Theinformationprovidedinthismanualis

preliminaryandsubjecttorevision.

Revision0.9.0

Table of Contents
Introduction..................................................................................................................................................7
Cockpit......................................................................................................................................................7
Engines......................................................................................................................................................8
Payloadandarmaments...........................................................................................................................8
Sensorsandavionics.................................................................................................................................8
GeneralCharacteristics...........................................................................................................................10
Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................................12
KeyboardMap.............................................................................................................................................13
Chapter1:InstrumentsLayout...................................................................................................................16
InstrumentsPanelMap...........................................................................................................................16
Maininstrumentspanelandcenterconsole..........................................................................................17
Leftinstrumentspanel............................................................................................................................19
Rightinstrumentspanel..........................................................................................................................20
HandsOnThrottleAndStick(HOTAS)System......................................................................................22
HOTASFunctionsDescription.............................................................................................................24
EjectionSeat...........................................................................................................................................26
Chapter2:Engine........................................................................................................................................27
SNECMAM53P2EngineInformation.....................................................................................................27
EngineControl.........................................................................................................................................28
EngineStartupPanel...............................................................................................................................28
EngineInstruments.................................................................................................................................29
EngineWarningLights............................................................................................................................29
Chapter3:FuelSystem...............................................................................................................................31
FuelGauge..............................................................................................................................................32
Fuelwarninglights..................................................................................................................................33
FuelFlowGaugeandBingofuelselector................................................................................................34
Externaltanksfueldumpswitch.............................................................................................................34
Fuelboostpumps....................................................................................................................................35
Chapter4:ElectricalPowerSupplySystem................................................................................................36
ElectricalPowerControls........................................................................................................................36
1

PowerDistributionSchematics...............................................................................................................37
ElectricalPowerWarningLights.............................................................................................................39
ElectricalPowerEmergencyConditions.................................................................................................39
Chapter5:Lighting......................................................................................................................................42
Interiorlights...........................................................................................................................................42
Exteriorlights..........................................................................................................................................42
Chapter6:HydraulicSystem.......................................................................................................................44
HydraulicSystemControlsandGauges..................................................................................................44
HydraulicSystemfeedsdescription........................................................................................................44
HydraulicSystemWarningLights...........................................................................................................45
Chapter7:FlightControls...........................................................................................................................46
Description..............................................................................................................................................46
Mobilesurfaces...................................................................................................................................46
NormalOperation...................................................................................................................................46
Elevators..............................................................................................................................................46
Ailerons...............................................................................................................................................47
Rudder.................................................................................................................................................47
FlyByWire..............................................................................................................................................48
Slats(becs)..........................................................................................................................................48
FBWModesSwitch.............................................................................................................................49
Degradedmodeoperation..................................................................................................................49
Emergencymodeoperation...............................................................................................................49
Controls...............................................................................................................................................50
FBWWarningLights............................................................................................................................50
TrimSystem............................................................................................................................................51
AutomaticPilot.......................................................................................................................................52
Description..........................................................................................................................................52
NormalOperation...............................................................................................................................52
Controls...............................................................................................................................................54
WarningLights....................................................................................................................................54
Chapter8:LandingGear.............................................................................................................................55
Controls...................................................................................................................................................55
2

WarningLights........................................................................................................................................56
Precautions.............................................................................................................................................56
Chapter9:FlightInstruments.....................................................................................................................57
AltitudeIndicator....................................................................................................................................57
AirspeedIndicator...................................................................................................................................57
VerticalVelocityIndicator.......................................................................................................................58
AttitudeDirectionIndicatorADI(Boule).............................................................................................58
AOAIndicator..........................................................................................................................................59
StandbyAttitudeIndicator......................................................................................................................59
GForceIndicator.....................................................................................................................................59
Chapter10:HeadsUpDisplayHUD............................................................................................................60
Controls...................................................................................................................................................60
Operation................................................................................................................................................60
Altitudedisplay...................................................................................................................................61
MinimumAltitudedisplay...................................................................................................................61
Declutterswitch(ALL)........................................................................................................................61
TargetWingspanscale(ENV)..............................................................................................................61
Gunpiperselector...............................................................................................................................62
Backupfixedsightandboresightadjustment....................................................................................62
OperationalModes.................................................................................................................................62
HUDDisplay............................................................................................................................................62
NAV.....................................................................................................................................................65
APP......................................................................................................................................................66
AA........................................................................................................................................................69
AG........................................................................................................................................................72
INTERCEPTIONDIRECTOR...................................................................................................................76
AUXLIARYGUNSIGHT..........................................................................................................................78
Chapter11:WarningSystem......................................................................................................................79
MasterCautionLights.............................................................................................................................79
AlarmLightsPanel...................................................................................................................................80
Chapter12:OperationalLimitations..........................................................................................................81
Engine......................................................................................................................................................81
3

Airframe..................................................................................................................................................81
Chapter13:AircraftProcedures.................................................................................................................82
PreflightChecklist...................................................................................................................................82
LeftInstrumentsPanel........................................................................................................................82
MainInstrumentsPanel......................................................................................................................82
RightInstrumentsPanel......................................................................................................................83
EngineStart.............................................................................................................................................83
BeforeEngineStart.............................................................................................................................83
EngineStartsequence........................................................................................................................83
PostEngineStartChecklist.................................................................................................................84
TAXIING...................................................................................................................................................84
Checklist..............................................................................................................................................84
TAKEOFF.................................................................................................................................................85
Checklist..............................................................................................................................................85
LANDING.................................................................................................................................................85
Checklist..............................................................................................................................................85
RUNWAYVACATED.................................................................................................................................85
Checklist..............................................................................................................................................85
PARKING..................................................................................................................................................86
Checklist..............................................................................................................................................86
Chapter14:Navigation...............................................................................................................................87
TheInertialNavigationSystemINS.........................................................................................................87
ThePSM..............................................................................................................................................88
ThePCN...............................................................................................................................................89
PCNUtilization....................................................................................................................................91
INSAlignment.....................................................................................................................................94
INSPositionUpdate............................................................................................................................95
RadioNavigationSystem........................................................................................................................98
TheHorizontalSituationIndicatorHSI................................................................................................98
VOR/ILSandTACAN............................................................................................................................99
Chapter15:Communications...................................................................................................................100
VHF/UHFRadios....................................................................................................................................100
4

VolumeControlPanel...........................................................................................................................101
Chapter16:ElectronicWarfare................................................................................................................102
TheVTB/HDD........................................................................................................................................102
TheRDIRadar........................................................................................................................................103
RDIradarcapabilitiesandlimitations...............................................................................................104
CloseCombatModes(CCM).............................................................................................................104
TheRWR................................................................................................................................................105
RWRDisplay......................................................................................................................................105
ECMControlPanel............................................................................................................................105
clairControlPanel...........................................................................................................................106
Chapter17:WeaponsSystem...................................................................................................................107
Weapons...............................................................................................................................................107
AirtoAir...........................................................................................................................................107
AirtoGround....................................................................................................................................107
Internalweapons..............................................................................................................................107
WeaponsConfiguration....................................................................................................................108
OpenBetaNotes:..............................................................................................................................109
WeaponsManagement........................................................................................................................109
ThePCA.............................................................................................................................................109
ThePPA.............................................................................................................................................114
The PPA has the following elements:.........................................................................................115
WeaponsUtilization..............................................................................................................................118
DEFA554...........................................................................................................................................118
MagicII..............................................................................................................................................118
Super530D........................................................................................................................................119
TriggerDelayforMissiles..................................................................................................................119
BombingProcedures.........................................................................................................................119
BombingSafetyLimits.......................................................................................................................121
StoresJettison.......................................................................................................................................122
SelectiveJettison...............................................................................................................................122
EmergencyJettison...........................................................................................................................122
RevisionChanges......................................................................................................................................123
5

Introduction
The M-2000C is a French single engine fourth generation fighter. Designed in the late
1970s as a lightweight fighter for the French Air Force (Arme de l'Air). Later evolved into
a multirole aircraft with several variants developed, with sales to a number of nations.
Over 600 aircraft were built and it has been in service with nine nations.
The M-2000 was initially intended to replace the previous generation Mirage III for the
export market, and was smaller and cheaper than the aircraft proposed to the French Air
Force, called the Avion de Combat Futur ACF (Futur Combat Aircraft).The project was
first known as the Super Mirage III, then Delta 1000, Delta 2000, Super Mirage 2000
to finally settle for Mirage 2000.
Unlike the ACF, which was a strike aircraft with secondary capabilities as interceptor, the
M-2000C was designed as an interceptor. When the ACF project was cancelled the M2000C was offered as a cheaper alternative to the French government and was approved
on December 1978.
The M-2000C was also designed to compete with the General Dynamics F-16 in the
lucrative European market, which was interested in small, but agile, lightweight fighters.
The M-2000C features a low-set thin delta wing with cambered section, 58 degrees
leading-edge sweep and moderately blended root; area-ruled; two small canard wings,
fixed, placed just behind the air intakes. The flight surfaces on the wings are composed
of four elevons and four leading edge slats. Its neutral point is in front of its Center of
gravity of an aircraft, giving the fighter relaxed stability to enhance maneuverability. It
incorporated negative stability and fly-by-wire controls with four analog computers.
Airbrakes are fitted above and below each wing in an arrangement very similar to that of
the Mirage III and IV. A noticeably taller tailfin allows the pilot to retain control at higher
angles of attack, assisted by the small strakes mounted along each air intake.
The aircraft uses retractable Tricycle type landing gear. A runway tailhook or a fairing for
a brake parachute can be fitted under the tail, which can operate in conjunction with the
landing gear's carbon brakes to shorten landing distances. A removable refueling probe
can be attached in front of the cockpit, offset slightly to the right of center.

Cockpit
The Mirage 2000 is available as a single-seat or two-seat multi-role fighter. The pilot flies
the aircraft by means of a center stick and left hand throttles, with both incorporating
hands-on-throttle-and-stick (HOTAS) controls. The pilot sits on a license-built version of
7

the British Martin-Baker Mark 10 Zero-Zero ejection seat. Unlike in the F-16, the pilot sits
in a conventional position, without the steep backward slope of the F-16 seat.
The instrument panel is dominated by the Head-up display which presents data relating
to flight control, navigation, target engagement and weapon firing, and the radar screen
located centrally below it. To the lower left is a stores management panel, above which
are the navigation instruments and altimeter. The right half of the instrument panel
accommodates the engine and systems displays. Located on the left side of the cockpit,
just ahead of the throttle, are controls for the communications equipment.

Engines
The SNECMA M53 afterburning turbofan was developed for the ACF, and was available
for the M-2000C project. The first 37 aircraft were equipped with the SNECMA M53-5
engine version; later aircraft were equipped with the SNECMA M53-P2 version.The M53P2 provides 64.3 kilonewtons (14,500 lbf) of thrust dry and 95.1 kilonewtons (21,400 lbf)
in afterburner. The first 37 aircraft were equipped with the SNECMA M53-5 engine
version; later aircraft were equipped with the SNECMA M53-P2 version. The air intakes
are fitted with an adjustable half-inlet cone-shaped center body, which provides an
inclined shock of air pressure for highly efficient air intake. Total internal fuel capacity is
3,978 litre (1,051 US gal). There are also provisions for a jettisonable 1,300-litre (340 US
gal) centerline fuselage fuel tank and for a 1,700-litre (450 US gal) or 2,000-litre (528 US
gal) drop tank under each wing.

Payload and armaments

The M-2000C is equipped with built-in twin DEFA 554 30 mm revolver-type cannons with
125 rounds each. The cannons have selectable fire rates of 1,200 or 1,800 rounds per
minute.
The aircraft can carry up to 6.3 tons (13,900 lb) of stores on nine pylons, with two pylons
on each wing and five under the fuselage. External stores can include Matra Super 530D
medium-range semi-active radar-guided air-to-air missile on the inboard wing, and Matra
Magic II short-range infrared-seeking AAM on the outboard wing pylons.

Sensors and avionics

Avionics for the M-2000C include the Sagem ULISS 52 inertial navigation system (INS),
TRT radio altimeter, Dassault Electronique Type 2084 central digital computer, Digibus
digital data bus and Sextant Avionique Type 90 air data computer. The communication
equipment package includes the LMT NRAI-7A IFF transponder, IO-300-A marker

beacon receiver, TRT ERA 7000 V/UHF com transceiver, TRT ERA 7200 UHF or EAS
secure voice communications.
The aircraft has a redundant fly-by-wire automatic flight control system, providing a high
degree of agility and easier handling, together with stability and precise control in all
situations. The fighter's airframe is naturally unstable, and so it is coupled with FBW
commands to obtain the best agility; however, in override mode it is still possible to
exceed a 270 deg/sec roll rate and allows the aircraft to reach 11 g (within the 12 g
structural limit), instead of 9 g when engaged.
The aircraft uses the RDI pulse-Doppler radar with an operating range of 54 nm (100 km
/ 62 miles). This unit was an evolution of Cyrano radars, with more modern processing
units and look-down/shoot-down capabilities.
The M-2000C is equipped with a Radar warning receiver (RWR) with antennas on the
wingtips and on the rear of the top of the tailfin. It is also equipped with the Sabre radar
jamming and deception in a pod below the bottom of the tailfin, with the antenna in a
fairing on the front of the tailfin. Countermeasures are provided by Spirale dispensers,
each fitted on the extensions behind the rear of each wingroot, giving a total capacity of
112 chaff cartridges, the flares dispensers are located under the wing roots with a total of
16 cartridges.

General Characteristics

Interceptor with some CAS (Close Air Support)

1 SNECMA M53-P2 afterburning turbofan
Dry thrust: 64.3 kN (14,500 lbf)
Thrust:
Thrust with afterburner: 95.1 kN (21,400 lbf)
Wingspan:
9.13 m (29 ft)
Length:
14.36 m (47 ft 1 in)
Height:
5.20 m (17 ft)
Empty weight: 7,500 kg (16,350 lb)
Weight:
Loaded weight: 13,800 kg (30,420 lb)
Maximumtakeoffweight: 17,000 kg (37,500 lb)
Fuelcapacity:
3978 litres (1050 US gallons; 875 Imp gallons)
Mach 2.2 (2,530+ km/h, 1,500+ mph) at high altitude/
Speed:
1,110 km/h (690 mph) at low altitude
Range:
1,550 km (837 nmi, 963 mi) with drop tanks
Ceiling:
17,060 m (59,000 ft)

Guns: 2 30 mm (1.18 in) DEFA 554 revolver cannon,

Armament:
125 rounds per gun
Primaryfunction:
Powerplant:

10

Crew:

Hardpoints: 9 total (4 under-wing, 5 under-fuselage)

with a capacity of 6,300 kg (13,900 lb) external fuel and
ordnance
Rockets:
2x Matra 68 mm unguided rocket pods, 18 rockets per
pod
Air-to-air missiles:
2 Matra R550 Magic-II and
2 Matra Super 530D
Bombs:
8 Mk.82
8x Mk.82SE
9x GBL-66 Belouga cluster bombs
1x BAP-100 anti-runway dispenser.
4x GBU-12
1x GBU-16
1x GBU-24
1

11

Acknowledgments
We would like to take a moment first to thank the following people involved on the project
and who made possible the release of this aircraft.
RAZBAM Team
Ronald Prowler Zambrano Team lead.
Tim Taylor, Metal2Mesh 3d modeler and texturizer.
Larry Zeus Zambrano Cockpit Coder.
CJ CaptSmiley Soques Flight Model Coder.
Eagle Dynamics
Alex Okean, for all the help above and beyond.
Matt Wagner, for opening doors to us.
Others
Jol L. Data miner, beta tester and M-2000C enthusiast.
Rlaxoxo Sound modder. For his help in getting this bird sound right.

Also, big thanks to Colombia for its coffee, the soda companies, for their heavily
caffeinated products, although we could do without all the sugar, and to Cable TV for
keeping us company in the long working nights.

