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DM Assignment 1 OSS

This document contains 41 questions about discrete mathematical structures. The questions cover topics like set theory, functions, relations, the pigeonhole principle, mathematical induction, and recurrence relations. Some examples of questions asked include finding unions and intersections of sets, determining if a relation represents a function, proving statements using induction, and solving recurrence relations.

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510 views7 pages

DM Assignment 1 OSS

This document contains 41 questions about discrete mathematical structures. The questions cover topics like set theory, functions, relations, the pigeonhole principle, mathematical induction, and recurrence relations. Some examples of questions asked include finding unions and intersections of sets, determining if a relation represents a function, proving statements using induction, and solving recurrence relations.

Uploaded by

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Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Subject: Discrete Mathematical Structures

Subject Code: MATH231


Last Date of submission: 9th Sept, 2016
Assignment No.1
A. SET THEORY
Ques 1: Show that A = {2, 3, 4, 5} is not a subset of B={x| X N, x is even}
Ques 2: Refer the universal set U = {1, 2, 3., 9} and the sets
A= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
B= {4, 5, 6, 7}
C= {5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
D= {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
F= {1, 5, 9}
Find
a. A U B and AB
b. D U F and DF
c. Ac and Ec
d. A\B, B\A, D\E and F\D
e. Symmetric difference between A and B ; D and E; E and F
Ques 3: Show that we can have A B= A C without B = C
Ques 4: Find using values of sets from question 2
a. A (B U E)
b. (A\E)C
c. (A D)\B
d. (B F) U (C E)
Ques 5: In Venn Diagram represent two arbitrary sets A and B. Shade
a. ABC
b. (B|A)C
Ques 6: Determine the validity of the Following argument:
S1: All my friends are musicians
S2: John is my Friend
S3: None of my neighbors are musicians
S: John is not my neighbor

Ques 7: Show that the set of Positive Rational number is Countable. Let the list of
positive rational numbers as sequence r1 , r2 , r3, r4,. rn, Note that every Positive
rational number is a quotient p/q of positive integers.
Ques 8: Find the cardinality of the set A U B where A and B are any arbitrary sets.
Ques 9: Among Integers 1 to 300
a. How many of them are divisible neither by 3 nor by 5 , nor by 7?
b. How many of them are divisible by 3 but not by 5 nor by 7?
Ques 10: It is known that in university 60 % of professors play tennis , 50 % of them
play bridge , 70% jog, 20 % play tennis and bridge, 40 % play bridge and jog and 30 %
play tennis and jog. If someone claimed that 20 % professors jog and play tennis and
bridge, would you believe his claim? Why?
Ques 11: Draw a Venn diagram and test the validity of the following argument:
All guilty people will be arrested. All thieves are guilty people. Therefore, all thieves
will be arrested.
Ques12:
a. Prove the identity: (A U B) ( A U BC ) = A
b. Prove (A U B) \(A B) = ( A/B) U (B|A)
Ques 13:
a. Find all the partitions of S = {1,2,3}
b. Determine the power set Power (A) of A = {a,b,c,d}
B. FUNCTIONS
Ques14: let the functions f and g be defined by f(x)=2x+1 and g(x)=x2 2. Find the
formula defining the composition function g o f.
Ques 15: Let f: R R be defines by f(x) = 2x-3. Now f is one to one and onto; hence f
has an inverse function f-1. Find the formula for f-1?
Ques 16: Find the cardinal number of each set?
A. A ={a,b,c,d.y, z}
B. B= {1,-3,-5,11,-28}
C. C={x:x N, x2= 5}
D. D= {10, 20, 30, 40, 50,}
E. E= {6, 7, 8, 9,}

Ques 17: Let a and b be positive integers, and suppose Q is defined recursively as
follows:
Q(a, b) =0
if a <b
Q((a-b), b)+1
if b<=a
Find :
a. Q(2,5)
b. Q(12,5)
c. What does this function do? Find Q(5861,7)
Ques 18: Sketch the graph of:
a. F(x) = x2+x-6
b. G(x)= x3-3x2-x+3
Ques 19: Consider functions f:A B and g: B C. Prove the following:
A. if f and g are one to one , then the composition function gof is one to one.
B. If f and g are onto functions, then go f is an onto function.
Ques 20: Find the domain of the real valued functions:
a. f(x)= 81-x2
b. f(x)= 25-x2
c. f(x)= x2-3x-4
d. f(x)= 1/ x-2
Ques 21: Let X={1,2,3,4}. Determine whether or not each relation is a function from X
into X.
a. f={(2,3), (1,4),(2,1),(3,2),(4,4)}
b. g={(3,1),(4,2),(1,1)}
c. h= {(2,1), (3,4),(1,4),(2,1),(4,4)}
Ques 22: Consider the following functions and compute:

a.
b.
c.
d.

