reserving 20kbit/s resources ‘On the right, 4th user enters the cell and starts streaming => resources are divided “evenly "to all four users => problems for Streaming users Why is QoS needed 3. For streaming application usability TELEFOCAL ; | 2nd To RBIS For | Gy 20 kbit/s for Streaming MMS or browsing OK | OK MMS user uae 10 kbit/s for ox! MMS or browsing | OK 20 kbit/s for 20 kbit/s for OK Browsing user Streaming user 1 , OK! 20 kbit/s for [ 20 kbit/s for OK Streaming user 1 7 Streaming user 2 | Case 2; Priority QoS (=High radio priority given by default from a special APN) {As previously, 3 users in the cell each reserving 20kbit/s resources 4Athuser enters the cell and starts streaming => Streaming is prioritized over NRT applications => all can have sufficient service NOTE: Ifa 3rdStreaming user enters the cell we have the same problem as previously. All streaming users will suffer poor quality or MMS and Browsing resources are taken awayWhy is QoS needed 3.For Streaming application usability TELEFGEAL meen 10 kbit/s for | Dedicated) MINS or browsing | capacity 10 kbit/s for TerminaY’s streaming client requests SSOSN performs access MMS or browsing 20 kbit/s quaranteed bitrate from control with the network (26 or 36 SGSN) BSC or RNC 20 kbit/s for Streaming user 1 Streaming user 2 (for a Ro9 GB terminal) et ee iat, Streaming user 3 Case 3; Guaranteed Bit Rate (Streaming QoS) available In this case the application is informed whether the requested guaranteed bit rate is available in the network Capacity is already reserved and thus Blocking or Alert is showed for the Srduser trying to activate streaming => Other users can continue with sufficient service level. Why is QoS needed? TELEFOEAL 4, For Operator Investment Savings ‘On demand a streaming (14%) Sad ies | Traffic Prioritization allows 211759 more traffic and still keep qo sist srs. Tr. tsk at wth poy O05TELEFOCAL eS QOS Measurement QOS Measurement Types TELEFOCAL I ‘ NE counters OMC counters Measurement field ae a sapped Cal Drive tests SES TKK KER [Esrexogorsonnc CDR: Call Data Re a Capture tool eineMeasurement Tools Typology TELEFOCAL Field measurements 7 OMC Generic Measurement counter Specific tools assiVvi ture tool: System Passive capture tools measurements Calls generators Field Measurements TELEFOEAL Benchmark Drive test equipment ~ service cell and neighbouring cells. ; = radio parameters: RXLev, RXQual, TXPower, DTX, Timing O# ‘Advauce, FER, SQI (voice quality). C1, C2. + current channel : CGI (MCC, MNC, LAC, CD, BSIC, BCCH "ARFCN, TCH ARFCN, Tine slot, Chanel type, Chaael mode (ER. EFR, HR), Hopping Channel, Hopping’ Frequencies. HSN (Hopping Sequence Nusiber). = Map to display the measurenuent itinerary. = level 2 messages (RR-RSP, DISC-CMD, UA-RSP, SABM-CMD. ich Channel Information, System Information Type 6, Report, Sych Channel Information, Paging TEMSexample eqs! Asignement Complete, Handover Complete =) ovorce Measurement tool based on = the TEMS ince: ey 7 PC software with a serial a port forthe data, > TEMS mobile, © GPS receiver. sy oH ora. oFSystem Measurements -OMC Measurements _ reeréeat Analysis based on OMC-R counters « he bass Processing tools ¥ Analysis tools using these counters (generally they are cific). example: RNO or NPA of OI from Siemens, ete + Bivision, ADCMerca, etdct okie, f0r36, Sere naar (Tron) Some tools Specific + Alcatel: RNO Generic + Siemens: SPOTS. * APIC om Metica + Ericsson: TEMS | {Com/on Com Analyzer + Netdet SQM: Nokia + OFPE HP Gr P equipments) 4 System Measurements — Passive Capture Tools TELEFOGAL Examples (1) + Tektronies: K12/1SXX + Network General: Sniffer Pro + NPO + MyCom: NIMS-PrOptima + Tekelec: Steleus 2.5 G (GPRS) and Examples (2) Steleus 3G (Iu interfaces). + HP: Ovis (data services tests, produces KPIs). +RadCom: Network Consultant (A, Gb, Gi, Gn, lub, Tur, Iu, Gi and Gn interfaces) + Trafica (NetAct from Nokia) + Ipanema: Ipanema (2,5 G and 3G data traffic). + Cigale (Astellia): 2 and 3G traffic.System Measurements — Protocol Analyzers _reteroeat K12/15XX From TEKTRONIX: Network interfaces analysis Company Product ] | Nethawk [3G Analyser Agilent _ | Signaling analyser Tektronix [KIS Radcom | Performer analyser Aeterna Telecom Protocol Analyzer TELEFOCAL ee 3G Performance Analysis - QOS Basic Acceptance ep 8 Tn ae MeCluster & Network Acceptance KPIs TELEFOCAL a DD + Some carriers propose two steps approach for network acceptance, starting with a smaller region consisting of 15 to 20 sites named cluster (Cluster Acceptance), followed by the network wide acceptance (market Acceptance). + Acceptance tests are performed generally with TEMS 8.2/ Agilent DT tool and Actix / Exceed post processing tool. + Both coverage and performance tests are covered during the tests + Example of KPIs below (telecom functionality) Ike [rarget \Voice call setup Success rate Ppo8% Ics data call setup Success rate —_—_—‘([>98% Ps: data session Activation Success rate _|>08% DropRate 2% (CS 64kbps data call Drop Rate a [PS 64kbps data session Drop Rate. [e2% * "Target values or demo only Not tobe considered actual Some carers values. Some carriers cluster acceptance/opt 3 drive test cases TELEFOCAL 7 chstr peviee— ype ofa — ode [oom Traaaaed eae we cute, a Banc vera ts nto untae [fuse — voce Ste — [ons ora ana In seeppe oder trove fice —Wotcstssa [ours [issoaee eoverge ade mis nogrtos ise — peer — fons aw as res — [ype a Cal waa [Sommanis a coed testo 3 test pis shostor iiss — vote Sha — outs {reece and sso fest otup Ed —iees tong — fous [tbs Setmizaton testo edu pt a0 AS HEPAT eee aaa chster use [psouue —Juurs [ine amanewado pect series on | — fnprove accent ana rama oe ESDBA UL eae Tost cnees FT Savona pros hour para) [Davies —[fype of Gall" [tiéde” [Comment Sar ou SOC Ward OOO pra are soup fuss eee a arog me aar| [emi soomy it eng dom oe ator| _\ndedsntoran et sz fHSOPA [UMTS tne other, To start after MS2 test [To collect PS performance data_ 7 eves — [ype ofa — [oe Joommanis | fuse — [ests Shor — [ows ame an Tose fies hess — [ours ato one fuse fesounn Jur fine nave nat co pace sonics onCluster/Market acceptance process TELEFOCAL | grant = a RF QOS Performance reporting TELEFOCAL + Plot of measured Best Server RSCP + Plotted along the drive route of the map. + Shows measured best server's CPICH RSCP level so that data analyst can see the coverage problem area. + Plot of measured best server Ec/No + Plotted along the drive route of map. + Shows measured best server's CPICH Ec/No level so that data analyst can see the dominance problem area (low best server Ec/No) * Histogram and CDF of RSCP. + Shows the re ercentage of famples at different received RSCP level for whole drive data. Histogram and CDF of Ec/No . Shows the the percentage of samples at different received Ec/No level for whole riveFirst Step - RF Coverage Check : Delta Plot TELEFOCAL Drive Test is conducted with Scanner Data and compared against the Planning Tool Prediction Data. * “Usually it should be within 6 dB of the Propagation Model value. Large Delta Values are also a good indication of Cross — Feeder Faulty Sites * Delta Plot = RSCP (Drive Test) - RSCP (Planning Too!) Wrong SC Allocations 5 ,= 85,0010 <0.00 (10899) Verification of swapped feeders or other 3 issues TELEFOCAL * Plotting the RSCP for individual scrambling codes can help in identifying hardware and data translation issues where the coverage area of the cell is different from the p- lanned. + This can include swapped feeders, incorrect scrambling codes assigned to the cells, incorrect azimuths and tilts. apr Tend ea PM ©Ec/lo Ver TELEFOCAL TIP: If Coverage is acceptable then check for areas of poor Eclo Pilot Pollution Analysis — Actix TELEFOCAL TELEFOEAL Poin towards [ack of dominance. Happens when too many servers with similar RSCP values are reported. The reasons can be excessive ‘overlap, overshooting sectors, incorrect azimuths etc. Highlights the areas with possible pilot pollution. Two acix defined events are used: eee oe A AEE 4, Pilot Pollution -The pilot pollution ‘event occurs when four or more pilots in the Active or Monitored set have thei: || EciNo > Uu_PilotPollutionThreshold (typically -15 48) Uses relative levels to evaluate | changes to the active set, a different event allows you to visualize pilot | 2.Too Many Servers - Because UMTS pollution relative to the best server. ‘The Too Many Servers event acts like the Pilot Pollution event except with relative levels. The event occurs when four or more pilots in the Active ‘oF Monitored set have their Ec!No within Uu_TooManyServersThreshold dB of the best server (Uu_ActiveSet_EcNo_0), Look at each SC and determine the best way to optimize the area. yh O20 Te ea AE aaUL Coverage Verification TELEFOCAL ade Ome 2 EE, tee urtion wore Se | ee mm Ty wsng UE dng ing we can had te Ua toni pver for problem aes wre LUE camo min the ik guy eo = (Bis) ae] ace eye [i Jie Ju fee fase Joie ve Be] Neighbor List Verification TELEFGEAL @ Neighbour definitions required by cell re-selection and handover ® Soft handovers are based upon intra-frequency neighbour list © Hard handovers are based upon either intra-frequency, inter-frequency or inter-system neighbour lists Each neighbour has a set of associated parameters e.g. CPICH measurement offset @ The critical objective of neighbour list verification is to - @ Ensure that sufficient neighbours are present to achieve the desired coverage performance Future objective — Ensure lists aren’t ieiecsctcl argo © Actix Analyzer is able to suggest appropriate neighbour lists ‘® Strategy for initial system deployment is to place the emphasis upon adding neighbours rather than removing themCombined Neighbor List THLEFGent In the RRC idle state and in the RRC connected sub-states CELL_FACH and CELL_PCH, the UE is reaponsibie for el slecon and re-election tteamps on one cll or itis served by one call. By reading the SIB 11 and/or 12, the UE gets the +Intra-frequency cell info list, sInter-frequency cell info list, and “Inter-RAT cell info lst, In the CELL_DCH sub-state, the RNC must be able to continuously update the neighbour cell lists in order to reflect the changing neighbourhood of a moving mobile station. ‘This is part of the RNC’s handover control. If we have more than one active set cell, which participate in a soft handover, the handover control of the RNC is responsible to combine the lists into one neighbour cell list which is then transmitted to the mobile station. A soft handover only takes place with cells on the same UTRA carrier band. Consequently, the combining of neighbour ists of several active set cals is only required for intra-frequency handovers and has to combined with their measurements. oi 818 Tena ta Mt noe A Neighbor List Combination for Intra-freq HOS —rruercent Sa De DR “The neighbour lists for intra-frequency handover measurements can be composed like this: Stop 1: Active sot cells First the handover control sets the active set cells into the neighbour cell list Step 2: Neighbour cells which are common to three active set cells During the second step of neighbour cell list combination the handover control selects those neighbour cells which ‘are common to all three active set calls, Ifthe total number of relevant neighbour cells exceeds the maximum number ‘of 32 after the second step, the handover control removes in random order those surplus cells from the combined neighbour cell list which are selected during the second step Step 3: Neighbour cells which are common to two active set cells During the third step of neighbour cell list combination the handover control selects those neighbour cells which are ‘common to two active set cells. If the total number of relevant neighbour cells exceeds the maximum number of 32 after the third step, the handover control removes in random order those surplus cells from the combined neighbour cell list which are selected during the third step. ‘Step 4: Neighbour cells which are defined for only one active set cell During the fourth step of neighbour cel list combination the handover control selects those neighbour cells which are defined for only one active set cell. f the fotal number of relevant neighbour cells exceeds the maximum number of 32 after the fourth step, the handover control removes those surplus neighbours from the combined neighbour cell list Which are selected during the fourth step, starting from the neighbours of the weakest (CPICH Eo/lo) active set cell.Neighbor List Combination for Intra-freq HOs Cell 2 Cell 15 SMe Cell 5 Cell 24 Step 2 Cell 7 Gell 2 A we Cell 9 Cell7 Gammon fo 3 Cell 37 Neighbor Lists Coll 54 Cell 48 Cell 49 Coll 4 Gell 9 Cell 41 (Cell 10 Cell 6 Coll 56 Cell 43 Soe ‘Neighbor Cells Lists La ~0° Neighbor Cells