Structure & Written Expression

I.

Sentence?
A simple sentence in English must have at least one SUBJECT and one
VERB
Excercise:

II.

III.

1) _________ was ringing continuously for hours.

a. Loudly
c. The phone
b. In the morning
d. The bells
2) Newspapers __________ every morning and every evening.
a. Delivers
c. Usually delivered
b. Are delivered
d. Delivered
3) The plane ___________ landing at the airport in five minutes.
a. It is
c. Is descending
b. Will be
d. Will be descending
4) My Best Friend always helpful with problems.
(Correct / Incorrect)
5) The Bus Schedule has changed since last week.
(Correct / Incorrect)
6) The Name of the baby in the crib is jack.
(Correct / Incorrect)
7) By the next meeting of the class need to turn in the papers. (Correct / Incorrect)
8) The Crying baby need to be picked up
(Correct / Incorrect)
9) The clothes are lying on the floor should go into the washing machine.
10) (Correct / Incorrect)
11)
The Connector ( 3 basic connectors)
12)
But,Or,and,So
Ex: She laughed, but she wanted to cry
13) Adverb Clause Connector
14) Time
15) Cau
16) Conditio
17) Contrast
se
n
18) After Since
19) Bec
21) If
23) Although
While until
ause
22) Whether
24) Even though
When as
20) Sinc
While
before
e
Example:
Matt felt good because he passed
25)
Because Matt passed, he felt good
26)
27) Adjective Clause Connector
28) Whom (People)
29) Which
30) That (Things or
(Things)
People)
31) The adjective connectors can be omitted. The omission is very common in
spoken or casual written English. It is not as common in formal English or
TOEFL test
Example:
I like the dress that you are wearing
32)
The dress that you are wearing is beautiful
33)
Singular/Plural? Countable/Uncountable?
a. Singular/Plural?
1) He just finished several book
(Correct / Incorrect)
2) He studied each chapters
(Correct / Incorrect)
3) She talked to every man in the room
(Correct / Incorrect)

IV.

V.

4) There is not a single bit of food in the refrigerator (Correct / Incorrect)

5) You need two piece of ID card
(Correct / Incorrect)
6) You must answer every questions on the test
(Correct / Incorrect)
34)
b. Countable/Uncountable?
1) There was so many happiness here
(Correct / Incorrect)
2) She will visit in a few months
(Correct / Incorrect)
3) Many risk are unnecessary taken
(Correct / Incorrect)
4) They have taken so much trips recently
(Correct / Incorrect)
35)
Agreement & Parallel
Simple Subject-Verb Agreement ( + Prepositional phrase)
1.
The dog barks at night
(Correct / Incorrect)
2.
The door of the rooms are locked
(Correct
/
Incorrect)
3.
The subject of the lectures was quite interesting
(Correct
/
Incorrect)
4.
The supplies for the camping trip needs to be packed
(Correct
/
Incorrect)
Agreement after expressions of quantity
1. Half of the students in the class arrive early.
(Correct / Incorrect)
2. Some of the fruit are rotten.
(Correct / Incorrect)
3. Most of the food was delicious.
(Correct / Incorrect)
4. All of the book are burned
(Correct / Incorrect)
5. The first part of the questions on the test was impossible to answer
36)
(Correct
/
Incorrect)
Agreement after certain words
1. Nothing is impossible
(Correct / Incorrect)
2. Somebody here need a lot of love
(Correct / Incorrect)
3. Anybody are welcome at the party
(Correct / Incorrect)
4. I am sure that every informations have been considered, but something is
missing
(Correct / Incorrect)
5. Each house has the papers
(Correct / Incorrect)
Parallel Structure
1. You can find some change to buy a paper in the drawer, on top of the dresser,
or in the jar
(Correct
/
Incorrect)
2. The Pastries in that shop are very expensive but deliciously (Correct /
Incorrect)
3. The evening dress was beauty but expensive
(Correct / Incorrect)
4. The student reads each chapter, takes a lot of notes, and memories the
material.
37)
(Correct
/
Incorrect)
1. The other types of parallel
a. Both_____and______
c. Neither____nor______
b. Either_____or_______
d. Not only___but also__
e.
The Four Kingdoms (Adjective-Adverb-Noun-Verb).

a.
[NOUN b.
c.
[VERB]
d.
e.
f.
[ADJECTIVE]
g.
Ex: (exercise, not example)
1) She is good
2) It is a delicious meal
3) He writes letters quickly
4) It is a quickly written letter
5) They were seated at a largerly table
6) It is an extremely quickly written letter
7) The child talked something nicely to her mother
8) She is terribly sorry
9) The bomb blew unbelievably loud
10) It is a very beautiful dressed girl
11) I saw a very horrible scary movie
h.
i.
j.
k.

