Ceri Jones & Tania Bastow STAN ola Mal lac]Ceri Jones & Tania Bastow with Jon Hird American Student’s Book Advanced AA MACMILLANrey to} 1 Identity What makes you yur ‘The gender gap Relationships Mistaken identity page 4 2 Taste Food Restaurant Good taste page 14 3 City Cities ofthe world Danger in the city Boredom page 24 4 Talk Conversations ‘Tendencies and habits Jokes and funny page 34 5 Luck The lotery Wishes and regrets ASH story page 44 6 Mind A medical case Senses Pet psychology: page 54 7 Review 1 page 63 er eae Reais) Recognizing famous people EB People describing what gives them Discussing what gives you your their entity identity t || Excerpts from Men Are Fron Mars, Women Are From Venus, by John Gray Song: My Gir, by Madness oyfriend and girlfriend arguing on the phone L | Acase of mistaken identity Discussing an ambiguous sltuawon ana photographs |A phone conversation Anecdote: talking about yout jo, hometown, or family’ Writing about another stadent in the class Ifyou were a fod... ES. People talking about the fod they Talking about food associations associate with certain situations Heaths eareonee IEEE. eople describing food experiences Game: expanding sentences Pes Anecdote: describing your ! favorite resturant (Amite: a restaurant review TE Friends discussing good taste Writing a restaurant review World city quiz Talking about towns and cities Discussing the dangers of cities Talking about boredom Anecdote: describing a city that ‘made an impression on you A radio show Friends discussing a newspaper article “Excerpts from travel guides Information about Times Square Woiting a short newspaper story inthe ci Writing a description ofa famous a eae LL Poem: Sting, by Carol Ann Duly Finding someone who. EE People talking about what makes a Talking about conversations eee Telling jokes and fanmy stores : Excerpt from Tha’s No! Wh I Mom Freee aleteaate aha co ce mmamber af your amily EB. Favesdroppingon conversations EB Someone taking abot famiiy members ther habits, and thie haracirstis Talking about Tack EB Friends discussing god-huck charms Anecdote: an event that has Pace ee {Artic Winning she Big One—a tery Game: Wishful Thinking winner's story: Pe es) EB Friends discussing the reading text ee eae eer Pane EEE somone tling the story ofa theft EX exp rom The Day the Tis. by John Wyndham Finding out what you know |) Except from The Mor Wo Mistok His about the brain Wife for a Hat, by Dr. Oliver Sacks Discussing the five senses EA People discussing the senses pacane Pe) LL) Accase of pet psychology Song: I’m Guing Slightly Mad, by Queen Friends diseussing the dangers of living @rammar, @ocabulary, anc] (elcutasnccua! © Adverbials: types and position Phrasal verbs with objects © Vocabulary of personal values Word building © Getting angry ater ee Order of actives at eeeel al eet Reverse word onder © Combinations wth ase © expressing enthusiasm and eserato Espressors lorsgraring dl dingat © Hedging, "Negative and limiting adverbials © City combinations Informal vocabulary © Adding emphasis: just. ally actully @ Test yourself sh words General tendencies Past tendencies © Expressions with conversation ‘Vocabulary of talking and conversatio Expressions with tale © Tallinga funny story @ Unreal conditionals Wishes and regrets © Cultural items Deseriptive verbs Wise Verbs ofthe senses Patcpial classes © Vern about sing Mind and its expressions © Word inkingrer) Speaking re) oad Eee) Teeuor kes 8 Cyberspace The future of the world Video games Using the Internet and e-mail Big Brother page 68 9 Law Crime and punishment Legal cases Newspaper reports page 78 10 Firsts A new race Great achievements Coming infest / doing something, for the fist time Page 88 11 Stories Telling stories Urban tegencls and short stories change of plans page 98 12 Words New words in English The written word Word games| English speling page 108 13 Conscience Giving money to charity Ethical tourism Guilty page 118 14 Review 2 page 127 ‘Talking abous gadgets Making predictions about the future Discussing the state ofthe world at the end of the 21st century Giving a presentation Talking about e-mail and the liernet Discussing applications for Big Brother Writing a magazine article about veo games Weiting a letter from a Big Brother applicant Divcuing crimes and appoprie punishments Discussing proposals for new laws Looking atthe differences bbeeween tabloids and broadshets Writing the end of a tabloid or broadsheet story Waiting a tabloid article about the reading text Discussing extreme challenges “Talking about whether you te an Initiator, a follower, ora ditherer “Anecdote: talking about a time ‘when you did something for the first time or came in first in something Writing quiz questions Talking about stories from around the world Talking about and telling urban, legends ‘Anecdote: plans that had to be changed Writing an article fora Web site about storytellers ‘Writing a short story “Talking about words Talking about writing leters ‘Talking about English spelling Diseassing the Future of your mother tongue and glooal languages Game: Three diferent word games Writing an invitation, a thank-you letter or a letter of apology Writing a short autobiographical piece ‘Talking about people asking for Discussing and presenting ideas for raising money ‘Talking about ethical tourism Discussing what makes you fee! sully [L_Article:a newspaper interview with Stephen Hawking Ea Interview with Steven Poole about ‘video games: ES People talking about why they se ‘email and the Intemet Text information about Big Brother {11 Excerpts from court cases EB People stating what punishments they think are appropeate for certain erimes EB Listening to a woman dese case of stealing LL Text legal anecdote [Tabloid and broadsheet stories Song: Love i the First Degree, by Bananarams| ings LJ text a new ca lly (Text: famous mountain ctimber {Ed Friends discussing what makes people ‘want to climb mountains ES People talking about times they came in first or did something forthe first time ES An ineerview with a professional storyteller ES An urban legend (LJ Urban legends {LJ Short story: Harts and Hands, by O. Henry {L_ Text- New Year’s Eve plans in New York EB Radio show: New Year's Eve ‘experiences {ES People talking about changed plan EB Conversations including new words 1 Excerpts from Debrot's New Guide to Etiguette and Modern Manners about letter-writing conventions EB People playing word games [L__| Excerpts from three autobiographies | Mark Twain's suggestions for improving English spelling EB People talking about who they give money toon the street Ea Friends discussing ways of raising money fr charity {| Article: ethical tourism Clue er ened Clcaturen tical © Wit or predictions and assumptions Using discourse markers © Prepositional phrases Vocabulary ofthe Internet ane email © Test yourselt paraphtasing Using modals to talk about the past Inversion after neither fn, 0, and such © Vecabulary of the courtroom {Ln and its expressions Formal vocabulary © Word linking, © Contrast Patterns with get “Test yourself: passives © Expressions Expressions with firs Vocabulary of physical challenges Iioms and phrasal verbs © Word stress @ Taling stories “The future seen from the past © Compound adjectives ‘Vocabulary of things going wrong, © Whatever, however, where et. Patterns ith hace © New words in English Expressions with word Vocabulary of lelter writing © Sitent eters © Special uses ofthe simple past © Rather Vocabulary of collecting money for charity Vocabulary of global situations [Expressions with conscience © Sentence stress + Aulditional material page 132.» Verb structures page 140 # Grammar glossary page 142 « Phonetic symbols page 142 + Tapescripts page 143,Identity 1. Do you recognize these famous people? 2 Check your answers on page 132. 3) Work witha partner and discuss these questions: a) What documents do you usually use to identify yourself? b) Do you always carry ID? Is this required by law in your country? ©) When are you usually asked to show your ID? ) What information does your ID give about you! e) Do you have any ID on you right now? {Do you like the picture? When was it taken? Born and Bred 1 Work in small groups and answer these questions: a) Where is your hometown? Were you born there? If yes, were your parents born there too? 1b) When someone asks you where you're from, what do you say? If that person was a foreigner and obviously didn’t know your country very well, would your answer be the same? ©) Which is most important to you in defining who you are: your hometown, your country, your language, your job, or something else? Why? 2 E01 Listen to Steve, David and Valeria answering some of the questions above. Take short notes on their answers. Which questions did they answer? 