defined sini x for only 1 Neighbor Lis iieSoane’, gages | "lent ten | ave Sat yan at ee Analysis Neighbor List Verification @ Process starts directly with the drive test Record drive test results with Agilent Scanner in "TOP N' mode. ‘Analysis within Actix Analyzer (CPICH Scrambling code Ec/To| ‘Scanner Measurement position Scanner Cell ID, cell position, cell azimuth Planning Toot Cell scrambling code Radio Design Cell neighbor list Planning TootNeighbor List Verification TELEFGeAL tt ® Part automatic and part manual neighbor list analysis @ Analysis within Actix Analyzer is automatic and numerical © Analysis requires the definition of a neighbor window (reporting range) which is applied to the CPICH Ec/lo measurements @ Configure the neighbor window as 10 dB (drop window + margin) cen _Stongest _Nelghbors eas tisteas ‘Shari Record drive test results {| with Agilent Scanner in “TOP N’ mode Neighor Lead Analysis within Actix Analyzer > Time sc Cu carer zie Bue | Onret 6c (ran 300 (17 5%) a ogy FS —worv971962 ast 3 “Wooster sre-| — coooroesa SED 1 84 POR] “ie [ Teens aTE—[—o000t0s18 aes 28), 205 22 7H) corecomerama ns merge Analysis » Neighbor List Verification © Analysis provided by Actix Analyzer: @ Consider adding neighbors reported by Actix Analyzer Consider acing © Ifneighbor list is full then consider ours replacing some of the existing suggested by Act neighbors ‘Consider replacing ® Do not remove existing neighbors not oe eee reported by Actix Analyzer without by Adie further investigation Progress to further additionsNeighbor List Verification TELEFOCAL ® Subsequent manual tuning of neighbor list @ Asa minimum define the neighbour list as All cells belonging to that site Congo vu as of nel yur veya nati The first perimeter of cells Cell for which, the neighbour listis being defined which may improve ‘coverage Neighbours Cyt 2208 Tae An 5 ELEFOCAI SHO Summary TELEFOCAL Reporting col | Triggering | Roportng Ranoe! | yng Reporting ee status Condition Hysteresis sere 2, Tiaaey Interval ‘ative sot cols + ‘aon venta | Atvesetcals | onioredsst | Addin | Addon Time | Reporting (eae) i call Windowsas | rMeoms Interval oss Drop Window! vent 18 Drop tine vent 18 | atv sotcoe | Active st cate oy or “ Replacoment mera to eo ; Repent | fastecment | Reporina (Replace) Window2da | timantome | Inorval calls = Reporting events 1A, 1B and 1C (also 6F and 6G) CPICH Ecilo is used as a measurement quantity rather than CPICH RSCP + CPICH Ec/lo measurements are more accurate 1A and 1B reporting range is defined by strongest active set cell 1C reporting range is defined by weakest active set cellSoft and Softer Handover TELEFOCAL + SIB 11 contains the relevant parameters to read when in idle mode + These are valid in connected mode prior to sie receiving the measurement control that overwrites orion mck them wo Vea egtnaont aah 2 ‘spearstnet nora wera! eet om TReporngeatsions: abiciverMentoredSet ticivekaMorsondse wosceiPund ak itv: ob ni pain casey ‘soem 32 tyre: tee fener ea0 ‘epee Bev iat ein ‘recive ste "clacamgrhctnTveshld- 8 eterno: 220 "RepcecalSane:acivetatertaatsee aan gecnmrtons asta 3G Performance Analysis — QOS Detailed ProceduresFamous Protocols TELEFOCAL eins) elu *luPS * Connection to the packet switched core network domain + SGSN/GGSN + lucs * Connection to the circuit switched core network domain + MSC + Protocol RANAP + tur + RNC interconnection for SHO support + Protocol RNSAP + lub + Protocol NBAP *Uu + Protocol RRC, RLC, MAC Layer 3 Procedures TELEFOCAL FELEFCRAN + RRC Setup and RRC release + Measurement Reports + Active Set Update + Radio Bearer Setup and Reconfiguration + Transport Channel Reconfiguration + Physical Channel Reconfiguration + All Call setup and tear down messages (such as PDP Activation/Deactivation, Alerting/Release etc) - These are Call Control and Session Management messages.7 n x” 0 n n co n 1 4 n x“ n 1a xn n a x“ n ca n a n 4 n 1 a x n a n 0 Adsdd5dsd3dsdsassadsasassadsdsdssddsasssasy 3 83d35dd33dS3S3das3addsasdddasssassassasa aseajey-ieAopueH-dnjas ||20- . i jwooadTal aouanbas abessay ¢ 1027]‘poveses SWEU AY ‘Pm a HY ORL SIOZ @ EWES ONIGNVLSYSGNN HOS 9135 SALVY NOILAIdNOD ‘ALVY SSADONS df LAS TIV9 AHL ONINISAG — OINWN39S dN LAS T1V9 SLINN v4 os wv ‘1W904374L2q238 tp OSI HOG Ysligeise 0} pauinbou ssoyewesed ‘et YM HOOD UO 3U9S s} @Bessew dnjag UOHDaULOD Je (099) dmeg uonsouuog Oue :ONe +6 vuorssiuisueN “7a sueis @ pon ‘poniayoe si uonesIuoIYOUAS In 84) 3940 uonestuosyoukg yunidn :ds-HOG '@ “sewey jo0001d Swe Hd ereudoudde ig jo aBueyoxe jo sueow fq 181209 vodsued| 2G an} 24) 405 uoRestUoIYoUAS SOYsIGEIS® ONS PUE G SPON UL opestuosyouks 4UlIUMOG id HOG :L 18 8PON Ul VOTY wos UNUCO YSHAEISS AND Usigesa :dvoTV 9 vodsues1 e1¢0 any OU. “€ @pON veveag wodsued| 20 4) A Buissaippe sox; yodsue, ‘ium “uondeDey AHd SWEIS pue Seainosad aun Se esuodsey dmesg yur o1pey :dVEN y ‘9 @pON ‘piiog aun ssed )po9 Bujquueos In ‘AoueNbey ‘SOL “SL "@ 9PON 0} aBessou sip sPUES ONUS OUL ysonbey dmjog UT olped :dVEN yuewysyqeis3 pue Ainuep} 3N I Iw stu. ysondey woNDeWUOD Oe aBessout ysiy 24] “Jeo O9}0n e ae (4999) ysenbex uonseuUi09 Ou ‘ONY Z seBueyo vonewuoyut ‘aun pees Kuo 81] “AisnonuquoD peas you s} uOeWHOIL UL, “HOO UO yseopeoug s17e4j UONeUUO}UI WOISAS OMN sped! 3N UL | (u poveeas suBu ny FET =ig BEY DOL s1Oze WEMED JOS UOPOBUUOD OYY -ON foeDIPUT GIOIS8Y HUNT OEM =AVEN (HOD) dnsg UoHOSUUOD Fae -ONY ( XL EIS }_—$________—| YoneziucayouAs yulIdn id-l-HOG {|__| hezuoIyoUKS YUIUMOG :d--HOO i S ———— INO Ustges3 ‘dV _ DBe USIGEISS ‘dVOTV j¢—$—$_$____________ esuodsey dies UIT OPeY 'd VEN f XY HeIS ysenbey dnjeg 4UIT O1PEY :d VIN © | + [x] (HOOD) sanbey UOReUOD OY -OWY TOFeUNOsU] WEyS!‘paveser suOuay “PrT=tg 9 Roo}seL S102 @ WENGE [-—_—__________ ja|dwog uojesnByuooey YUN] OPES “VEN “AND YSsHgeISS | Gsenboy uopeoqueyyny] Joysued| 19941 4UlUMOG -OUY! st {______________,| \senbay uonedquayiny] J9)SUeIL Wed 24 :epoqburguengfieund ene rt ny ovpHoleceund PaareroNsutSqo° py: ofujouRDedsepou 1 ernseupanseeybel sez) “Sjpsanesnonoursyeo psmssypenseopbel ett Tol _erineaypanseayal eau sypsaupanseoy ence ypomses pba eee ne | dqusppusuanseous th090-11) voded) osameeon 0): jaqunyysouenba sabessayou 1: quappaotiemeest "zen 070000000000000000000000000: wa) bums dig 9 naunytourbazecessah 2 corners cteososooncconenecansboOuRN Be carn onppaceneon spre nannies S3OVSSAW 31dWVS gone ae Sup petaoe Bi 2 proms papesaIUeS eESEBSLL0 3 Pry6H0}] seer asL0 3 spray ZESCCHLS NAPE ZESC 2018 N2PrEET @8955E 01 =u Gerateen (H090-1n) wodey wouainsesy {ha90-1n) wodst weEEInseo zsn zs ————_—_—_— ‘Wo@d3131 yodoey Jueweinseslya e6ed KON | povesnsaubuny priate ey enya soz @ WELK — Treo T sansa: pamnseou ywowsod sie 0 sara puesd: | mm | een | dnospnusuers vonewogn, fares tanner puso = 184 synso1 pounseow Kovenbouyenul_y Ses'e°Ob 151 since posnseow Ayend yersinea: pamevou wnon web 121 synea peunsoous LyeseIe = J spss pasnsvaw Kouonday sic PFS ST STN SETS a HSUaIISCaPT SOTOHD uondussep sonuewes | puredti | —ninm | _peen | dnoipquowora vonewony sd S¥ HOD Arowug, S| Amun ywowasnseous uo onyea wso8] amp sey 1° GALL « 2H Sey 1199 1829, tayo ane 89838] 249 Se TPO TA 3899, 2“ twowoanseou axp Jo anyea 3th Jo 49pz0 au) ut 39 Due apott s08%4) 39x Yjoq 10} pasn 9q UED tr Amuend) Sunsodoy 013 HOlgD > 0° * 2: epogSuyjquecgérowud ae sor oyrstoi > o tol T A HOIdD ~ eeereeen ene ree “| g ise : et an|_ somnomces 5 eT] Bio) apnea = __«0| soma | ‘ 4 cs 0: Y8IHNAS-OHuNCo See 0] tamaprernee e coun ond anes an prswmouered woe oa = aes rer @ cemmentean| tee | s6-oveBauu | 20 | _d98¥ Holdo<< : an| emt smavace | a ee “apo FDIOHD | ee — | ess nent 0 | a :omppeugtubour tier oe Lao] eunonanne aE | (H990-1N) Boday wewansea) ease eomeey el synsoi penseowieg —_'e'OL Ee ‘Wwoeaatd yodey JusWaiNseson owess Suu IY Brad Ey Ej ShOZe WOW (jeAoWeY/UONIPpy PeUuIqWiog) jueWeoR|dey yUIT OI|PeY - Jeaowey yuI7 O1IpeY « uonippy 4uIT OIpeY + HulMo}|O} ay} JO BUO 9q PjNod jjNsaJ OU « “epow HOC 1149 U! 3N au} o} aepd- jes eanoy Sspues NVYLN + (HO9q) ae1dwog eepdn 32g eAHoY ‘ON EPBCR ne (H99q) @ePdn 38g eAnDY -ONN (HO9Q) (212 ‘qLe ‘ep2) yodey juewesnseay -ONY iwsoaaTa ajepdy yes eanoyst (Gombe ¥>u) UORIPPY HUTT CIPRA=JORODUEH WOR =x ans ese w sep BSNEY! 1000 UH ag so AVIV 5 I =) TT 20433 0070 Bn = ony Jen0pueH YOS evepdn 195 eniioy (6 pur @sdars) uonestanus 1099 yodsu ‘9 a.0j9q 98 29 pina sabessoW asou aE 1 (1 poe 9 dots) so6essous uoneOpU| .010% x ‘jadop siepdr Yas satay aBessow o3p sm SeBPOMOWD voperquog eure podsuel. HO Pee eOeSSBU! YBN sPU98 ONY ‘eRBIEAE 818 Soa:NOSO: PeIsENbeL, qe 719 fovonbay 9g uopewauled Jews pode, HOM 28d 195 YeULO4 vods i5 d¥SN ajyepdy 39s eAloy worse, eimpacoid NVELN owen 282550on povese: subs ay “Br sid BY 120}A| S10z.@ NEKICO ores: smug on p :aqunnsouanbaseseseey-ou ‘wotottotooao00toro¥o10444100 SA9OVSSAW A1dNVS : woaiTal ajyepdy¢ ies sanoyau paves SEY “PF eid Bs ROO} G10z@ WEAKEED eet mit vovewwowe 108s “spew hier ran eno ou tone ineed | feel on 500 fam0 bg Tre eect oon ari |_sonewowu oun, yes apewe son 0 | Hove} uonewou Hogoos sewoymbious tae | a © an sop B49 102 OL Ssingf ope wane cnt | na woe9 0 9 Hosa HINOD 20 cause | Oe nara ape le _gooui vonewoqe wo.Aud | on. qu noigo Aree ToRaaaEF seq | _‘sonvewes sen ‘eu wopeasst re qa omg fn an |___mmauso, vnceeues oy | -auswor vonrenow a] uopauoeonsopueues om__|_psen | dnovonvewer3 voneanou_| an evan somes, oq sewer 7 “an op ome ue a oye pe ap abe "pe 0 KVL ape ae ‘aas%) No “210N aLvadn 13S 3AUOV FZ‘! _woneoyDeds oscnig Due 16E'Sz SLY POEBCG ayepdy¢ 38s aAnoya at e126 Bupeaiigece | Suomt So os 40 omnaodnorgce 0 sno ee man man + gar | 2i| sop e8e8n 9140 Keundce ange exttena age — el “ = J9BO 40} O41 begrejon tit wl ca — Zio aL puede, oon | anespnuns woman | on " ‘dq s0} 4119 :3LON | ~ as - ween, “Oyu Aewy, To] stews aw omnes |__ ci HoIao Reuwa_, oo tear a ee sas Ma peed, | om | ose vongvowpsqurweg_| purs_| nm | _peoy _|_enomnu Voneunon woRDPE WH Ope BoOE'OL ‘vOReUOJUI feACWO, HUI] OIPEY 69'S OL Teal ayepdn jag aanoyconseo0q on 99.0320 a panosa) subs ay “PIT eid By O}ARL S10Z.@ WEUKEED poHf oun steasa oreeor out 40949 HO. jus joey Aue “| _ —t aw Sa | ebessan aw adks obessow aouer9j01 oueu sate, | om | psn | dnosqnvawerg wonewsoyy_| NV an 2 HOO :PuUENP [F WV :dVS-OTL paroyduroa useq seq arepdn ays an £q quss stu [uo ddd 104 | =3L0N FLBIdWOO 3LVGdN LAS SAILOV. 7701 “epIs NVULLN eu) Uo Spue ainpesoud ey _< pue ‘(9 pue (q eseo Ulan 24 0} enowes 0} payeo;pUl axe JUN pes enowes Aew NVELN SW Gnd ws ‘0 suisuoo ebessow 1S3D3R NOLLOSNNOD OW EET wouuysiqeise voRDoULCD Ou Ee toneoyioedg joooiold obra, 1°67 G1 U Payee ‘sneo weuAysygesa AINUEPI 37 FEN 'sIO.OWEIEd HOOD yeenbey uopaeuu0g Sey Bulpues fq uoweUNED Jess Ue Jo dr28 82 ng = 30 [wouusyarea vouoeucn ox WwoeaiTad ysanbay uolj29UUOD 9YMYei Ze :eporBuquenghieund — sBUaY Pra Bev en sicz@ MEMEO poleeyimtd Paupeasepau {ol eHHOvURPSCHON eapeioeoo Se: ON23-4oIdo nose :Aquenpausincesus py : opujouoadcepow Ieareuayesianuogsunet ezse'96 110 3 9pm6u07 2892 2P2S_N SPA ontoy who a (H999-TN} Wenbay woRgeUuES JHU 3OVSSAN J1dWvS zsH Hooo-In quowysiqeis3 ysonbou Teneo waunyees “Aylan. 37 hil Seiowerea HOOD wo abessaw ssenbey vorrouuog o¥y Oupuae Aq uojaouues Ou Ue jo dries seienuy an aL “b wuouysiqes3 HOO EL wowysiansa voyooWWEQ ON EL soinpoooig SuneUbhg Lo sordwex SUONDUNS NYBLN LE6-SZSL onye=3n twonpeuL09 Oe uonseuuog out eanpesoid NVYLN | owen eBessen, seems: :»s_[—S_ wreaatal ysonbey uo daUuU0D OYYNVR ou Aa ebesseu 1S3NOT NOLLOZNNOD Owe Ue JO UONdeDeY YEE voneoyeds leootald Oe, :L£e°Sz SLU PONG € ‘(evondo) ‘fovanboy quouisynbay atepdn Agedeo LAND "LLNR! fea sorawsed #090 wo ue des wonton a Be UND LINE BLE LNEE ER sete20ye pu UoqDoUue9 OR 3 20] HOVAIHOV 959 & S9PHOP ONES SUL neo news fan 3n eet ume 1HOO9 uo eBessew yeanbay Luonsuueg oy Supues fq uoHs2LUGD ORR UE Jo dns soreNU! 3M UL + ‘ompeooud si 0} 01d poysigeiss 81 HOV-/HOVE at 2 31809 vodsue1s #1eq an] essanau ou) tn Si 2jdwexo sug 1} aysinbavedd y yeuUeYp vodsueN LVoUUice HOW-/HOVE et} Uo LogeeuUc® OuN UE Jo 1LOUUSHGEISS sHOYS BICUIEX® SK woursiaeis3 HOVAIHOVE zex panosa! SuBs IV “Pei BY 20}991 $162.0 EHldeD ‘an ©} NUS wos HO00 Uo IU9s s! mag UONaeUUOD OY aBeSE—HY ‘ojssiWSUEN 7a SUES @ OPON UUs "YoRESIUOSYOUKS ‘nid pus uopesiuoAyouRs yuljumod saise (0001014 awe HOG Sleudoudde aig jo eGuayox Jo suBew Aq soe yodsuesL 16C1Jn| pe Qn a4 20; USILORYoUAS YSIARISe ONS PUP A SPON SUL-OrS '@ 9PON Aq poBpemouroe S| s8¥ee9 Yodsue!