Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 206 views

    Chapter 8 Prestressed

    Uploaded by

    Nurhafizah Ahmad
    - Pre-stressed concrete uses pre-compression to counteract tensile stresses that would otherwise cause cracking. It utilizes high-strength steel tendons to place concrete in compression. - There are two main methods: pretension and post-tension. Pretension stresses tendons before concrete is poured. Post-tensioning stresses tendons after concrete has hardened. - Stresses in pre-stressed concrete members experience both short-term losses immediately after stress transfer and long-term losses that gradually reduce the prestress force over time. Proper design accounts for these losses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter 8 Prestressed

    Uploaded by

    Nurhafizah Ahmad
    206 views41 pages
    - Pre-stressed concrete uses pre-compression to counteract tensile stresses that would otherwise cause cracking. It utilizes high-strength steel tendons to place concrete in compression. - There are two main methods: pretension and post-tension. Pretension stresses tendons before concrete is poured. Post-tensioning stresses tendons after concrete has hardened. - Stresses in pre-stressed concrete members experience both short-term losses immediately after stress transfer and long-term losses that gradually reduce the prestress force over time. Proper design accounts for these losses.

    Original Description:

    ok

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    - Pre-stressed concrete uses pre-compression to counteract tensile stresses that would otherwise cause cracking. It utilizes high-strength steel tendons to place concrete in compression. - There are two main methods: pretension and post-tension. Pretension stresses tendons before concrete is poured. Post-tensioning stresses tendons after concrete has hardened. - Stresses in pre-stressed concrete members experience both short-term losses immediately after stress transfer and long-term losses that gradually reduce the prestress force over time. Proper design accounts for these losses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    206 views41 pages

    Chapter 8 Prestressed

    Uploaded by

    Nurhafizah Ahmad
    - Pre-stressed concrete uses pre-compression to counteract tensile stresses that would otherwise cause cracking. It utilizes high-strength steel tendons to place concrete in compression. - There are two main methods: pretension and post-tension. Pretension stresses tendons before concrete is poured. Post-tensioning stresses tendons after concrete has hardened. - Stresses in pre-stressed concrete members experience both short-term losses immediately after stress transfer and long-term losses that gradually reduce the prestress force over time. Proper design accounts for these losses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 41
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are about the differences between pre-tension and post-tension concrete, the stress distributions at different stages, and how to determine suitable beam dimensions.

    In pre-tension concrete, the steel tendons are stressed before the concrete is poured, while in post-tension concrete, the concrete is poured first before stressing the tendons. The tendons are then anchored at both ends in post-tension concrete.

    At transfer, the stresses are affected by self-weight moment, prestressing force and its eccentricity. At service, the stresses are further influenced by service load moment in addition to losses in prestressing force over time.

    Pre-stressed concrete = Pre-compression concrete

    Pre-compression stresses is applied at the place when tensile stress occur


    Concrete weak in tension but strong in compression

    Pretension

    Steel tendon is first stressed


    Concrete is then poured
    After harden and reaching the
    required strength, the steel tendon is
    cut

    Posttension

    Concrete is first poured in the mould


    After harden, steel tendon is then
    stressed and anchored at both ends

    Phase 1

    Phase 2

    Phase 3

    Phase 1

    Phase 2

    Phase 3

    Steel
    Tendon

    Concrete
    Between C30
    and C60

    7 or 19 nos of
    strand

    High workability
    during wet and
    high strength
    when hardened

    High strength
    steel

    Concrete
    strength at
    transfer, fci
    0.6fck(t) N/mm2

    Steel strength
    usually 1650
    N/mm2

    Section 5.10.2.2(3): MS EN 1992-1-1: 2004

    Stresses

    Loading Stage
    Transfer
    Symbol
    Value or
    Equation

    Service
    Symbol
    Value or
    Equation

    Compressive

    fct

    0.6fck (t)

    fcs

    0.6fck

    Tensile

    ftt

    fctm

    fts

    Some losses are immediate affecting the prestress force as soon as it


    transferred. Other losses occur gradually with time. Known as short-term
    and long-term losses, they include:
    Short-term
    (a) Elastic shortening of the concrete
    (b) Slip or movement of tendons at anchorage
    (c) Relaxation of prestressing steel
    (d) Friction at the bend due to curvature of tendons