3 Compare answers with a partner and discuss these questions: a) Which person in 2 do you identify most closely with? Why b) Were any of their answers similar to the ones your group gave in | : lientityTypes of adverbials Language Reference p. 5) Position of adverbials Close-up 1 1 Look at the sentences below. Underline all the adverbial a) Talways stress the fact that I'm Canadian and not American, b) I live in northern New Jersey. ©) Ive lived there since I left home. d)_Iwent there to study medicine, ©) Treally like living there, For example ae es that's where I was born, us # a lot / for more than twenty years a) He’s become an American citizen, and he’s proud of that just / after thir five years of living there / really b)_...people just assume that I'm American, or maybe they're using the word America to mean North American sometimes / when I'm traveling / just ©) I guess it’s possible to stick to one language. just / in other parts of Canada 4) I've lived here, and so has my family. My family has lived in the same house. all my life / actually / for five generations ©) -=-Ilike the idea that I'm the fourth generation of doctors in the family and that a woman can catry fon what was a male family tradition, really / basically / until very recently 3 02 Listen again and check your answers. Look at the adverbials that were removed in 2. Put them into the categories below a) describes how often something happens. b)_ intensifies an adjective ©) emphasizes the verb 4) describes where the action happens ©) describes when the action happens 1) indicates how long an action continued for 8) comments on the noun phrase ‘Work with a partner. Look at the sentences below. Where would you normally place the adverb alzoays in each of them? We define ourselves according to our place of birth. ‘We would have defined ourselves according to our place of birth, Language Reference p.6)) + We have defined ourselves according to our place of birth. We wouldn’t have defined ourselves according to our place of birth.2 Look at thi intence again and answer the questions. We define ® ourselves ® according to our place of birth ®. a) _Inwhich position, 1-5, would you normally add each of these adverbials to this sentence? + when weare children ¢ ifwelivethere —* on the whole + often + tosomeextent © probably b). Which adverbials would you not use in position 2? ©) In which position can you never add an adverbial? Modify the model sentence in 2 to fit your own opinion as closely as possible. Look at these pairs of sentences. The adverbials in italics are in different positions, How does this change the meaning of the sentence? For example: A Actually, he’s performing in the play tomorrow. (and not doing something else) B He's actually performing in the play tomorrow. (and not just sitting in the audience) 1A Oaly Kate knows how to look after horses, 1B Kate only knows how to look after horses. 2A. Honestly, [can’t speak to her anymore. 2B. I can’t speak to her honestly anymore. 3A Earlier, Ihad wanted Rich to come to the meeting, 3B. Thad wanted Rich to come to the meeting earlier Interview another student and write a profile of him/her for a class magazine. Use at least five adverbials. Language Reference: Adverbials ‘An adverbial can be a word (usually, realy, probably, softly) or a phrase (at home, once a week, to get a good job, when I was a child). We generally use an adverbial to provide additional information about a verb or an adjective. ‘Types of adverbials Adverbials fulfill a number of functions. We can use them to add information about the vero by a) describing how often something happens | speak to my mother on the phone every other day. ) describing where the action happens | was mugged on the way home. ©) describing when the action happens The dinner will probably be ready by then 4d) telling us how long an action continued for He'd been dreaming about it for months. ‘We can use them to give extra information about. adjectives; for example, by grading them, He was extremely happy to see her. It was fairly hot for the time of year We can use them to comment on a clause or focus attention on one part of it. Generally speaking, the trains are very quick and efficient. Frankly, | didn't believe a word they said, ‘ve actually lived here for five years now. Identity We can use adverbials in three positions in a sentence. 1 3 Initial position (On the whole, | prefer to eat homemade food. We generally use one-word adverbials of frequency emphasis, and probability in the mid position 2) between the subject and the main verb I never trusted him. ) between an auniliary and the main verb I've always loved traveling by train. ©) Innegative sentences the adverb can be placed eith: between the subject and a negative auxiliary I really don't think you should be doing that. or directly after the negative auxiliary 1 don't really think you should be doing that. Adverbs of probability usually follow the first patter and adverbs of frequency usualy follow the second They probably didn’t mean to offend you. I don’t always get along with him. ‘We generally use longer adverbial phrases and adverbs manner in the final position. They finished the job as quickly as they could. Changing the position of the adverb can change the meani of the sentence: Only Sarah has Pierre's e-mail address. (no one else has it) Sarab has only Pierre's e-mail address, (and nobody else's)Anecdote PEE Stressing importance | guess it really means a lot Ie realy an important pert of my ie It kind of central t0 who am, I guess. Running out of thinas tosay think thats it Thores realy nat much soto say, rm not sure what ese | can tll you. Do you know what | | Am Who | Am 1 Which do ou identify most strongly with: your job, your hometown, or your family? You are going to describe the importance of one of these three things to a partner. Choose which one you are going to describe and read the questions below. Think about what you are going to say and the language you will use. Your job What do you do? How long have you done it for? Did you need to study a lot to do it? Have you always wanted to do this job? Does anybody else in your family do the same job? What da y Is there anything you don’t enjoy? Do you think you will continue in the same job for the rest of your working life? Is there anything else you'd like to adel? ‘enjoy most about your job? Your hometown Do you still ive there? If yes, do you think you will ever leave? IF not, would you like to go back there to live sometime? How long have you lived there/did you live there? Has your family lived there for generations, or do your parents come from somewhere else? What's your favorite place in the town? Why? At what time of year is the town at its best? And its worst? Isit famous for anything? Do tourists come to visit it? Is there anything else you'd like to add? Your family Do you come from a big family? How many brothers and sisters do you have? Do you have any children? Who do you get along with best of all? Is there anyone in your family you don’t get along with? ‘Are you a close-knit family? ‘What kind of things do you do together? How much time do you spend together? Do you prefer spending time with your family or with your friends? Do you go on vacation with your family? Is there anything else you'd like to add? Work with a partner. Tell him/her about the thing you identify most strongly with As you listen to your partner’s anecdote, make ‘a note of any questions you'd like to ask. When your partner has finished, ask your questions. venity ERNE 7The Gender Gap 1 Work in small groups and discuss these questions. Which question generates the most MENARE | * sscusiar DOF ADS eee fc secre ee eae Vi ' ©) Do you think men and women think differently or perceive the world differently? ; rmeryAre” | aso gngrentan cc fa to at ens te es en From Verus and women. Work with a partner. Kead this blurb trom the book jacket and answer the JOHN GRAY ‘Once upon a time Martians and Venusians met, fell in love, and had happy relationships together because they respected and accepted their differences. Then they came to Earth and amnesia set in: they forgot they were from different planets. Using this metaphor to illustrate the commonly occurring conflicts between men and women, Dr John Gray explains how these differences can come between the sexes and prohibit mutually fulfilling loving relationships. Based on years of successful counselling of couples and individuals, he gives advice on how to counteract these differences in ‘communication styles, emotional needs, and modes of behaviour to promote a greater understanding between individual partners. 