(Correct / Incorrect)
(Correct / Incorrect)
(Correct / Incorrect)
(Correct / Incorrect)
(Correct / Incorrect)
(Correct / Incorrect)
(Correct / Incorrect)
(Correct / Incorrect)
(Correct / Incorrect)
(Correct / Incorrect)
(Correct / Incorrect)

l. Strategies for Reading Comprehension

Questions
1. Skim the reading passage to determine the main idea and to find a key word.
m.
2. Look at the questions at first, not the passage, to determine what types of questions
you must answer. Each type of question is answered in a different way.
n.
3. The question type tells you exactly where to look in the passage to find correct
answers.
o.
a. Main Idea question
c. Vocabulary question
b. Stated/unstated detail
d. Implied question
question
e. 3W question
f.
4. Read the part of the passage that contains the answer carefully.
a.
The answer will probably be in the same sentence (or one sentence before
or after) the key word or idea.
b.
5. Never leave any number blank
a.
b. Exercise:
c. Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United Stat es ate most foods only
in season. Drying, smoking, and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the
availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited; there was no way to
prevent spoilage. But in 1810 a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the
cooking-and-sealing process of canning. And in the 1850's an American named Gail Borden
developed a means of condensing and preserving milk. Canned goods and condensed milk

became more common during the 1860's, but supplies remained low because cans had to be
made by hand. By 1880, however, inventors had fashioned stamping and soldering machines
that mass-produced cans from tinplate. Suddenly all kinds of food could be preserved and
bought at all times of the year.
d. Other trends and inventions had also helped make it possible for Americans to vary
their daily diets. Growing urban populations created demand that encouraged fruit and
vegetable farmers to raise more produce. Railroad refrigerator cars enabled growers
e.
and meat packers to ship perishables great distances and to preserve them for longer
periods. Thus, by the 1890's, northern city dwellers could enjoy southern and western
strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes, previously available for a month at most, for up to six
months of the year. In addition, increased use of iceboxes enabled families to store
perishables. An easy means of producing ice commercially had been invented in the
f.
1870's, and by 1900 the nation had more than two thousand commercial ice plants,
most of which made home deliveries. The icebox became a fixture in most homes and
remained so until the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920's and 1930's.
g. Almost everyone now had a more diversified diet. Some people continued to eat
mainly foods that were heavy in starches or carbohydrates, and not everyone could afford
meat. Nevertheless, many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits,
vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more varied fare.
h.
i.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
j.
(A) Causes of food spoilage
k.
(B) Commercial production of ice
l.
(C) Inventions that led to changes in the American diet
m.
(D) Population movements in the nineteenth century
n.
o.
2. The phrase "in season" in line 2 refers to
p. (A) a kind of weather
(C) an official schedule
q. (B) a particular time of year
(D) a method of flavoring food
r.
s.
3. The word "prevent" in line 4 is closest in meaning to
t.
(A) estimate (B) avoid
(C) correct (D) confine
u.
v.
4. During the 1860's, canned food products were
w.
(A) unavailable in rural areas
(C) available in limited quantities
x.
(B) shipped in refrigerator cars
(D) a staple part of the American diet
y.
z.
5. It can be inferred that railroad refrigerator cars came into use
aa. (A) before 1860
(B) before 1890
(C) after 1900
(D) after
1920
ab.
ac.
6. The word "them" in line 14 refers to
ad.
(A) refrigerator cars (B) perishables
(C) growers (D) distances
ae.
af.
7. The word "fixture" in line 20 is closest in meaning to
ag. (A) luxury item
(B) substance
ah. (C) commonplace object
(D) mechanical device
ai.
aj. 8. The author implies that in the 1920's and 1930's home deliveries of ice
ak. (A) decreased in number
(C) increased in cost
al. (B) were on an irregular schedule (D) occurred only in the summer
am.
an.
9. The word "nevertheless" in line 24 is closest in meaning to
ao. (A) therefore (B) because (C) occasionally
(D) however
ap.
aq.
10. Which of the following types of food preservation was NOT mentioned in the
passage?
ar. (A) Drying (B) Canning (C) Cold storage
(D) Chemical additives
as.
at.
11 Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?