| #80 gh JO dO Butsn s0,e09 y0dsued) ete an eq ani 243; (fanuap) Buipura ZT¥y ‘sun ‘fue aa) p00 up yeunoy vodsues, 9 ddmog yur o1pey a6essow dyeN "dies 09 0151 HOG e UOUM, "uooauuoo O4fy au 20} s9ounosas o1pes DUE LAN SOIEOOE “uoqosuuoo Sey Sh JO} HOG ® 88 o1 S3PIO8P ONS SUL, z WoUYSIMESZ HOO PEL 9 YSGEISS HOM - WOWYSHGESS 5) UBUNISIAESY YORU NEL IS UO Soyduexg SuONOUNY NVULN LE6-SZSL dnjeg uol99uUU0D ONYW2oddTaL dnjes = uongeuu09 ouNvz vo40sv ‘W90d373L ‘pavesar suOu iy “FIT eid BEY OL S102 @ YoUKAOD = NLS NOLOSNNOD OB OF'ZOL dnjeg uoloeuU0D OYMYia ‘2203 weuambocsapdnaAacee=os ci wouembeune aaron v t s v 1W9043 74k eckimuecnedem _snBuddeyeowesgroi6o F910 Enbulsdoyea nist MP endnasuoneuowret 2 tenor ea won ‘eee ‘G04 14 “ripaueg yooIg Bue O ‘ane | dnjas uo dNLIS NOLLOANNOO OWN OF'Z'OL 99UU0D ONY‘passes WOU IY “FF aig HY oopseL S102 @ WEUtdED aor TS = ena rn : penteniaatree th eae | ce-sueted an aa sopuoew ecmurueg | sored | ann | peo | doesgyemng wpmal sesso peo Kg porayesateog o4ped a 20 Ogun uoH Anuepl ay gy'eO scaityooo sf powet4, 1H PEPMBU SOK oNERIOESHLL—ALON og goer in go Aa000, ebayer ‘efddpmaagsobere —Fragamapanr ur soyoods anor Ineo oudustop soquewes | pursdty | nw | peony | dnoson mas 0) uonewuou gy Bul oF sen | _‘Sonseuos runn | pseu | anospnusuers uonewou 11990 sPouRg HoT fe avsor vas dNL3S NOLLOANNOO OMY OF'z'OLoz Vv 1 $ v ‘W20d37aL ‘suossssuegas vo" ¥eVl J2ye OU0P 04 eye eunpaoaid 960i ‘pos st .PIEDSIPON. J seyng OTe 918 eBreyosip 9} SepouU=LENG o| nse snysmmun|ousses Subs IY “Br sid Wey o9}e4 $102.0 BUKdoD) SASS | txinum ard ne 31] “eat seta onanan naa |tet pe eppeyeulie:vomnonyanesue torounop neue ape egpaeuievomsuionenestie5, onewwo pes gah voxounaoe¥s oouonnssiovencd 1 vopounoupesnosenos 08 ta ose vars 5052 uy uoden es ‘Sarcues ‘anew su ada opduco vovinb op SoU bagevbigoauewon ‘sajeubis bal euiad$. soaLit 7 oy: omaoadsopen k SpapcenuoueD | | yes uoneuawen yeuvosvodsues, — 0z'9°¢°0L 0 1 94h eoubjeuee an id 908g uegce on sou noornee qoesa wav 7 | ec | z peasy Uonewoju|esYO 198NOd SEO | 0 uggobone a Oo TT wos an | pen | snesgauauarg vonrwsoyu, 0 | _uonewoju rssyo s9Mogece sjeuueus yodsuen wos uonewsojuy jouuey> yodsuer IN Fz'S'E'OL OL do | Auigedes oyoods warsks 3n ‘Sjueulsje uoneULOjUT FORO eevee OL UO!SUB}XS voisuarxe go Augedes seeooe o1pes 3 go. Aygedeo ssa0oe o1pes 3 ‘UIBWOP NO St lu) pesn eq o} enjen LuVLS a AMVIS< wyewiop NO an Ayquop! urewop No< ‘sujewop opNoxeus> 1 ue 40) sonen [ov] LUWLS. ob an SIL LVS SECT Or “J9UNU9PI uonsesuen, ‘ouM an seyquepy uopoesuen Oe Huewey woneuTOjUT aN aoKL abessayy an edh1 obessowy ‘souss8yo1 aueu uondissep sonuewies: pue oA pW een, dnospjuewe!3 uoneUOyUL NVULA © an wwonsanq, HOO sTeuueyp [eoro7y uoneoyjoad WV :dVS-OTE Seema eee "An at Aq wonsaut0D Jey auf Jo 1uSMIyST|qEIsS oWp SuIALFUOD SBeSSOU SILL Owe. “LEESZ SL v4 os Vv ‘W20d77kk ALAIMNWOO dNLAS NOILOANNOO OWN 1y'7 Obset pavosas BU IY ‘9a BEY 2O}L $102 @ NEMSED “gvy eu} Hoddns 0} NYY.LN pue 3/N Usemyeq dnjes s! Jeleeg OIPeY + “JN pue e109 usemjeg dnjes s! (1aJeeg Sse00Vy O1PeY) AVY « Jeieeg sse20y O1pey :dVI (H99Q) ae\dwWo5D dnjag Jeseeg O|pey ‘ONY (H99Q) dmesg se1e0g OIPEY “ONY Teieeg SS005y OPEN -dWNVY wedital dnjeg Jeieeg olpeyset ‘oveses su6u ny ‘711g BBY e20RIL S102 @ wEAKEOD (uonesnByuooed Jeu) O7yY se yons) dnjesg gy Joye Joreeg oIpey au} Jo UOeNByUoDAaY - HOG 0} HOWS ‘HOW 0} HOG “8! yoyMS edA| JouUeYD - soleusos Bulmo}|o} 84} 10} Sund00 UOHeINByuooeY gy « (994) e12|dw0D ucpEiNByuosey seLeEg OIPEY :DNY (90a) uopesnByuosey se1e9g OpeY :ONY Iw29a3Ta uoneinByuosey Ja1e0g OlpeYyTransport Channel Reconfiguration TELEFOCAL a RRC: Transport Channel Reconfiguration (DCCH) RRC: Transport Channel Reconfiguration Complete + Transport Channel Reconfiguration procedure triggers the Channel Rate Switching. 64K <-> 128K <-> 384K Physical Channel Reconfiguration TELEFOCAL RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration (DCCH) RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete (DCCH) + Physical channel reconfiguration procedure is used to establish, reconfigure and release physical channels. + Used to enter Compressed mode before IRAT, HSDPA Cell ChangeRRC Connection Release TELEFOCAL IRRC: RRC Connection Abnormal Release (DCCH / CCCH) + When the RRC Connection is released, the UE will be in IDLE mode. Radio Bearers will be released. + RRC Connection can be released abnormally if Example Voice Call Flow (MOC) < TELEFOCAL |; RRC Connection Request (CCCH) RRC: RRC Connection Setup (CCCH) 'RRC: RRC Connection Setup Complete (DCCH) RRC: Initial Direct Transfer - CM Service Request (CCH) RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer — Auth & Ciph Request (OCCH) 'RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer - Auth & Ciph Response (DCCH) IRC: Security Mode Command (CCH) RRC: Security Mode Complete (OCCH) RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer - SETUP (DCH) IRRC: Downlink Direct Transfer — CALL PROCEEDING (CCH) IRRC: Radio Bearer Setup (DCCH) RRC: Radio Bearer Setup Complete (DCCH) ‘ALERTING (DCH) RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer - CONNECT (CCH) [-RRG: Downlink Direct Transfer— CONNECT ACK (DGCH) | FRRG: Measurement Control(OccH) —=S=~=~=“*‘*~*“~*~*~* Measurement Report (OCCH) RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer - DISCONNECT (DCCH) RRC: Direct Transfer - Release a Frenc:_upink Dive Transfor=Ralease ompiete(0GcH) arc: uplink Direct Transtor—Reloase Complete (0ccH) Cd er tah Ee ee oreExample PS R99 Call Flow TELEFOCAL FELEFORAL RC Connection Request (CCH) RRC: RRC Connection Setup (CCCH) ERC Connection Satup Complete (DCCH) RRC: Initia Direct Transfer - CM Service Request (DCCH) + Downlink Direct Transfer — Auth & Ciph Request (DCCH) Uplink Direct Transfer - Auth & Ciph Response (DCCH) IRRC: Security Mode Command (DCCH) RRC: Security Mode Complete (OCH) RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer - SM ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT REQUEST (OccR) RRC: Radio Bearer Sotup (OCCH) IRC: Radio Bearer Sotup Complete (OCH) RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer — SM ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT RRC: Transport Channel Reconfiguration (DCCH) BRC: Transport Channel Reconfiguration Complete (OCH) RRC: Moasuroment Control (DCCH) IRC: Measurement Report (OCCH) [RAC: Measurement Report (PCPH) RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer - SM Deactivate POP Context Request RRC: Direct Transfer — SM Deactivate PDP Context Accept (DCCH) RRC: RRC Connection Release (DCH) nt 0 ed a ws Example HSDPA Call Flow < JRUCsAL RRC Connection Request (CCCH) RRC: RRC Connection Setup (CCCH) RRC: RRC Connection Setup Complete (DCCH) (occh) gi Downlink Diet Taster = SM AGIIATE PDP COMTEXTACCEE_ RRC: Measurement Report (ota) (OCCH) RRC: Active Set Update (OCCH) RRC: Active Set Update Complete (CCH) RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration (CCH) RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete (OCCH) RRC: Measurement Report (otd) (OCCH) RRC: Active Set Update (DCH) RRC: Active Set Update Complete (OCCH) RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration (OCCH) RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration Gomplete (DCCH) SyExample IRAT Handover (PS) ruerécan RRC: Uplink Direct Transfor — SM AGMMAT—DEDAICONTEXT REQUEST (OccH) RRC: Radio Bearer Setup (DCH) IRC: Radio Bearer Setup Complato (OCH) ownlink Bir - BMACT CONTEXT ACCEPT. [RRC: Transport Channel Reconfiguration (DCCH) RRC: Transport Channel Reconfiguration Complete (OCCA) —___—s |[RR: Measurement Control (OCCH) > IRRC: Measurement Report (otb) (DCCH) RRC: Active Set Update (DCCH) RRC: Active Sot Update Complete (DCCH) JRC: Transport Channel Reconfiguration (CCH) i [RRG: Transport Channel Reconfiguration Complete (OCCH) oer jeasurement Report (e RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration (OCCH) Ve 'RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete (OCCH) RC: Measurement Control (CCH) RRC: Measurement Report (03a) (DCCH) (OCcH) ef ©88Tane Aat amt CS IRAT Handover (Core Perspective) . een RANAP: Relocation Required BSSMAP: Handover Request BSSMAP: Handover Request Ack IRANAP: Relocation Command IRR: Handover Access RR: Handover Complete RANAP: Iu Release Command RANAP: lu Release CompleteExample H ISDPA/FACH lur Handover TELEFOCAL FELEFORAL, pep me (ocem) (occH) RRC: Measurement Roport (et) (DCCH) IRRC: Active Sot Update (DCCH) RRC: Active Set Update Complato (OCCH) ING: PnyiacRrowaitian ct |QBECH) RAC: RaginfipcratiaanuiauniantowrolsigiXGQwtcH) RRC: Gell Update (CCCH) RRC: RRC Connection Release (DCH) RRC: RRC Connection Request (CCCH) RRC: RRC Connection Setup (CCH) RRC: RRC Connection Setup Complete (DCCH) RRC: Radio Bearer Sotup (DCCH) RRC: Radlo Bearer Setup Complete (DCCH) er Pes or Sead Ces TELEFOCAL FELEFORAL ee 3G Performance Analysis - Network OptimizationQoS Optimization Life Cycle TELEFOCAL “SRF adjustinent a +Miatenance'nd upgrade *Netiiprk: expansion a Customized and Aeeatited| ‘Aull SPL analyst recor Conpits RF plan review Construction phase Booming phase Mamrephose Time ‘Troubleshooting Potential Seeking Balancing Chit Chat — The Basics TELEFOCAL “Meanwremant Plat Wasa oo Wat olor ‘est server RSCP Tmeasoed CPIGH RSCP level Gn dBm) | Any sea with RSCP of leva than this devign tecshold is consigned @ ‘ofthe strongest serving cll weak coverage wet he RE Planning Guidelines Teguiement fr invest RSCP for AMR voice i “100 / 99 ‘lm (ender specific) Best server Relivo Taearwed GRIGH Boe evel (a dB) of | GFIGH BciMo i the most important meamwemen in WCDMA for ‘he stronger serving cell ‘otwork planing aod optimisation pupores. TE it ‘hecrescally equal t2 SCP divided by the tolal wideband feceived power (RSCPIRSSD. Low Ee/Mo ir the seeult of ‘were tade under walonded conditions, they reprarent a8 rmeanwements Any coverage holes, whih exist for the Primary Scrambling Code of the | Calle at cower a much biggre (or much rmaller) area compared toe Seeman (Calle ta stershoct beyond the This pls a coamained” " i ead) Sn sestied | Cae wth yl RSCP or Bo within trast eve wea SC “4 best server RSCP ‘measured CPICH RSCP level (in dBm) | Swong 4” ben server RSCP, say greater than -95 dBm — a potential | defined RSCP threshold ‘excessive number of srong pilots An RSCP theeshold of say 5 db unay be defined UE Te Power “TUE Tr Power level Ga dom) | Areas where the UE i wanemiting o higher power due to increased plink interference, UE issuer, hocdware suet elated te ae where sof andotl / soles Requency ov IRAT band Seit a Titer. | Sasswed area where bandof® activity 1 | Teaiy eT A ATT TF RT heThe causes for the failures can be classified into three groups: + RF planning-related, + network-related + tool-related. Technically, job of the RF engineer may be limited to fixing only those that fall in the first category but the rest still need to be properly documented and referred to the concerned departments for their action. RF Planning problems TELEFOCAL Snr ‘As the name implies, RF planning-related faults have something to do with the radio environment and the related cell / RNC parameters. A myriad of reasons can be the culprit but the usual suspects are: Inadequate downlink coverage, poor dominance, pilot pollution ~ chances are, many of these faults are directly related to the same problems detected during the Layer 1 analysis Inadequate uplink coverage, uplink interference — Uplink power control is responsible for keeping the Inadequate uplink coverage, uel tie anc power amen neoded. Areas ure RSCP is good HEI CE" power 6 igh (6-910. dem} are stone of raco problome in he upink path, such as sues wih the Node 8 Rx. The installation of an MHA may be one of the possible solutions to attain good uplink Sevjaie, One over hand; pink nterence may Bethe Wave, hs 8 easy read and von Fom we Ue messages. Missing or one-way neighbors — 2 more critical error in WCDMA than in GSM, as they almost inevitably ead to dropped calls as soon as the pilot of the missing neighbor dominates. Rapid field drop — e.g. around building comers or natural obstructions. ‘Slow handovers — caused by inappropriate handover window parameters ot neighbor lists that are foo Brey het aes Lp ebhcckad by ine handover trigger parameters based on plot eciNo for nalghbor addition, removal or replacement. ‘Scrambling Code interference ~ Can be resolved by changing the cell primary scrambling codeNetwork problems Network-related faults can be due to: + Outages and hardware faults ~ in Node B, transmission, RNC or part thereo, including sleeping cells and T1 Issues + Core Network faults ~ caused by board / software failures in MSC, SGSN or other core network entities + Insufficient hardware — caused by lack of hardware resources such as Channel elements or radios + Installation faults — crossed or wrongly terminated feeders, One of the most difficult to detect are cases here two Fx feeders were accidentally swapped across diferent sectors. Diversity alarms and T/RX imbalance scripts should identify these problems, + System software bugs ~ RNC trace data can provide