12

Keyboard Map
Seatadjustment
Button

Function

DCS Function
SeatUp
SeatDown
CameraUp
CameraDown
CameraLeft
CameraRight

SeatAdjustment

CockpitCamera

Key
LShift+S
LShift+LAlt+S
RCtrl+RShift+KeypadUpArrow
RCtrl+RShift+KeypadDownArrow
RCtrl+RShift+KeypadLeftArrow
RCtrl+RShift+KeypadRightArrow

AutopilotSystem
Button

Function

DCS Function
AutopilotOn/Off
BarometricAltitudeHold
SelectedBarometricAltitudeHold
AutopilotStandby
AutopilotDisconnect/HardStopEnable
ApproachHold

Key
A
H
LShift+H
LAlt+A
LShift+A
F

DCS Function
MasterArmTOGGLE
GunArmTOGGLE
PCAButton1SELECT
PCAButton2SELECT
PCAButton3SELECT
PCAButton4SELECT
PCAButton5SELECT
AGGunSELECT
Stores1SELECT
Stores2SELECT
Stores3SELECT
Stores4SELECT
Stores5SELECT
Smoke
EmergencyJettison
SelectiveJettisonSafetyCoverOPEN
SelectiveJettisonSafetyCoverCLOSED
SelectiveJettisonON
SelectiveJettisonOFF

Key
0
LCtrl+6
1
2
3
4
5
LCtrl+0
LCtrl+1
LCtrl+2
LCtrl+3
LCtrl+4
LCtrl+5
T
LShift+E

WeaponsManager
Panel
PCA
PCA
PCA
PCA
PCA
PCA
PCA

PCA
PCA
PCA
PCA
PCA

PCA
PCA

Function
MasterArm
GunArm
PCATRButton1
PCATRButton2
PCATRButton3
PCATRButton4
PCATRButton5
AGGun
PCABRButton1
PCABRButton2
PCABRButton3
PCABRButton4
PCABRButton5
Smokewinders
Emerg.Jett.
SelectiveJettison
Cover
SelectiveJettison
Switch

13

WeaponsPreparation
Panel
PPA
PPA
PPA
PPA
PPA
PPA
PPA

Function
MissileSelector
Super530D
Preparation
MagicII
Preparation

DCS Function
MissileSelector:FireLeft530DFirst
MissileSelector:Automatic530DFireSelection
MissileSelector:FireRight530DFirst
MISPREP:Super530DStandbyToggle
MAGPREP:MAGICIIStandbyToggle

BombFuze:INERT
BombFuze:RET
BombFuze:INST
BombRelease
BombQtyIncrease
QuantitySelector BombQtyDecrease
BombRelease
BombReleaseIntervalIncrease
IntervalSelector BombReleaseIntervalDecrease
SalvoFiring
530D/Rockets/GunsTOT/PARFiringModeToggle
Selector
BombFuze
Selector

Key

Sensors
Panel

Function

Radar

RadarOperation

Radar

RadarRange
Selector

Radar

PRFSelector

Radar

RadarAzimuth

Radar

RadarBars

Radar

RadarDisplay
mode

Radar

RadarTDCMode

ECM

RWR

HUD

RadarAltimeter

DCS Function
RadarOFF
RadarWARMUP
RadarSTANDBY
RadarON
RadarRangeDECREASE
RadarRangeINCREASE
PRFSelectorLow>Int>High
PRFSelectorHigh>Int>Low
PRFSelectorLow
PRFSelectorInt
PRFSelectorHigh
RadarAzimuthWIDE
RadarAzimuthMIDDLE
RadarAzimuthNARROW
RadarScan4LINE
RadarScan2LINE
RadarScan1LINE
RadarPPIMode(RadialTopDown)
RadarBScopeMode(SquareProjection)
TDCModeSwitchS
TDCModeSwitchZ
RWROFF
RWRON
RWRTEST
RadarAltimeterOFF
RadarAltimeterON
RadarAltimeterTEST

Key

14

Panel

Function

RadarIFF IFFPower

DCS Function
RadarIFFOFF
RadarIFFSECTOR
RadarIFFCONT

Key

System
Button

Function

DCS Function
MasterCautionReset
WheelBrakeOn/Off(InAir:ControlHardStop

LCtrl+R
W

Key

DCS Function
ToggleFlashlightOn/Off

Key
LCtrl+LAlt+L

Illumination
Button

Function

Note:Thefunctionsthathaveablankspaceinthekeycombinationcolumndonothaveadefaultkey
combination.Youcanchooseyourown.

15

Chapter 1: Instruments Layout

Instruments Panel Map.

16

Main instruments panel and center console

1. AirspeedIndicator

Displaysindicatedairspeedinknotsandmach.

2. AutopilotAltitudeSelector
Adjustautopilotaltitudeholdvalue.

3. VerticalVelocityIndicator
Displaysverticalvelocityinfeet/min.

4. AutopilotControls/IndicatorLights Pushbuttonsthatenable/disabletheautopilotfunctions
andindicatesthesystemstatus.

5. FlyByWireSpinswitch
Twopositionswitch:
Norm:FBWsystemisincontrol
Vrille(Spin):FBWlimiterisoverridden.Tobeused
onlyinemergenciesduringaflatspinstall.
6. RadioFrequencydisplay
Indicatestheselectedfrequenciesinbothradio
transmitters.V/UHFmainradioontop.UHFauxiliary
radioonthebottom.

7. MasterCaution/WarningLights
Twotoneslightsthatindicatethepresenceofa
warning/cautioncondition:
Amberlight:indicatesthatthereisaproblembut
aircraftsafetyisnotimmediatelyimperiled.
Redlight:indicatesthatthereisanemergency
conditionthatrequiresurgentaction.Aircraftsafety
iscompromised.

8. AOAIndicator
Indicatestheaircraftscurrentangleofattackin
degrees.

9. HUDPedestal
ContainstheHUDcontrolsandtheHUDitself.

10. GMeter
IndicatescurrentverticalaccelerationforcesinG.

11. RadarWarningReceiver(RWR)
Showsanyradaremittersaroundtheaircraft.

12. AfterburnerStatusLight
Indicateswhentheengineisusingtheafterburner.

13. EngineStartLight
Indicatesthattheengineisstartingup.

14. EngineInstruments
IndicatesengineRPMandTemperature.

15. FuelFlowIndicator
IndicatescurrentenginefuelflowinKg/min

16. BingoFuelSelector
AdjustthevaluefortheBingoFuelwarning.

17

17. EngineFireWarningLights

18. FuelControlPanel

19. HSI
20. VTB/HDD
21. IFFPanel
22. HydraulicPressureSelector

23. CabinPressureIndicator
24. HydraulicPressureIndicator

25. Rudderpedalsadjustmentlever
26. WeaponsManagementPanels

27. StandbyAttitudeIndicator
28. MainAttitudeIndicator

29. AltitudeIndicator

Twolightsthatindicateanovertemp,possiblefire
condition.Theycorrespondrespectivelytotheengine
centerandtheenginetailpipe.

IndicatescurrentfuelquantityinKilogramsandcontrols
thetankscrossfeedvalve.

HorizontalSituationIndicator.

Radardisplay.

InformationFriendofForecontrolpanel.

Selectsthehydraulicpumpforthehydraulicpressure
indicator.

Indicatescurrentcabinpressureinbars.

IndicateshydraulicpressureforbothSystem1and
System2inbars.

Adjuststheheightoftherudderpedals.

ConsistsoftwopanelsonbothsidesoftheVTB.
PCA(PostedeCommandeArmementWeapons
ControlPanel):Thispanelcontrolsweaponsselection
andnavigationparameters.ItalsocontrolsHUDdisplay
modes.
PPA(PostedePrparationArmementWeapons
ConfigurationPanel):Thispanelcontrolshowthe
selectedweaponwillbeused.

Auxiliaryattitudeindicator.Onlyshowspitchandroll.

Showpitch,rollandheading.Additionally,ithas
glideslopeandcoursedeviationbarsforuseduringILS
landings.

Indicatesbarometricaltitude(MSL)infeetupto49,999
feet.

18

Left instruments panel

30. EmergencyJettisonButton

31. TrimIndicators

32. CommunicationRadios

33. AntiSkidSwitch
34. Radarcontrolpanel
35. Engineshutdownbutton

36. Audiocontrolpanel

37. Trimcontrolpanel

38. EmergencyOilpumpswitch
39. EmergencyComputerswitch

40. Fueldumpswitch

41. FlyByWireandAutopilottest
panel.
42. FlyByWireEmergencyChannel

43. Afterburnercutoffswitch
44. RadarGroundEmitting
Authorizationswitch

45. TapeRecorderSwitch

Theemergencyjettisonbutton,dropsallweaponsexcept
theMagicmissiles.

Indicatetrimpositionforthecontrolsurfacesinthewings
andtail.

Both main (VHF/UHF) and auxiliary (UHF) radios. The

main radio can be identified by the manual frequency
selectors.

Enable/disablestheantiskidsystem.

Controlsandconfiguresradaroperationalparameters.

AllowsthethrottletoberetardedfromtheGroundIdle
positionbacktotheStopposition.

Controlthevolumeofthefollowingcomponents:
Communicationradios,TACAN,VOR/ILS,Markers,Magic
seekandlocktones.

Emergencypitch/rolltrimcontrol(overridesthetrimhat
ofthestick)andyawtrimcontrol.

Enable/disablestheemergencyoilpump.

Activatesanemergencycomputerifthemaincomputer
fails.Itisagetyouhomesystem.

Dumps all the fuel that exists in the external tanks (if
mounted).

Tests the FBW and Autopilot controls. Must be

performedafterenginestartandbeforeflight.

The FBW emergency channel is a last resort system in

caseoftotalFBWfailure.Theaircraftisputinagetyou
homecondition.Nottobeusedfornormalflight.

Enable/disablestheengineafterburner.

Used by maintenance personnel only. It overrides the

safetysystemthatpreventstheradarfromemittingwhile
ontheground.

Selfexplanatory.
19

46. MidAirstartupswitch
47. EmergencyThrottle

48. Flightcontrolspanel

49. ExteriorLightspanel

50. Dragchutedeployhandle
51. FlightByWirelimiterswitch

52. Canopybreakinghandle
53. LandingGearLever
54. Configurationindicatorpanel.

55. EmergencyLandingGearLever
56. Clock

Startstheenginewhileinflight.

Secondary throttle control, to be used in emergency

situations.

Controlstheaircraftsautomaticflightcontrolsurface:
Souris=Engineshockwavecones.
Pelles=Enginescoopsthatforceairflowintotheauxiliary
intakesforincreasedaircirculationathighAOA.
Becs=WingslatsthatarecontrolledbytheFBWsystem.

SwitchbankfortheNavigation,Anticollisionstrobeand
Formationlights.

Deploystheaircraftdragchutewheninstalled.

SelectsFBWoperationalmode:
A/AForairtoaircombat(Default).
CHARGES (Stores) For carrying any load heavier than
airtoairmissilesandemptycentraltank.

Toopenthecanopyifthehandlefails.

Actuatesthelandinggear.

Indicatesbrakes,landinggear,hook,NWSandAntiSkid
status.

Lowersthelandinggearincaseofprimarysystemfailure.

AnalogclockwithcurrentZULUtime.

Right instruments panel

57. OxygenQuantityIndicator
58. PowerSwitches

59. Caution/WarningAdvisoryPanel

IndicatesOxygensupplyquantity.

Activatestheaircraftselectricalpowersystem:
BATTActivatesthemainbattery.
ALT1EngagesAlternator1.
ALT2EngagesAlternator2.
TRNEnablepowertransferbetweenbuses.

Indicatesemergency/anomalousconditionsinthe
aircraft.ItistiedtotheMasterCaution/Warninglights.
20

Amberlightsarecautionlightsindicatingananomalous
condition.
Redlightsarewarninglightsindicatingemergency
situationsthatputtheaircraftinperil.

60. BlankSwitch
Notused.

61. CanopyUnlock/Lockhandle
Locks/unlocksthecanopy.

62. EmergencyHydraulicPumpSwitch Enables/disablestheemergencyhydraulicpump.Three

positionswitch:OffAutoTest.

63. AudioAlertSwitch
Enables/disablestheaircraftsaudioalerts.Itdoesnot
controllandinggear,AOAandmissiletone.

64. PitotAntiIceSwitch
Enables/disablesthepitotantiicesystem.

65. TACANpanel
ControlstheTACANradio.

66. EmergencyHorizonSwitch
Activatesanemergencyartificialhorizon.

67. Environmentcontrolpanel
Controlsthecockpitandinstrumentsairconditioning
system.

68. CircuitBreakers
Electricalcircuitbreakers.

69. EngineStartpanel
Controlsenginefuelpumpsandstartupsystem.Italso
hastheenginefuelshutoffvalveswitch(robinet
coupefeu).

70. InteriorLightspanel
Controlstheinteriorlightssystem.

71. INSPSM/MIPPanel
ControlsINSoperation.Alsohastheaccessportfor
navigationaldatacartridges.

72. VOR/ILSPanel
ControlstheVOR/ILSradio.

73. ElectronicWarfarePanel
ControlstheRWR,Jammer,Missilelaunchdetectorand
Chaff/Flaresoperation.

74. RadarIFFpanel
ControlstheradarIFFinterrogationsystem.

75. INSPanel
DisplayanddataentrypanelfortheINSsystem.

21

Hands-On-Throttle-And-Stick (HOTAS) System

TheM2000ChasanintegralHOTASsystemthatallowsthepilottocontrolmultiplefunctions.

Button
1
2

Function
TriggerSafetyFlag
MagicSearch/NavUpdate

Trim

ManualDecoyRelease1

PIP

6
7
8

Trigger:MICROB
APDisengage
AARadarModes

NWS/IFFInterrogator

10

APDisconnect

DCSFunction

TrimUP
TrimDOWN
TrimLEFT
TrimRIGHT
FlaresDISPENSE
SpecialModesFWD
SpecialModesAFT
TargetUnlock/SpecialModes
Deselect
WeaponsFIRE/BombsRelease
AutopilotStandbyMode
STT/TWSToggle(TargetLock)
NosewheelSteering/IFF
Interrogate
AutopilotDisconnect/Exceed
ElasticLimit

Key

RCtrl+S
RCtrl+W
RCtrl+A
RCtrl+D
Delete

Back
Space

Enter

22

Button
1
2

Function
JammerPrioritySelector:Radaror
Jamming.
RadioSelector:LeftUHF/Right
V/UHF

SemiAutoDecoyRelease

TDC

AirBrakeIn/Out

PoliceLightOn/Off

WeaponSelection:
AAGun/PCA/Magic

DCSFunction

MainU/VHFRadio
SELECT
Aux.UHFRadioSELECT
ChaffDISPENSE
TDCUp'
TDCDown
TDCLeft
TDCRight
TDCCenter
AirbrakeTOGGLE
AirbrakeON
AirbrakeOFF

AAGunSELECT
PCASelect
MAGICSELECT

Key

Num+
Num
Insert
;
.
,
/

B
LShift+B
LCtrl+B

23

Button

Function

AGDesignator/MagicSlave

RadarAntennaElevation/DEC
HeightSelect4

DCSFunction
MagicSlave2/AG
Designate/INSPosition
Update3
RadarAntennaUP
RadarAntennaDOWN
RadarAntennaCENTER

Key

Note:
ButtonswithoutaDCSFunctionarenotoperational/availableinDCS.
1:ManualandSemiAutoDecoyReleaseassignedDCSfunctionsaretemporaryuntilpermanentones
aredefined.
2:MagicSlaveisnotavailableinthisversion.
3:RadarINSCalibrationisnotavailableinthisversion.
4:DECHeightSelectisnotavailableinthisversion.

HOTAS Functions Description

Stick Functions

SpecialModesFWD:Itsfunctionalitydependsontheselectedattackmode.
o AAMode:ItengagesCloseCombatMode,cyclingbetweenBoresightandVerticalScan
modes.
o AGMode:ItengagesAirtoGroundAttackmode.
SpecialModesAFT:Itsfunctionalitydependsontheselectedattackmode.
o AAMode:ItengagesCloseCombatMode,cyclingbetweenHorizontalScan1andHorizontal
Scan2modes.
o AGMode:ItsetsthesystemtoNAVmodedespiteweaponsselection.
STT/TWSToggle(TargetLock):ItisonlyfunctionalwhenthesystemisinAAorPOLModes.If
thereisnolockedradartarget,itwilllockthetargetbelowtheTDC.Otherwiseitwillcycle
betweenTWS(PID)andSTT(PIC)modes.
NoseWheelSteering/IFFInterrogate:Itsfunctionalitychangesonwhethertheaircraftisonthe
groundorontheair.
o Intheground:Itengages/disengagethenosewheelsteeringsystem(NWS).
o Intheair:IftheradarIFFinterrogatorisenabled,itinterrogatesradarcontactstodetermine
iftheyarefriendorfoe.
AutopilotStandbyMode:Whilethisbuttonispressed,theautopilotisdisconnectedinorderto
maneuvertheaircraftusingtheflightcontrols.

Throttle Functions

AAGunSelect:ItselectstheDEFAgunsforuseandsetsthesysteminAAmodeoverridingany
PCAweaponsselection.PCAselectionissavedinsystemmemory.

