MWA Guideline

The storage requirements calculated based on the number of users or fittings and appliances in
a building shall be satisfied by the provision of storage cisterns, the capacities of which are
measured up to the water line.
The storage cisterns and lids shall be constructed of corrosion resistent material of approved
quality or shall be coated internally with corrosion resisting material. Storage cisterns for
domestic purposes shall not impart taste, colour, odour or toxitity to the water.
Where pumping is required, the combine capacity of the suction and storage cistern should not
be less than that required for one day's use. The suction tank should hold about 1/3 of the
total storage capacity for one day's use but at the same time it should also contain sufficient
water for at least one hour of pumping without inflow into it. For supplies more than 45,000
litres per day the inflow into the suction cistern is usually controlled by a constant flow valve.
The constant flow valve will be sized and set to control the inflow into the suction cistern at a
rate which will deliver the quantity of water for 1 day's use in 16 hours.
The above requirement does not include provision for fire fighting and air-conditioning.
Perferably the water required for fire fighting and air conditioning should be stored in separate
storage cisterns.
16.5
RATE OF FLOW OF FITTINGS AND APPLIANCES
The rate of flow available at fittings and appliances is dependent on the pressure available and
the design of the water supply system. The sizing and selection of the fittings shall be such as
to provide an adequate rate of delivery of water without wasteful consumption. Table 16.4
gives the recommended rates of flow at fittings and appliances. The plumbing system shall be
designed such that these flow rates shall be available when only that outlet is open and at all
outlets for most of the time, but simultaneous opening of outlets may reduce flow, sometimes
to below the design figures. Such condition shall not reduce flow rates so much that user
satisfaction is compromised.
-16/4-
Generally the pipe materials recommended for cold water are uPVC, G.I., copper, stainless
steel, HDPE. For hot water the materials most frequently used are copper and stainless steel.
Other pipe materials are also available but their use may be subjected to the approval of the
relevant water authorities. For a more comprehensive guide on the proper selection of the
most suitable pipe material for a particular application, reference should be made to the MWA.
GUIDE TO PIPE MATERIAL SELECTION, a publication available from the Malaysian
Water Association.
If the capacity of storage cistern required cannot be obtained from the Table 16.1 above, it
should be calculated based on the number of persons using/working/residing in the building;
the minimum storage capacity being equal to the quantity required for one day's use.
TABLE 16.2 - STORAGE REQUIREMENT PER PERSON
Type of building
16.4
STORAGE CISTERNS
Storage cisterns are necessary for the following reasons:-
i)
To provide supply during water interruption

To reduce the maximum flow rate on the supply mains
As a break pressure tank to limit the maximum pressure on the household pipeworks
and fittings.
ii)
iii)
In designing the capacity of the storage cisterns, account must be taken of the pattern of water
usage in the premise concerned and the reliability of the water supply in the area.
Table 16.1 gives recommendations for the minimum capacity of storage cisterns in plumbing
systems for various types of buildings but these are regarded as a guide only. The water
authority concerned should be consulted regarding any particular requirement it may have in
this matter.
TABLE 16.1 - MINIMUM STORAGE CAPACITIES

Type of Building
Minimum nominal Storage Capacity*
Dwelling houses (rural
450 litres
Swelling houses and flats (urban)
900 litres
Multi-storey flats with high level

bulk storage cistern
140 litres
Low cost housing
450 litres
Others
One day's supply or as directed by the relevant

authorities.
Storage requirement
nominal capacity is defined as the volume calculated from the overall internal dimensions of a
cistern.
-16/2-
Hotels
270 litres/person/day
Hostels
Day schools
30 litres/person/session
Boarding schools
Office without canteen
Office with canteen
Restaurants
14 litres/person/meal
Mosque
Barracks (Army and police)
11
!
When the number of persons using the building is not known, the capacity of its storage
cistern can be estimated from the number and types of fittings installed in the building. The
storage requirement for each fitting is given in the table below:
TABLE 16.3 - STORAGE REQUIREMENT PER FITTING
Storage required/fitting/day
Fittings
450 - 900 litres
Shower
Slipper bath
900 litres
Water closet
180 litres
Lavatory basin
90 litres
Sink
90 litres
Urinal
180 litres
Bed pan washer
180 litres
Wash-up basin
2z5 litres
-16/3-

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The storage requirements calculated based on the number of users or fittings and appliances in

RATE OF FLOW OF FITTINGS AND APPLIANCES

TABLE 16.2 - STORAGE REQUIREMENT PER PERSON

Storage cisterns are necessary for the following reasons:-

To provide supply during water interruption

TABLE 16.1 - MINIMUM STORAGE CAPACITIES

Minimum nominal Storage Capacity*

Dwelling houses (rural

Swelling houses and flats (urban)

Multi-storey flats with high level

Low cost housing

One day's supply or as directed by the relevant

Office without canteen

Office with canteen

Barracks (Army and police)

TABLE 16.3 - STORAGE REQUIREMENT PER FITTING

450 - 900 litres

Bed pan washer

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