more clues for this type of problem + Operational intervention — e.g. when an active serving cell is manually reset or blocked causing call failures andlor call drops Alarm logs coming from the NMC will be valuable reference for these network-related failures. They must be regularly gathered during the cluster tuning period and should contain the status of each site in the cluster driven, any service affecting alarms or other minor/majoricritical alarms and 1 error information Tool Problems FELEFOCAL —$—$$ st Sometimes the tools that were used during the measurement or post-processing also contribute to the errors: + Software bugs causing either the handset or the data collection program to momentarily hang during the test — in some tools, the so-called flat line measurement display is an indication of this phenomenon (eg TEMS) + Incorrect tool settings as to how a fault is pegged — for instance, some call drops shown by the tool may not be real drops. This can occur both for the drive test collection and post-processing tool + Miscellaneous faults like loose connectors, broken rf lines, discharged batteries, etc + Incorrect Attenuation settings could be the cause of poor UL / DL coverage and other call related issuesGeneric Call Analysis Flow TELEFOCAL A__ Possible Actions/Solutions 1. Antenna Tilting 2. Antenna Panning 3. Change Antenna Type 4, Change Antenna Height 5. Change CPICH Tx Pwr Currently X= Max As size=3 for Nokia Nee Desired Ec/No targets (planned Threshold> Amount of Scrambling Codes > X Pilot Pollution No Dominance Area OK Aggregated to Peak Multi-path Problem RF optimization — Block A: Possible actions In block A, check if the cause for call setup failure is CPICH RSCP and Ec/No coverage problem + The received best server's CPICH RSCP and Ec/No will be compared to the coverage thresholds at the location where call setup failed and if best server's RSCP or Ec/No is less than the thresholds, coverage optimzation will be performed. The thresholds of RSCP and Ec/No depend on UE senstivity + CPICH RSCP coverage threshold = -105 dBm + CPICH EciNo coverage threshold = -15 dB + The proposed coverage improvement solution should be verified with simulations from a planning tool. This gives the approximation if the changes meet the expected results.RF optimization — Block A: Possible actions TELEFOCAL + The area that does not meet one of the following criteria is defined as coverage problem area and dominance problem area respectively. + Coverage problem area: Best server's RSCP < -105 dBm + Dominance problem area: | Best server's CPICH < -15 dBm Physical optimization - Antenna TELEFOCAL + Antenna tilt or orinetation change is needed mainly if: 1, Theres interference created by an overshooting site 2. Thereis lack of coverage or dominance + Tilt can be electrical or mechanical and both with their advantages or disadvantages. . Tilting activity should be followed by a drive test to evaluate the impact of changes . Decisions should be made based on scanner measurements. + UE measurements can be used, but they can sometimes lead to wrong results like due to a missing neighbor.RF Optimization — Possible methods TELEFOCAL Teron Tuning method for Tuning method for Coverage Problem Dominance Problem Priority + Upttilting of serving cell to extend + Downtilting the interfering cell coverage radius and improve the that generates pilot pollution. coverage in desired area. =D the CPI Increase the CPICH power of the the interfering See Power of serving cell Change antenna azimuths to address the coverage holes. = Change antenna azimuths of the cells generating polution * Change antenna type: Can be = Change antenna type: Can be replaced with a high gain or larger replaced with a low gain or low beamwidth antenna. beamwidth antenna. + Increase the height of antenna, = Decrease the antenna height but the risk is that it adds of the interfering cell undesirable interference in the other cells TELEFOCAL a OPTIMIZING RRC SET UP AND ACCESS FAILURES CS AND PS DROPUMTS Optimization TELEFOEAL + Understaning the failure analysis is divided into + RRC Setup Failures + RRC Access Failures * CS RAB Drop + PS RAB Drop RRC Setup Failures TELEFOCAL RRC setup Failure distribution ad 1. Admission Control is the dominant factor in the most loaded networks (correction in Node B SW) 2. Some failures linked to sleeping cell)\ 3. Failure due to incoming SRNC Relocation (critical because reason is not identified yet) 4. Failures for lack of capacity in Node B and lub Can O88 Tae A a 7io panosas euBs ny “Bai SEY Ies0}L $102.0 WBUKSCO re [ 841 WeF dis" wos” a14L3 9€-2o10n" 80" Hey ‘dis Ges Siq-AUOS 80 yey dhs ge] oo fk gf § § siaqunoo aigetqniye | yoojeaigellene Id Ayoedeg |00d ON [eee tes epeibdn Ty—S eiey 1e4 voUppy TH+] foedeo g OpON 40 ye] s901nosei yBnous jou :seinjiey dnyeg ONY Ta woo4aTa‘pauses SYBWIY “PIT ald Sy ROOIL S102 @ WOHGED IO JO YOR] 0} anp jou ave seinyey dnjes Ty au} Jey} Bulueey| ii OOL ~ eve e10u} Ajloedeos jood Buryseyo seounosad y6nous JOU, esneo YIM saunjley dnjes yUIT OI|PeY UM SaMsue g SPON OY L 3 seoinoser YBNOUe 1Ou 2 eanjey anes vesr9) %00 b %0'0 L %0'0 L ‘9 Seounosai“yBnous jou %0'0 z ‘3 Seoinosei" yBnous jou 23 Seoinosai Brows” jou NOSVau GSTIVIad INO a 8g ‘3 Seoinoser YBNOU anys amas a Nosvae INO S90NNOSAJ AH JO WOuS UOHeINDIUOD gq @PON HUOIM se0Jnosei yBnoua jou :sainjiey dnjes ONY 7 Vv \V3Od3 73. =< qsol paves) SuBuIV “FFT =ld EY RIL SiOz NBHIEED dSau LON ®Pon Ta Tivs das $49}UNOD qn] WOJ4 payoelei s! UONISULOD OYY eu} Saudxe Jew!) Jaye ‘dnjeg UIT OIpeYy 84} 0} Jemsue JOU SeOP GEePON eYL 9s OU} UO We|e ON TEP EO 068e opaIKe 10 To Gequ woiy dsr ou THM SLL %6'0% 866e oO payidxe sew!) 9-9 dequ woy dses ou osiq wre 8169 Spaudxe uN 378" dequ"woyy-dsai"ou ebejueqeg [ouenbey | NOSVSY G3TV1Sd LNO NOSW34 LNO- ee IS ]}2o buideajs Wega dequ wo asuodsa, ou :seinjie4 dnjas Duyivaig esy Roo} S102 @ wbutdog v9 ponesas TSE LOPE wa SNVUL TIvt dis Od ‘OVO au} Aq payedoyye jou ‘@ue seounoseu podsued | Wow aa onevesfteanoser THONSTORE f bux lmsnav] pisewy] pyo] “ree wo] ise] [an ‘ONY (wy) sia (QOW) gn| 4eA0 dnjes ouejd Jesn ZIVV “OVO. sake} Z1VV ONY 0} enp pajyoafas SUONOSBUUOD 8} JO BIEME you ese suajunod BuljeuBis 8} pue |e ye peye}s jou si aseud Huljeubis ay} ‘ey suopoe OVO eu} JI + “A\Buipsoo0e seosnosal sj! eBuewe 0} GSPON Sys ONY pue payejs si Buljeubis ayy ‘peye|dwios A\jnjsseoons ese suojoe OVD eu} JI + “BuljeuBis esojeq auop ase saounosad (yjed Z TV) [eUse}xe pue JEUJ9]UI ONY JO} SuOHeAEsel OVO |I2 JeU} JapsO YoNs u! pewuoed s! UOeAIeSes eouNosel BY] + IweodaTa1 uM 3e gn]Ea passes Subs “PrIsid BEY ORL S102 @ WEAKEED ‘QUIS OU} 0} parayo oyjeu} ou} eseedep Jo Ayjoedeo ey; puedxe =“ xn ZIvVe8SN UoIss|WSUeL} 0} oNp sunjle} UOHeINByUode, JO JoquINU 84} Eyenjers “| €SNvelLoend - yduos oy} 9}2010-a1 pue ajejap Bulpuodse, jou JOPON euyyesed Ul “GS @u} 0} parayo oye} ey} eseaioap Jo Ayoedeo ey} puedxe = “7 uoNeoo||e dSM Pur WM Jo Sue} Ul UOReINBYUCS GepON 9949 “E S]UEW9|9 |BUUBUD Jo YOR] S}ENjers 0} J@psO U! | Myoedeg joogesn “Z gounosel GepoN Suyjooyse|qno.} Jo} S}qy Pue (2uN|!2} "JUD yUl| o1pes) SJ9}UNOD qYGN SeN|/eae “| € Gepon op eng - JeonLo s} seunjle} Jo Joquunu ayy J! joNUOD UOISsIMPY TN eIqesid “L Ayoedeo oipes epes6dn 0} paau 9 seyids semod 7/f <-) Jamod 7q °g eoUsIeLeU! 7 1 HOOK Oy OveNG + (seunyiey UoeoOjay ONYS Suiwoou| }201dA}) pepaeu s| uoNoe uoHesiwijdo ou juewow oy} }e CONNO}eENG 2S] J0}OR} JUBUILWOP OU} eed U] suoseel ainjiey Buowe UoNNQUIsiIp ey} ayenjeazg jana] [190 32 Gunes dmesg OuY eyenjeag Jo yney & SI = NO ean iwoeaaTad Asewiwng ainjie4 dnjyas ONY991 v 1 $ v 19043731 paveses SuBsIV “Pr sid BEY (20; S102 @ WBUKEO pou woyTdsei“ou STsw Oo. ‘you ou ST uopoeeses" 90 m ‘ST eunyey ope ztuosyouks oeoepeIUT oIped seunyted 29y OMY LONY. ‘70usTou F-uond9josar "ynejep oT asnyey vonemuonyouks ‘Sredepeur ones B YoRNAuysip eines Sse99y DUN soinjie4 sse00V ONYPousses SuBu IY “BL Std BW 20} aGe1eA00 7/9 >> e6eJ8000 7q- e@6e18000 1q >> e6eJeAoo 7): ease a6eJ9A00 peg ul dnjas |/e0° “saunjie] Sse00e QYY Jo Bulseyns s| YoIYM |}99 OU} JO} SOUBDS B/q!SSOd> eet Eo ETS] FT SRAET HAT ) spe" wonsyepYdeqa paseajel .SOPDN Ups toRO;pu oNeZIUOILOUFS‘aVEN 28021 OU S809 ANS tit IweeasTal youdg 17] seinjiey ssed0Vy ONY‘soo somo sane sworaa09 D48'Daa| Pavose) Subs IY “PFT =ld BEY RL $102.0 NBUGCD (aouaJap9}U! 10) aBeJBAO9 Jo YOR] TF pue Ajayuysp Ss! SIUL - 1]2M se 7A ey} pue pauinboe ueeq sey uoesiuoiyouAS 7q 84} Jey} Ouns ale 8M BSed SIU} U| - See ="¥8 (82 6661) #9" wonayap PT deg | —sermaerasy — |*\ sana ar ero SRE Sa THE (peyewerou! eq pinom Ode) @sIMIaY]O GEPON WO perleded s} UOHeDIpUl UOHEZ! peseajai s} UoNDeUUOD OHNE (Ss: 3N wo Hsu 313d OD dN.LAS NOLLOANNOO TTD TT TT Bb (22 ZE'6S Pl) # woREMORENKS | deqy 02 (9 1E6s+ sar deuae Yr dega 6S 1651) Bee YBegue--> [14 OOW NNOO O84 jCUYUAS id YEN YEU A101 ) J8WA ONY reweyU! uINyl Huy @nl9921 Jou Seop ON! | vis v 19043731 SIN Seunjie4y sse00V ONY691 paveses subuy “Pr aid EY Roa} SiOz WHEE (asneo ey} Jou si sousJa}9}U! 7/7 J!) Iq pue 7N eoue|eg Oo} Jepio Ul BoUeU!WOP ||99 pue HOldO Eun} aHe1anog 1q >> ebesen0D INCSINOENG + (uIWAEpUD JO) UIWJENbO SA JOSUOVHJENOLHO!dd euN} Jo (jepow JN uo spuadep Buiun}) | 0} 7 Woy ZLEN eoNpal ES LLE OS JO} B} JedIPOLed ZV€ OS 30 UORIPPY @P 9°9- = ONDF OL OS “P21 (LS 6 Eh:60) 8398 oRapap HT dequ PIT UCL Eb 60) nods quswisMseawt TS 6. EP 60) Hoda wuslsnseswy <-~ SOT # COT BT EF: TSI) ep 60) Doce euaEMseauy <~ BEFWOT EP OO) Hoos yaWEMseS <— POETS FBO) Hoc STEP EO) DodayuaaMnseany <~ BF TER <— COREG! EP 60) Hodsyqustiainsesty aUEINSeaw <~ BSP Ter. USM PLEULEET EP GU) Mode que SINSEST £9 (1S E1 E460) ya" Hoppe pH deqa 99 (SP ELEp'60) § Isenb} voo0os v 12304373) ap GZ = ON9F ZLE OS BL X <— RUPE Er —uSWEN WW “PTAs Sy RoR S102 @ wEUlde 97L OS | =SV (4210) D7y wos esuodsa ONat pausces WEI Fm “ASV eu) spuss ONY ey} Jaye (Jew) |eWeyul) sg xoudde Bsw aseejed UOIOSULOD OY YIM peseejai oq USYo ||/M leo 8uy pue einpaooid NSyjodei jusWeinseewU ay} U! SINdDO SIY| “SyUl| BuN}S!xe JO sso} ‘Aresodwie} esneo ues sjuewjsnipe Bulwy gn] pue joeJ09u! e1OjeleU} ese S]USWeINSeOW Bulwiy unoquBieu ayy Se ONY eu} U! PEUYSP }eU} O} ||99 JUBIEYIP B Senses 4 + swwe|qoid Buluue|d snoqyuBleujepoo Bul|quiesog °Z + ((nsv) e¥epdn jes aanoe Juenbesgns ealede Jou se0p Bf) pue Apjoinb Aiea JaJaayu! Sewu0deq Jes eAtjoe 0} pappe eq O} 1129) suonipuos BuiBueyo-jse4 + sso| eBessew 0} Buipea| Ayjenb ul] 100g + :SUOMPUOD 4Y “| « sounyle} Siu} JO} Sesneo payUEp! Z aJe G1SU | « EEE EE EEnEnSnEEEnnnnn TwooaiTal 97a NOI 3SNOdSay ONsul ese: SUB IY “PF eid Bey ROO}RRL S10z0 WBHKSED syuewUosAUe Aempes/Aenuojow “6:8 ul |nJasn ysow aq Aew yoeodde siyL yaa 10lld ssa90id OHS dn Bulpeeds Aq uonnjos ajqissog sige ONY eu queweunsea 3n Aq jues MSV 8u} eAIGD9l JOU seop an os (Ya1g Td/N3¢ Jolld YyBIY Aq payeoipul se) peg Apeayye s! yul|UMOP — 8}e| OO} JUSS ale syodas juswainsee/| iwseaiad yy BujBueyo-1se4 - 974 WO ISNOdS3Y ONout panosss SuBv IY “PIT Sid Bey o9}HRL S102 O WEUKEED peddoys s! NO Wap 801, wap eg ]| Spr ensiet e wap Zi | > + sees mens tet apoosuyramesaghzenr sé ) + per sxinenuauaatauonemesoutt=> "319 ara ) + garnengausatbeagexauy sarnezgseens By ‘ 1 dosu-uord *ge onoa-aotdo ser spossurramezoghzeur x4 } oper-nor436sour 34 v 1 s v 20437 FIER RETTIF DONS —> ‘oUt € poms us" deqa-—> sey UOHEOYUEA DISA (Adwe eue 6) suodey juoweinseal\ OL OLOLZ Ss! 3N ‘Apides Bulseaioep 8199 NOSUW J0.Ao 7H <-DEFRT WTRF Toemnaneesa | WEP LE EFS TP OO RSET = BES WE PO TP FT) OCREAUSENTESED OTyY wow asuodsai ONost ‘aweses SWBVIY “PI sid BEY IIRL S10z.O NBHSCO NOD OT > paddojs s! WO <"-06E (6L BE LRPL) S“hpear guooar deg 80€ (6£ OF Tr PL) #"Pueuni0sT wor deque—- v t s v ‘1W90d3973L OHSI bulinp ejdwex3 971y wo. asuodsal ON181 pavoses suf umop pain fs 8q IIEUS Z06S Jo pabueyo oq Bes lieys 02 @poo K& ‘w2@aaT3i DNINNW1d 3009 ‘NOS — 974 WOU SSNOdS3e ONzt ‘oveses SNEVIY “BF ald ey eo} S102 @ BAKED uejd Aouenbey 9zZ Jo uonesiwido « (asne Aouenbeyy WS® eaissas66e) 1189 WIS 84} YM UODEUUOD YsI|gGe}se 0} sWa|qojd swos pey FN yey} suesw sly} ,eunyrey jauueyo jeoisAyd,, asneo ay} YM AN ey} Wo yoeq juss sabessow ainjie} NVYLN Woy JeAopueH OWOS dJe SJOU} Bole BWES OU} U| « pe}juaweJoUl ase $19}UN0D OHS] eAe|au [je SPUBLULUOD NVULN Woy JerocpueH oy} Joye sueddey oinjley ey) souls pue aunpsooid OHS! Buunp uojesyien O1Sg HNOYYIP 0} Np si einjrey eu} So] otWOs ye Bulyoo7 « Olave vst LOV Vw/ON JejuNod 0} Buiddeyy + asned JUBWUSI|Ge}SJ SA 12} JUCDSY JOUUBYD |edIsAUd « IwsedaTal jle4 uoNesnByuosey jauueYD jesiskudest ‘paveses su y “Pr ad IY leo S108 @ WHUKEED a z 606 (Gr LHOL PL) #tsanbaswonateP Hs EAT6 GE TROL PD # 9F WORTH deg COUP UL FIT SSE IUONISUUOT IT ysonbay eseajay Nn] spuas ONY pue seuldxe 8} SQ EPO OTST —> DOF TT FT SETI —> aya|dwod, “pay jauUeYD “AU OU} penteoas Jou