4) Have you read the book? If you have, did you enjoy it? If you haven't read it, have you heard of it? What kind of book is it? Who was it writen for? What do you think the main idea is? b)_ The book is based on the premise that men and women are very different. The author mentions three categories of differences: communication styles, emotional needs and modes of behavior. What do you think the differences are? ©) Which of the following do you think the author associates with men and which with women? uniforms self-help books romance sports clothes power | gadgets and gizmos spirituality communication shoppin; [_ gadgets and at irituality ping, 3) Work with a partner. You are each going to read an excempt where the author highlights the main differences between the two sexes. Student A: Read about life on Mars on page 132. Student B: Read about life on Venus on page 138 4 Use your notes to tell your partner about your excerpt and then discuss these questions: a) Do you identify with the description given of your sex? b) Are men and women really different? Vocabulary 1 Does each of these sentences refer to men or women? a) ___ value power, efficiency, and achievement. 'b)_ The issue of competence is very important to 0) __ value love, communication, beauty, and relationships. 4) experience fulfillment through sharing and relating. ©) __ feel satisfaction when they win a race, achieve a goal, or solve a problem. f) take pride in being considerate of the needs and feelings of others §) are always doing things to prove themselves and develop their power and skill.2 Find words or phrases in the sentences in 1 to match the definitions below a)_ the knowledge and abilities that enable you to do something well, which can often be learned b) something that someone has succeeded in doing, especially after a lot of effort ©) the general ability to do something well or efficiently ) the quality of being able to do a task successfully without wasting time or effort ©) the pleasure you feel when you have done something well ) the feeling you have when a hope, dream, or ambition has been realized 2) thoughtful toward other people h)_ to think that something is important and to appreciate it 3. Createa chart and complete it with the verb, noun, adjective, and adverb forms for your answers to 2 where appropriate For example: noun verb adjective adverb 4 Complete these sentences using words from 3. a) Lalways tty to take other people's points of view into ___ before making a decision. b) [find helping others very ©) Honesty is the thing I___ most in a friend. 4) Talways feol rally __ when I manage to make a deadline. ©) Graduating has been my greatest so far. f) Lreally admire people who are very and! always manage to do everything on time, 8) My job is the one thing that gives me real___ h) Using a computer is probably one of the most important __ I've learned in my present job. i) Feeling __ about doing my job gives me confidence. (Oy das LSE 5 Do you agree with the sentences in 4? Ifnot, change them so they are true for you. 6 Work with a partner and compare answers enty EERE10 Phrasal verbs with objects Close-up 1 E803 Listen to Martha and Liz discussing the book Men A\ From Venus and answer the following questions: 2) Have they both read the whole book? b) What do they think of it? ¢) Which passages from the book do they discuss? 2) Work with a partner Look at the statements helow. Are they tne or false according to the conversation you've just heard? read the book; they've dy and a) Neither of them he only had a chance to look at it very b) Both think the Mars/Venus metaphor is a good way fo commumicate the idea of the difference between the sexes ©). The book claims that men prefer fo find solutions to their problems by talking to d) The book suggests that men tend fo re their problems. ©) The book su; their feelings f) The book suggests that women do not like f0 discuss their problems. sts that women tend not to 8) The book suggests that men’s refusal to talk about their problems tends fo depress women h)_ The main solution the author is able to propo is to learn to understand and to tolerate our differences. 3-_Listen again and check your answers, 4 Look at the sentences in 2 again. Match the phrases in italics to the phrasal verbs below 1 to figure out 4 toflip through 7 to talk over to bottle up 5 tothink through 8 _ to get across. 3 toputupwith 6 toget down 9 tocome up with 5 Work with a partner, Look at the three types of phrasal verbs that are followed by objects shown below and answer the questions. Type 1 Two of the sentences below are not correct: Which are they? 1a) She flipped the book through. ¢) She flipped it through. b). She flipped through the book. d)_ She flipped through it Type2 One of the sentences below is not correct. Which is it? a) The metaphor gets the idea across well. ¢) The metaphor gets it across well b) The metaphor gets across the idea well.) The metaphor gets across it well Type 3 What is the correct word order for these sentences? a) differences we others’ put should each with to learn up. b) author with what up solution did the come? 6 Answer these questions: a) What are the rules for word order in types 1 and 22 b) Are type 3 verbs similar to type 1 or type 2? 7 Look at the other phrasal verbs in 4. Are they type 1, 2, or 3?8 Complete each sentence below with a phrasal verb from 4. Put the object (in parentheses) in the right position. a) [try not to___; it's always much better to talk about them with a friend. (my foolings) b) hate asking people for help. I'd much rather _by myself. (my problems) ©) [don't often buy a newspaper, but sometimes I at the coffee shop. (one) d)_ ['mnota very confident speaker. Sometimes I’m not sure |__very effectively (my ideas) ©) My motto is “If you can't change it, then you'll just have to_.” (it) 1) [havea tendency to be too impulsive and don’t enough. (things) g) hate arguments; I'd much rather __quietly and calmly. (things) bh) My sister's a really happy, positive person; nothing ever her) 1 can't stand him 9 Are the sentences in 8 true for you? If not, change them so that they are true. Compare but really tie answers with a partner dressing finn np My Girl 1 Work with a partner, Make a list of five common complaints girlfriends and boyfriends make about each other. Do the complaints differ according to their sex? 2 You're going to listen to a song about an argument between a couple. Look at these expressions from the song, What do you think the problem between them is? had enough on my own why can’t explain ‘we argued just the other night on the telephone see the film tonight lovely tome don’t care doesn’t understand talked itover mad at me Madnessio. ba 3. EG¥ 04 Listen to the song and put the expressions in the The grouphad many t,t order you hear them. House of Fun, Bagay Towser 24 fe Must Be Love 4 Were your predictions correct? What is the boy complaining about? What is the gir] upset about? 1"5 Work with a partner: Role-play the telephone conversation, Student A: Look at page 133. Student B: Look at page 135. 6 EEHOS Listen to the conversation. Was it very diferent from yours? 7 Work with your partner. Here are some lines from the telephone conversation. Do you remember who said each line, the boy or the gil? a) _...pretty stressed out, had a hard day at work, you know, the ustal b) So, what about the movie? ©) sudo you mind if we go another night? d) What's wrong? &) just don’t feel like it tonight ) Have I done something wrong? 8) But not tonight, right? The football game's more interesting h) Should I come and pick you up? i) Let's just deop it i) Whatever. Suit yourselé. 8 Listen again and check your answers 9 What do you think the boy should do now? Getting angry 1 Work with a partner. Look at these lines from the telephone conversation and discuss the questions that follow. A But not tonight, right? The football game's more interesting, I guess. B No, forget it! I wouldn't want you to go out of your way or anything! a) Does the girl mean what she says? b) How does she convey her anger? 2 E53 06 Listen to the lines spoken, first in a normal tone and then angrily: What is the difference? 3° Look at tapescript 05 on page M4. Find other phrases where the girl uses an angry tone of voice. Work with a partner and read the conversation aloud. | Language Reference: Phrasal verbs with objects There are three basic types of phrasal verbs that are If the object is a pronoun, only the first order is Used with an object. possible: verb + object pronoun + particle rm trying to figure it out. Type 1: not separable 1'm trying to figure out it. x verb + particle + object They flipped through the newspaper. The research group looked into it pretty thoroughly. Type Its better to use the second order if the noun phrase is particularly long He bottled up all his negative feelings against his ‘mother-in-law until he couldn't stand it any longer eparable de eaes ah Note: Distinguishing between type 1 and type 2 isn't | We picked the rest of the group up at the corner, _-€289, But a good dictionary will tell you which pattern | Hel be bringing the ive up atthe next meeting, any verb follows. | 2. verb + particle + object Type 3: two particles |" We brought up the subject of Harry's birthday verb + particle + particle + object In this type of phrasal verb, the particles are not separable, Thad to come up with 2 solution quickly. I've always looked up to my father. party. John and Linda broke off their engagement.Mistaken Identity 1 Work with a partner. Read this passage and decide whether each statement that follows s true, false or unknown. a) The car was driven ani he parking lot ») The young man parked the car ©) Aman demanded the car keys d) The driver handed over the keys &) The car was stolen. ) The police were called shortly after the incident. ) A policewoman arrived. h) Three people are involved in the story 2 Check your answers on page 13: 3 The text is not describing a car robbery. What do you think the situation might be? Work with your partner and think of a story that makes sense with all the facts given in the passage. 