PCASelect:ItselectstheweaponthatwasactivatedviaPCA(WeaponsControlPanel).Setsthe
systeminAAorAGmodebasedonweaponsselection.
24

MAGICSelect:ItselectsMAGICmissilesforuseandsetsthesystemtoAAmodeoverridingany
PCAweaponsselection.PCAselectionissavedinsystemmemory.
Note:IftherearenoMAGICmissilesonboardtheaircraft,theDEFAgunswillbeselected
instead.

MagicSlave/AGDesignate/RadarINSCalibration:ItsfunctionalitydependsonsystemMaster
Mode.
o NAVMode:ItvalidatestheINSpositionupdate.
o AAMode:ItslavestheMagicmissileseekertotheradarorviceversa.Onlyworkswhen
thereisalockedradartargetandMagicmissileshavebeenselected.
o AGMode:Itsfunctionalityisbasedonattackmode:
CCRPDirect(NoINS):Itdesignatesthegroundunderthediamondreticleasabombing
target.Ifatargethasbeendesignated,itclearsthedesignation.
INSBombing(IP/BAD):ItworkssimilartoNAVMode,exceptthatitistheIPposition
thatisupdated.

25

Ejection Seat
The M-2000C uses a licensed version of the Martin Baker Mk10 Zero-Zero ejection seat.

The seat can be raised or lowered as the Pilot sees fit.

Button

Function

SeatAdjustment

CockpitCamera

DCSFunction
SeatUp
SeatDown
CameraUp
CameraDown
CameraLeft
CameraRight

Key
LShift+S
LShift+LAlt+S
RCtrl+RShift+KeypadUpArrow
RCtrl+RShift+KeypadDownArrow
RCtrl+RShift+KeypadLeftArrow
RCtrl+RShift+KeypadRightArrow

26

Chapter 2: Engine
SNECMA M53-P2 Engine Information
The M-2000C uses SNECMA M53-P2, afterburning turbofan engine. The M53 is single shaft
driving both the turbofan and compressor. The M53 is relatively older in design in comparison to
the newer engine design of the same generation, it retains very desirable traits for military use.
This can cut maintenance and cost for service and reliability.
The Single spool design of the turbofan engine has it's draw backs. When one compressor section
stalls on a single-spool fan, it directly effects the entire spool. With the two-spool engine, if the one
compressor stalls, the remaining compressor and turbine continue to function independently,
maintaining partial thrust, making it easier to get the stalled compressor working again, without having
to rely on "wind milling" for engine to start.
The M53 is the only known single-spool turbofan extant as of 2013, while SNECMA transitioned
to a more conventional two-spool design such as the M88.

General characteristics M53-P2

Type:
Afterburning single-shaft turbofan
Length:
5,070 mm (199.60 in)
Diameter:
796 mm (31.33 in) inlet
Dry weight:
1,515 kg (3,340 lb)
Compressor: 8-stage axial compressor
Combustors: annular
Turbine: 2-stage axial turbine
Dry thrust: 64.7 kN (6,600 kgp / 14,500 lbf)
Afterburning thrust: 95.1 kN (9,700 kgp / 21,400 lbf)

27

Engine Control
The engine throttle is located on the left instrument panel. The throttle is controlled by a lever in
the center of the throttle quadrant.

Engine Startup Panel

The M-2000C does not have an Auxiliary Power Unit, instead it relies on a jet starter to start the
SNECMA M53-P2 engine. The jet starter uses both internal fuel and battery power to do its job,
although a Power Cart is preferred to prevent draining the battery of all power.
To control the start of the engine, there is a startup and control panel on the right console that will
allow this operation.

1.
2.
3.
4.

Starter button
Starter fuel pump
Boost fuel pumps
Ignition/Ventilation Switch

5. Fuel Shut-Off Valve Switch

Starts the engine.

Used to supply fuel to the engine during start sequence.
Left (G) and Right (D) boost fuel pumps.
Allows ventilation during ignition during engine start.
Three position switch:
VENT(default), Left (G) and Right (D)
Set the shut-off fuel valve in the closed (left) or open
(right) position.

28

Engine Instruments
The M-2000C engine instruments consist of 3 indicators that display engine RPM and
temperature.
1. Engine RPM (N) Needle.
2. Engine RPM (N) Display.
3. Engine T7 Temperature indicator.

Engine Warning Lights

Start Up Light
The Start Up is located on the upper right area of the main panel. When
the engine is in start mode the light will illuminate, once the engine has
started the light will go out.

Afterburner Status Light

The Afterburner Status light is located on the upper right area of the
main panel (next to the Start Up Light). When the Afterburner is in use
the light will illuminate.

Engine Fire Warning Light

Illuminates when there is a Fire in the Engine's Secondary and or
Afterburner Chambers.

29

Figure1Enginepanelslocations

30

Chapter 3: Fuel System

The M-2000C fuel system consist of a left and right fuel groups consisting each one of a
wing tank, a feeder tank and a forward tank in the fuselage. Also in the front of the aircraft, just
aft of the cockpit the engine central tank is located. All fuel tanks are part of the aircraft
structure. The aircraft also has three wet points, under each wing and under fuselage in the
centerline, for three external fuel tanks that can duplicate total fuel load.

Description
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Right group forward tank

Right group wing tank
Right group feeder tank
Left group feeder tank
Center tank
Left group forward tank
Left group wing tanks
Total Internal fuel:
RP-522 centerline tank
Total Internal + RP-522 fuel:
RP-541 wing tank (each)
Total Internal + 3 ext. fuel:

Kg
304.0
523.0
592.5
592.5
320.0
304.0
523.0
3160.0
995.0
4155.0
1580.0
7315.0

Capacity
Lbs
US Gals
670.0
101.7
1154.0
175.0
1306.0
198.1
1306.0
198.1
705.0
107.0
670.0
101.7
1154.0
175.0
6966.0
1056.6
2194.0
332.9
9160.0
1389.7
3482.3
528.6
16122.26
2446.9

Liters
385.0
662.5
750.0
750.0
405.0
385.0
662.5
4000.0
1300.0
5260.0
1700.0
8660.0

The aircraft has aerial refueling capability using a detachable probe on the starboard
side just in front of the cockpit.

31

Fuel Gauge
Displays the fuel weight and controls transfer of the fuel system. All values displayed in
this gauge are in Kilograms.
1. Refuel Transfer Light
Displays when Aerial Refueling Switch is
on.

2. JAUG Fuel Amount Counter

Displays Total Internal fuel amount. This
number is a measure by sensors mounted
inside the internal tanks (except wing
ones, which are estimated).

3. Left feeder fuel level indicator

Displays the left feeder tank fuel amount.

4. DETOT Fuel Amount Counter

Displays Total fuel available to the aircraft,
internal + external tanks. This number is
the result of subtracting the (measured)
fuel consumption from the starting total
(value set before engine start).

5. AFF DETOT Fuel Display Switch

Displays/refresh information
DETOT Fuel counter.

for

the

6. Right feeder fuel level indicator

Displays the right feeder tank fuel amount.

7. Fuel warning Lights

Indicates when a fuel tank is empty.

8. Internal Fuel Transfer Control

Allows the Fuel transfer to keep fuel level
balanced.

9. TRANSF Test Switch

Test Fuel Transfer circuit.

32

Fuel warning lights

The fuel warning lights indicates when a given fuel tank is empty. It consists of three groups:
RL = External fuel tanks. There is one light for each tank.
AV = Forward fuselage tanks. There is one light for each group: Left and Right.
V = Wing fuel tanks. There is one light for each group: Left and Right.
The following image show when each group of lights are lit and the amount of fuel remaining at
the time.

NIVEAU

The Master Warning

light will turn on when the fuel remaining fells below 500 Kgs.
At that time, you have a few minutes before flameout.

33

Fuel Flow Gauge and Bingo fuel selector

Located on the Main Panel it displays the fuel flow and controls the Bingo fuel alarm.
1. Fuel Flow
Displays the engine fuel consumption in
kilograms per minute Kg/mn

2. Bingo fuel selector

The drums are used to activate the Bingo
Fuel Alarm

Note: Bingo is used to indicate the minimum

amount of fuel required for a safe return to base. If
an aircraft keeps flying after the Bingo mark it will
require air refueling to return.

External tanks fuel dump switch.

The M-2000C can only dump the fuel that exist in the external tanks. The switch that
controls the fuel dump is located in the rear of the left instrument panel,
above the FBW and Autopilot Test Panel. It is a guarded switch with a
yellow/black stripped cover. Once opened, you cannot close the dump
valve.
Fuel Dump Times:
RP-522 = 2m30s
RP-541 = 4m

34

Fuel boost pumps.

The aircraft has two boost pumps to ensure fuel flow into the engine during inverted
flight. The time of inverted flight is limited to 15 seconds and only if the level in the
feeder tanks is equal or above 320 Kgs each when inverted flight is entered.
The switches for the fuel boost pumps are located in the Engine Start Panel.

Figure2Fuelpanelslocations

35

Chapter 4: Electrical Power Supply System

The M-2000C power supply system consists of an alternating current (AC) and a direct
current (DC) circuits.

2 115/200 volts 20 KVA triphasic alternators (57 A per phase).

2 150A/28V transformers-regulators (one for normal use, the other for
emergencies).
1 24 volts 40A/h rechargeable battery.
1 200VA power converter.
1 100 VA triphasic converter for the flight computer.

The aircraft also has connectors for external power supply (very often used when on the
ground, to keep battery life up).

Electrical Power Controls

The aircraft power supply is controlled by a four switch bank located on top of the right
instruments panel, just above the Warning/Caution Lights panel.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Master Battery Switch

Main Transformer Switch
Alternator 1 Switch
Alternator 2 Switch.

36


Figure3Circuitbreakerpanel

Figure4PowerSupplypanels

Power Distribution Schematics

Both the AC and DC circuits are divided into the following buses:
1. 6x AC buses
1.1. AC 1 Main bus
1.2. AC rseau dalerte (QRA) bus
1.3. AC 1 Emergency bus
1.4. AC 1 Secondary (load-shedable) bus
1.5. AC 2 Main bus
1.6. AC 2 Secondary (load-shedable) bus
2. 4x DC buses
2.1. DC Main bus
2.2. DC "rseau d'alerte" (QRA) bus
2.3. DC Secondary (load-shedable) bus
2.4. Battery bus

NoteaboutAC&DC"rseaud'alerte"
(QRA)buses:
TheseareinfactpartoftheACmain1bus
and the DC main bus, that can be
powered separately, only when the
aircraft is on the ground (with GPU) on
QRA duties; those busses allow some
devices to remain powered during alert
so that startup and takeoff will be
speeded up (most obvious example: the
INS, which remain powered = aligned =
ready to go). In the air, "Alert Network"
switch being off, those buses are
poweredfromtheACmain1busandthe
DCmainbus.

37

38

Electrical Power Warning Lights

Alternator 1 is disconnected/failed

ALT1

Alternator 2 is disconnected/failed

ALT2

Main battery is disconnected/failed

BATT

Main Transformer is disconnected/failed or Auxiliary transformer has

failed.

TR

Battery is discharging. Only 30 minutes of DC power remain.

CC

Electrical Power Emergency Conditions

Situation

Alarmlight(s)

GPUOn

ALT1
ALT2

~ACbusses

=DCbusses

Remarks

AllOn

AllOn

Lightsarejustindicating
thealternatorsareoffline,
allisOK.

AllOn

AllOn

Batterypowersitsownbus
butisnotconnected,not
reloaded.

ACQRAOn
AllothersOff

DCQRAOn
AllothersOff

Normalsituationwhen
aircraftisonQRAduty,on
groundbutreadytogo.

BothACmainbusesare
poweredbyremaining
alternator(**)
Asaconsequence,bothAC
Sec.busesareswitchedOff
(*)

GPUOn+BATT
switchOff

ALT1
ALT2
BATT

GPUOn+QRA
switchOn(up)
Alternator1failure
(orswitchedoff)
Alternator2failure
(orswitchedoff)

None(***)

ALT1
ALT2

ACSec.1Off(*)
ACMain1On
ACEmergencyOn

ACQRAOn
ACMain2On
ACSec.2Off(*)

AllOn

39

Situation

Alarmlight(s)

DoubleAlternator
failure(orswitched
off)

ALT1
ALT2
TR

TRNfailure(+TR
switchup)

TR

TRSfailure(+TR

TR

switchdown)

~ACbusses

ACEmergencyOn
AllothersOff

=DCbusses
AllOn
poweredby
batteryonly

AllOn

AllOn
powered
throughTRS

AllOn

AllOn
poweredby
batteryonly

AllOn

DCMain:On
DCQRA:On
DCSec:Off(*)
Batt:On

AllOn
powered
throughTRS

orTRN+TRSfailure

Remarks
AnticipatequickCCfailure
becauseofbattery
discharge.
ACEmergencybusis
poweredfrombatteryvia
emergencyinverter.

TRScomesonline
automaticallypilot
confirmsthisbyflipping
downtheTRswitch=the
TRstatuslightthencomes
off.

AnticipatequickCCfailure
becauseofbattery
discharge.

(whateverTRswitch
positionis)

Batterydischarge,
tensiononDC
buses<26V

TR
CC

FailureonmainAlt
bus1(e.g.major
shortcircuit)

ALT1

FailureonmainAlt
bus2(e.g.major
shortcircuit)

ALT2

Batteryfailure

BATT

TR

ACSec.1Off(*)
ACMain1Off
ACEmergencyOn

ACQRAOff
ACMain2On
ACSec.2Off(*)
ACSec.1Off(*)
ACMain1On
ACEmergencyOn
ACQRAOn
ACMain2Off
ACSec.2Off(*)

AllOn

AllOn

Landinlessthan30
minutes,batterydischarge.

TRScomesonline
automaticallypilot
confirmsthisbyflipping
downtheTRswitch=the
statuslightthencomesoff.
ACEmergencybusis
poweredfrombatteryvia
emergencyinverter.

DCMain:On
DCQRA:On
DCSec:On
Batt:Off

ProvidedACpowerandTR
areavailable,onlytheBatt
busislost(Battswitch
comesautomaticallyoffline
ifbatteryfailureoccurs)

40

Situation
Batteryisolated
(switchdown)
Batteryisolated
(switchdown)+
DoubleTRfailure

Alarmlight(s)

BATT

None(***)

~ACbusses

=DCbusses

AllOn

AllOn

AllOn

DCMain:Off
DCQRA:Off
DCSec:Off
Batt:On

AllOff

Remarks
Batterynotreloaded
anymore;IRLit'sforbidden
todosoinflight.

Neartotalelectricfailure
situation.

Totalelectricfailure
Batteryfailure+
None(***)
AllOn
situation.
DoubleTRfailure

(*)byautomaticloadshedding
(**)poweredbytheremainingalternatorthroughatransferboxbetweenAlt1&Alt2mainbusses
(***)thealarmpanelisnotpoweredanymore:allalarmslightsareoff

41

Chapter 5: Lighting
Interior lights.
The interior lights consist of:
Main panel instruments backlighting
Side panels instruments backlighting
Red flood lights for low vision use.
White flood lights.
The panel is located on the right instruments panel, below the Air Conditioning panel.
Interior lights are fed from the battery
1. Cockpit flood lights (red)
2. Main Instruments panel
backlight.
3. Cockpit flood lights (white)
4. Side Instruments panels
backlight.
5. Not used.
6. Not used.

Exterior lights.
The exterior lights consist of:
3 navigation lights, controlled by the FEUX NAV switch.
6 formation lights, controlled by the FEUX FORMAT switch.
2 anti-collision lights, controlled by the ANTI COLL switch.
1 Police searchlight on the left side of the aircraft. Used to identify unknown
aircrafts. The switch is located in the left instruments panel, labeled PHARE
POLICE. When On, the trigger at the left of the throttle controls the searchlight
On/Off (otherwise this trigger:
o 2 air-refueling lights:
o 1 foldable light mounted on the right-hand fuselage to light the basket and
o 1 Light on the tip on the aircraft nose, at the bottom of the air refueling
probe, to enlighten the tip of the probe; both are enabled by the RVT
mode switch, and their intensity controlled by the PHARE RAVIT knob.)
2 Landing/taxi lights in the nose wheel, controlled by the PHARES switch in the
left instruments panel. The switch has three positions: Off, Taxiing and Landing.
The lights are automatically disconnected when the landing gear is raised.

42

1. Anti-collision lights.
2. Navigation lights
3. Formation lights

Figure5InternalandExternallightspanels

43

Chapter 6: Hydraulic System

The aircrafts hydraulic system includes two independent systems with the same power.
Each system has a 110 liter/min self-regulating pump with 280 bars of pressure.
Additionally, there is a reserve electrical pump (EP) which is connected to system 2 and
that automatically starts when the pressure in system 2 fells below 160 bars. This pump
provides 190 bars of pressure only, for flight controls and parking brake/emergency
brakes accumulator.