Seop ONY au} pue uoles|uosyousS 7 40180] 0} spee| aoueseHe}U! TN <-088 GL6EOL PD Som H dee <-198 @L EOL) Fame H dee eg JUSADe wap 02 = 4Md XL 3N SOUsJBLO}U! IN 405 pese6611 OHS! £68 (U6 ECOL Sopeas yoones YF dogs FUT Sai T WS Sn 7 SaTRERITONETSOIOTIT Sh ETTRERISONE © | sea Ge teore) © preuames an deao-> 6 aquznogpoaataszeai-on }: Ppe OFUTATETSSdgepomt <— EET TET PL) OORT TSE ST ) + eatneoypamnseogroussanraon eatnengpemewst - von darateprseeneanse 1 + sRedognuommsnevon sbosest v t $ v 9043731 32] 00} SI J2MOd 1N OF ENP OHSI ‘S $9 }S07] UOHJDaUUOD OIpeyval pawose: Suu ny “Braid By OIL SiOz @ WBUldoD 84} e}e|dWOd 0} aw, oueAjyoinb Lian, saseeioul JeMod 1d ££9 (@L'EC'EE1) #”wamMosyoosas"Ydequ--> <--0E9 (CL EGESED) Fopwar oar Ydequ 629 (LOESESED) $0 TamdasF po2ai Ydequ—> pereb6uy — S| 48MOd 10 40} OHSI TTFTSSPUSEI SD LOINN > BOCFUCTPUSTITSS ONT OO > — TST a iwooaaal doip pjay pidey }SO7] UO}JO9UUOD OIpeYPS RAB drop cause distribution TELEFOCAL | PS drop cause distribution au My [ene-prato_somcbae PERAP Oro dotion Nats yan 76 om Fe A ana Pe ee pmommooumts ons ITS are Q Adal |ms_c luv ju ret comm received. © PS RAB drop cause distribution TELEFOCAL + Top 4 failure cause are common + Radio Connection Lost (failure during the RAB Reconf procedure) + Radio Link Failure (UL and DL coverage) + No response from ric (mainly DL Coverage) + lu Radio Link Failure (delay in ISHO) + All this cause are mapped in the RADIO failure counters [OUT FAL SOURCHFailure counter]TELEFOCAL eee OPTIMIZING CALL SET UP FAILURE SCENARIOS CALL DROP FAILURE SCENARIOS Genuine Call Setup Failure Scenarios FELEFOCAL + RF issue + Interference / Dominance / Coverage + Missing neighbour + System Issue - NodeB + No response to "RRC Connection Request” + "RRC Connection Reject” to "RRC Connection Request” + System issue - RNC + *CC Disconnect’ after “Call Proceeding” due to ‘DL RRC Connection Release” + Core NW + “CM Service Abort after “CM Service Request” + System issue (test number) + "CC Disconnect” after "CC Progress”Genuine Drop Call scenarios TELEFOCAL eee + RF issue + Interference / Dominance / Coverage + System issue NodeB + Sudden “CC Disconnect” due to “DL RRC Connection Release” + Sudden drop to idle, no disconnect messaging + System issue RNC + Sudden “CC Disconnect” due to "DL RRC Connection Release” Call Setup Failure Analysis Process FELEFOCAL param. Opt [Report & Finish (Reason of problem: {Lt syne fal) ‘Report & Finish (Check failure cause) par heck are cause {atsCall setup failures — RF issue ( A) TELEFOCAL + RF issue? Coverage / Interference / Dominance Call setup failures — Missing Neighbour ( A ) FELEFOCAL + Missing neighbour analysis over the whole route (3G-3G, 3G-2G) + Search for failures due to missing 3G-3G neighbours + Search for failures due to missing 3G -2G neighbours + Itis suggested to place 2G scanner to the test vehicleCall Setup Failure Analysis- Block B- (B) + The purpose of this activity is to check the Random Access Process is working adequately by investigating whether Al (Acquisition Indicator) has been received through DL AICH. « If AICH was not received by UE, the cause of the problem can be classified into: + Inadequate RAN parameter related to Random Access: RAN parameter settings for pre-amble transmission or open loop power control information is not correct. + UL Coverage limit: UL coverage of UE is smaller compared to serving cells DL coverage so that UE’s Tx power cannot reach serving cell. om 018 ena oa Mp [NodeB RNC Sis |__| RRC: RRC CONNECTION SETUP/FACH [1 Synchronisation } INBAP: SYNCHRONISATION INDIGATOR. RRC: RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE/DCH, UE in CELL_DCH stateRACH Process (B) TELEFOCAL LY ACK /AICH Downlink Not detected BS Message part PowerOffsetlas\PreamblePRACHmessage PRACH preamble retrans #PRACH preambles transmitted during one PRACH eycle without receiving AICH response Soe RACH tx Max +# preamble power ramping cycles that can be done before RACH transmission failure is reported Preamble Presmbie Initial preample power: "— -Ptx = CPICHtransmissionPower-RSCP(CPICH) +RSSI(BS) + PRACHRequiredReceivedC! Call Setup Failure Analysis- Block B- ®) TELEFOCAL + Solutions for RACH optimisation No Yes NoInfo message Call setup failures - System issue Node B Open Loop Power Control parameters from RACH al ieee cscs iene + No response to “RRC Connection Request’ * Good RF conditions (oor ena he lat + Wrong MHA settings or cable loss settings can cause the site not to “hear” the UE + PrxNoise statistics, receive link parameters and HW units to be checked (faulty MHA, wrong MHA parameters, wrong cable / feeder loss parameters, faulty units) S| >on eoneon spate ‘ahead Spent FAO | isteaiaieCall setup failures - System issue NodeB ( ( ; ) TELEFOCAL + “RRC Connection Reject” after “RRC Connection Request” * Good RF conditions + Admission Control can reject too many (or admit too many) connection requests due to wrong PrxNoise/RTWP measurements. + PrxNoise/RTWP statistics, receive link parameters and HW units to be checked Tare | Layer 3 T BCCH-BCH SysinfoTypet BCCHEGH SysinfoT ypez ‘BCCHEGH SysinfoType7 BCCHECH SysinfoTypets LULCCCH RRCConnectionRequsst ULOCCH IntiaiDeectTranster NM ot Service Request ULOCCH Messurementepart ULOCCH Mescurementhepert BLOCH Active ULOCCH ActvesetLpdateconplete LULOCCH MessurementRepert Call Setup Failure Analysis ( ( >) TELEFOCAL + UE has the appropriate DL/UL coverage but if RNC does not allow to set up the RRC connection of the requested RAB (Radio Access Bearer), Call setup will fail. + Admission Control (AC) is involved in RRC connection setup + PREVENTATIVE STATE: + If measured UL (PrxTotal) or DL (PtxTotal) load exceeds target thresholds AC can still admit new RAB to the cell if a new non- controllable load keeps below target thresholds (in practice this means that AC can admit only new controllable load RABs i.e. NRT RABs) * OVERLOAD STATE: + Ifmeasured UL (PrxTotal) or DL (PtxTotal) load exceeds overload thresholds then AC can't admit more RABs to the cellCall Setup Failure Analy: TELEFOCAL + During the pre-optimisation phase itis unlikely that AC will stop an RRC connection setup during the drive testing because there are normally very few UEs in the network. (Traffic loading is trivial) + However, it should be checked that measured PtxTotal and PréTotal are less than PtxTarget (e.g. 40dBm) and PrxTarget (e.g. 44B, 60% loading) respectively. + If DLAC does not allow RRC setup check the Tx power of WNodeB, # of channels transmitted, Signaling messages. + IFULAC does not allow RRC setup: Check out if there is an interfering source nearby the serving cell. Call Setup Failure Analysis « To check if Layer 1 Synchronization (slot/frame sync) has failed « If*RRC Connection Setup” was received by UE but UE does not send “RRC Connection Setup Completed’, we will report “L1 synchronization failure” and have to check L1 system messages.Call setup failures — System issue RNC ( I: ) TELEFO “CC Disconnect" after “Call Proceeding” Good RF conditions Failures in RAB setup occur between the "RAB |stats Assignment Request” being || isis3. st received from Core ‘ Network and the RAN sending out Radio Bearer Setup. Therefore the failure is between NodeB and Core Network. toot i Skor acoerna armen + “CC Disconnect’ after | £5 Se ice “Call Proceeding” eee Sis Lt ere erase (cont.) Fd Si toy nen + An example (site Soe {aor er crete ccs shows high values on | 7 een te mere =e counter ‘Sous fetcoam Sinise mid aco ncoreaetStcwgee “Rab_stp_fail_cs_voic | = tere e_NodeB" during the | Ex | drive test + In the recent check the counter showed no failures. Capi O20 eae Ate me aaCall setup failures - Core NW TELEFOCAL + “CM Service Abort” after “CM Service Request” Good RF conditions “Security Mode Command’ message not received by UE, thus the failure is believed to be at Core Network. + RR Ove! rn mersgei tt sing seronedpod ote LC te CS eae ‘Sam Rosso base pan be PTS + Tes mae RAC ee aie ay. THe NAS «Te SCOP Comeston Reqs maseae elite the connaton assign ‘Esty ntsc NS cn un ast yore ‘Sheu he soc loner whi be Cooecon ewes ‘mton eps ha neten oa pasr UE om + The RAKAP- Conon 0 message spectin isbn oho UE «The Sean Mode Carmona meteage ape he test of coeng att proion Call setup failures - System Issue ‘test number) * “CC Disconnect” after “CC Progress” + Cause: recovery on timer expiry * The call goes via IN SCP toa recording. + A static test was done and in few instances the call dropped after 30 seconds of recording passed. Hence the problem is associated with the test number not the RAN « roCall Drop Failure Analysis Process TELEFOCAL Ta SHO Faire anaes vee Sho Fad No ISHO Failure ‘Yoo ‘Arve ISHO Fail No Coverage Optimisation Bea a ing cno> ih No B Timea Neignoar poset Noe Optimisation Borknc peoblom Call Drop Failure Analysis Process . (SHO Analysis) TELEFOCAL c Fix SC Clash} ‘Load Yes ‘Optimisation San ‘Check ur << tnter RNC. ‘Check neighbour definition parameters 5 TLacive betugeate Ny rece ‘SC Clash No Yes D Reeston qi ‘a UE Tx Power ‘Check RF Levels No Yes DL Tx Power No va, [toes Uplink ner Optimisation/€xternal Interteror No Nes Link Unbala (CPICH OptimisationDrop call failures — RF issue + RF drops mostly due to poor dominance or interference + Poor coverage could lead to ISHO, although poor dominance or interference can cause ISHO to fail. + Rapid field drop can cause drop due to coverage + Poor dominance or interference can cause Compressed Mode (CM) to start even if RSOP is still good. + In CM UE transmits with higher power (more interference) and spends less time on 3G (less accurate measurement reporting) + Poor dominance or interference can lead to Active Set update failures and eventually to drop call. fae free i 8 Tana AP, Map Drop call failures — RF issue Mt be i Hn nn aT Poor dominance causes Active Set update failures TELEFOCAL FELEFORAL Jace Sl pas ree seas | ee DL synchronisation is lost > UE has stopped transmitting ain “ge i Cee hee com, Ceara ——“f earmcenaunnict™ tee seatene Sete fee “i 102.09. ta Fy chon Ot ret Tipo Pest rey {a oanan ey tenn seb fae Eigoradenbumrot eanae ——— aaa sae Neda Ere omeasorsowasa, | Ween Rectesedietnt Rave oman heel 41) ames jloamoe amon Ag and DL (CH BER high aaa ays soak 7Drop call failures — RF issue = TELEFOCAL ‘Transport Channel BER. Btw UE<- PRNC (MAC layer) _ ‘Sometimes DPCCH BER (btw UE<- >NodeB) can be a better indicator of what's happening to the dedicated channel than the CPICH EcNo, in particular in the case that power control ‘may not be tracking well. Drop call failures — System issue Nodes (B) TELEFOCAL » Sudden drop to idle, no disconnect messaging + Site malfunctions to be checked + Inthe example below site had faulty unit (WTR) fs 7] Esko Laid oad | a be fT be fel bt Fa Ec eC pt 08 Talal MenDrop call failures “CC Disconnect” due to “DLRRC Connection Release” No response to UL Measurement Reports In the example site had no alarms, good RF & BER Not able to add SC265 to Active Set, next call on the same cell => no failure. Difficult to troubleshoot if the failure does not happen systematically => follow up in the next weeks drive / do a separate drive test in the area — System issue RNC B TELEFOEAL DPCCH BER Sudden “RRC Connection Release” + Sudden drop to idle mode (no disconnect messaging) + Cause of the failure: overshooting site and SC reuse + Short term solution to add overshooting neighbour in neighbor definitions vA ey HEED | ll qn | ! Hl i ttDrop Call - Uplink Interference TELEFOCAL UL interference from the SIB7_}) ,} rr «- f sae GP eee om Se LEE | ion emo CoC ss a oe (eee Manon Ween secret 6 senate ates econ mcm Newest oot mecemameecreee Nauese atcot semen — Hanes Wbcot Serta Uaueag acon imcnntate rT, ANNA TTT ae RST zy Drop Call — Link Balance TELEFOCAL TELEFORAL + UL& DL Power Control commands can help indicating problems in link balance. + PC frequency is 1500 Hz, thus ideally the sum of PC commands to increase or decrease power is 1500 + E.g. if the sum of UL PC commands is < 1500, this would indicate UE is starting to loose synchronization * in Compressed Mode there is less PC ‘commands, UE spends time on 2G UE RX power control message: DL reception weak -> UE is ordering WNodeB to increase ES TTA Po vet 1 FAC: Logie 0.4004 Sse eros, Sone Tat Cae weir Seed Beam aos) ae SRST coast Ea erate Pacentogelinteate DL Fore! Crmandicho> (amen <0 arto t0o 970, DeCiode UA Hi €Oand i ¢ Lo a Stet |S eve ane “a SR Seeg as Biscoaemredsl cece tone ‘Sum of UL PC commands < 1500, UE not receiving all the PC commands. 