4 Tell your story to the class. Whose story was the most original? 5 Work with a partner. Look at the three pictures below. What do you think is happening 6 Turn to page 132 and read about the three situations, Were you right? 7 Have you ever interpreted a situation incorrectly or jumped to the wrong conclusions Discuss your answer with a partner14 Taste 2 3 4 F 1 pur people were asked, “If you were a food, what food would you b do you think gave each of the answers below? Why? a) “Baked beans, because they're full of protein and good for you.” b) “A cauliflower, because it’s flowery and intricate.” ©) “Abar of dark chocolate, because it’s smooth and velvety like me! d)_ “Nuts, because they're hard but worth opening for what's inside Check yenir answers an page 132 If you were a food, what would you be? Why? Discuss your answer with a partner: Were there any foods you particularly loved or hated as a child? Do you still love/hate them? ‘ood Associations What kind of food or drink would you associate with each of the following situations? Way? a) being in love ) summer b) waiting atan airport e)_the end of a hard day ©) rainy days f) your grandmother’s house Work with a partner and discuss your answers, Are your partner’s associations very different from yours? Listen to six people giving their answers to 1. Answer these questions for each a) Which situation are they talking about? bb) What food d» they associate with that situation?Describing nouns Language Reference p16 Close-up 1 How were the foods described by the speakers? Complete the now piirases. a) b__coffoo ap—e b) abig bowl of f__saladw__h__d ©) huge slices of r__ beef s_w 4) theb__gravyy het <__c__-¢__ cookies d__i_m__ f) s__r__strawberries w__f_whipped «__ 8g) some kind of m___convenience food t__i__e__t_m__ 2. ston again and check your answers. 3 Work with a partner. Look at the descriptions below. They are all noun phrases with the same subject. What is it? bitter vending-machine coffee in a plastic cup 2. the espresso coffee that you can get in the coffee shop around the corner 3. acup of strong, black coffee with two or three spoonfuls of sug fresh-brewed coffee percolated slowly 5 hot coffee with milk steaming in a mug, 6 some iced coffee in a tall glass a) Which description best describes the last cup of coffee you drank? b) How many different adjectives are used to describe coffe? ©) Find a noun that is used to modify coffe d) Which descriptions follow the pattern cvjfee + preposition + noun phrase? e) Which descriptions contain a determiner to modify coffee? f) Which descriptions include relative clauses? Which Which words have been omitted? lative clauses are incomplete? 4. Find an example of each ofthese structures in the noun phrases in 1 a) nouns that modify other nouns b) preposition + noun phr ©) adjectives f) determiners complete relative clauses © €) incomplete relative clauses Which structures go before the noun? Which structures go after it? 5 Complete these descriptions with the words and phrases provided, a) fruit mouthwatering / caramelized / a selection of b) red cake chocolate / a / seven-layer / tempting ° apple pie just like your nother used to make / a helping of / homemade / delicious a) fish a white wine sauce / fresh / served in / a dish of / tasty °) tortilla __ apie) Fated with / oi iied | Walicona / exqulste on 6 Compare your answers with a partner, Which would you most like to eat?Order of 1 Work with a partner, Look atthe adjectives in the box and an follow. ver the questions that mouthwatering caramelized spicy delicious exquisite homemade | tasty fabulous — tempting | a) Which adjectives express an opinion? b)_ Which express a fact? ©) Look at the order of the adjectives in 5 on page 15. Do the “opinion” or the “fact” adjectives come first? 2 What is your favorite dish? Write a complex noun phrase describing it. Read it, in the wrong order, to your partner Ask your partner to read it back in the right order. A Game Round one, 11 Look at this simple sentence. Identify the two noun phrases. The girl was eating an apple 2 Work in teams. Each team takes turns expanding the sentence by adding more information to the noun phrases. Each team gets a point for each cortect modification. The game ends when no futher modifications can be made or the sentence isin danger of becoming unintelligible. Round two Here is another sentence. Continue to work in teams, Expand the sentence as much as possible in three minutes, The team with the longest and most coherent sentence wins. The student asked a question, Language Reference: Describing nouns The noun phrase Descri Noun phrases can include The description after the noun can be either + nouns: coffee + a prepositional phrase (preposition + noun phrase): + determiners (e.g., a cup of, some, three, this! a cup of the restaurant around the comer coffee + arelative clause: # adjectivest: a cup of black coffee the restaurant that your cousin recommended + descriptive details: a cup of black coffee with sugar + a past participle clause: the restaurant recommended by the dining guide + or2 present participle clause: the restaurant advertising for staff *in English, many nouns can function as adjectives a fish restaurant apple pie Nouns and adjectives usually ome before the nouns they iH describe, Longer phrases giving more descriptive detail usually Order of adjectives g0 after the noun, Adjectives expressing an opinion usualy come before adjectives (or nouns) that express a fact. that wonderful new restaurant that awful fastfood placeExpressing enthusiasm. and reservations A Taste for Travel 1 £308 Listen to Anne, Kim, Bill, and Steve talking about their eating experiences abroad, Did they like the food in the countries they visited? 2-_Listen again and list the food vocabulary you hear each person use 3 Compare your list with a partner. Which countries do you think they are talking about? Check your answers on page 137. 4 Work with a partner and discuss these questions: a) Have you ever eaten food from these countries? b) IF you have, do you agree with the speakers’ opinions? If you haven’t, would you like to try it? Why/Why not? 1 Look at these excerpts from the recor sper 18: Which words do the ers stress to express their enthusiasm or reservations? a) Mmm, it’s delicious, really hot and spicy b). Well, it took some getting used to. ©) Well, to tell you the truth, [dlidn’t really like it that much ) ..-and, mmm, I don't really like cabbage that much ©) no, it isn't really my favorite f)Itisn’t particularly elaborate, but it's good. 2 E5309 Listen and check your answers, 3 Work with a partner. Look at the two short exchanges below. Use the underlined expressions in 1 and add your own ideas to make the conversations sound a) more enthusiastic b) less enthusiastic A: So how was the trip? A: So how was the food last B: Interesting, B: Unusual 4 Ask your partner about a) the last time he/she ate out. the last movie he/she savw ©) his/her last English class. Did he/she enjoy it? Tas WThe Demise of a Great Little Restaurant 11 Read the introduction to this restaurant review and answer the questions. a) When did the writer first visit the restaurant? b)_ How is it different from other restaurants? List as many unusual things about it as you can, ©) Why do you think the writer liked it so much? a fist reviewed Le Palmier ten years ago tthe time [wrote tat it was one ofthe rast unusual and enjoyable selood restaurants had eer visited — net Feast becawse of its location on Croix St. Miche, a tiny ila jut off the coast rear St. Laure then twas run by @ marie couple, Marianne and Dider He was the cook and fisheman, while she Bak lended the vegetable gardens and ran the restaurant Thee was ony oe wale, tel son Alex, he stand was bya small aunch with ‘oom for no more tan tv passenges, You could rake eservatons. Ye simply showed up a the Fay in St Laut and waited, Eventually Marian would come along in the launch and pick you up ymatimes you had to wait or an hour or mor. To, faughier, Domriqué, tad setup a tiny bar on he jet relly just 2 kosk wih a coupe of ables wher make the wait more enjoyable, ther ld have a nthe island) and enjoy he soorery The trip tothe island took ton minutes. As the of wile wine (rom wi Would you like to eat there? coast receded, Marianne would el you wtat was onthe days menu and what was going on in the village, She alays seen paras, very magna. ‘ery wal informed. 