Hydraulic System Controls and Gauges

1. Hydraulic Pressure Gauge
2. Hydraulic System selector
(for gauge display).

Hydraulic System feeds description

System 1

Air brakes
Slats (becs)
Engine shock cones (souris)
Engine scoops (pelles)
Landing gear (normal)
Wheel brakes (normal).

System 2

Emergency landing gear actuator.

NWS
Emergency brakes
Parking brakes.

44

Hydraulic System Warning Lights

HYD1
HYD2
HYDS
EP

System 1 pressure is below 195 bars

System 2 pressure is below 195 bars
System 2 pressure is below 140 bars, or the EP switch is in Off.
The reserve pump (EP) is active.

Figure6HydraulicSystemPanels

45

Chapter 7: Flight Controls

Description
The M-2000C has a Fly-By-Wire (FBW) system with 4 channels of control plus a fifth
emergency one. The FBW allows the aircraft to:
Control an unstable aircraft, especially when carrying external stores which have
a significant impact on performance.
Help the pilot to prevent loss of control by overriding flight commands that are
outside their parameters.

Mobile surfaces.

4 elevons for pitch and roll control.

1 rudder
2 pairs of automatic slats (becs).

The elevons and the rudder are controlled by an electro-hydraulic servo connected to the
two hydraulic circuits (HYD1 and HYD2). The servos are connected to two motor-servos
(NORMAL and EMERGENCY).
The slats are controlled by a pair of motors that are actuated by HYD1 and move
depending on the flight conditions.

Normal Operation
Elevators
Stick displacement:
Up
Down

Elastic stop at 43.2 mm

Mechanical stop at 54 mm.
Mechanical stop at 30 mm.

The elastic stop provides a restraint that limits the load factor or AOA while allowing
override during hard maneuvers.
The stick movement is filtered and reduced so that the total displacement + trim does not
exceed the elastic stop unless that is the pilots will. The deflection order has an airspeed
limiter to prevent high loads.
Flight commands are regulated to avoid high Gs when speeds are above 300 knots.
46

The control stick allows the pilot to control the load factor.
At low airspeed, the AOA is the primary parameter for flight control.
The aircraft stabilization is a function of load factor, pitch angle, AOA and dynamic
pressure.

Ailerons
Stick displacement: 12
The stick movement is filtered and reduced to maintain the roll speed limit, as a function
of elevator command and load factor in order to reduce the roll speed and acceleration
during high AOA and wing loads.
The aileron trim is added to the stick movement.
Aircraft stabilization is achieved as a function of roll angular speed.

Rudder
Pedals displacement: 28.5 mm.
Rudder authority is limited by stick pull-up command.
A transverse accelerometer provides static stabilization.
A yaw gyro provides with dynamic dampening.
There is a yaw stabilization function that maintains zero lateral acceleration during steady
flight (no cross maneuvers). If active, rudder trim is redundant since both devices tend to
cancel each other out. Yaw stabilization is particularly important in aiding fast rolling and
turning coordination to prevent departure from controlled flight.
ATTENTION
The rudder has a limited role in steering the aircraft. It is
unnecessaryexceptincertainregimentsasduringairrefueling,
airtoground targeting or crosswind landing. To cover the
lattercase,theauthorityoftherudderisincreasedwhenthe
landinggearisdown.

47

Fly-By-Wire
Slats (becs)
The automatic slats are controlled by AOA. They begin to operate at = 4 and are fully
extended when = 10. Extension depends on speed and mach. The slats are
automatically retracted when the landing gear is down.
ATTENTION
To cover certain cases when landing speed is too low due to
enginedamage,theslatscanbeextendedmanually,whenthe
landinggearisdown,byclickingtheBECSswitchtotheSORTIS
position.

The

DECOL

(DCOLLAGE/TAKE-OFF CONFIG) warning light turns on if:

The cover for the FBW test switch is open.
The FBW test warning light is red.
The aircraft is not trimmed for take-off
Emergency trim is selected.
BECS switch is not in the AUTO position.
ANEMO switch is in the OFF position

Figure7BECS(slats)switch

Figure8Wingslats

48

FBW Modes Switch

The FBW mode switch is used by the pilot to adapt the FBW system to the stores loaded
into the aircraft. There are two modes Air/Air and Charges (Load).
Air/Air Mode (Default)

Limits load factor for the elevator elastic stop to 8.5 g ( 0.5 g).
Limits AOA to 27 when speeds are under 100 knots, otherwise the limit is 29
Limits the roll speed and angular acceleration to 270/sec.
Audio warning when alpha >= 29, stick at full aft position, or indicated air speed
below 100 knots.

This mode is allowed when the aircraft is clean (no loads), or with a load limited to air-toair missiles (Magic and/or 530D) and an empty centerline fueltank.
Charges Mode

Limits load factor for the elevator elastic stop to 5.5 g ( 0.5 g).
Audio warning when alpha >= 20. The pilot must abide to this limit by himself.
Limits pilot roll command based on load factor.
Limits roll angular speed to 150/sec.

This mode must be used when the aircraft carries any of the following load: non-empty
centerline droppable fuel tank, any wing droppable fuel tank, any bomb or rockets pod.

Degraded mode operation

Tobedescribedinfullreleasemanual

Emergency mode operation

Tobedescribedinfullreleasemanual

49

Controls

Figure9FBWModeswitch

Figure10FBWModeswitchlocation

FBW Warning Lights

MAN

Damage to the control gyros (roll and yaw).

DOM

Damage to flight control surfaces control.

BECS

Slats functionality is compromised

GAIN

Emergency FBW computer in use

USEL

LAST EMERGENCY enabled.

DECOL

Take-Off configuration incorrect (refer to the Slats entry).

Damage to AOA sensors.

50

Trim System

Tobedescribedinfullreleasemanual

51

Automatic Pilot
Description
The Automatic Pilot (AP) have two operational modes:
Basic mode
Attitude hold (pitch and heading). If the roll angle is higher than 10 when the AP is
engaged, then instead of heading hold, the AP will hold the roll angle.

NOTE:WHENAPISENGAGED,THEPILOTCAN
USETHETRIMHATOFTHESTICKTO
COMMANDATURNORACLIMB/DIVE.
Advanced mode

Current altitude hold.

Selected altitude hold.
Localizer and Glideslope hold (Approach hold). In this mode the AP automatically
follows an ILS course and glideslope to the runway threshold (Autoland).

Normal Operation
Operational limits
Max altitude
Max pitch angle
Max AOA
Max Roll
Max speed
Minimum speed
Minimum altitude

50,000 feet
40
18
65 (will return to 60 when engaged)
50 KIAS less than the operational limit for current configuration
200 KIAS
Normal mode:
500 feet
Localizer and Glideslope hold
200 feet
Selected altitude hold
1,000 feet

52

AP engagement/disconnect.
P A
P
1. Click on the
button in the PA control panel. The
light will turn on,
indicating that the PA system is armed.
P A
P
A
2. Click again on the
button. The
light will turn off and the
will turn on, indicating that the PA system is engaged.

light

Current Altitude Hold.

1. Click on the

ALT

button. The

light turns on indicating that the

system is armed.

2. Click again on the

ALT

button. The

ALT

light turns on and the

aircraft will level at the current altitude.

Selected Altitude Hold.

1. Select the desired altitude by clicking on the selector drums. Minimum altitude is
1,000 feet.
2. Click on the

ALT

button. The

AFF

light turns on indicating that the

AFF
system is armed.

3. Click again on the

ALT

button. The

ALT

light turns on and the

AFF
aircraft will level at the selected altitude.

Localizer and Glideslope Hold.

This AP function is not available on the Beta version.

53

Controls

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Autopilot test button.

Autopilot Master Switch.
Altitude Hold button.
Selected Altitude Hold button.
Not used.
Localizer and Glideslop Hold button.
Altitude Selector Drums.

Figure11Autopilotpanellocation

Warning Lights
The

AP

light will turn on in case of any problem with the AP system.

54

Chapter 8: Landing Gear

The M-2000C has a tricycle landing gear. The nose wheel is composed of two small tires
and has a steering assembly. The main gears have a single large tire and are equipped
with carbon disk brakes. The aircraft is equipped with an anti-skid system and a parking
brake.
They are operated by the HYD1 system with the HYD2 for emergency use.

Controls

Figure12Landinggearpanel

Figure13Landinggearcontrolslocations
Figure14Landinggearlever

Figure15AntiSkidswitch

55

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

AF (short for Aro Freins, Air brakes advisory lights.

DIRAV (short for Dirigeabilit Roue Avant, Nose Wheel Steering) advisory light.
CROSS (short for Crosse, Tailhook) advisory light
FREIN (Brakes) advisory light
SPAD (Systme Perfectionn Anti-Drapant, Anti-Skid) warning light
3xLanding Gear in transit advisory lights
Landing Gear Down and Locked advisory light
Combination Landing Gear Handle and Landing Gear Warning light.

Warning Lights
A

The

The
advisory light turns on when the NSW system is engaged. Be
aware that the light remains ON when it automatically disconnects when ground
speed is over 40 knots.

The

SPAD
The
warning light flashes when the landing gear is in transition. Remains
On if the anti-skid system automatic test fails.

PARK
The
warning light turns on when the parking brake is set.
The landing gear warning light flashes when:
o Landing gear is down and speed is above 260 KIAS.
o Landing gear is up and speed drops below 230 KIAS.
o The warning light is accompanied by a warning horn. The warning horn is
only active when the aircraft systems are in NAV or APP modes.

and
DIRAV

FREIN

advisory lights turn on when the airbrakes are activated.

advisory light turns on when wheel brakes are applied.

Precautions

The NWS is very sensitive, especially at speeds above 30 knots GS.

The NWS automatically disconnects when speed is over 40 knots GS.
After landing AVOID applying brakes until your speed is below 100 knots. Prefer
aero-braking at higher speeds.
The braking should be made with press and release technique: apply brakes
one second, release for one second, apply again and so on.
The aircraft is very sensitive to rudder when rolling for take-off or landing, even if
the NSW is not active.

56

Chapter 9: Flight Instruments

Altitude Indicator
The Altitude Indicator displays the Aircraft's barometric altitude in feet above mean sea
level in feet. The readings are taken from the pitot tube on the nose of the aircraft.
1. Hundreds feet indicator.
2. Thousands feet indicators
3. Barometric setting adjustment
knob.
4. Barometric setting display (in
millibars).

Airspeed Indicator
The Air Speed Indicator displays the Aircraft's speed in knots and mach. The needle
rotates around the indicator to 800 Knots. While the Mach wheel rotates underneath,
correlating to the knots' needle position to display the mach.
1. Knots indicator
2. Mach indicator

57

Vertical Velocity Indicator

Displays the aircraft vertical velocity in feet/min. The number represents 1000 feet.

Attitude Direction Indicator ADI (Boule)

The Attitude Direction Indicator displays the Aircraft's pitch, bank, and compass heading
direction. The pitch markings on the sphere are in graduations of 5, the Bank markings
begin at 10 increments with major markings at to 30, then 45, and 60. Signals are
received from the pitot and INS system.
The ADI also displays Localizer and Glide slope information for ILS landing and steer
modes.

1. Roll angle indicator

2. Off flag
3. Aircraft symbol (fixed)
4. Marker light
5. Turn slip ball
6. Course deviation needle
7. Glideslope deviation needle
8. Cage knob

58

AOA Indicator
The AOA Indicator displays the Aircraft's Angle of Attack. The
markings go from -2 to 32 of AOA, with a green mark at 14 degrees
for optimal glide pitch during landing approaches.
The AOA Indicator sounds an alarm when AOA values approach the
aircraft flight limits. The AOA limits are configured depending on the
FBWs mode switch.
The warning sound cannot be switched off and will remain on while the
extreme flight condition remains.
An OFF flag appears when for any reason the AOA indicator is not
operational.

Standby Attitude Indicator

The Standby attitude indicator is an independent instrument that provides pitch and roll
information in case of the main ADI failure
1.
2.
3.
4.

Aircraft symbol (adjustable).

OFF flag.
Roll angle indicator.
Cage/Aircraft symbol adjustment
knob.

G Force Indicator
Displays the vertical acceleration forces experienced by both the
aircraft and the pilot.

59

Chapter 10: Heads Up Display HUD

The HUD control panel is located on the center and top of the Main Instruments panel.
The HUD displays navigation, flight control and weapons delivery information in symbolic
and alphanumeric format. HUD navigation, flight and weapons symbols are positioned
depending on display mode (Master Mode) selected.

Controls
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Reticle glass.
EFF switch.
Symbology de-clutter switch.
Target wingspan scale.
Gun piper selector.
Power switch and brightness
control.
7. Backup fixed sight and
boresight adjustment.
8. Radar altimeter switch:
9. Minimum altitude selector
10. Altitude display selector:
a. ZB: Barometric.
b. H: Radar altimeter.
c. HG: Minimum altitude.
11. Gun camera switch.

Operation
To turn on the HUD, click on the power switch once. The next click will activate the selftest.

60

Altitude display
By default, only barometric altitude, Mean Sea Level altitude, is shown, if you require
Above Ground Level altitude you must activate the radar altimeter:
1. Click on the radar altimeter switch once. The next click will activate the self-test.
2. Click on the altimeter selector switch. By default, it will be in the ZB (barometric
altitude) position. Click once to put it in the H (radar altimeter) position.
3. Both the barometric and radar altitudes will be visible in the HUD.
Be aware that the radar altimeter has a limit of 5,000 feet AGL. Asterisks will be
displayed when the aircraft AGL altitude is above 5,000 feet. Asterisks will also be
displayed whenever the aircraft roll angle is higher than 20, since at that angle the
radar altimeter beam cannot give a reliable measure.

Minimum Altitude display

The Minimum Altitude (MA) display indicates the minimum safe altitude that you can fly.
During landings and when the HUD is in APP (approach) mode, the MA also works as
the Decision Height selector.
To operate the MA you need to have the radar altimeter activated. To activate it, you
only need to click the altimeter selector to the HG position. The MA display will appear
below the AGL altitude display.
To select the desired MA value, click on the knob located between the radar altimeter
and the altimeter selector switches. The values will change in tens of feet.
Left click increases the value.
Right click decreases the value.

De-clutter switch (ALL)

The de-clutter switch suppresses some of the HUDs symbols in order to clear the
display for a better view forward. By default, it is in the Off position.

Target Wingspan scale (ENV)

See Guns under AA mode.

61

Gun piper selector

See Guns under AA mode.

Backup fixed sight and boresight adjustment

Not available in Open Beta.

Operational Modes
The HUD display information based on the current operational mode, also known as
Master Mode. The HUD current Master Mode is selected by the Armament Control Panel.
There are three main Master Modes and each one have their own sub-modes:
1. Navigation NAV
a. Normal, (or Taxi/Take-Off, engaged automatically by weight-on-wheels sensor)
b. Approach APP
2. Air-to-Air AA
a. Guns
b. Magic
c. 530
3. Air-to-Ground
a. Guns/Rockets
b. CCRP
c. CCIP
4. Interception Director
5. Auxiliary Gunsight

HUD Display
No matter what Master Mode/Sub-mode is active all of them share the following data:
Note: The HUDs waterline, the aircrafts vertical reference
against which several readings are compared, is located
slightly below the Heading scale. There are no visible
representations of its position in the HUD. In the image below,
the dotted red line indicates the waterline position.
62

1. Indicated Air Speed (IAS)

Located to the left of the Heading Scale, it shows the current aircraft speed in
knots. The display is only shown when the airspeed is above 30 knots.
2. Heading Scale (HS)
The Heading Scale moves horizontally against a fixed caret index indicating
aircraft magnetic heading from 0 to 360. The scale is numbered every 10
degrees, with a dot representing the 5 degree halfway mark between two numbers.
The two-digit display is expressed in degrees x 10; e.g.: 10 is displayed 01 and
250 is displayed 25.
3. Barometric Altitude (BA)
Located to the right of the Heading Scale, it shows the current aircraft altitude
above sea level. The numbers representing values below one hundred are shown
in a smaller font.
4. Flight Path Marker (FPM)
The Flight Path Marker also known as the Velocity Vector Indicator (VVI) is an
aircraft shaped symbols that shows in the HUD where the aircrafts instantaneous
flight path with respect to the earth. The wings of the symbol always remain parallel
to the wings of the aircraft. The vertical relationship between the waterline and the
FPM indicates true AOA. The FPM displacement from the HUD centerline
indicates drift.
5. Horizon Line (HL)
A component of the Flight Path Pitch Ladder, it indicates the relative position of the
horizon. The higher the aircrafts altitude, the higher the position of the HL with
respect of the actual horizon. When the FPM is at the same level of the HL, the
aircraft is in level flight neither climbing nor descending.
6. Flight Path Pitch Ladder (FPPL)
The vertical flight path angle of the aircraft is indicated by the position of the FPPL
relative to the position of the FPM. The aircraft pitch attitude is indicated by the
position of the HUD waterline with respect to the FPPL about the stabilized wings
of the FPM. The HL and the FPPL angle lines are displayed for each 5 with the
angle value being displayed every 10 between 0 and 90. Positive pitch lines are
solid and negative pitch lines are dashed. The tabs at the end of each segment
points towards the horizon.