gof
ho(gof)
(hog)of
Stat e the necessary and sufficient condition on f and g so that:
(1)
g0f is an onto function

(2)
gof to be one to one
(3)
gof to be one to one onto
e. Construct an example to show that for two functions f and g from A to A, in
general, fog g o f

C. RELATIONS
Ques 23:
a. Given : A= {1,2}, b= { x,y,z} and C= {3,4} Find: A X B X C
b. Let A= { 1,2 }, B={a,b,c} and C= {c, m, d}. Find (A X B) (A X C) and (B C)
c. Prove (A
d. X B) (A X C) = A X (B C)
Ques 24: Let A= {1,2,3,4,6} and let r be the relation on a defined by x divides y,
written x|y.(Note x|y iff there exists an integer z such that xz=y.)
a) Write R as a set of ordered pairs
b) Draw its directed graph.
c) Find the inverse relation R-1 of R. Can R-1 be described in word?
Ques 25: Let R and S be the following relations on A ={1,2,3}:
R={(1,1),(1,2),(2,3),(3,1),(3,3)}, S={(1,2),(1,3),(2,1),(3,3)}
Find
a. R S, R U S, Rc
b. RoS
c. S2=SoS
Ques 26: Given A= {1,2,3,4}. Consider the following relation in A:
R= {(1,1),(2,2),(2,3),(3,2),(4,2),(4,4)}
a. Draw its Directed Graph.
b. Is R i) Reflexive ii) Symmetric iii)Transitive or iv) antisymmetric?
c. Find R2 = Ro R
Ques 27: Let A be a set of non zero integers and let be the relation on A X A defined
by (a, b) (c, d) whenever ad= bc. Prove that is an equivalence relation?
Ques 28: Let R be the following equivalence relation on the set A ={ ,2,3,4,5,6}:
R= {(1,2),(1,5),(2,2),(2,3),(2,6),(3,2),(3,3),(3,6),(4,4),(5,1),(5,5),(6,2),(6,3),(6,6)}
Find the partition of A induced by R, i.e. find the equivalence classes of R.
Ques 29: From the following Digraphs, write relation as set of ordered pairs and check
for equivalence or partial ordering.

a.

b.

c. Draw a digraph for relation R on A. A={ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}. Let xRy whenever y is


divisible by x. Is R equivalence relation? Is R Partial Ordering?

D. The PigeonHole Principle


Ques 30: Let L be a list (not necessarily in alphabetic order) of the 26 letters in the
English alphabet (which consists of 5 vowels, A, E, I, O <u and 21 consonants)
a. Show that L has a sublist consisting of four or more consecutive consonants.
b. Assuming L begins with a vowel, say A, show that L has a sublist consisting of
five or more consecutive consonants.

Ques 31: Find the minimum number n of integers to be selected from S= {1,2,,9} so
that:
a. The sum of two of the n integers is even.
b. The Difference of two of the n integers is 5.
E. MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION
Ques 32: Prove the proposition that the sum of the first n positive integers is n(n+1)/2;
that is
P(n):1+2++n=1/2n(n+1)
Ques 33: Prove the proposition P that the sum of the squares of the first positive integers
is n(n+1)(2n+1)/6; that is
P(n):12+22+.+n2=n(n+1)(2n+1)/6

Ques 34: Use mathematical induction to prove that 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n = n (n + 1) / 2 for


all positive integers n.
Ques 35: Use mathematical induction to prove De Moivre's theorem
[ R (cos t + i sin t) ] n = R n(cos nt + i sin nt),
for n a positive integer.
Ques 36: Prove that for any positive integer number n , n 3 + 2 n is divisible by 3
F. RECURRENCE RELATIONS
Ques 37: Compute the first four terms of the sequence defined by each of the following
recurrence relations:
a. An= nan-1+n2an-2
b. An= a2n-1 for n>=2
c. An = an-1 an-3 for n>=3
d. An =6an-1
Ques 38: Predict the formula for the following recurrence relation by substitution
method.
Tn=1
n=2
And tn=2tn-1 +1
n>2
Ques 39: Using iterative (substitution) method, predict a solution for following
recurrence relation
Tn =0 for n = 0

and
Tn = tn-1 + 4n

for n>=1

Ques 40: Solve the following Recurrence


Tn = 7tn-1 10tn-2
Subject to initial conditions
Tn = 5 for n=0
Tn =16 for n=1
Ques 41: Find the solution for the recurrence relation
Tn=-3an-1-3an-2-an-3
With initial conditions
T0=1 for n=0
T1 = -2 for n=1
T3= -1 for n=2

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