0 Le Palnier was in the only building on the isk: three-story house looking ove the wale to the mainland. Qn the ypger Hoots live the tami Ther rooms tad baleonies led with glorious etaniums. and bougainvllaea. The restauran ed the ground fos, opening cut onto a sea side trae. A sped canopy provided shel fom ihe sun, There were only four tabes, covered wih a crisp, wha nan tablecloth and Provided with a basket of wondeul homemade bread. The menu ws, frankly med, but while choice were rarely any complaints tout price, which was absurdly low, or about Basia, you ala whalver Dida caugh in the waters ofthe bay that morning, On my frst Visi | had squid fort vas rested, the it mein mye, It was 2. Compare your answers with a partner. the restaurant gardens tothe sound Didir was singing inthe Kichen. Fi nse pained wie, This summer, my wil and I went o St av vin soe 3) When the writer went back ten years later, the restaurant had undergone a lot of changes. Work with a partner, Before you read the rest of the review, discuss these questions: What changes do you think had taken place? Why do you think these changes took place? 4 Work with a partner and read the rest of the review. Student A: Look at page 137, Student B: Look at page 139. 5 Discuss these questions with your partner: a) Would you prefer to eat at Le Palmier as it was or as it is now? Why? b)_ What was the writer's attitude toward the changes? ©) Were any of the changes, in your opinion, for the better? d)_ Do you know of anywhere that has undergone similar changes? 18 TasteVocabulary Past tenses Work with a partner who read the same text as you and follow the instructions below, 1. Prepare to teach four of these words from your part of the review to a student who read the other part Student A theving exquisite blared out pricey clientele sped off | Student B comente thrst homey baer entepreneur rovers | 4) Read the text again and find the words. b) Discuss their meanings with your partner. Think about the best way to explain them. 2 Work with a different partner and teach him/her the words. 3 Ask your partner to write sentences containing the new words. 4. Check that the words have been used correctly in the sentences, Test Yourself 1 Look at this excerpt taken from the restaurant review. Choose the more appropriate form, of each verb, ‘asia, you (1) ate / were eating water Dice (2) was catching / ad caught i the wees of the bay tat ‘morning. On my frst visit | (3) ad / was having sui forthe ist ime in my lite It (2) barbecued / was ‘barbecued with rad peppers ad (5) served / hal heen served wih eh sla rom the restaurant gardens to ‘he sound ot La Tai: Dicr (6) was singing / sang inthe kien, (Inoductio, ies 40-45) | 2. Complete these excerpts with the correct form of each verb in parentheses Thebr cleat (1)____ (ae) fo more than he restaurant cline, but the aumie of people who (2) 00) ‘xpectanly out across the water (3) _ (worry) me slighty. Eventually our rames (4) (cal, along wih around twenty ote. (Tet A, oane 137 lines 21-25) 1(1)____ asthe waitr wat 2) _ become) of ii and Marianne. They (2)___ (tir) about five years sere and (4) (el he business to an envepreneur fom te capital. Ory Cominique (6) (ema. Se (6)___ (mary) oa boy and (7) _ (manage the baron he ety. Test, pane 138, ines 20-24) 3° Check your answers with the review. Discuss with a partner any differences you find 4 Choose one of the openings below and think about something that has happened to you recently. a) Thad just gotten in when, b) Iwas walking down the road when ©) Twas in my car. ) Te was three o'clock in the morning, e) You'll never believe who I saw the other day. 1) I just been. 5) Tell your partner about it nse EE 19Reverse word order Language Reference p. 20, Anecdote Close-up Fi Food for Thought 1 2 ‘The sentences below have been taken from the restaurant review: Put the words in th correct order without looking back, a) floors family the lived upper on the. (Introduction, line 28) b) chat to gone Marianne was with opportunity the. (Text A, lin ©) ran between tables waiters the. (Text B, lines 3-4) Check your sentences with the rev ww and answer these questions: a) Are they difterent? b) Why is the word order in the review different from usual? Complete these sentences about a place you remember from your past a) Gone is the b) Many were the. Work with a partner. Compare your sentence place. and explain the changes that have taken Language Reference: Reverse word order Reverse word order is when a sentence begins with something other than the subject. We use it to create dramatic effect Regular word order Reverse word order The family lived on the upper floors. > On the upper floors lived the family. The days when we could sit back and - Gone are the days when we could sit do nothing are gone. back and do nothing, The rain came down. > Down came the rain, Reverse word order is usually used in writing. itis net commonly used in everyday speech You are going to tell your partner about one of your favorite restaurants, Decide which restaurant you are going to describe. Think back to the last time you ate there. Look at the questions below and think about what you're going to say and the language you will need, Where is the restaurant? What kind of restaurant is it? When did you last go there? Who did you go with? Was ita special occasion? What did you eat? How often do you go there? Do you always go with the same people? Do you always eat the same thing there? What do you like most about the restaurant? Who first introduced you to it? When do you think you'll go back next? Would you recommend it to your partner? Is there anything else you'd like to add? Tell your partner about the restaurant, Taste3. Answer these questions: 4) Which of the following did your partner talk about? + the food © the service © the decor + the atmosphere * the company b) Which was the most important to your pariner? ©) Which is the most important to you? 11 Write a review of your favorite restaurant for a local Hmm, i all so tempting English-language newspaper. Before you slarl, lovk Chicken corton bleu, filet mignon, at the questions below and think about what you are perkaps the duck i Vorange going to write and the language you will need. Oh, zat the heck, 1H have the fish! a) Think about what kind of person the restaurant would appeal to and how best to attract this kind of person. b) Decide what information you are going to include. Look at the list below: + the address and phone number the opening times some information about the people who run the place the menu some typical dishes a description of a particular dish a description of the decor a description of the atmosphere a personal recommendation (a dish; a good time or day to go) some information about the history of the place (how long it’s been open; the history of the building) + anything else you’d like to.add 2-_Decicle what order to present the information in, 3 Write your review of about 200 words. Taste Combinations 1 How many words can you form from the root word taste? 2 Complete these sentences with your answers to 1 | be i MS ie has developed for expensive champagne, Katherine lias marvelous in clothes The new cafe is very lively, with very food and a good selection of desserts We found a charming tite hotel with furnished bedrooms and lots of facilities. She wore a silk ress in 2 shade of pink. For years he worked es a tea in China. The beauty of wine-__ ig that you learn to appreciate different flavors This milk __ as though it’s gone bad You can't beat the __ of fresh raspberries, straight from the garden, you have a__for fine food, you'll certainly appreciate this new restaurant. It would probably a lot better it it didn’t have so much salt init The city has something for all, from an impressive museum to a windsueting lake. ‘The joke was in very poor ant a fot of peaple were offended, ee 23. The word taste has two basic meanings. What are they? 4 Which of the two meanings do these words and expressions have? a) to taste b)_ tobe tasty ©) tobe tasteful d)_ to have poor taste ©) a taste of 5 Complete these sentences with prepositions a) He has developed a taste __ French films. b) They have incredibly poor taste clothes. 6 Which sentence in 5 talks about choice? Which refers to interest? 7 Choose the correct preposition in each of these expressions: a) peculiar taste in/for books b) a taste in/for exotic travel ©) a taste in/for dangerous sports ) excellent taste in/for shoes ©) very good taste in/for musi 8 Think of people you know who have these tastes. Tella partner about them A Question of Taste 1 Work with a partner. Write a short definition of good taste. Use no more than twenty words. 