    Long-term
    (a) Creep and shrinkage of the concrete under sustained compression
    (b) Relaxation of the prestressing steel under sustained tension

    b
    Top fibre

    yt

    N.A
    Ungrouted duct

    yb

    Bottom fibre
    Prestressing
    tendon

    Reinforcement /
    bonded tendon

    w = 10 kN/m

    8m

    h = 500 mm

    b = 200 mm

    fc
    +

    yt
    yb

    ft
    Mmax = wL2/8 = 80 kNm

    Tensile stress, ft = fc = Mmax/Z = Mmaxy/I


    where I = bh3/12 and yt = yb = h/2

    Therefore;
    ft = fc
    = (wL2/8)(h/2) (bh3/12)
    = 9.65 N/mm2

    Prestress force, P is then applied to eliminate


    tensile stress
    P

    N.A

    fc = 9.65 N/mm2

    14 N/mm2

    ft = 9.64 N/mm2
    Stress due to
    loading

    P/A
    Stress due to
    force P

    0 N/mm2
    Total stress

    9.65 + P/A = 0
    Prestress force, P
    required to eliminate
    tensile stress
    = 9.65A
    = 965 kN

    If the prestress force, P applied is not at the centroid


    N.A

    P
    Pe/Zt

    fc = 9.65 N/mm2

    +
    _

    14 N/mm2

    =
    +

    ft = 9.65 N/mm2
    Stress due to
    loading

    Pe/Zb
    P/A
    Stress due to force P

    0 N/mm2
    Total stress

    9.65 + P/A + Pe/Z = 0


    Prestress force, P required to eliminate tensile stress
    = 9.65 / [(1/A) + (e/Z)] = 283 kN

    (a) At Transfer
    Mi = Moment due to self weight

    = Coefficient of short term losses

    _
    Mi/Zb
    Stress due to
    self weight

    f1t ftt

    Pe/Zt

    P/A

    Mi/Zt

    P/A

    +
    +
    Pe/Zb

    Stress due to force P

    f2t fct
    Total stress

    (a) At Service
    ws kN/m (Service Load)

    = Coefficient of long term losses

    Mi/Zt

    Ms/Zt

    +
    _
    Mi/Zb
    Stress due to
    self weight

    Stress due to
    ws kN/m

    Pe/Zt

    P/A

    f1s fcs

    _
    Ms/Zb

    P/A

    =
    +
    Pe/Zb

    Stress due to force P

    f2s fts

    Total stress

    From both Figures:


    At Transfer
    Mi/Zt + P/A Pe/Zt ftt
    Mi/Zb + P/A + Pe/Zb fct

    -------------------

    (1)
    (2)

    -------------------

    (3)
    (4)

    At Service
    Mi/Zt + Ms/Zt + P/A Pe/Zt fcs
    Mi/Zb Ms/Zb + P/A + Pe/Zb fts

    Rearranging Eqs. (1) (4):

    P/A(eA/Zt 1) Mi/Zt ftt

    ----------

    (5)

    P/A(eA/Zb + 1) Mi/Zb fct

    ----------

    (6)

    P/A(1 eA/Zt) + Mi/Zt + Ms/Zt fcs

    ----------

    (7)

    P/A(1 + eA/Zb) + Mi/Zb + Ms/Zb fts

    ----------

    (8)

    ws = 20 kN/m

    P
    15 m

    Rectangular beam = b h = 300 950 mm. Prestress force, P =


    2000 kN acted at e = 200 mm below centroid. The short-term
    and long-term losses of the prestress are 10% and 20%,
    respectively.
    (a) If fck = 40 N/mm2 draw the stress distribution diagram at midspan during transfer and service. Also check that these
    stresses are within the allowable limits.