63

7. Acceleration Vector (AV)

The Acceleration Vector chevrons indicate the aircraft longitudinal acceleration. It
is a way to display aircrafts current energy state visually. The AV chevrons move
in relation to the FPM: when the chevrons and the FPM are at the same level, the
aircraft is flying at a constant speed. If the chevrons are above the FPM, then the
aircraft is accelerating. If the chevrons are below the FPM, the aircraft is
decelerating. Chevron position above or below the FPM is relative to the
acceleration rate.
8. Mach number
The Mach number is displayed in all modes and only when the value is above 0.6
Mach.

Figure16HUDcommonsymbols.Thewaterlinepositionismarkedasareddottedline
(onlyasareference,itisnotvisibleintheaircraft).

64

NAV
Navigation model (NAV) is the aircrafts default Master Mode. It displays navigation data
and provide steer instructions as indicated by the INS.

1.
2.
3.
4.

Distance to Waypoint (in nautical miles).

Waypoint number.
Waypoint track angle error.
Selected route (for Auto-Pilot).

Notes:
a. The waypoint track angle error follows the height of the FPM in the HUD.
b. When the distance to the waypoint is less than 10 nautical miles, the waypoint
track angle error is substituted by a target cross which is placed at the exact
geographical position of the waypoint.
c. When the distance is below 4 nautical miles, the waypoint symbols will tend to drift.
This is normal since it is a secondary effect of the large circle navigation
calculations being made by the INS.
65

d. The waypoint automatically changes to the next when distance is below 1.5
nautical miles.

APP
It is a sub mode of NAV and is used during landings. In this mode the HUD display ILS
cues.
Note: In APP mode the BA, HS and IAS move from the top of the
combiner glass down to the center. In APP mode is necessary to
move the seat up in order to increase the field of view.

Before glideslope capture

1. Angle of Attack guide.
Indicates the optimum angle of attack for landing the aircraft. You must place both
the FPM and the AV chevrons within the brackets for a perfect landing.
The brackets represent an AOA value of 14 0.5
Note: The analog AOA indicator (refer to the flight instruments chapter) also has
the AOA for landing zone marked in green.
2. Localizer deviation.
Indicates the angle of deviation to the localizer signal. It is visible only after the
localizer capture.
3. Localizer Symbol
The open box symbol represents the localizer station position in the horizon. It
moves laterally depending on the signal angle of deviation. It is only visible after
the localizer is captured.
4. Runway Symbol
Represents the position of the runway on the horizon.
5. Angle of Attack reading.
Displays current AOA value.

66


Figure17HUDILSdisplayafterlocalizercaptureandbeforeglideslopecapture.

After glideslope capture

1. ILS Guide
Visible only when both localizer and glideslope have been captured. It moves in
relation to the FPM showing both glideslope and course deviation. To maintain a
perfect approach, you have to place the FPM inside the box.
If the deviation from either glideslope or course is too large, a flashing triangle (not
shown) will appear indicating that a course/elevation change is required.
2. Synthetic Runway
The synthetic runway symbol is an aid for locating the real runway, especially
during low visibility conditions. It is only visible when:
67

a. The INS is on.

b. The airport is the current fly-to waypoint.
c. The runway data (heading and glideslope) were entered.
d. Both localizer and glideslope have been captured
e. The runway is less than 10 nautical miles away.
f. Lateral deviation is less than 7.
The synthetic runway will be overlaid on top of the runway and the rectangle will
grow as the distance to the runway decreases.
The synthetic runway is removed from the HUD as soon as there is weight on the
landing gears wheels.
3. Marker Symbol
The flashing M symbol is shown when the aircrafts system detects the airports
Outer, Middle and Inner markers.
4. Radar altitude
Shown below the FPM if the radar altimeter is On and when the radar altitude is
below the Decision Height value.

Figure18HUDILSdisplayafterglideslopecapture.

68

AA
As it names implies it is used for air-to-air combat. It has two weapons based sub
modes: guns and missiles. No Navigation data is displayed in this mode.
Guns

Figure19HUDAAGunmode:Noradarlock

Figure20 HUDAAGunmode:Noradarlock

1. Gun Cross
Indicates the guns boresight. It is placed on the conjunction of the HUD centerline
and the aircrafts waterline. The boresight has a max range of 200 meters.
2. Bullet path prediction (Gun Snake)
The gun snake shows the flying path of a stream of bullets fired for 25 seconds. It
has a max range of 1,000 meters.
3. Ammo count
Shows the current count of 30 mm ammunition for each gun.
4. Close Combat mode designation
Indicates which close combat mode is being used.
5. Wingspan markers
These lines are placed at the 300 and the 600 meter range in the gun snake and
are used to represent a target wingspan in order to help determine its range. The
wingspan marker are not static and its width can be dynamically changed by using
the ENV knob (ENV is short for envergure, wingspan in French). The ENV knob
69

changes the wingspan marker width to represent a target from 7 meters up to 40

meters.
The wingspan markers are visible only when there is no radar lock.
6. Radar gun piper
The radar gun piper indicates the exact range to an air target that has a radar
lock. It moves alongside the gun snake, indicating the exact position of the target
in the bullet stream.
7. Radar lock elements
Please refer to the radar chapter for a description of these elements.
How to use the gun snake

The gun snake is an air gunnery targeting help. It depicts the path of a bullet stream fired
for 25 seconds. The tail of the snake is located at the gun cross. The head of the snake
ends at the 1000 meter range.
To hit a target you must put the gun snake alongside its flight path. You must take care
of placing the target at the correct snake position based on its range. The closer to the
gun cross, the lower the range.
The wingspan markers are helpers to determine target range without the use of radar.
When you manage to place a targets silhouette on the wingspan markers you can
calculate a range approximation based on how wide the target is versus the wingspan
markers width. As you can see, a basic precondition is that you must know the
approximate wingspan of your target and to adjust the wingspan marker to that value.
Once you have determined range to target, you place the target at the snake position
where a hit is assured.
If you are using radar and your target has radar lock, the wingspan markers are replaced
by the radar gun piper. The radar gun piper makes the gunnery easier by indicating the
place in the gun snake where a hit is certain. You only have to put your target on the spot
in the snake marked by the radar gun piper.
Remember that the closer the target is to the gun cross, the lower the
range. If you place a small silhouette near the gun cross you will miss since
the actual range is higher. Conversely, if you place a large silhouette near
the head of the snake, you will also miss since the range is lower.

70

Missiles

1. Available missiles
Indicates how many missiles are available. G = Left (Gauche) and D = Right (Droit).
The letter disappears when the corresponding missile has been fired.
2. Seeker
Represents the missile seeker head. It only appears for Magic II missiles when a
target is locked. The seeker will always move towards the selected target position.

71

3. Flight Director Ring

Refer to the Interception Director subtitle for more details.
4. Gun cross
Indicates aircraft boresight. It is located at the conjunction of HUD centerline and
aircrafts waterline. Only available when Magic IIs are selected. This is the aiming
point for the Magic II missiles.
5. Attack mode data
Indicates selected weapon (name flashes when the Master arm switch is in the
SAFE/OFF position). Aircraft G load and aircraft AOA.
6. Selected weapon
Indicates which missile is ready to be fired. By default, the system selects first the
left missile and later the right missile, but this order can be changed in the
Armament Configuration Panel.
Note: When Magic II missiles are selected, both the BA and IAS
drop to the center of the HUD. The Heading Scale remains in its
position at the top.

AG
This is the mode used for Air-to-Ground attacks. There are three weapons based sub
modes: Guns/Rockets, CCRP and CCIP. For more information about CCRP and CCIP
please refer to the Weapons Management chapter.
Guns/Rockets
This mode is used by both guns and Matra rockets because although they are different
weapons, they share the same ballistics characteristics.
1. Ammo count
Displays the current count of 30mm ammunition or 68 mm SNEB rockets.
2. Range to ground
Displays the current slant range to the ground at the point the piper is aiming. For
more information, refer to the Weapons Management chapter.

72

3. Radar altitude
Displays current altitude above ground level (AGL). The radar altitude is not
automatically displayed and must be manually selected by clicking the appropriate
switches in the HUD control panel.
4. Gun cross
Indicates aircraft boresight. It is located at the conjunction of HUD centerline and
aircrafts waterline.
5. Gun/Rocket piper
Indicates the point in the ground where the gun shells/SNEB rockets will hit. The
aiming point is continuously calculated by the ballistics computer. For more
information, refer to the Weapons Management chapter.
6. Attack mode data
Indicates selected weapon (name flashes when the Master arm switch is in the
SAFE/OFF position). Aircraft G load and aircraft AOA

73

CCRP

1. Target cross
Shows the selected target position.
2. Range to target
Indicates slant range to the target position.
3. Release cue
The release cue moves from the target cross towards the CCRP piper. The
bomb(s) must be released when the cue is at the center of the piper. The cue is
time based and appear when time to target is 15 seconds.
4. Radar altitude
Displays current altitude above ground level (AGL). The radar altitude is not
automatically displayed and must be manually selected by clicking the appropriate
switches in the HUD control panel.
5. CCRP pipper
It remains at a fixed point and replaces the FPM when in CCRP mode. Before
target selection, it is used to select a point in the ground as the target. After target
selection, it is used to give the bomb release order.
74

6. CCRP steering cues

They appear only after a target point has been selected. They are centered on the
CCRP piper and rotate to show deviation from the course to target. The aircraft is
flying directly to the target when they are level.
7. Attack mode data
Indicates selected weapon (name flashes when the Master arm switch is in the
SAFE/OFF position). Aircraft G load and aircraft AOA

CCIP

1. CCIP pipper
Aiming point where the bombs will impact.
2. Range to ground
Displays the current slant range to the ground at the point the piper is aiming. For
more information, refer to the Weapons Management chapter.

75

3. Radar altitude
Displays current altitude above ground level (AGL). The radar altitude is not
automatically displayed and must be manually selected by clicking the appropriate
switches in the HUD control panel.
4. Bomb Fall Line (BFL)
Displays the path that the bombs will follow upon release.
5. Attack mode data
Indicates selected weapon (name flashes when the Master arm switch is in the
SAFE/OFF position). Aircraft G load and aircraft AOA
6. Minimum release altitude cue
Indicates the minimum altitude at which bomb release is safe. It moves from the
CCIP piper to the FPM. If the cue reaches the FPM, it is not safe to release the
bombs since there is a high probability of taking damage from their detonation. For
more information, refer to the Weapons Management chapter.
Note: The CCIP pipper will only appear if the Radar Altimeter is in
the On (M) position.

INTERCEPTION DIRECTOR
The interception director is a special tool available only in Air-to-Air or POL modes. For
a more thorough description of POL mode please refer to the Weapons Systems
chapter.
The interception director appears only when there is locked radar target regardless of
radar mode (TWS or STT). It consists of two elements:
1. The Flight Director Ring: Located at the center of the HUD FOV, it indicates the
optimal interception zone for the target.
2. The Interception Flight Director: It is a small square symbol that represents the
point in space towards which the target is flying.
The objective is to maneuver the aircraft so the Interception Flight Director is placed inside
the Flight Director Ring. In this way you can be sure that you are flying an optimal
interception path towards the target.

76

1.
2.
3.
4.

Locked radar target.

Flight Director Ring.
Interception Flight Director. Indicates the point towards where the target is flying
In Range Ring. Only appears for missiles and indicates that the target is in
weapons range.

The Interception Director is not bound to any specific weapon and will appear for all Airto-Air weapons. There is a special case for Air-to-Air guns, the Interception Director will
remain visible as long as the range towards the target is above 1200 meters, in order to
prevent clutter in the HUD when the enemy aircraft is within gun range.
Note: While the Interception Director will provide you with the best
path to close the range with your target, use your own judgment to
decide when to fire the selected weapon.

77

AUXLIARY GUNSIGHT
The auxiliary gunsight is selected by the pilot. It is available in all modes except Approach.
The gunsight is fixed in the horizontal plane but can be moved in the vertical plane to
accommodate gun deflection based on ballistic tables for the desired range. The
deflection can be modified from 0 to 300 mils.

1. Auxiliary Gunsight. To activate it, click on the HAUSSE switch located on the
right side of the HUD control panel.
2. Angle of deflection value. To modify the deflection click on the HAUSSE knob
located on the right side of the HUD control panel, to the right of the HAUSSE
switch.

78

Chapter 11: Warning System

Master Caution Lights
They are located at the Top left of the main instruments panel. Consists of two lights: One
Amber for cautions and one Red for warnings.

PANNE

PANNE

When caution occurs:

Master Caution light: On
Audio warning (see note): On
System specific light on the alarm panel: On
When pilot acknowledges caution (by pressing
Master button)
Master Caution light: Off
Audio warning: Off
System specific light on the alarm panel: On
When caution is no longer valid:
Master Caution light: Off
Audio warning: Off
System specific light on the alarm panel: Off
Note on audio warning: No warning will be heard
when the caution occurs, but a chime will be heard
every 20 seconds until the caution is acknowledged or
no longer valid.
When failure occurs:
Master Warning light: On
Audio warning (continuous): On
System specific light on the alarm panel: On
When pilot acknowledges failure (by pressing
Master button)
Master Warning light: Off
Audio warning (continuous): Off
System specific light on the alarm panel: On
When failure is no longer valid:
Master Warning light: Off
Audio warning (continuous): Off
System specific light on the alarm panel: Off
79

Alarm Lights Panel

The alarm lights panel works in conjunction with the Master Warning and Master Caution
lights. Like the Master Warning and Master Caution they are divided in two colors, Amber
for Cautions and Red for Warnings.
In this case, each individual light indicates the specific system/subsystem that is affected
by the failure/anomalous condition. The light remains on for as long as the caution /
warning condition exists.

80

Chapter 12: Operational Limitations

Engine
Max RPM (including afterburner):
103% rpm
Max Tt7 Temperature (including afterburner): 900C

Airframe

81

Chapter 13: Aircraft Procedures

These are the procedures that must be followed before and after a flight. The procedures
listed here are a subset of the ones followed by the pilots of the actual aircraft.

Preflight Checklist
Left Instruments Panel
Ln
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

Description
FBW/PA Auto test
Emergency Afterburner Cutoff
Emergency Oil Pump
Emergency Flight Computer
Fuel Dump
Tape recorder
FBW GAIN
Emergency Trim
Audio volumes panel
Inflight relight switch
Throttle
Radar
Pelles, Souris, Becs switches
External lights
Brakes Switch (SPAD)
Emergency fuel engine mode
V/UHF radio
UHF radio
Landing Gear Lever
FBW NORM/ULT.SEC Switch
FBW Mode AA/Charges
Emergency canopy lever
Parachute lever

Position
Off (cover closed)
Off (cover closed)
Off (cover closed)
Off
Off (cover closed)
As desired
Norm
N
Check and set
Off
Stop
Off
Auto
Off
On (cover closed)
Off
On Transmitting
On Listening
Down and secured
NORM (cover closed)
As required
Towards the rear
Towards the front

Main Instruments Panel

Ln
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Description
Master Arm switch
Selective Jettison
Auxiliary Attitude Indicator
FBW NORM/VRILLE switch
HUD and HDD
Radar altimeter
IFF
HSI

Position
Off
Off (cover closed)
Uncaged
Normal
On
As desired
Out-3A-C
NAV (Cm or Cv)

82

9 Fuel Panel

Check Crossfeed
closed
Insert BINGO value
Test
Test

10 BINGO Selector
11 FIRE warning light
12 Caution/Warning Lights

Right Instruments Panel

Ln
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Description
Alert Network Switch
Electric pumps (all three of them)
Sound warning
Canopy sealing
VOR/ILS - TACAN
Fuel pumps
Ignition/vent selector
Fuel Shut-Off Valve Switch
Breakers panel
INS

Position
Off (Down position)
Test then off
Off
Lever forward (If
canopy is closed)
Off
Off
G or D
Closed (cover closed)
Check
Off

Engine Start
Before Engine Start
Ln

Description

1 BATT Switch
2 TRN Switch
3 INS

Position
On
On
Align

Engine Start sequence

Ln
1
2
2
3
4
5

Description
Parking Brake
Fuel Shut-Off Valve Switch
Fuel pumps D and G
Ignition/Vent selector
Ignition switch cover
(Check that the starting fuel pump is in the On position)

B.P.

warning light
6 Press ignition switch.
7 When the RPM reach 10% move the throttle towards the
Ground IDLE position.
8 Check RPM and engine temperature.
9
HUILE
T7
warning lights

Position
Set
Closed (cover open)
On
G or D as required.
Open
Off

Off

83

10
11

BP.G

BP.D

ALT1

ALT2

HYD.1

HYD.2

caution lights

Off
On at 40% RPM and
their switches in Off
On at 40% RPM

caution lights
12 ALT1 and ALT2 switches

Post-Engine Start Checklist

Ln

Description

Position

1 INS
2 Hydraulic pressure
3 Power supply switches
4
BATT
TRN

ALT1

4 VOR and TACAN

5 Emergency Hydraulic Pump
6
HYDS
warning light
7 IFF
8 HUD
9 FBW and AP
10 FBW and AP test lights
11 All FBW warning lights
12 Anti-Collision Light
13 Rudder deflection
14 Flight Controls Surfaces
15 Airbrakes and Wing slats (Becs)*

ALT2

caution lights

NAV (if aligned,

otherwise align)
Check that HYD
lights are off
All On
Off
On
On.
Off
STBY
Check configuration
Test
Green
Off
On
Check
Check
Check

* To test the wing slats click the BECS switch to OUT. The slats should actuate out. Click the
switch back to AUTO. The slats should return to its stowed position.