2. Share your definition with the rest ofthe class. Which one do you like the best? 3 E810 Listen to Sarah, David, and Angela discussing good taste, Take notes about what they each think good taste is 4 Compare your notes with a partner. Were your ideas similar to the speakers’? 5 What other quality did they mention? What did the speakers understand this quality «o 6 Listen again and check your answers. Do you agree with their definitions of this quality? Agreeing and 1 Look at these excerpts from the discussion. Words are missing from each excerpt. The disagreeing missing expressions are used to express agreement or disagreement, Decide which type of expression is missing in each blank, 18), Sarah; cart believe he bought her plastic Rowers for her birthday. | mean, that i 3 tacky. That is such bad taste ‘Angela: (|). Ws the thought that counts, David: (2)! Plastic flowers don't count! 1b) Sarah: Yes, mean taste i a very personal thing Angela: Right. Beauty isin the eye ofthe beholder and that kind of thing, Sarah: @)__. Everyone's diferent sa | guess. ©) Angela: wearing a big gold medalion or something David: (4) __! Things lke that are aul aren't they? Angela: Socks! David sandals and white socks wit black shoes, defritey Sarah 5) __:some people Ike them.4) Sara David Angela: Sarah Angela: Davis Sarah fe) Angela: Sarah David ‘Angel: Intonation Its knowing whats aporo (©. Its aso about being able to jucge the qualty of things Good quality sts usualy tasteful, Ard yes, Sarah, youre right —its about choosing the sight thing atthe right time. too. That reminds me of Rebecca the other day at joann's wecling, Talk about the wrong clathes atthe wrang tine! ‘What. wearing that blue dress thing? Yeah, i was obviously expensive, but talk about bad taste () _.. She looked completely out of place ‘Well (@) __. But Rebecca you know Febecca has class But class is about knowing how to behave, not how to dress, () not these days. Class means being yourself and not caring what other people think Sure, but I think theres more to it than that I think its that you knows how to behave in every circumstance, Ao ‘matter how difcut the situation might be, and how to deal wth it. Tha’ lass (10) __. The feeling that you can take everything in se 2 EGS 11 Listen and write down the expressions actually used. 3) What other expressions for agreeing and disagreeing do you know? Do you use similar expressions in your own language? 11 EB 12 Listen to the six times a speaker uses yes or no in the discussion. Decide whether the speaker a) is uncertain about what is being said. 'b) isin total agreement with what is being saie. ©) totally disagrees with what is being said 2. How does the intonation change according to the meaning the speaker wants to convey? 3 EGE 13 Work witha partner. Listen to six sentences and respond with yes or no so that your partner can tell if you agree, disagree, or are uncertain. In Good Taste? 1. Look at this list of actions and decide which of the following you consider: a) completely unacceptable b)_ acceptable in certain circumstances ©) totally acceptable at all times * chewing gum + leaving your cell phone on when you're ina restaurant + kissing in public * putting your hands in your pockets + swearing + losing your temper in public ‘+ asking people how much something they are wearing cost + eating in the street 2. Compare your views with a partner and answer these questions: a) Would your parents have given the same answers? b) Are your answers influenced more by what your parents taught you, what you were taught in school, or what you have experienced in life?City 1 How much do you know about cities around the world? Take this quiz and find out What proportion ofthe worlé's popula a) Over 80 ) About a hed 1 About we this) About al 2) Tok ) Mosio Gy ) Seat 4) New Det What city has the most automobile aii United States? 9s Angeles ) New York What is he worl’ olaest capital cy a) Baghdad ) Cairo ) Damascus) Amman a) La Paz (Bolivia) ©) Quito (Eeusdor) 1) Lima (Peru) ) Kathmand (Nel Nhat was the fist city to reach a popula milion? 2 Listen and check your answers. a acres ta case 1) New York” 6) Rome Close-up Hedging 1. Look at these excerpts from the radio program and complete the sentences. ay tt thar there is a steady movement toward urban areas b) there is still some ___as to what the world’s largest capital is. © vnitis _ that Los Angeles isthe U.S. city that suffers from the worst traffic condlitions. d) It's __ whether this information is based on popular opinion or on statistical data, however. ©) Sources __ to suggest that the Syrians are right Tg nage Reference p25 ) Theres about which of the world’s capital cities is the highest 2 E315 Listen and check your answers. 3. Work with a partner. Which of the statements in 1 does the speaker believe is based on a) very strong evidence? ©) weak evidence? b) fairly strong evidence? _—_d)__ unreliable evidence? 24 city4 Use the expressions in 1 to write sentences about the following data, 5 Which group(s) would you have fallen into? Compare your answer with a partner, 6 Look at these four newspaper headlines. What do you think the story is behind each one? Discuss your ideas with a partner. LIFE HEALTHIER AT HALF SOCCER CAUSES = | SEDENTARY AMILE ABOVE SEA LEVEL SOCIAL UNREST = AFESTYLE, seca aed - ~) CHANGING SHAPEOF | MANY YOUNG PEOPLE WOULD PREFER TO LIV! OUR BODIES 7 EB 16 Listen to two people discussing one of the stories. Which story are they talking about? Were your ideas about the story right? 8 Listen again and take notes about the facts of the story. 9 Work with a partner. Write the story as you think it would have appeared in the “News in Brief” section of the newspaper, Compare your story to the version on page 133, Language Reference: Hedging Sumretines we do not want to state a fact too «categorically if we are not sure that we can prove that it is true. We can use a range of expressions to distance ‘ourselves from facts and opinions. This is called hedging. Hedging with verbs |_We can use appeor and seem (that to create a distance between ourselves and vat we say ‘seems that the president may soon resign. I appears thatthe news report are tue The weather appears to be changing The outcome seems to be inevitable. To add further distance, we can use the modal would Ie would appear that you have already made up your minds, They would appear to be hostile. ‘would seem thot you are wrong. | I would seem that you ae avoiding me Hedging with the passive voice We can use passive forms of the verb to show that an opinion is not necessarily our own. Its widely recognized that the future of advertising is on the Net. Its believed that there are no survivors It is not known whether he will accept the offer. Hedging with noun phrases We can use the following noun phrases to hedge around a subject. There is little doubt that she took her own life, There is some doubt that the country can control its inflation. There is no doubt that he knows what he's doing, | There is little evidence of your ability to manage change.‘There is litle point in portraying it as something it snot. Its beauty is nat as awe-inspiring as other cities. It is not even particularly old, and much of what may have + constituted its historical legacy has over the ‘centuries been all oo quickly sacrificed to make way for the new. Itis a largely madern city, a product of the 19th and 20th centuries, and the expanses of its outer 1» dormitory suburbs and peripheral high-rise apartment jungles are an oppressive introduction for anyone driving into the city for the first time, It may lack the historical richness and 1s sophistication of other European capitals, but itoozes a lite and character that, given th ‘opportunity to work its magic (it doesn't take long), cannot leave you indifferent. Leaving aside the great art museums, the splendor of 2 the main square and the Rayal Palace, and the elegance of the city park, the essence of this city isin the life pulsing throu streets. In no other European capital will you find the city center so thronged so late into 2s the night as here, especially if you go out on weekends. Everyone seems to stay out late, as though some unvrittn law forbade sleeping before dawn. In this sense, its @ tity more to be lived than seen. @ This is a cosmopolitan mixture of tho Third and First worlds, of chauffeurs and beggars, of the establishment, the avowedly working class and the avant-garde. Unlike = » comparable European cities, much of it Looks Unplanned and grubby. but that is part of its appeal. Visiting the city is ike being let loose (on a giant-sized Monopoly board clogged \with traffic. Even though you probably won't sohave a clue where you are, atleast the names will look reassuringly familiar. The city is so enormous that visitors wil need to ‘make maximum use of the underground train system: unfortunately, this dislocates 1s the city’ geography and makes it hard to get your bearings. @ Where in the World? 