3 zz. th Binz Honor aa tone ‘ero Oncnt Foes incre tan oA Fecetealnene t Fone Cameras Sly Boa) Bae sara So aero ENON ow Giisccanrmbetencnen enerrarwnnie satDrop call failures — System issue RNC or Node B ? TELEFOGAL + “CC Disconnect” due to “DL RRC Connection Release’ is just a consequence of failure which can be due to different reasons «From UE point of view L3-messaging does not identify the point of failure distinctly + Node B or RNC failure? => Suspect Node B first, then RNC * Rule out Node B failures Shock tho site performance from OMC counters (lub, Servlev, SHO, ete) and that site is carrying traffic + PrxNoise, receive link parameters, alarms + $C-reuse + UE performance ? + |dentified causes for Active Set Update failure + "Deaf” sites (PreNoise) + Faulty HW + SC-reuse TELEFOCAL TELEFOGAY, I 3G Performance Analysis — Process, KPIs, Statistical AnalysisWhy do we need statistics? TELEFOCAL AE General Tuning Process TELEFGCAL ent Statistics Statistics, field measurements and Yes recordings/events Monitor PerformanceMonitoring the Network Performance TELEFOCAL AN 8 Goal: } Perceive the performance at a glance! ¢ Solution: + Extract and calculate, of all available information, key indicators, which are directly connected to the quality * Information about why the performance is as it is, does not need to be provided during this step Where can Information about the Network - ality be collected? TELEFOCAL —— 1 Msc }—{SGSN ' ' te RNC] [RNC] [RNC] | delta UE pce ' \ ' 1 NAiS * NoJeB NodeB Node® NodeB Node NedeB | Network Information Mobile Information Sources for Performance Monitoring information are: « Statistical information from the network elements + Information from single test mobiles (TEMS) * Information from several special mobiles distributed to selected users + Customer complaintsExamples of key (performance) indicators . describing the radio network performance Hears (Service) Accessibility (Performance) Call set-up success rate Paging success rate Blocking probability (Service) Retainability (Performance) Dropped call rate (Service) Integrity (Performance) Block error rate Results of the Performance Monitoring (statistics) * Detect problems in the (radio) network + Locate problems geographically + Detect areas for expansion + Detect “money makers”Performance Analysis (stati istics, field measurement and recordings) FELEFOCAL + What creates the problem + How can the problem be solved Problems related to the radio network: + Dimensioning and Architecture + HW Problems + UL and/or DL Interference + Pilot Pollution + Idle Mode Parameters + Code allocation + Handover + Power Control + Other Cell Parameters Final Remarks TELEFOCAL ‘About quality: ! About performance and performance optimisation: * The best optimisation tool is experience + The performance can not be better than allowed by the cell configuration and the cell planPerformance Optimization Process TELEFGEAL Information __ Presentation! Correlation Analysis {bate igo----------------- Optimization] ______. \ Decisions PM, CM & FM cM Collection Implementation PM = Performance Management a figuration Management FM = Fault Management RANOS ‘PM, CM, FM RANOS = Radio Access Network Operation and Support system TELEFOCAL een UMTS Performance StatisticsPerformance Statistics, UETR, CTR and GPEH — . TELEFOCAL Overview + Performance statistics: « ig to create a general statistic data collection and processing system for all types of traffic handling and maintenance applications in system. + It contains general information of network performance. + The performance statistics are generated from the radio and the transport network's live traffic. + The Performance Statistics data is made up from a number of predefined counters. + Itis used by all user categories. Note: In this presentation, the focus is on performance statistics. Performance Statistics, UETR, CTR and GPEH — * TELEFOCAL Overview + User Equipment Traffic Recording (UETR): « is to trace a selected UE and recording its behavior, e.g. handover detail information, call set up, connection release, Eb/lo measurement etc. + The operator can send out a test mobile (in particular after changes or extensions in the Network) or record live traffic to investigate the performance of the NW in a certain area or specific events and measurements. «+ Itis useful for optimizers and planners to analyze the network.Performance Statistics, UETR, CTR and GPEH — 3 Overview TELEFOCAL * Cell Traffic Recording (CTR): + The purpose of the CTR function is to collect data for a umber of UE connections in a certain area. * The recording area is defined as a specific ell in which the Ues are going to be followed. * The CTR is used to record live traffic and observe behavior in suspect cells, for verifying changes made in cell and handover parameters, and for troubleshooting, * The information in CTR is more detailed for optimizers and cell planners in order to analyze problems. Performance Statistics, UETR, CTR and GPEH — Overview TELEFOCAL + General Performance Event Handling (GPEH): + The GPEH function handles the management and collection of predefined events in the WCDMA RAN + It records activities (e.g. Layer 3 messages) of a number of functions such as handover, admission control, congestion control and power control. + Ithelps to analyze and optimize the the function performanceTELEFOCAL ae Performance Statistics Counter Types Performance Statistics Counter Types FELEFOCAL * Peg counter (PEG) «A counter that is incremented by one at each occurrence of a specific activity * Accumulator counter (ACC) + Acounter that is incremented by the value of a sample. It indicates the total sum of all sample values taken during a certain time. The name of an accumulator counter begins with either pmSum or pmSumOfSamp + Scan counter (SCAN) ~ A counter that is incremented by one each time the corresponding accumulator a emiter is incremented (a special kind of peg counter). The name of a scan counter begins with either pmSamples or pmNoOfSamp + PDF measurements (PDF) + This is a list of range counters. If a value falls within a certain range that range counter is incremented. ROP = Report Output Period = 15 minutes (default)TELEFOCAL RNC counter groups and counters RNC counter groups TELEFOCAL + Traffic volume + Paging + RRC connection set-up and release + RAB establishment and release Capacity management Code control UE positioning + RLC statistics + Admission "7 * Frame synchronisation cen eee + Cell updatin + Handover statistics ‘“ 2 eo * Channel quality + Packet oe router * Soft/softer handover mUBsecurity Inter-RAT handover Inter-RAT cell change Compressed mode Red counter groups are not treated in this presentation lur common transport channel handling (and error handling)Traffic volume TELEFOCAL The main scope with this area is to check the traffic at RNC and cell level. + By monitoring the traffic load at RNC level, a comparison can be made between planned and installed capacity. + By ranking cells according to traffic level, priority can be given to problem cells with a high amount of traffic. Traffic volume counters (1) Trattic volume counte's Wey Traffic information per cell @The DL DCH payload traffic in kbits @The UL DCH payload traffic in kbits @The payload traffic in kbits per RACH The cell peak hour is when the cell has the highest value of UL or DL DCH payload. This means when DL and UL Counters are at its highest value. The NodeB peak hour is determined by adding the traffic of all cells served by the NodeB for both UL and DL and then looking for the maximum value.Traffic volume counters (2) TELEFOCAL + Traffic information per RNC and RAB. + For the DL, the counter Values in Kbits are collected for each RAB type (speech, CS64, PS64...). * And similar for the UL. + Traffic on common channels (FACH , RACH) must also be taken into account to get the total payload traffic. + Hence the total DL payload traffic in kbit is given per RAB type as DL DchTrafficVolumeBeforeSplit + DL FachTrafficVolume (RAB, PEG) + The total UL payload traffic in kbit is given per RAB type as UL DehTrafficVolumeAfterComb + UL RachTrafficVolume (RAB, PEG) * The RNC peak hour can be identified as when either of these expressions (for a given RAB) has its highest value Access Accessibility is defined as the ability to set up a connection. This ranges from random accesses to channel assignment. * Paging + Paging statistics can be obtained per cell and per RNC + Random accesses + Four counters are available for RACH channel and BLER statistics. * Connection attempts * The amount of successful establishment attempts is obtained for each RAB type + The connection set-up failure (in percentage) per RAB can also be obtained + Admission control + The number of RAB establishments and RRC requests denied due to admission * Congestion control + The number of times congestion control is triggered due to measured overloadPaging counters (1) TELEFOCAL YELEre + Paging statistics can be obtained per RNC + Number of CN initiated pages sent to idle mode UEs (CS/PS pages) + Number of CN initiated pages sent to idle mode UEs (CS pages) + Number of CN initiated pages sent to idle mode UEs (PS pages) * Number of pages discarded due to central MP load control Paging counters (2) @ Paging statistics can be obtained per cell — Number of CN initiated pages sent on DCCH to connected mode UEs _. Number of page request rejected by UTRAN, includes both CN and UTRAN initiated pagingRRC connection set-up and release . counters (1) TELEFOCAL * The RRC connection success rate per cell + Total number of RRC connection requests + The total number of successful RRC connection requests + Other RRC connection related counters on cell level * Total number of RRC connection requests with establishment cause = SMS, + Total number of UTRAN rejected RRC connection request, + Number of rejected RRC connections due to module MP load control, RAB establishment and release counters (1) _TELEFO¢AL * The RAB establishment success rate per RAB type on RNC level + Number of RAB establishment attempts + Number of successful RAB establishments * The average number of established RABs per RAB type + Sum of all sample values recorded for number of RAB established, * Number of samples recorded within the ROP period for number of RABS establishedRAB establishment and release counters (2) TELEFOEAL _RAB establishment and release COUTNETS te) __++"* © The RAB release success rate per RAB type on RNC level — Number of RAB release attempts — Number of successful RAB releases — Number of invalid RAB Establishment failures — Number of invalid RAB release attempts Admission counters TELEFOCAL Admission counters 0 + Admission control at cell level + Number of RRC connection requests: and RAB establishments denied due to admission control +» Number of RRC connection requests and RAB establishment requests failed after being admitted + Number of downswitch requests for non-guaranteed users served by this RNC due to admission + Average number of compressed mode users + Total number of compressed mode users + Number of samples during ROP for compressed mode usersCongestion counters (1) FELEFGEAL * Overload measured on cell level + Number of times congestion control is triggered for measured overload Retainability TELEFOCAL Retainability within the radio network covers the performance regarding dropped calls, lost handovers and disconnections during abnormal circumstances. + Normal disconnections and dropped connections * Drop rate per cell + Handovers * The failure rate of adding a cell to an active set (per cell)RRC connection set-up and release . counters(2) CE + Normal disconnections and dropped connections + Number of normal disconnections from dedicated channels, i.e. CELL_DCH, +» Number of normal disconnections from common channels i.e. CELL_FACH, +» Number of abnormal disconnections from dedicated channels i.e. CELL_DCH, + Number of abnormal disconnections from common channels i.e. CELL_FACH, RRC connection set-up and release counters (3) TELEFOCAL + Drop rate on DCH on cell level + The abnormal disconnection rate on DCH (in percent) is calculated as 400:No of CellDchDisconnectAbnorm / Total No of RrcConnectReqSuccess + Another way to look at dropped connections is to calculate the payload traffic (UL and DL) per abnormal disconnection (in kbits) (UL DehTrafficVolumeBeforeComb + DL DchTrafficVolumeAfterSplit) / No of CellDchDisconnectAbnormRAB establishment and release counters (3) FELEFOCAL * The average number of RABs per FACH on cell level + Sum of all sample values recorded for “number of RABs per FACH channel”, + Number of samples recorded within the ROP for “number of RABs per FACH channel” Congestion counters (2) * Connections switched down or terminated due to congestion on cell level + Number of non-guaranteed users served by this RNC switched down to a common channel due to congestion + Number of speech RCs served by this RNC terminated