TAXIING
Checklist
Ln

Description

1 Parking Brake
2
PARK
caution light
3 Warning Sounds switch
4 Caution/Warning Lights panel*
5 NSW
6
DIRAV
advisory light
* The

CAB

Position
Release
Off
On
All Off
Activate
On

warning light, indicating that the canopy is open, may remain lit at this stage.
84

You can now increase throttle until the aircraft rolls out. Do not exceed 20 knots ground speed
while taxiing.

TAKE OFF
Checklist
Ln

Description

1 Canopy
2
CAB

warning light
3 Caution/Warning Lights panel
4 NSW
5
DIRAV
advisory light
6 Full throttle into max afterburner
7

PC

advisory light
8 Rotate at 120 Knots
9 Retract and stow landing gear

Position
Down and locked
Off
All Off
Secured
Off
Check acceleration
(Jx) in HUD
On
Place horizon on the
rotation pitch marker
in the HUD.
Before 260 Knots.

LANDING
Checklist
Ln
1
2
3
4
4
6
7
8

Description
Landing Gear Down
Landing Gear warning lights
Anti-Skid
HUD
Landing Lights
AOA final approach
Wheel brakes
NWS

Position
Below 230 knots
Green
Check
APP Mode
On
14
Below 130 knots*
Below 40 knots

* Whenever possible, use wheel brakes only when speed is below 100kt, to lessen brakes wear.

RUNWAY VACATED
Checklist
Ln
1 Landing Lights

Description

Position
Taxi
85

2 IFF
3 VOR/ILS
4 TACAN

Off
Off
Off

PARKING
Checklist
Ln
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Description
External power supply
HUD
INS
Engine
When engine has stopped: Fuel pumps G and D
Fuel Shut-Off Valve Switch
All air conditioning equipment
All external lights
Radios (V/UHF and UHF)
ALT1 and ALT2 switches
BATT and TRN switches

Position
Connected
Off
Off
Stop button
Off
Closed (cover open)
Off
Off
Off
Off
Off

86

Chapter 14: Navigation

The Inertial Navigation System INS
The INS is the heart of the M-2000C navigation system. It allows the aircraft to know its
position in the world and to plot a course to a geographical point.
The INS can store the following information:
20 navigation waypoints (Latitude, longitude and altitude) and its associated data:
o Offset waypoint (delta latitude, delta longitude and delta altitude).
o Runway magnetic heading (QFU).
o Runway approach glideslope (PD Pente Dsire).
o Desired arrival time (TD Temps Dsire).
o Desired arrival track (RD Route Dsire).
3 marked geographical points along with the mark time.
The magnetic declination
The INS provides the following information:
Aircraft geographical position (Latitude and Longitude).
Horizontal components (Vx, Vy) of the inertial speed.
Ground Speed.
Ground Track.
Bearing.
True Heading.
Magnetic Heading.
Acceleration components (Ax, Ay, Az).
Bearing and distance to a waypoint.
Track error.
Magnetic lateral deviation from desired track.
Track error from desired track.
Approach glideslope.
Remaining time to reach waypoint.
Time difference between remaining time and desired arrival time in order to
maintain a constant speed.
The aircraft load factor.
The INS is composed of two elements:
The Poste de Commande Navigation PCN (Navigation Control Panel)
The Poste Slecteur de Modes PSM (Mode Selector Panel)
The INS controls the information displayed in the following instruments:
HUD: Aircraft heading, attitude and current waypoint navigation.
HDD: Aircraft heading, attitude and waypoint position, including bullseye.
87

ADI: Aircraft heading, attitude and ILS needles.

HSI: Aircraft heading, and VOR/NAV needles
PCN: See The PCN chapter.

The PSM
The PSM is the control panel for both the PCN and the INS

Figure21TheINS'PSMpanel

The PSM is divided in three sections:

1. The INS/PCN Mode Selector:
a. AR (Arrt): Turns Off both the INS and the PCN
b. VEI (Veille): The gyros remain off but the system is powered and thermal
regulation is on. The PCN is available for data entry.
c. CAL (Calibration): Reserved for maintenance.
d. TST (Test): Reserved for maintenance.
e. ALN (Alignement normal): Normal INS alignment procedure (refer to INS
alignment).
f. ALCM (Alignement sur cap mmoris): Memory INS alignment procedure
(refer to INS alignment).
g. NAV: Navigation
h. SEC (Secours): Emergency operation, the INS provides only gyroscopic
information (attitude and heading).
2. The Data Cartridge Insertion Module (Module dInsertion de Paramtres MIP)
3. The PCN operational mode:
a. N (Normal): Default position.
b. STS (Status): The PCN display the current INS alignment status
c. DCI (Donnes Codes Inertielles): Inertial Codes Input; To visualize or enter
certain paremeters into the INS memory.
d. CRV (C/R de vol): Used for maintenance only
e. MAIN (Maintenance): used for maintenance only

88

The PCN
The PCN is responsible for the interface between the pilot and the INS. It has the following
functions:

Visualization of the navigational data in the memory of the INS

Data input into the memory of the INS
Visualization of the INS alignment status.
Control of saved points, register and offset waypoints.

Figure22TheINS'PCNpanel

1. LCD Displays
Left window: 6 digits with identification symbols N, S, + and
Right window: 7 digits with identification symbols E, W; + and
PREP window: 2 digits indicating the current waypoint for data entry/visualization.
DEST window: 2 digits indicating the current waypoint used for navigation. The
data for this waypoint is displayed in the HUD, VTB, HSI and ADI.

89

2. Parameter Selector
Editable Data
CP/PD
Waypoint
ALT
L/G
RD/TD
L / G
Offset
ALT
Waypoint
DEC

Runway magnetic heading / Desired Glideslope

Altitude
Latitude / Longitude
Desired track / Desired travel time at waypoint
Offset Latitude / Longitude
Offset altitude
Distance / Bearing to offset waypoint.
Magnetic declination.

Read Only Data

DV/FV
TR/VS
D/RLT

Wind direction/speed
Time remaining to waypoint/Ground Speed
Distance / Bearing to waypoint or offset waypoint.

3. Function Keys
PREP: Selects the waypoint to be modified.
DEST. Selects the waypoint to be used for Navigation.
BAD: Selects the OFFSET waypoint as destination.
REC: Toggles INS calibration process.
MRQ: Marks a geographical position.
VAL: Used to validate alignment, calibration and mark data.
4. Numeric Keypad
Used to enter data into the INS. Consists of:
10 numeric keys, from 0 to 9. Including keys to designate North, South, East,
West, + and -.
EFF (Effacement) key: Clears the input errors in the system.
INS (Insertion) Key: Enters the data in the system.
5. Status Lights
PRET (green): INS is ready.
ALN (yellow): INS is aligning
MIP (yellow): A data cartridge has been inserted.
N.DEG (yellow): The INS needs alignment.
SEC (yellow): The INS is in emergency mode
UNI (red): The INS is damaged.
M91, M92, M93: Indicates mark points being used.
PRET and ALN are only active during the alignment process.

90

PCN Utilization
Waypoint Selection
The PCN uses two waypoint indexes to operate:
The Preparation (PREP) waypoint, which is the waypoint used for visualization and
editing.
The Destination (DEST) waypoint, which is the waypoint being used for navigation.
The DEST waypoint data can only be visualized in the HUD, HDD, ADI and HSI.
To select a PREP waypoint:
1. Click on the PREP button, it will light up.
2. Click on the numeric pad the number of the waypoint you want to visualize and/or
modify. The valid PREP waypoint numbers are from 0 to 20. You need to enter
both numbers, for numbers below 10 you need to enter the leading 0, e.g.:
Waypoint 0 must be entered as 00, 8 as 08, etc.
3. As soon as the second digit has been entered the selected waypoint data will be
displayed and the PREP button will go dark.
To select a DEST waypoint:
1. Click on the DEST button, it will light up.
2. Click on the numeric pad the number of the waypoint you want to visualize and/or
modify. The valid DEST waypoint numbers are from 1 to 20. You need to enter
both numbers, for numbers below 10 you need to enter the leading 0, e.g.:
Waypoint 1 must be entered as 01, 8 as 08, etc.
3. As soon as the second digit has been entered the selected waypoint data will be
used for navigation and the DEST button will go dark
4. You cannot select waypoint 0 in DEST.
5. You cannot select a waypoint number higher than the number of waypoints in the
loaded flight plan.
6. An invalid waypoint number will reset the DEST waypoint to 1.
Additionally, there are the following shortcuts for selecting waypoints:
If you press PREP twice, without entering a waypoint number, the DEST waypoint
number will be copied to PREP.

If you press DEST twice, without entering a waypoint number, the PREP waypoint
number will be copied to DEST. As long as the PREP waypoint number is higher
than 00

Note: Every time the PSM is placed in VEI, the PREP waypoint
automatically changes to 00 and the DEST waypoint changes to
01

91

Data Selection
To select the data to be displayed in the PCN you only have to click on the 11 position
rotary knob. The data displayed is the following:
For Waypoint 00 (Current aircraft position)
Label

Left Window
Description

Display

Right Window
Description

Display

TR/VS

Not Used

Blank

Ground Speed* (Kts)

1990

D/RLT

Not Used

Blank

True Heading* (degs)

359.9

CP/PD

Not Used

+---.-

Not Used

ALT

Aircraft Altitude (ft)

L/G

Aircraft Latitude (deg)

N/S 90.00.00

RD/TD

Ground Track* (deg)

359.9

L/G

Not Used

N/S --.--.--

Not Used

E/W ---.--.--

ALT

Not Used

-- ---

Not Used

- ---

Not Used

+ --.--

Not Used

---.-

DEC

Magnetic Variation (deg)

99.9

Not Used

Blank

DV/FV

Wind Direction* (deg)

359.9

Wind Speed* (Kts)

99 999

Aircraft Altitude (m)

Aircraft Longitude (deg)
INS Chronometer (min, sec)

+--.30 480
E/W 180.00.00
399.59

999

For Waypoint 01 to 20
Label

Left Window
Description

Display

Right Window
Description

Display

TR/VS

Remaining time* (min, sec)

719.59

Ground Speed* (Kts)

1990

D/RLT

Distance* (NM)

409.60

Bearing* (deg)

359.9

CP/PD

Runway Heading (deg)

+ 359.9

Runway Glideslope (deg)

+ 90.0

ALT

Waypoint Altitude (ft)

25 000

Waypoint Altitude (m)

7 620

L/G

Waypoint Latitude (deg)

N/S 90.00.00

Waypoint Longitude (deg)

E/W 180.00.00

RD/TD

Selected Bearing (deg)

359.9

Selected Time (min, sec)

399.59

L/G

Wp Offset Latitude (Km)

N/S 99 997

Wp Offset Longitude (Km)

E/W 99 997

ALT

Wp Offset Altitude (ft)

24 999

Wp Offset Altitude (m)

Wp Offset Distance (NM)

+ 53.99

Wp Offset Bearing (deg)

359.9

DEC

Magnetic Variation (deg)

99.9

Not Used

Blank

DV/FV

Wind Direction* (deg)

359.9

Wind Speed* (Kts)

7 619

999

92

Notes:
Values with a * are read only.
Values with a blue background refer to Waypoint Data
Values with a green background refer to Offset Waypoint Data
Waypoint Lat/Lon values are entered in the format: DD:MM.mm where mm are the
minutes decimal. Eg: 36 13.68 N or 115 02.93 W.
Data Entry
PREP Waypoint data can be edited only under the following conditions:
PSM Operational Mode is in N
PSM Mode is in VEI, ALN, ALCM or NAV
Waypoint 00 data can only be edited when PSM Mode is in VEI.
There are two types of data that INS use: signed and unsigned.
Signed data is all that data that requires that you specify if the value you are about to
enter is positive or negative (for mathematical purposes Lat/Lon coordinates North/East
are considered positive while South/West are negative). The following are the INS signed
data: Waypoint latitude/longitude, waypoint altitude, offset latitude/longitude, offset
altitude and magnetic declination.
Unsigned data is all the data that is always assumed to have a positive value and thus
do not require that you specify its sign: Waypoint runway heading, waypoint runway
glideslope, selected bearing, selected time, offset bearing, offset distance.
To edit the data, you must:
1. Select the parameter you want to edit by positioning the parameter knob in the
corresponding label.
2. Select either left or right data to edit.
a. To select the left data, click on the 1 or 7 keys in the numeric pad.
b. To select the right data, click on the 3 or 9 keys in the numeric pad.
3. Both the INS and EFF buttons will light up, indicating that the PCN is in edit mode.
4. The selected window will show a series of dashes, indicating the number of digits
to be entered. If the data is signed both signs will be displayed indicating the need
to select one.
5. To select a sign, you must click on the associated button: 2 for North, 8 for South,
4 for West and 6 for East. For positive/negative values you must click on 1 (+) or
7 (-) for the left LCD or 3 (+) or 9 (-) for the right LCD.
6. An entry example would be:
You have selected L/G and the right window (G = Longitude), the left window will
continue displaying the L data and the right window displays
E/W ---.--.--, indicating that you must: Select either E or W and that you must enter
7 digits, including leading zeros.
In this example, if you want to enter 78 24.03 E then you must:
Click on the 6 Key to select E.
Enter 0782403 so that all dashes have been replaced by a number

93

Another example is if you want to enter waypoint altitude in feet, you select the left
LCD by clicking on 1 or 7. The right window will keep displaying the current data
in meters while the left one displays +/- -----. Select either + or for values above
or below sea level and afterwards you must enter 5 digits including leading zeros.
In this example you want to enter 1850 above sea level so you must:
Click on the 1 Key to select +
Enter 01850 so that all dashes have been replaced by a number.
Now you are ready for the next step.
7. Click on INS if the information is ready to be entered or EFF if you made an error.
If you click on INS, the data you entered is saved.
If you click on EFF, all the information entered will be disregarded and the
window will show again the dashes.
8. If the data you entered is invalid, it will be discarded and the dashes will appear
again.
9. Both INS and EFF buttons will go dark and the selected window will show the new
data.
10. Clicking on PREP or changing the parameter knob position will cancel the edit
mode.