1 Work with a partner. Discuss the following questions: a) Whatis the capital of your country famous for? Does it attract a lot of visitors? b) Which capital city would you most like to spend a weekend in? ©) Do you live in a city, in the suburbs, or out in the country? Have you always lived there? Do you like it? Why /Why not? 2 The following excerpts from travel guides describe five of the world’s most famous cities. Work in small groups. Read the descriptions and decide what city is being slescribel in eath tex By its mere existence, the city isan ‘oxymoron, where old and new, night and day, land and sea coexist and make ital seem perfectly natural. Its a contrast of s sight and sound, yet the distinct, diverse elements blend together in harmony. The city has one of the most beautiful ports in the world, and its beaches entice tourists {rom around the ward. Yet, wile the +» coastline is a main attraction af the city, the 33,000-square-yard. meadow-lined leisure area—the site where Dom Pedro was proclaimed the country’ fist ‘emperor—draws people inland. While a vs visitor might even see an agouti (a harmless, tied rodent) ora coat (a small, Facoon-like mammal) reaming free in the park, blending in unobtrusively as if they have just as much a right to enjoy the ‘9 tourst-focused region as humans do, towering mountains surround the endless, smooth white beaches and lively city The sheer level of energy is the most striking aspect of this capital city. Its true that the larger picture can be somewhat depressing —svebux s housing developments and office blocks traversed by overhead expressways crowded with trafic, But this i the country’s success story in action. The average suburb» 1w hasn't fallen prey to supermarket culture though: streets ar lined with tiny specialty shops and busting restaurants, most of which stay open late into the night. Close to the +5 Soaring office blocks exist pockets of another time—an old wooden house, a kimono shop, a small inn, an old fady in traditional dress ‘sweeping the pavement outside her 2 home witha straw broom. More than anything else, tis is a place where the urgent rhythms of consumer culture colde withthe quieter ‘moments that inger from older 2s traditions. I's a living city, and you'll, ever run out of things to explore, @ ‘Tum to page 132 if you need help. streets. By day, the cy bustles with tourists savoring cultue—museum 2 concer halls, church, theaters, the financial center, and naiure—beach sauares, and parks. Yet at night th metropolis doesnt sep. There are theaters, dance has, nights, vo se famous discas—some classy, some tacky —and the activity continues \wee hours. Transportation too an example of visparate components combining to work together a com +s seemingly haphazard system of buses, taxi, a subway and ast forms a functional, practal transit network for those who choose to fo transportation by foot or even bi 4 however you choose to get around t city, be sue to tke nas muchas, can of this intense fusion ofthe mod and the traditional that appeals to all tastes inthe 21st century. @ They don't come any bigger that this—king of the hil, top of the heap. No other city is arrogant enough to dub rset Capital oF 5 World, and no other city could ¢ itof. itis a densely packed mas humanity —seven milion people 309 sq. miles (800 sq, km)—a ‘his living on top of one anther: +o makes the inhabitants a special of person, Although it's hard top finger on what makes it buzz, its city’s hyperactive rush that really draws people here ‘5 Inacity that is so much a pa the global subconscious, i's pr hard to pick a few highlights— ‘wherever you go you'l feel like you've been there before. B 2 food, theater, shopping, peopl: doesn't really matter what you do where you go, because the city 's an in-yourace, exhilarating experience. @Vocabulary 1 Look at the excerpts again and underline the information that helped you decide what city was being described. Work with a partner and discuss these questions: a) Which description appeals to you most? Why? Choose two or three phrases that you find evocative. b) Have you been to any of these cities? Do the excerpts reflect your experiences? ©) Do the excerpts make you want to visit any of these cities? Match the definitions (a-h) to the adjectives (1-8) on the right, Then decide which of the adjectives you would use to describe the noun phrases in the box below a) very dirty 1 awe-inspiring b) full of people who are very busy or lively (especially a place) 2 haphazard ©) not organized; not arranged according to a plan 3 tacky d)_ very tall or high in the sky (especially buildings or trees) 4 grubby ) so loud, big, or noticeable that you just can’t ignore it 5 clogged f) cheap and poorly made or vulgar 6 bustling 8) giving a feeling of respect and amazement soaring 1h) blocked so that nothing can pass through (especially a place) in-your-face plastic souvenirs treetops arteries beauty advertising campaigns children’s hands unplanned method of work supermarkets old sneakers skyscrapers waterways scenery action movies vacation postcards beach resorts collection of people Find the adjectives in the excerpts. What are they describing? Work with a partner. Look at the verbs below. Without looking back at the excerpts, match each one with an appropriate phrase from the list on the right, a} (excerpt 1, line 7) to make a finger on (something) bb) (excerpt I, line 17) towork prey to (something) ©) (excerpt 3,line 15) toget_ on top of one another ) (excerpt 4 line 10) tofall its magie ©) (excerpt line9)—tolive your bearings 8) (excerpt 5,line 11) toput way for the new Check your answers with the excerpts and make sure you understand the meanings f the phrases. Use a dictionary if necessary Complete these sentences, using the phrases in 3. Make any changes to the phrases that are necessary. 4) No matter how stressed you feel, once you let the beauty of the beach and the warmth of the sun __ on you, you will begin to wind down and relax. b)_ The old town is built on the edge of a cliff overlooking the gorge, using up every bit of spare space. Some houses are even built into the cliff face, and people —__ ina warren of narrow cobbled streets, ©) The medieval clock tower offers a landmark that is visible wherever you are in the town, making it very easy d) Itis difficult __ exactly what makes this gray, industrial town such a popular tourist destination, ©) It’s very easy ____ the charm of the market; stall holders and people often end up spending much more than they'd expected to, 8) Far too often, historic town centers are carved up and charming old buildings torn down Can any of the words and phrases in 1 and 3 be used to describe your hometown or a place you know well? Discuss your thoughts with a partner,28 Negative and limiting adverbials (Giess meatea pas) Writing Close-up 1 Work with a partner, Look at the adverbial phrases in the box and decide which of them have negative or limiting meanings, under no circun stances quite often only aftera long night never | not until he'd finished seldom at once frequently only then usually only aftera long wait nota word rarely even in the summer on no account 2 Look at these sentences and answer the questions that follow. | 1A. In no other European capital wil night 1B You won't find the city center so thronged so late into the night in any other Europea capital, 2A. Not until I actually toed there did T understand just how great the lifestyle is. 2B didn’t understand just how great the lifestyle is until actually ive there you find the cit center so thronged so late into the 2) Which sentence appears in the excerpt about Madrid on page 26? b) Look at the adverbial phrases in the sentences, Which is the more common position for the adverbial? Why has the adverbial phrase been moved in the A sentences? © Would the A sentences or the B sentences be more likely to be spoken? d)_ What happens to the word order when the adverbial phrase is placed at the beginning of the sentence? 3 Rewrite each sentence below, starting with the word or words given. For example ‘You will rarely see such a superb example of modern architecture Rarely will you see such a superb example of modern architecture. 4) Lrarely visit a city more than once, but this place is really special Rarely 7 b) Thad never seen anything so breathtakingly beautiful before. Never before 9) You should not go out alone at night under any circumstances. Under no circumstances 4) You will be able to see and feel the heart of this beautiful old town only by wandering down its narrow side streets. Only. ©) You will begin to understand the special charm of this place only after you have spent an evening there. i Only after you 6 You can’t really understand exactly how beautiful the view is until you climb to the top. Not until 4 Think of a town, city oF village to fit each sentence. 