au. (A) Tin cans and iceboxes helped to make many foods more widely available.
av. (B) Commercial ice factories were developed by railroad owners.
aw. (C) Most farmers in the United States raised only fruits and vegetables.
ax. (D) People who lived in cities demanded home delivery of foods.
ay.
az.
ba. Strategies for Reading Comprehension Questions
bb. Part A
bc. You will have 30 short conversations followed by a question each. Both will
not be printed.
1. As you listen to each short conversation, focus on the second line of the
conversation
bd.
2. Never leave any answers blank.
be.
bf. Part B
bg. You will hear two long conversations and followed by the questions. Both will
not be printed. The conversations are usually about school life or topic in the
news in USA.
1. Listen carefully to the first line of the conversation.
bh.
2. You should guess even if you are not sure. Never leave any answers blank.
bi.
bj. Part C
bk. You will hear three monologues / talks. The questions of the monologues will
not be printed. The monologues usually talk about some academic aspects or
topic in the news.
bl.
1. Listen carefully to the first line of the talk.
bm.
2. Try to draw conclusion about the detail situation of the talk.
bn.
3. You should guess even if you are not sure. Never leave any answers blank.
bo.
bp. Excercie:
cd.
(C) His daughter will start school in a year
bq. Part A
br. 1. (A) Her concerns were
expressed.
bs.
(B) She wonders if the concert
was good.
bt.
(C) The music was fantastic.
bu.
(D) She wandered about
during the night.
bv.
bw. 2. (A) In a bus station.
bx.
(B) In a post office.
by.
(C) In an airport.
bz.
(D) In a travel agency.
ca.
cb. 3. (A) He spends half his time
with his daughter.
cc.
(B) His daughters under a
year old.

and a half.
ce.

cl.

(D) His daughters eighteen

months old

cf.
cg. 4. (A) Hes on the basketball
team.
ch.
(B) He doesnt even like to
play basketball.
ci.
(C) Hes too short to make the
team.
cj.
(D) He thinks hes tall enough.
ck.
5. (A) Shes thinking about her grade in the
seminar.
cm. (B) The seminar is quite
realistic.
cn.
(C) The seminar will take a
great deal of time.

co.

(D) She agrees with the man

about the seminar.

cp.
cq. Part B
cr.
cs.
ct.
cu.
cv.
cw.
cx.
cy.
cz.
da.
db.
dc.
dd.
de.
df.
dg.
dh.

31. (A) A new bicycle.

(B) An inexpensive bicycle.
(C) A fast bicycle.
(D) A stationary bicycle.
32. (A) A half mile.
(B) A mile.
(C) Two miles.
(D) Four miles.
33. (A) He doesnt like it.
(B) It doesnt work very well.
(C) Its broken.
(D) He got a new one.

34. (A) Go see his friends

bicycle.
di.
(B) See her new apartment.
dj.
(C) Walk to school.

dk.

dl.
dm.

(D) Buy a new bicycle.

Part C

dn. 39. (A) Only three chapters.

do.
(B) Three chemistry books.
dp.
(C) Lecture notes and part of
the book.
dq.
(D) Only class notes from the
lectures.
dr.
ds. 40. (A) Only multiple choice.
dt.
(B) Short and long essays.
du.
(C) Three short essays.
dv.
(D) Essays and multiple
choice.
dw.
dx. 41. (A) Half an hour.
dy.
(B) Fifty minutes.
dz.
(C) An hour.
ea.
(D) Ninety minutes.
eb.
ec. 42. (A) Listen to a lecture.
ed.
(B) Study for the exam.
ee.
(C) Read three chapters.
ef.
(D) Take an exam.

eg.