INS Alignment
The INS requires alignment any time the aircraft has been dark and cold for a long period
of time. In the case of DCS, an alignment is required every time you:
Start from the ramp
Have requested aircraft repairs from the ground crew
Has requested a rearm/refuel from the ground crew.
There are two types of alignment: Standard and Memory.
Standard Alignment takes 8 minutes at the end of which the INS is the most
precise.
Memory Alignment takes 90 seconds and is used when the aircraft has not been
moved from the spot where it was parked when the INS was switched off.
For DCS a Standard Alignment is required when:
You start from the ramp
You have requested aircraft repairs from the ground crew.
A Memory alignment can be used when:
You have requested a rearm/refuel from the ground crew.
Standard Alignment
To start a standard alignment, you must:
1. Set the PSM Operational Mode in N
94

2. Set the PSM Mode in VEI. This will automatically select PREP Waypoint 00
3. Check that the Aircraft position in Latitude, Longitude and Altitude indicated by the
PCN are correct. Change them as needed (see Data Entry for more information).
4. Set the PSM Mode knob in ALM when you are satisfied that all aircraft position is
correct. Once the PSM is in ALM, the following will happen:
a. The ALN yellow light will blink.
b. The VAL button will light up.
5. Click on the VAL button to start the alignment process.
a. The ALN yellow light will become steady, indicating that the INS is aligning.
b. The VAL button will go dark.
6. At this time you can edit other waypoint data.
7. The alignment process will abort if:
a. You click the PSM Mode knob to another position.
b. You try to edit the Waypoint 00 data.
8. You can check the alignment process status by clicking the PSM Operational Mode
knob to the STS position.
9. The ALN yellow light will turn off when the first coarse alignment (Class 4) has
been reached. At the same time the PRET green light will start blinking. At this
stage it is safe to abort the alignment process, the INS will remain aligned but its
precision will be very low.
10. When the PRET green light has become steady, the alignment process has ended
and the INS precision is the highest. You can now put the PSM Mode knob in NAV.
To start a Memory Alignment, you must:
1. Set the PSM Operational Mode in N
2. Set the PSM Mode in VEI. This will automatically select PREP Waypoint 00.
3. Set the PSM Mode in ALCM.
a. The ALN yellow light will blink.
b. The VAL button will light up.
4. Click on the VAL button to start the alignment process.
a. The ALN yellow light will become steady, indicating that the INS is aligning.
b. The VAL button will go dark.
5. The alignment process will abort if:
a. You click the PSM Mode knob to another position.
b. You try to edit the Waypoint 00 data.
6. The ALN yellow light will go dark and the PRET green light will turn on when the
alignment process has ended.
7. Now you can put the PSM Mode in NAV.

INS Position Update

The INS is a very accurate instrument that uses a series of gyroscopes to provide the
data it needs. Unfortunately, all gyroscopes, no matter how exact and precise are subject
to gyro drift because the Earth rotates (, 15 per hour), and because of small
accumulated errors caused by friction and imperfect balancing of the gyro. Another sort
of apparent drift exists in the form of transport wander, where aircraft movement will
95

essentially add or subtract to the effect of the Earth's rotation upon a gyroscope. The
effect of these drift errors is that as time passes by the INS precision starts to suffer. In
order to regain navigation precision a procedure called Position Update is required to be
performed after a certain time.
The M-2000C INS has two methods to provide Position Update for the INS: Waypoint
Flyby and Waypoint Radar Ranging. Both methods require the use of a landmark with
known position and elevation. This land mark must be set up as one of the waypoints in
the flight plan.
Waypoint Flyby Position Update
With this method you have to fly exactly over the selected land mark.
To perform a Waypoint Flyby Position Update, you must:
1. Fly towards the center of the selected landmark, disregarding the INS navigation,
cues as soon as you have it in sight.
2. At the exact time when you fly over the landmark, you press the REC button.
3. The PCN will show the following information:
a. If the parameter knob is in the L/G position, the difference in latitude and
longitude between the aircraft position and the landmark position will be shown.
The values will be given in nautical miles.
b. If the parameter knob is in any other position, the difference will be shown in
polar coordinates. The left LCD display will show distance difference in nautical
miles while the right LCD will show the bearing difference.
4. If the difference between aircraft and landmark position is less than 15 nautical
miles, the VAL button will turn on.
5. You review the values presented in the PCN and decide whether to accept them
or not. If you accept them, then press the VAL button. The accumulated gyro drift
will be reset to 0 and the aircraft present position will be corrected. Both REC and
VAL buttons will go dark.
6. If the difference between aircraft and landmark positions are more than 15 nautical
miles, the VAL button will remain dark and the REC button will start to blink.
7. If you decide to reject the PCN values or if the REC button is blinking, click on the
REC button. The INS does nothing and will continue using the values it already
has, including the accumulated drift error.
Waypoint Radar Ranging Position Update
With this method you do not have to fly over the selected landmark. Instead you will use
the radar to provide a precise range value between the aircraft and the land mark.
To perform a Waypoint Radar Ranging Position Update, You must:

96

1. Fly towards the selected landmark, disregarding the INS navigation cues, as soon
as you have it in sight.
2. With the PCA in NAV mode, click in the OBL button. The radar will enter TAS mode
and a diamond shaped radar cue will appear in the HUD. This cue represents the
exact spot where the radar beam is pointing.
3. Maneuver the aircraft until the radar cue and the landmark are aligned.
4. Click on the TAS Ranging keyboard bind.
5. The PCN will show the following information:
a. If the parameter knob is in the L/G position, the difference in latitude and
longitude between the aircraft position and the landmark position will be
shown. The values will be given in nautical miles.
b. If the parameter knob is in any other position, the difference will be shown
in polar coordinates. The left LCD display will show distance difference in
nautical miles while the right LCD will show the bearing difference.
6. If the difference between aircraft and landmark position is less than 15 nautical
miles, the VAL button will turn on.
7. You review the values presented in the PCN and decide whether to accept them
or not. If you accept them, then press the VAL button. The accumulated gyro drift
will be reset to 0 and the aircraft present position will be corrected. Both REC and
VAL buttons will go dark.
8. If the difference between aircraft and landmark positions are more than 15 nautical
miles, the VAL button will remain dark and the REC button will start to blink.
9. If you decide to reject the PCN values or if the REC button is blinking, click on the
REC button. The INS does nothing and will continue using the values it already
has, including the accumulated drift error.
10. The radar returns to its normal operational mode.
Note: Waypoint Radar Ranging Position Update is not available at
this time. Clicking on OBL in the PCA will put the radar in TAS
mode and will show the cue in the HUD but at this moment there
is no ranging data that can be used.
Waypoint Radar Ranging Position Update will be cancelled if:
1. You click Master ARM to the ON position.
2. You click the radar to POL mode.
3. You click the PCA to APP mode.
4. You select a weapon.

97

Radio Navigation System

The Horizontal Situation Indicator HSI

1. Selected Heading indicator

2. DME display
3. Needles
Needle 1: Wide.
Needle 2 Thin.
4. Heading selector
5. Compass Rose
6. HSI mode selector
Cv NAV
Cm NAV
TAC
VAD

TEL

98

HSI Information
Mode
Indicators
Compass
Rose
CAP Flag
Needle 1

Cv NAV

Cm NAV

True
Heading
Fail
Waypoint Bearing

Needle
Flag

TAC

VAD

TEL

Mark
Magnetic
Heading

Target
Bearing

Magnetic Heading
TACAN
Bearing

Offset
Bearing

Mark
True
Heading

Bearing Failure flag

Needle 2

VOR Bearing

Needle
Flag

DME

VOR Fail
Waypoint distance

DME Flag
Selected
Heading
Indicator

TACAN
distance

Offset
Distance

Mark
Distance

Magnetic
Bearing

Distance Fail

No radar
lock
Interception
Course
No radar
lock
Target
Distance
No radar
lock

Automatic Pilot Heading

VOR/ILS and TACAN

1.) VOR/ILS Indicator

2.) Power Selector
3.) Frequency Selector
7.) TACAN Indicator
9.) Frequency Selector

4.) TEST L/R Selector

5.) Frequency Selector
6.) XY TACAN Band Selector
8.) TACAN Mode Selector
10.) Frequency Selector

99

Chapter 15: Communications

VHF/UHF Radios

1.) UHF Receiver/Transmitter Inverse Selector.

2.) UHF SIL/Mute Switch.
3.) UHF Secure Channel Encryption.
4.) UHF Channel Preset Selector.
5.) UHF Channel Indicator.
6.) UHF Operation Mode Selector.
7.) UHF Secure Encryption Receive Light
8.) UHF Test Button.
9.) V/UHF Test Button.
10.) V/UHF Frequency Selector.
11.) V/UHF RX Mode Selector.
12.) V/UHF Channel Encryption.
13.) V/UHF Receiver/Transmitter Inverse Selector. 14.) V/UHF TX Modes.
15.) V/UHF SIL/Mute Switch.
16.) V/UHF Channel Preset Selector.
17.) V/UHF Preset Channel Indicator.

100

Volume Control Panel

1.) COMM Select.

3.) TACAN Volume.
5.) Approach Volume.
7.) UHF Volume.

2.) ILS Volume.

4.) MAGIC Tone Volume.
6.) Marker Volume.
8.) V/UHF Volume.

101

Chapter 16: Electronic Warfare

The VTB/HDD
The Visualisation Tte Basse (VTB), which is French for Heads Down Display (HDD),
displays radar information along with navigation, target designation and aircraft load out.

1. Display Screen
Displays the Radar.
2. Parameter Input Select (Left)
4 switches that allows the left side parameter input for Target Designation.
3. De-Clutter VTB/HDD

De-Clutters VTB/HDD Symbology .

4.

Radar Map Display Select

Displays the Radar map.

102

5. MRQ Marker Brightness Adjust

Adjusts the VTB/HDD's Marker (MRQ)Brightness.

6. Backlight Brightness Adjust

Adjusts the VTB/HDD's Backlight Brightness.

7. Contrast Adjust

Adjusts the VTB/HDD's Contrast.

8. Brightness Adjust

Adjusts the VTB/HDD's Brightness.

9. Power ON/OFF

Turns On/Off the power of the VTB/HDD.

10. Parameter Input Select (Right)

4 switches that allows the left side parameter input for Target Designation.

The RDI Radar

The RDI Radar is a high PRF Doppler multi-mode/single function radar optimized for airto-air combat. RDI was the first high pulse repetition frequency Doppler radar built in
France. RDI is optimized for the air defense mission, therefore it has a single function,
thought its mode options include:

Air-to-air search at all altitudes.

Long-range TWS and missile guidance.
Automatic short-range STT for missiles and guns.
Look-down, shoot-down against targets flying as low as 30 meters (98 feet).

RDI is compatible with both the Matra Magic 2 and the Matra Super 530D missiles. Fire
control for cannon over ranges of 1000 meters (3280 feet) is provided. Although the RDI
is primarily configured for the air defense role it has secondary capabilities to carry out
ranging for weapons delivery, low altitude navigation with ground mapping and contour
mapping for terrain avoidance.
Note: Since DCS lacks AG radar functions both ground mapping
and contour mapping are not available.
RDI can provide target range in search mode as opposed to be limited to tracking mode.
Three types of scanning are provided for air combat:

Narrow beam (scanning straight ahead).

Vertical scanning (optimized for tail chase).
103

Helical scanning (covering the HUD field of view).

RDI radar capabilities and limitations

Max Ranges*
Search
Lock
65
50
High PRF
45
20
Med PRF (Interleaved)
25
N/A
Low PRF
* All distances are in nautical miles.

Lock Type
TWS
STT
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No

Doppler
Filter
100%
50%
0%

For air-to-air combat, RDI provides a 120 cone of coverate, with the antenna sca
For air-to-air combat, the RDI provides a 120 cone of coverage, the antenna scanning
at either 50 or 100/s, with 60, 30 or 15 scan. For air-to-air gun attacks, the 3.5 beam
can be locked to the target at up to 19 km (10 nmi) range, with automatic tracking within
the head-up display field of view, or in a 'super-search' area, or in a vertical search mode.
The system can look up or down, range while searching, track-while-scan, provide
continuous tracking, generate aiming signals for air combat and compute attack and firing
envelopes. For the strike role it provides real-beam ground-mapping, terrain-avoidance
and air-to-ground ranging.

Close Combat Modes (CCM)

Close Combat Mode is a special mode for air to air engagements. In this mode, the radar
will be set at a range of 10 nautical miles and it will lock on the closes contact it can detect.
There are 5 search modes available in CCM:
Boresight:
Available with all weapons. In boresight mode, the radar is in a fixed position, centered
on the aircrafts reference line. It provides a narrow search cone only 3 wide. Basically
the radar is converted into a gunnery radar.
Vertical Scan:
Vertical Scan is available with both AA Guns and Magic missiles selected. It provides a
narrow vertical beam that is 4.8 wide and 60 tall. It covers between +50 to -10 centered
on the aircraft reference line.

104

HUD Scan
HUD Scan is available only when the Super 530D missiles have been selected. The radar
covers the entire HUD area, a 20 wide cone.
Horizontal Scan
This mode is available with all weapons. It has two submodes: Mode 1 and Mode 2, but
they work the same: The radar search a 30 Azimuth arc with two bars for a 6 x 60
search cone. Unlike the other modes, it is possible to move the radar antenna in elevation.
Mode 1 uses High PRF, while Mode 2 uses Medium PRF. Medium PRF search mode is
only available in Horizontal Scan Mode 2.

The RWR
RWR Display

1.) High Priority Threat Area

3.) EW System Status Lights

2.) Low Priority Threat Area

4.) BRT Adjust

ECM Control Panel

105

1.) Jammer mode Selection

3.) RWR
5.) Decoy Launcher

2.) Jammer
4.) D2M
6.) Decoy programs

clair Control Panel

1.) Power Mode Selection

3.) Light Power
5.) Flare Counter

2.) BRT Adjust

4.) Program Selector
6.) Chaff Counter

Note: The clair ECM pod is not available in open beta.

106

Chapter 17: Weapons System

The M-2000C is considered a multirole fighter due to its capability to use both Air-to-Air
(AA) and Air-to-Ground (AG) weapons. However, you must be aware that the aircraft was
designed as a lightweight interceptor and thus it is heavily specialized towards the air
combat role at the expense of AG capabilities, so instead of being a specialized multirole
fighter, it should be considered as an Interceptor with secondary Close Air Support (CAS)
capabilities.

Weapons
The M-2000C can load the following weapons:

Air-to-Air

R.550 Magic IIs IR guided missiles.

Matra Super 530Ds Semi Active Radar Homing missiles.

Air-to-Ground

Mk-82, 500 pounds unguided low-drag general purpose bomb.

Mk-82 SE, 500 pounds unguided low-drag retarded general purpose bomb.
GLB-66, unguided low-drag cluster bomb.
BAP-100, anti-runway cluster bomb with 18 rocket accelerated penetrators.
GBU-12, 500 pounds laser guided bomb.
GBU-16, 1,000 pounds laser guided bomb.
GBU-24, 2,000 pounds laser guided bomb.
Matra SNEB rocket pod with 18 68 mm unguided rockets per pod.

Additionally, some export versions were fitted with the following Air-Surface Missiles
(ASM):
AS-37 Martel
AS-39 Exocet

Internal weapons
2 DEFA 554 30 mm revolver cannons with 125 rounds each.

107

Weapons Configuration
The following table shows the allowed weapons configuration:
Table1Loadoutconfiguration.

WING(kg)
RIGHT

PCACODE

300
9

1800
8

R550Magic2
Super530D

MAG
530

Mk82
Mk82SE
BLG66Belouga
LRF4
BAP100
GBU12
GBU16
GBU24

BL1
BF1
BF4
RK3
BF8
EF1
EF1
EF1

1/2*
1/2*
1/2*
1

RP522
RP541

RP
RP

WEAPON

FUSELAGE(kg)
FWD

REAR

450
450
7
6
AAPylons

AGPylons
1
1
1
1
1
1

FuelTanks

WING(kg)

CENTRAL

REAR

FWD

LEFT

1800
5

450
4

450
3

1800
2

300
1

18**
1/2*
1
1

1
1
1

1
1
1

1/2*
1/2*
1/2*
1

Notes:
* 2 bombs can be loaded by using the twin rack RAFAUT AUF2
** This bomb uses the special 30-6-M2 rack.

108

Note: The aircraft ballistic computer can only handle one type of
Air-to-Ground weapon. Do not load Air-to-Ground weapons mix
(e.g.: rockets and bombs, or Mk-82s and Belougas, etc.) since it
is probable that the system will not be able to handle the
configuration.

Open Beta Notes:

In the open beta version, the following weapons are not available and in some cases a
temporary substitution is used:

BLG-66 Belouga, substituted by MK20 Rockeyes.

BAP-100, not available.
SNEB 68 mm rocket, substituted by HYDRA 70 rockets.

Weapons Management
Weapons management is carried out by two panels located in the Main Instruments
panel: The Weapons Manager Panel (PCA, French acronym for Poste de Commande
Armement) and the Weapons Configuration panel (PPA, French acronym for Poste de
Prparation Armement).

The PCA
The PCA is located to the left of the radar display. It consists of a panel with one open
switch, one guarded switch, and two rows of five LCD displays with buttons below them.