    Cross sectional area, Ac

    =bh
    = 300 950
    = 2.85 105 mm2

    Moment of inertia, Ixx

    = bh3/12
    = 300 9503/12
    = 2.14 1010 mm4

    Modulus of section, Zt = Zb

    = Ixx/y
    = 2.14 1010 / 475
    = 4.51 107 mm3

    Stress limit for fck = 40 N/mm2 and fci = 28 N/mm2


    At Transfer
    fct = 0.6fck(t) = 0.6(28) = 16.8 N/mm2
    ftt = fctm = 0.30 (28)2/3 = 2.77 N/mm2
    At Service
    fcs = 0.6fck = 0.6(40) = 24.0 N/mm2
    fts = 0.0 N/mm2

    Stress Distribution

    At Transfer
    Self weight, wi = (Ac)(25) = (2.85 105)(25) 10-6 = 7.12 kN/m
    Mi at mid-span = wiL2/8 = (7.12)(152)/8 = 200.2 kNm
    Short-term losses, = (1 0.10) = 0.90
    Stress at top fibre
    f1t
    = Mi/Zt + P/A Pe/Zt
    = 5.20 N/mm2
    Stress at bottom fibre
    f2t
    = Mi/Zb + P/A + Pe/Zb
    = 17.84 N/mm2

    f1t (5.20) ftt ( 2.77)


    _

    PASS

    +
    f2t (17.84) fct (16.8)

    FAIL

    Stress Distribution

    At Service
    Service load, ws = 20 kN/m
    Ms at mid-span = wsL2/8 = (20)(152)/8 = 562.5 kNm
    Long-term losses, = (1 0.20) = 0.80
    Stress at top fibre
    f1s
    = Mi/Zt + Ms/Zt + P/A Pe/Zt
    = 8.33 N/mm2
    Stress at bottom fibre
    f2s
    = Mi/Zb Ms/Zb + P/A + Pe/Zb
    = 3.23 N/mm2

    f1s (8.33) fcs (24.0)

    PASS

    _
    f2k (3.23) fts (0)

    PASS

    Eq. (5) + Eq. (7)


    Mi/Zt Mi/Zt + Ms/Zt (fcs + ftt)
    Zt ( )Mi + Ms (fcs + ftt)

    ---------- (9)

    Eq. (6) + Eq. (8)


    Mi/Zb Mi/Zb + Ms/Zb (fts + fct)
    Zb ( )Mi + Ms (fts + fct)

    ---------- (10)

    A prestressed concrete beam with an effective length of 20 m is


    simply supported at both ends. During service, a characteristics
    load 20 kN/m is applied to the beam apart from its self weight. The
    concrete strength is 50 N/mm2 and the transfer is done when the
    concrete achieve the strength of 30 N/mm2. The prestressing force
    applied is 2000 kN at the eccentricity of 500 mm at mid-span. The
    short-term and long-term losses is 10% and 20%, respectively.
    Design the suitable beam cross section if a rectangular section is
    used.

    Stress limit;
    At Transfer
    fct = 0.6fck(t) = 0.6(30) = 18.0 N/mm2
    ftt = fctm = 0.30 (30)2/3 = 2.90 N/mm2
    At Service
    fcs = 0.6fck = 0.6(50) = 30.0 N/mm2
    fts = 0.0 N/mm2

    Ms = (20) 202/8 = 1000 kNm (not including the self weight)


    From Eq. (9):
    (fcs + ftt) = 0.9(30) + 0.8(2.90) = 29.32 N/mm2
    Zt ( )Mi + Ms (fcs + ftt)
    Zt (0.1Mi + 900) 106 / 29.32

    From Eq. (10):


    (fts + fct) = 0.9(0) + 0.8(18.0) = 14.4 N/mm2
    Zb ( )Mi + Ms (fts + fct)
    Zb (0.1Mi + 900) 106 / 14.4

    Since Zb Zt, only Zb is used & checked to find


    the suitable cross section of the beam

    For rectangular cross section


    Zt = Zb = Ixx/y = bh3/12 (h/2) = bh2/6
    Try 300 mm 1000 mm

    Self weight, wi = 0.3 1.0 25 = 7.5 kN/m


    Moment due to self weight, Mi = 375 kNm
    Zb

    (0.1 375 + 900) 106 / 14.4


    65.1 106 mm3

    Z = 300 10002/6 = 50 106 mm3 Zb

    Increase size

    Try 300 mm 1400 mm


    Self weight, wi = 0.3 1.4 25 = 10.5 kN/m
    Moment due to self weight, Mi = 525 kNm

    Zb

    (0.1 525 + 900) 106 / 14.4


    66.1 106 mm3

    Z = 300 14002/6 = 98.0 106 mm3 Zb

    OK

    TARMAC TOPFLOOR

    TARMAC TOPFLOOR

    You might also like