due to congestion + Number of CS RCs served by this RNC terminated due to congestion, + Number of non-guaranteed users served by another RNC terminated due to + Number of speech RCs served by another RNC terminated due to congestion, + Number of CS RCs served by another RNC terminated due to congestionHandover statistics counters FELEFOCAL Handover statistics COUNIPIS + Handover counters on cell level Number of times a RL is deleted from an active set (including those deleted when an RL is replaced) « Number of times a RL is added to an active set (including those added when a RL is replaced) + Number of times a RL is replaced in an active set, « Number of times a cell fails to be added to an active set (regardless of whether the addition was triggered by addition or replacement), + The failure rate (in percent) of adding a cell to an active set per cell += 100 « No of TimesCellFailAddToActSet / (No of TimesRIAddToActSet + No of TimesCellFailAddT oActSet) Interesting for the service integrity is BLER and BER « The average UL DCH BLER (per coll) before combining and the average UL DCH BLER (per RAB type) after combining. + The RACH transport BLER on RNC level. + Information on BER distribution is given by NodeB counters.Channel quality - UL DCH BLER counters ELEFOCAL * The UL DCH transport block error rate per cell + Total number of UL DCH transport blocks, before combining * Total number of faulty UL DCH transport blocks, before combining * Number of discarded data and control frames due to faulty CRC or header field. * The UL DCH transport block error rate per RAB on RNC level * Total number of UL DCH transport blocks, after combining * Total number of faulty UL DCH transport blocks, after combining Channel quality - RACH counters TELEFOCAL + The RACH transport BLER on RNC level + Total number of RACH transport blocks + Total number of faulty RACH transport blocks * Number of discarded data and control frames due to faulty CRC or header field * Other RACH counters + Number of successfully received frames on RACHThere are a number of other (RNC) counter (groups) not directly related to performance indicators but nevertheless important for network optimisation and trouble shooting such as: + Soft/softer handover counters © Cell Update counters + Statistics on RL and RLS distribution = Total number of successful, + Channel switching counters attempted and failed cell updates. + Statistics on channel switching © Inter Radio Access Technology counters + Capacity management counters — Handover. Outgoing (to GSM) + ASE and SF statistics — Handover. Incoming (from GSM) + Code control counters — Cell change. Outgoing (to GSM) + Statistics on code allocation failures — Cell change. Incoming (from GSM) «Radio Connection Supervision counters + Include counters for radio link failures Soft/softer handover counters TELEFOCAL ahaa + The (average) number of UEs in different combinations of soft and softer handover: + Sum of all sample values recorded for a number of UEs with x Radio Link Set(s) (RLSs) and y Radio Link(s) (RLs) in active set + Number of samples recorded within the ROP for Number of UEs with x RLS(s) and y RL(s) in the active set + x, y= 1.4, Le. 1..4 radio links in 1..4 radio link sets (except that four RLs in ‘one RLS is not possible) + ROP = Report Output Period (every fifteen minutes)Channel switching counters FELEFOCAL + The success rate of channel switching on cell level + Number of switches from common to dedicated (CELL_FACH to CELL_DCH) + Number of failed channel switches + Other information on cell level + Number of switches from dedicated P64 to common (CELL_DCH to CELL_FACH) + Number of switches from dedicated P384 to common (CELL_DCH to CELL_FACH) + Number of downswitch requests for non-guaranteed users served by this RNC due to handover Capacity management counters (1) EFOCAL + Average number of transport channels used with a certain spreading factor SF per cell + Sum of all samples of “number of transport channels used for SF = x= 8, 32 + Number of samples of “number of transport channels used for SF x= 8, 32Capacity management counters (2) TELEFOCAL + Average number of UL ASEs per cell + Total UL ASE (sum of all sample values recorded) + Number of samples of UL ASE + Average number of DL ASEs per cell + Total DL ASE (sum of all sample values recorded) + Number of samples of DL ASE Code control counters (1 TELEFOCAL * Code allocation success rate per SF and cell + Number of attempted DL channelization code allocations for SF=x for normal transmission mode + x= 8, 32, 128 and 256 + Number of failed DL channelization code allocation attempts for SF=x for normal transmission mode + x= 8, 32, 128 and 256. . aoe Se Radio Connection Supervision counters TELEFCEAL © Number of overall release triggered by CCH WaitCuT expiry, © Number of overalll release triggered by DCH RcLostT expiry, @ Number of RLC unrecoverable error (WCDMA RAN) for UEs on FACH or DCH Cell Update counters TELEFOCAL @ Total number of attempted, successful and failed cell updates ~ Total number of attempted cell update procedures (periodic and cell reselection) — Total number of successful cell update procedures (periodic and cell reselection)Inter Radio Access Technology counters (1) TELEFOCAL @ Handover attempts. Outgoing to GSM _— Number of CS Inter RAT Handover attempts to GSM for RAB type = x = 12,2 kbps or 64 kbps — Number of CS Inter RAT Handover attempts to GSM when there is no RAB _ Number of CS Inter RAT Handover attempts to GSM where the UE returns to the old channel due to physical channel failure for RAB type = x, x = 12,2 kbps or 64 kbps _ Number of CS Inter RAT Handover attempts to GSM where the UE returns to the old channel due to physical channel failure when there is no RAB Inter Radio Access Technology counters (2) TELEFOCAL Inter Radio Access Technology =“ st e Handover attempts. Outgoing to GSM — Number of CS Inter RAT Handover attempts to GSM where the UE returns to the old channel due to unspecified and other for RAB type = x, x = 12,2 kbps or 64 kbps — Number of CS Inter RAT Handover attempts to GSM where the UE returns to the ‘old channel due to unspecified and other when there is no RAB, @ Successful handovers. Outgoing to GSM — Number of successful CS Inter RAT Handovers to GSM for RAB type = x. x = 12,2 kbps or 64 kbps _— Number of successful CS Inter RAT Handovers to GSM when there is no RABInter Radio Access Technology counters (3) @ Handover attempts. Incoming from GSM — Number of attempted CS Inter RAT Handover from GSM. — Number of successful CS Inter RAT Handover incoming from GSM Inter Radio Access Technology counters (4) TELEFOCAL © Cell change. Outgoing to GSM — Number of PS IRATCC attempts on dedicated channel for RAB type 64/384 kbps — Number of PS IRATCC attempts on dedicated channel when there is no RAB — Number of PS IRATCC attempts on dedicated channel where the UE returns to the old channel for RAB type = 64/384 kbps — Number of PS IRATCC attempts on dedicated channel where the UE returns to the old channel when there is no RABInter Radio Access Technology counters (5) _JEHFecat @ Cell change. Incoming from GSM — Number of RRC Connection establishment attempts with establishment cause “Inter-RAT cell reselection” — Number of RRC Connection establishment attempts with establishment cause *Inter-RAT cell change order” — Number of successful RRC Connection establishment attempts with establishment cause "Inter-RAT cell reselection” — Number of successful RRC Connection establishment attempts with establishment cause "Inter-RAT cell change order” Compressed Mode (CM) TELEFOCAL © Number of attempted CM starts for UL or DL by using Lower Spreading Factor (SF/2) method Number of attempted CM starts for UL or DL by using Higher Layer Selection (HLS) Number of successful CM starts Number of successful CM stops GSM measurement starts without use of CM GSM measurement stops without use of CMTELEFOCAL eee NodeB counter groups and counters NodeB counter groups TELEFOCAL + Power control * RACH channels + Hardware statisticsPower control counters (1) TELEFOCAL + Power distribution per SF and cell + Average transmitted code power on a DPCH channel + This is counted for all possible spreading factors (SF = 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256) with the lowest first Power control counters (2) TELEFOCAL + BER distribution on UL DPCCH per cell + Average BER estimate on DPCCH physical channel after RL combination, + The BER_B values are calculated as Log10(BER)Power control counters (3) TELEFOEAL + BER distribution on UL DPDCH per cell + Average BER for a transport channel carried by a DPDCH physical channel before Viterbidecoding after RL combination + The BER_B values is calculated as Log10(BER) + Note that the values will contain DPCCH BER when it is not possible to measure DPDCH (no data on the TrCH) Power control counters (4) TELEFOCAL _oWwer contrac + SIR distribution on UL DPCCH per cell * Average SIR on DPCCH physical channelPower control counters (5) TELEFOCAL * Out-of-synch time distribution per cell + Duration of out-of-synch in milliseconds + Reported for all radio link sets activated during the fifteen minutes period Power control counters (6) FELEFOCAL * Transmit carrier power distribution per cell + Transmitted carrier power + Measured every four secondsPower control counters (7) TELEFOCAL + No of Positive Messages + Number of positive Al messages sent on AICH during a fifteen minute period RACH counter TELEFOCAL + The PRACH successfully received transport block rate + Number of received transport blocks during a fifteen minutes period (not the total sum)TELEFOCAL FELEFORAL ee ed UMTS KPIs and Formulas Main KPIs TELEFOCAL * Coverage KPI © Accessibility KPI ° Retainability KPI ° Mobility KPI © Integrity KPI‘ KPI Analysis TELEFOCAL | KPI Analysis | | | onto sac tos | eee | {ocsR (Voie) | | Snoontaa scm : i i ns Fes |, | ossr aie) ' i 7 | YagAESaO EA aca faes | |; coe races Fs \ fab hee alu 4 GoR (vic) IsHo Sweets Ratio b i Neighour fs | pane Fane Col Avazabity 5 Video) ; , 4 ‘OSA (PS V8} | 7 p PaNivshoaig (* a bien 8 PA Tek 20) sy eps fr anos Tada Pe Ag er Coverage KPI TELEFOEAL + UL Interference Cell Ratio * Calculation formula: \eNumberO Cells Which MeanRTWP_ > -98dBm uuscr = TeNumberO fCells Which MeanRTWP > ~98dBi + Notes: TheTotalNu mberOfCell sInRNC «100% + -98dBm is referred by the experience from commercial network + In KPI reports, UL interference level should be given by cells ID + Description: + This KPI can be used to evaluate how serious the UL capacity is limited by the UL interference of all cells in one RNCCoverage KPI TELEFOCAL + Soft Handover Ratio + Calculation formula eae _ (Abed B1x2 + C13 “(Alt B14 C1 where A is number of UE with 1 RL, Bis number of UE with 2RLs, and Cis number of UE with 3 RLS + Description: «This KPI can be used to evaluate the consumption to network resources due to soft handover in one RNC + The benchmark can be different with the different network stage Coverage KPI TELEFOCAL Coverage KPE «Other performance indicators can also show the network coverage problems, such as + RRC connection failure caused by no RRC connection setup complete + SHO failure caused by no Active set update complete + Call drop caused by SRB reset + No response for RB setup + No response for RB reconfiguration + Description + Most indicators mentioned above should be given be cell ID «The cells which most failures happens in should be taken into consideration in coverage problemsTELEFOCAL ren Accessibility KPI Accessibility KPI TELEFOCAL + UTRAN Call Setup mainly includes + RRC connection setup + RAB establish procedure + Call setup success rate includes + Radio Access Success Rate + RRC Setup Success Rate + RAB Setup Success RateRRC Causes and RAB types TELEFOCAL os Originating Conversational Callin a cell Register in a cell Originating Streaming Call in a cell Detach in a call Criginating Interactive Call in a cell a Originating Background Callin a cell ‘Terminating Streaming Callin a cell Originating Subscribed trafic Callin a cell Terminating Interactive Callin a cell Criginating High Priority Signaling in a call Terminating Background Call ina cel Originating Low Priority Signaling in a cell ‘Terminating High Priority Signaling in a cell ‘Terminating Conversational Callin a cell Terminating Low Priory Signaling in a cell Emergency Call in a cell Call re-Establishmentin a cell InterRAT cell Reselection in a cell InterRAT HHO from GPRS to WCDMA in a cell Example service Voice over IP Video stre QoS class [conversational Stre Transport ~ ng Web browsing message Accessibility KPI [xc connection setul] ~ Measurement Point + Stat. Number of RRC Connection Request in Point A1 of Figuret + Slat Number of RRC Connection Setup in Point B of Figuret + Stat, Number of RRC Connection Setup complete in Point C of Figure1 + Stat, Number of RRC Connection Rejectiin point A of Figure2 ce Ge a ct eS RRC CONNECTION REQUEST RRCCONNECTION RESECT (anncn¢ A Fsucesafl RRC conection setup procedure 2: RRC connection rjet procedure5 Accessibility KPI TELEFOGAL | exc connection setual + Formula of RRC Setup Success Rate RRCConnect ionSuecess sree 190% RRCConnect iOMAttEMP yc + For service RRCS _SRe + For other RRCConnect ionSucceSS owe. 990% RRCConnect ionAttempr se, + Main counter RRS _ SR + RRC Connection Request + RRC Connection Setup + RRC Connection Setup complete Accessibility KPI TELEFOSAL | ra8 setup] + Measurement Point + Stat, Number of RAB Setup Request in Point A of Figuret + Stat, Number of RAB Setup Success in Point B of Figuret + Stat, Number of RAB Setup Failure in Point B of Figure2 cf me we me ce RAS ASSIONMENT RAB ASSICNMENT eauest neguest A A RADIO BEARER roearen RADIO BEARER sade aeaRer y PeeSrONte RAB ASSIGNMENT : Ft: Successful RAB setup procedure 2: RAB setup failure procedureAccessibility KPI TELEFOCAL [222 seu] + CS RAB Setup Success Ratio CSRABSeIIp Success + Calculation formula CSRABS _SR = CP aScrup Attempt 100% + Description + This value can be divided into voice service and VP service + PS RAB Setup Success Ratio + Calculation formula = PSRABSetup Success = +100 % PSRABSetup Attempt + Description: PSRAB _SR + This KPI can be used to evaluate the RAB setup success ratio of all PS service in one RNC Accessibility KPI TELEFOCAL + Radio Access Success Rate + Calculation formula CSRABSetup Suc + PSRABSetup Sue RA _SR = RRCS _SRenige * - ~ SBsovie * CsRABSenipAut+ PSRABSetp Atte + Description ) «100% + A complete call setup procedure contains the RRC, Direct Transfer procedure and RAB. + This KPI can be used to evaluate the radio access success ratio in ‘one RNCTELEFOEAL ee ey Retainability KPI Retainability KPI TELEFOCAL + Measurement Point + Stat. Number of Call Drop in Point A of Figuret and in Point A of Figure2 + Definition of Call Drop : Abnormal RAB release triggered by RNC. [RN CN RNC CN IU RELEASE REQUEST RAB RELEASE REQUEGT IURELEASE COMMAND A IU RELEASE COMPLETA A Ft: RAB release roquest procedure 2: conection elease request procedureRetainability KPI TELEFOCAL i CS Service Drop Ratio + Calculation formula: 1» mal Re lea: 5 _ cpp = £SRABAbnOr mal Re lease, 9994 * Description: CSRABSetup Su + This KPI can be used to evaluate the call drop ratio of CS service in one RNC. + The call drops will happen due to RNC abnormal release trigged by RAB RELEASE REQUEST or IU RELEASE REQUEST messages + AMR service drop ratio and VP service drop ration can represent the problems in details if possible Retainability KPI TELEFOCAL PS Service Drop Ratio + Calculation formula: PS CDR= PSRABAbnor mal Re lease 100% + Description: PSRABSetup Success + This KPI can be used to evaluate the call drop ratio of all PS service in one RNC + The call drops happened due to RNC abnormal release trigged by RAB RELEASE REQUEST or IU RELEASE REQUEST messages.Mobi y KPI TELEFOCAL + Soft Handover Success Ratio + Measurement Point: Ce Cee] CET Boo MEASUREMENT REPORT MEASUREMENT REPORT MEASUREMENT REPORT TO A sce SET UPDATE |, ___acnve ser uroare Acre SET UPDATE | __ACTIVE SET UPDATE COMPLETE ACTIVE SET UPDATE FAILURE ' WANTING ACTIVE SET UPDATE ¢ Ft: Successful SHO procedure ppt 1 Td Pei Agent F2: SHO failure procedure F3:SHO failure procedureMobility KPI TELEFOCAL + Soft Handover Success Ratio + Calculation formula: SHO sp ~ SHOdctiveS etUpdatesu ccess + Description —°" ~ SHOActiveS etUpdateAt tempt x 100% + This KPI can be used to evaluate the soft handover success ratio in one RNC, which includes softer handover + This SHO events contain 1A, 1B and 1C. Mobility KPI TELEFOCAL + Softer Handover Success Ratio + Calculation formula: Sotto _ sp = SoferHOAe tiveSetUpd ateSuccess eI 100% + Description SofterHOde tiveSetUpd ateAitempr + This KPI can be used to evaluate the softer handover success ratio in one RNC. + This SHO events contain 1A, 1B and 1C.Mobility KPI FELEFOEAL + Inter-frequency Hard Handover Success Ratio + Measurement points MEASUREMENT REPORYD Even) TEASURENENT cD Eww TEASURENENT REPO ea ra uN seTUP neous RESPONSE, PHYSICAL CHANNEL HECONFIGURATION "oO PHYSICAL pHANNEL RECONFIGURATIPN COMPLETE ©O Mobility KPI on + Interrequency Hard Handover Success Ratio + Calculation formula mtertIHOSH Inertttio _ sp = HierHHOSu e206 , 999 + Description TnerBIHOAL tempt + This KPI can be used to evaluate the inter-frequency hard handover success ratio in one RNCMobility KPI TELEFOCAL + Intra-frequency Hard Handover Success Rat + Intra-frequency Hard Handover signaling procedure MEASUREMENT REPOR} RADIOLINK SETUP REQUEST RADIOLINK SETUP RESPONSE PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFICp RATION rvsicat cuapieL * RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE, iS © oO Mobility KPI FELEFOEAL + Intra-frequency Hard Handover Success Ratio + Caleulation formule: sucety — tes a Intralitio _ sp = HOS InteriHOSu + Description HHOAttempt ~ InterHHOAt tempt 100% + This KPI can be used to evaluate the intra-frequency hard handover success ratio in one RNC + These counters do not contain RAT hard handoverMobility KPI TELEFOEAL CS Inter-RAT Handover Success Ratio (WCDMA to GSM) + Inter-RAT Handover measurement counter: + Handover outgoing attempt in Point C + Handover outgoing success in Point D TE RELOCATION ___Reaued om RELOCATION CommaNo 8 TURELEASE, ‘COMMAND Qo —_ HANDOVER FROM UTRAN COMMAND FELEFOCAL Mobility KPI CS Inter-RAT Handover Success Ratio (WCDMA to GSM) CSinterRAT HOSuccess +99 94 CSInterRAT HOAttempt + Calculation formula: CSinterRAT HO _ SR + Description: + This KPI can be used to evaluate the CS inter-RAT handover success ratio in one RNCIntegrity KPI Integrity KPI FELEFCRAL The degree to which a service is provided, once established, without excessive impairments. The best indicator is Blocks Error Measurements (BLER). Increasing BLER, decrease the Throughput.References TELEFOCAL ena aS 2 fot ot epee Tro fn eer one pe fr tenn plat pa so fd te aco Nat Planing sd Option fr UMTS by Joana Lalo, Achin Wacker, Tomas Novosad ‘COMA fr UMS: Rao Acasa Thvd Gansraon Mae Communion by Ha tna Ant Tok Fed rac System Planing kr GSHIGPRSIUNTS by ka Lamplaven, Mat Manigo Tite Genraton Mab Ttcommunzton yaa; UTS ans TS: 200 by Pet Storouois The UMTS Unreal MabeTlcom Sandor Physic! Lay Bass Standards, and Frontend Mts by Anes Springer, Robert Wee UMTS: Te Fundomonl by Wale A Sadeborg UMTS Nowa Archive, Mbity an Sees by Kasranen, Noga, Lotion, Aion, Me ble Teloconmuicatns Standards GSM, UMTS, TETRA, and ERMES by Botrs Serco or UMTS by Anan {GS and UTS Tha Craton of Giatt Mabie Communion yHorand Weta iter Aces oer GSM and UMTS by Tae, Book The UMTS Netwrk and al Actes Teciioy AF Itoce Teta Fut Mele Systems by Cast W-CDNA an ns200 fe 36 Mole Nets Kati! AG Wels Denyse y Har, Kt, Laine Inodocon fo 26 Wales Communication by Kartonse Wea Matar Evton 26036 by Gag. Rappapat 130 Wiese Matos by Calis ‘wena enatssoncom nanan et 8208 Tb ea Mg mr an TELEFOCAL ee THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENCEMosite BackHAUL INTRODUCTION Mobile backhaul is the transmission network transporting traffic from the respective Access Network to the network. core and Aggregation element(s) for continuation through network or to a foreign network. In 2G and 3G networks this is normally the BSC, RNC, and or SGSN network elements; however, with LTE (aka 46) this is no longer an accurate statement. With the implementation of the ‘X2' LTE interface now the traffic could be between eNB never needing to enter the traditional network elements. ‘Additionally with LTE, the previous ‘security’ buffer of the BSC/RNC no longer exists; as the ‘S1’ interface of the eNB has direct communications with network elements such as the MME and other application gateways (i.e. PDN- AGW, etc.) completely eliminating the RNC. This change in traffic patterns that LTE represents changes the structure of mobile network, however until the legacy networks (2G and 3G) are obsoleted the complexity of the backhaul network is compounded as we still have to support the point-to-point legacy architecture plus the point-to-multipoint architecture of the LTE network; added to this the exponential increase in traffic and multi-session nature of 3G and LTE traffic increase and mobile backhaul planning takes on a completely new dynamic. Key Drivers for Mobile Backhaul Networks Mobile Backhaul Network os cove ‘ggrenton Acco vane] II - el ~~ Bs. = | vans) (re =). B\ ra =| “Sad BL e_ = Why Carrier Ethernet? With the advent of the Telecommunications Service Provider adoption of packet switched networks the mandate of using the Internet Protocol (IP) has become necessary evil. The driving factors for this has been the continued demand by subscribers for higher bandwidth ata lesser cost as well as increased network usage with the advent of the mobile and broadband services. Of course, prior to deregulation of the industry globally, we could charge a higher price and customers would either pay it or do without, which was the mind-set Service Provider used to have. However the market place has changed, deregulation has occurred, and customers are more demanding and now itis becoming a commodity industry! Bandwidth is a commodity that can be shopped for! ‘With this revelation and the increase in broadband services, not only by the clients but also within our own internal networks, we have to adopt Carrier Ethernet technologies that allow us to reduce the cost per bit to obtain the greastest return on our bandwidth investment. Conclusion ‘Mobile backhaul networks has become an internal part of NNGN and has evolved to offer a suite of boutique services that consumers and businesses can expect in a connected world for the future. Telefocal recommended mobile backhaul courses: Funcom Li aa RS 3 mre” Tee, “Towne ee Son rer era 1 seuctae > Mmmm gem i i coer ate ree > Patcess ions pe Eat a TELEFOCAL ASIA PTE LTO + ww com « 23 New el Ron, E08 Sues Busnes Cae, Sige S218 «65 68380 + 8 101 +: yang eed om~ i,IP FOR TELECOM PROFESSIONALS MASTERCLASS This 5 days course provides a comprehensive insight, both in terms of breadth and depth, into everything a modern telecom professional needs to know on IP and IP networking. Course OBJECTIVES By the end of this course, participants will understand: + [Pv4 and IPV6 protocols and addressing + IP network architectures * IP based protocols and routing + IPIMPLS + IP Security + IP deployment / configuration / troubleshooting using Wireshark and other tools + How IP is applied and operated in Mobile and Fixed Operator Networks "| like the detailed explanation of IP." ling, MI "This course gives a very good broad overview of IP technology in the telecom world." Imparting Sound Knowledge Course OVERVIEW This is an excellent Masterclass covering all the theoretical and practical aspects of IP which a telecommunications professional needs to know. The course begins with detailed explanation on IP basics, before progressing in depth and branching out to other modem IP technologies like IPv6, IPV6 networks and deployments, security, IP/MPLS networks, management VPNs etc. Italso covers other modem real-life applications, such as Mobile Networks / Fixed Networks, of IP protocols and ‘equipment as well as the design and operation of these networks. Practical hands-on examples will be included for a good understanding of IP. Simulation tools like Wireshark will be used for live demonstration and exercises so as to enhance the learning experience. Key BENEFITS Participants will be trained on state-of-the-art knowledge regarding all aspects (theoretical and practical) of IP networking in modern telecommunication networks,. It is considered a “future-proof telecom career development course that all professionals in the telecom industry should undertake. PRE-REQUISITE FOR PARTICIPANTS Basic knowledge of Packet or Circuit Switching would be beneficial WHO SHOULD ATTEND? * Chief Technical Officers, who wish to have an overview understanding of IP networking technologies and its application on the mobile networks * Product Managers, who wish to launch IP based services * Telecom Sales professionals, who interface with ‘customers to sell IP-based services or solutions + PaCo Engineers who wish to update or enhance their knowledge/skills * Network Engineers, Designers and Administrators + Network Managers and Planners + IT Professionals ~ Cleary, DSTA + Anyone who needs to know about IP in Telecommunications Telephone: +65 6398 3150 Emait [email protected] Website: www.telefocal.com.