Figure23ThePCA

109

The PCA controls the aircrafts Master Modes of operation and is used for all aspects of
the aircrafts flight.
The big orange open switch is the Master Arm switch and it changes the aircraft from
NAV to Attack mode, either Air-to-Air or Air-to-Ground. Attack modes are weapons based,
if you select an Air-to-Air weapon, the system sets itself to Air-to-Air mode and the same
works for Air-to-Ground weapons.
The guarded switch is the Selective Jettison consent switch, and it is used to jettison
selected weapons from the aircraft.
The two rows of LCD displays with their associated buttons are used to configure aircraft
flight parameters and Master Modes. The top row is used to configure the system while
the bottom row is used for weapons/stores selection.
The PCA Top Row
The PCA is also used for aircraft system configuration and the options displayed change
based on system Master Mode. The associated buttons have a backlit S in the center,
that turns on when an option has been selected.
The options displayed in the top row change based on the system Master Mode. Most of
the options are exclusive, meaning that selecting one will deselect the previous one.
The PCA Bottom Row
Unlike other systems, the PCA does not display an individual weapon and its position in
the aircraft, instead it groups them by type. Since the LCD cannot display the full weapon
name a code is assigned to each weapon (please see loadout configuration table for the
PCA weapons code), this code is also displayed in the HUD when it is in attack mode.
Additionally, the PCA sorts the loaded weapons based on their assigned priorities,
basically AA weapons to the left and AG weapons to the right based on type.

110

Table2PCAweaponscodedisplaypriority.

1
MAG

530
BL1/BF1/BF4
RK3
RP

BL1/BF1/BF4
RK3
RP
EL1
BF8

BL1/BF1/BF4
RK3
RP
EL1
BF8

BL1/BF1/BF4
RK3
RP
EL1
BF8

The associated buttons have two markings: S and P. S stands for selected and P for
ready (it is the first letter of the word Prt).
Weapons selection is done by clicking on the button below the selected code, when a
weapon is selected the letter S will light and after an interval of time based on the weapon
type, the letter P. When both S and P are lit, the selected weapon is ready for use.
In the bottom row there is an additional button with two markings: K1 and K2, located
below the Selective Jettison switch. This button controls the DEFA 553 guns targeting
mode: K1 is for air-to-air combat and K2 for air-to-ground attacks.
The bottom row display is static and does not change, but he LCD display will go dark
when the associated weapon/store has been expended/jettisoned.
PCA Modes display
NAV Master Mode
ARME
OFF

TOP

POL

APP

RD

OBL

MAG

530

RP

SEL

K1

K2

This is the default mode and the options displayed are all related to the aircraft navigation.
1. TOP: Guidage en Vitesse, Speed guidance. A special navigation mode not
available in open beta.

111

2. POL: Police mode. The system provides guidance to a locked target for
identification. No weapons are available in this mode, even if the Master Arm
switch is in the ON position.
3. APP: Approach mode. The system is configured to follow an instruments landing.
4. RD: Roue Desire, desired route. A special navigation mode not available in open
beta.
5. OBL: Recalage Oblique de la Centrale, Radar based INS calibration. Not available
in open beta.
AirtoAir modes

1. Super 530D mode

ARME
OFF

RDO

POL

TAF

MAG

530

RP

SEL

2. Magic II mode
ARME
OFF

RDO

TAF

MAG

530

RP

SEL

3. Gun mode
ARME
OFF

RDO

TAF

LEN

RAP

MAG

530

RP

SEL

K1

K2

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1. RDO: Ralliement Designation Poursuite, Target pursuit mode. It is automatically

entered when locking a radar contact.
2. POL: Police mode.
3. TAF: Not known at this time. Not available.
4. LEN: Low fire rate (guns only). Set the guns to fire 1,200 rounds per minute.
5. RAP: High fire rate (guns only). Set the guns to fire 1,800 rounds per minute.
Note: The P symbol is only lit when the missile seeker is tracking a target.
AirtoGround modes

1. Bombs (all types).

ARME

TAS

RS

PI

MAG

BL1

RP

OFF

SEL

Free fall bomb in direct attack.

ARME

TAS

RS

ZBI

PI

MAG

BL1

RP

OFF

SEL

Free fall bomb attack using a designated Initial Point.

2. Rockets
ARME
OFF

SEL

TAS

RS

EXT

INT

RK1

RP

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3. Guns
ARME

TAS

RS

LEN

RAP

MAG

RK1

RP

OFF

SEL

K1

K2

1. TAS: Uses the radar to obtain slant range to ground and calculate impact point.
2. RS: Uses the altitude provided by the radar altimeter to calculate slant range to the
ground. Less accurate since it cannot take into account changes in terrain level.
3. PI: Sets the Initial Point for a bomb run
4. ZBI: Used in conjunction with the IP to calculate impact point. This mode depends
on the INS.
5. EXT: Unknown, probably simultaneous rocket release. Not available in open beta.
6. INT: Unknown, probably individual rocket release. Not available in open beta.
7. LEN: Low fire rate (guns only). Set the guns to fire 1,200 rounds per minute.
8. RAP: High fire rate (guns only). Set the guns to fire 1,800 rounds per minute.

The PPA
The PPA is located to the right of the radar display and below the HIS. It is used to
configure selected weapons options, like bomb fuse type, cooling the Magic II seeker,
etc.

Figure24ThePPA

114

The PPA is divided in 5 zones, with each zone dedicated to a weapon type. The zones
are from left to right in the top row: S 530D, Magic, Test. In the bottom row they are:
Bombs and CAN/ROQ/530.
The PPA has the following elements:
1. Missile Pylon Selector (S 530D Zone)
This three position switch is used to control the launch order of the Super 530D
missiles. The positions are:
G:
The first missile to be fired will be the left one.
AUTO: The PPA selects the missile that is closest to the locked target. The left
missile will be fired when the target is to the left or center of the aircraft. The
right missile will be fire when the target is to the right of the aircraft. This is
the default position.
D:
The first missile to be fired will be the right one.
The switch is only active when there are two missiles on board the aircraft. If there is
only one, that missile will be fired regardless of switch position
2. Super 530D Preparation
This button is used to trigger On or Off all Super 530D missiles Preparation (BIT) and
thus allowing/preventing their use. The preparation is triggered by either powering up
the aircraft, clicking on the button or by selecting the missile related-mode on the PCA.
The missile will take 45 seconds before becoming fully operational.
The preparation is cancelled by clicking again on the button; this is done when OP
requires that the aircraft keeps all its weapons safe like during air refueling or long
ferry flight with no chance of missile use.
The button has two lights:
MISS: Turns one when there are Super 530D missiles aboard the aircraft.
P:
Short for Prt (Ready). Turns on when the Super 530D are ready to use.
Blinking when they are undergoing the preparation process and Dark when
the missiles are in safe mode or no missiles are onboard.
3. Missile Fire selector
This button is not used in the M-2000C.
4. MAGIC II Preparation
This button is used to trigger On or Off all MAGIC II missiles Preparation (BIT & cooling
of the seeker) and thus allowing/preventing their use. The preparation is triggered by

115

either powering up the aircraft, clicking on the button or by selecting the missile
related-mode on the PCA or using the HOTAS selector.
Switching the preparation Off is used to save the MAGIC II seeker coolant supply
(nitrogen). There is enough supply to keep the seeker heads active for 90 minutes,
after that time the seekers become warm rendering the missiles useless. The missile
will take 30 seconds before becoming fully operational.
Note: Each time the preparation is reactivated (switched On) will shorten the coolant
supply by 10 minutes. Plan its use carefully.
The button has two lights:
MAG: Turns on when there are MAGIC II missiles aboard the aircraft.
P:
Short for Prt (Ready). Turns on when the MAGIC IIs are ready to use.
Blinking when they are undergoing the preparation process and Dark when
the missiles are in safe mode or no missiles are onboard.
5. System Lights Test/Load out Display
Three position spring loaded switch. The values are:
TEST: Test all the PCA and PPA lights.
OFF: Default position (unmarked).
PRES: Displays in the VTB an aircraft silhouette with the current weapons load.
6. Bomb Fusing Selector
Three position switch used to arm the bombs onboard by selecting which fuse to
activate. The values are:
INERT: Bombs are unarmed/safe. If released with the switch in this position, they will
not explode. This is the default position.
RET.: Short for Delay. This position arms the bombs tail fuse thus allowing them to
penetrate the target before exploding.
INST.: Short for Contact. This position arms the bombs nose and tail fuses thus
allowing them to explode as soon as they hit the target.
RET and INST values are only valid for MK-82, MK-82S and GBU bombs. For Cluster
bombs, BAP-100 and RET and INST selects the same fuse.
7. Bomb Release Quantity Selector
To increase/decrease the quantity of bombs to be released you have to click on the
release quantity switch. A left click will increase the value and a right click will decrease
it.

116

The values are increased/decreased in pairs: 0, 2, 4, 8, 10. For the PPA 0 is equivalent
to 1.
8. Bomb Release Interval Selector
This switch is used to increase/decrease the distance between each bomb release. A
left click will increase the value and a right click will decrease it. The indicated value
is in tens of meters, e.g.: 1 = 10 meters, 40 = 400 meters, etc.
This function is only active when multiple bombs are released at the same time.
9. Selected Quantity and Interval Display
The top window indicates the quantity of bombs to be released with each trigger
action. The bottom window indicates the interval between each individual bomb
release, the value is in 10s of meters.
Note: Both Selected Quantity and Release interval
do not apply to GBU-12, GBU-16, GBU-24 and
BAP-100 bombs.
Bomb release priority

In order to maintain aircraft load balance, the bombs are dropped in matching pairs
from the outwards pylons to the internals. The release order is: 2, 8, 4, 6, 3, 7, 5.
10. Salvo Firing Selector
This button only applies to the following weapons: Super 530D, DEFA 554 guns and
rocket pods. This button is used to select how the weapons will be fired on each trigger
press. Functionality differs on weapon type
It has two values:
TOT: For Super 530D: It launches both missiles with a two second interval between
launch.
For Rockets and DEFA 554 guns: Rocket pods or guns keep firing for as long
as the trigger is pressed.
PAR: For Super 530D: It launches a single missile.
For Rockets and DEFA 554 guns: Rocket pods or guns fire in burst mode.
Rocket burst count can be selected between 1, 3, 6 and 18. The rocket burst
count can be selected in the Mission Editor.

117

Weapons Utilization
The aircraft weapons can only be used when the Master Arm switch is in the ARMED
position. The system will put everything else, like navigation, on standby and will dedicate
itself to the selected Master Mode

DEFA 554
The DEFA 554 30 mm autocannons need to be armed before they are available. To
electrically arm them, click on the GUN ARM switch located above the FBW GAIN switch.

Figure25GunArmswitchinSAFEandARMEDpositions

Magic II
The R.550 Magic II is a fire and forget IR guided missile. It does not need the radar to
seek and intercept a target. To use it you only need to click on the MAG button in the PCA
or click on the HOTAS button,
A low buzz-like sound will be heard while the seeker is searching. The buzz will be
replaced by a louder tone when the seeker has locked on a target. In the HUD, the seeker
symbol will move towards the position of the locked target.
118

If the target is also locked on radar, a smaller circle will appear inside the seeker search
area circle indicating that the target is in the NO ESCAPE zone.
A no shoot cross will appear when the G-load is too high to fire the missile.

Super 530D
The Matra Super530D is a semi-active homing radar missile, also known as a beam rider.
To successfully use this missile, you need two conditions:
A locked radar target
To always keep the target in your screen during the flight time the missile needs
to intercept it.
Note: The Super 530D is not a fire and forget missile. You need to keep the aircraft in a
easily predicted flight path until the missile either intercepts or misses, which will put you
in a disadvantage for the entire missile flight time.
To select the Super 530D, click on the 530 button in the PCA.

Trigger Delay for Missiles

As a security measure there is a time delay between the moment the trigger is pressed
to the instant the missile is launched. The delay varies depending on weapon and mode:

For Magic II missiles there is 0.5 seconds firing delay.

For Super 530D missiles the delay changes as follows:
o If the radar is in STT mode, the delay is 0.8 seconds.
o If the radar is in TWS mode, the delay will be 1 second.
o If the PPA Salvo Firing Selector is in TOT mode, there will be a 2 seconds delay
between each missile launch.

If the trigger is released before the delay timer runs out, no missile will be fired.

Bombing Procedures
There are two modes to release bombs:
CCRP, or Continuously Computed Release Point. In this mode the pilot selects
a point in the ground as the target and the ballistic computer calculates the specific
time when the bombs should be released in order to hit the target.

CCIP, or Continuously Computed Impact Point. In this mode, the ballistic

computer displays in the HUD the point at which the bombs would hit the ground
based on aircraft altitude, speed and pitch. To hit a target, you have to place the
impact point over the target and release the bombs.
119

In the M-2000C, the bomb release mode is determined by the bomb type.
MK-82s, GBU-12, GBU-16 and GBU-24 all use CCRP.
MK-82SE, BGL-66 and BAP-100, all use CCIP.
Both methods require the same ingredient: target ground elevation. There are three ways
to get this value: By radar ranging, calculating it from the aircraft altitude above ground
and from the INS system.

Radar ranging: To obtain radar ranging data, you need to click on the TAS
button. The radar screen will go dark and the words TAS will appear in the upper
right corner. This is the most precise method.

Altitude above ground: To obtain altitude above ground you need to activate
the radar altimeter. Then you must click on the RS button in the PCA. The
system will use the same ground elevation below the aircraft as the target
elevation. This method will fail if the ground continuously changes elevation.

INS calculation: In this mode you need to first select an initial point and the INS
will calculate the ground elevation based on the flight plan it has in memory. This
mode is not yet available.

It is recommended that both TAS and RS are selected in the PCA. This way if there is a
problem with the radar ranging data, the system will fall back to the radar altimeter.
CCRP Procedure
To do a CCRP bomb run the following procedure must be followed. (For symbols
description please refer to the HUD chapter).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Minimum altitude should be 2000 feet AGL.

Fly in a slight dive towards your target. It shouldnt be more than 15.
Place the CCRP piper over your target
Click on the AG DESIGNATE button (refer to HOTAS title in Chapter 1).
Pull up and resume level flight.
The target cross will remain over the target.
Fly towards the target.
When you are 15 seconds from the release point, the release cue will appear.
Press the trigger as soon as you see the release cue. Keep the trigger pressed
while the cue is visible.
10. The bombs will be released automatically when the cue cross the CCRP piper.
11. The system will clear the target designation as soon as the bombs have been
released.

120

CCIP Procedure
To do a CCIP bomb run the following procedure must be followed. (For symbols
description please refer to the HUD chapter).
1. Upon activating the CCIP, raise the seat so your downwards view is better
2. Minimum altitude should be 1500 feet AGL. 3000 AGL feet is better, especially if
you are going to do a high dive.
3. Minimum indicated airspeed should be 400 KIAS.
4. The CCIP piper will appear at the bottom of the HUD.
5. When nearing your target, fly in a dive. The steeper the dive the better. 20 to 25
dives are very precise.
6. Check the safe altitude cue position.
7. Press the trigger to release the bombs when the CCIP piper is over your target
8. Pull up.
9. DO NOT release the bombs if the safe altitude cue intersects the FPM or is
above it.

Bombing Safety Limits

The aircraft has two bomb safety limits that will prevent a bomb release when it is unsafe:
a. No bomb will be released if the g load of the aircraft is below 0.4g. This limit
prevents that the bomb fly back into the aircraft.
b. No bomb will be released if the pylon safety is engaged. The pylon safeties are
based on air speed. If there is not enough speed over the wings, the safeties will
engage and the bombs will not be released.

121

Stores Jettison
There are two ways to jettison the stores loaded in the aircraft: Selective Jettison and
Emergency Jettison.

Selective Jettison
With selective jettison you can release a specific store type without affecting all the others,
like jettisoning external fuel tanks.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Click the Selective Jettison switch cover to the open position.

Click the Selective Jettison switch to the left position.
Select the store to be jettisoned in the PCA.
Click the Master Arm switch to the ARMED position
Pull the trigger.
Click the Master Arm switch to the OFF position
Click the Selective Jettison switch to the right position
Click the Selective Jettison switch cover to the closed position.

Emergency Jettison
With emergency jettison all the stores in the aircraft will be released except for the Magic
II missiles. The emergency release includes the Super 530Ds if they are loaded.

122

Revision Changes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

HOTAS Buttons Keyboard Configuration.

Some HOTAS Functions described.
Close Combat Mode described under THE RDI RADAR.
Trigger Delay for Missiles described in WEAPONS UTILIZATION.
Bombing procedures updated in WEAPONS UTILIZATION.
CCRP Procedure updated in WEAPONS UTILIZATION.
Bombing Safety Limits included in WEAPONS UTILIZATION.
Keyboard Map partial update.

123