1 ‘You are going to write a short description of a famous town or city in your country. a) Choose the town or city you are going to write about, b) Decide what kind of tourist or visitor you are writing for, (Young backpackers? Families? Culture vultures?) ©). Decide on three or four main points to include in your description 4) Write a short description (about 200 words) in the style of a travel guide. Inclucle at Jeast one inversion and three of the words and expressions from the vocabulary ‘exercises on page 27. Do NOT include the name of the town or city 2 When you have finished writing, work in groups of three or four, Read your description to the group. Listen to the descriptions and try to guess which town or city each one is, describing. What information helped you get the answer? CityLanguage Reference: Negative and limiting adverbials Sometimes we can place a negative or limiting adverbial in ‘the front position in a sentence to create emphasis, This effect is most frequently found in waiting, Word order In this type of sentence, the subject + auxiliary word order is inverted have never seen anything quite so breathtaking. Never have Iseen anything quite so breathtoking, The same thing happens with the verb be. 1 i not anly ane of the oldest cities on Earth, but also one of the most beautiful Not only is it one of the oldest cities on Earth, but itis also cone of the most beautiful In the simple present and simple past, use do/does or did. We rarely visit that part of town. Rarely do we visit that part of town. Negative adverbials Not a+ noun Not a word did she say to anyone. Not until + verb phrase Not until got home did | realize how lucky I'd been Not until + noun phrase Not until the end did | realize how lucky I'd been. Anecdote 1 You are going to describe a Under no circumstances Under no circumstances are you to leave before you finish the on no account (On no account can they claim to be the best. | Never Never had | seen such a beoutiful sight No sooner... than 'No sooner had J arrived than the doorbell rang. Limiting adverbials Only + by + ing Only by bribing the police officer was he able to get away Only + conjunction + verb phrase Only if he promised to help would she tell him where he had left his keys ‘Only after they had finished their lunch were they allowed outside to play. ‘Only when I took the test did | realize how little | knew! Littie Little did they know that we were following them. Rarely/seldiom Rarely had I seen such a beautiful sight. Barely/hardly/scarcely....when Barely had | arrived when the doorbell rang. to a city that made an impression on you. Decide which city you are going to talk about and then look at the questions below, Decide which are relevant to the city you are going to talk about. Think about what you are going to say and what language you will use. ut three years struck me ws Its hard to describe Its ficult to put into city? When did you first visit the city? Have you visited it more than once? If so, when ‘was the last time you were there? What was your overall impression of the place? Is there any one particular image that sticks in your mind? Tlow would you describe the general atmosphere of the Why did you go there? On vacation? For work? To study? Was it your decision or did you go on a trip with friends or your family? words How long did you stay? Where did you stay? What were the people like? What was When you ative, the fist the weather like? thing you see i What did you do? The usual touristy things? The frst thing | noticed Did you sit and watch the world go by or dict was you walk for miles and miles? Would you like to go back? Have you made any plans to go back? Would you recommend. it toa friend? Is there anything else you'd like to mention? 2 Tell your partner about the city. Give as much detail as possible 3. Have you visited the city your partner described? This is John Trip from the tozon If yes, were your impressions the same? If not, planning department. would you like to visit it after hearing your He's here to demonstrate the partner's description? Why /Why not? proposals for the old fown.One Big Party 1. Have you heard of Times Sq 2 You're the answers on the oing to read b) What is it? ©) Andatother times? 3 1) What's it named 3 Read the article and uare? Where is it? Why is it well known? an article about Times Square. Match the questions on the left with 1 The building there that used to belong to a hu New York newspaper: 2 On New Year's Eve, for example, it’s a loud, brash sweaty mass of seething humanity (Ona typical day, of and entertainment districts in the nation Between Broadway, Seventh Avenue, and 42nd Street e of the most concentrated business answer these questions: a) What type of entertainment does Times Square offer? ) What type of people go to Times Square? ©) What (1), Times Squares ona ofthe busiest spots inthe largest cily of the United States. With s huge business distret, comprising 21 milion square feet of ofice space and about 2 milion more under constuction, Times Square is home to approximately 1,500 businesses and ‘organizations. Almost 26 milion tourists vst Times Square annual, with 39 milion overnight tas nthe 12.500 hotel roms inthe area each year and lions more vist tothe area's nearly 00 eateries, Tho huge variety of attractions in Times Square attracts ail ypes (2) ___—young people and old peopl, natives and tourists, commoners ané movi stars, The action in Times Square begins at davm, as tourists walt outside the setof morning news shows such as Good Morning America 110 cach a glimpse ot some of tei favorite celebrities (3) Throughout the cay, tourists vist stops, newsstands, bars, and restaurants. One of the main attractions, of course, is Broadvay, “The Great Write Way,” wth ck prices ranging from economical to exortitant—(4) —_ noney-saving tip does the writer mention? percent off the regular price for same-day pata Later, (9) _ the hustle and bustle continue as bats open their doors othe night Ie But the one day each year an which Times Square most visitors is December 31. (8) __, about a people congragate tare toring in the Nw Yes special celebration during whch the bilan New Yi ball, designed by Waterford Crystal. descends 10 new yer (7). his Timas Square ceremary universally renowned tradition that signals th ed year and th bagining ofthe net. Thare are so many attractions in Times Square ‘seeing that is @ good idea to check out the Times Visitors Center at 1560 Broadway, the ci’ mutt-serice tourist center, (8) Ahaugh tourism in Times Square ad the rst of City decreased tremendousiy attr Sepember 11 city is rebouncing due in great part tothe resiena Yorkers and the strong nallanal spit throug +» But wis tourists krow that TKTS sels kes for neary 60 =» county 4 Below are eight words appropriate spaces (1-8). a) from all over the world >) On New Year's Eve ©) and maybe even be on TY for a few seconds especially on Friday and Saturday nights nd! phrases that were in the original text, Insert them into the A) For about a century Every day h) into the hundreds of dollars ©) to make sure you get the most out of your trip 5 Work with a partner. Student A: Tum to page 133. St 6 Work in small groups and discuss the following a) What is the busiest place at night where you live? What do people do there ? Which places would you recommend? Are there theaters and restauran lent B; Turn to page | b) Do you like to go out for the evening? Where do you go? What do you do? When was the went and what you did. ast time you went out for the evening? Tell your group where youAdding ‘emphasis Discussion City Life 1 Wor Work with @ partner and discuss this question Is life in the city more dangerous than life in the country? Write a list of the main dangers of city life EX 17 Listen to two friends talking about the city they live in As you listen, answer the following questions: a) Do they think they live in a particularly dangerous city? b) How many dangers from your list do they mention? ©) Do they mention any other dangers? Compare your answers with a partner and discuss these questions: a) What precautions do they suggest you should take when walking home at night b)_ In what places do they suggest you should take special care with your bag, or wallet? Why? ©) There seems to have been an increase in crime recently. What sort of crime? 4d) Have the speakers been victims of crime themselves? What about their friends? ©) What exactly happened to the group of tourists? 1) What do they think the police could do to improve the situation? Listen again and check your answers, Which word from the box can be used to mean the following? a) extremely f) right at that moment b) now that you mention it g) tobe honest just ©) only h)_ very recently really a) very i) simply actually e) to tell you the truth j) totally Look at these short excerpts from the conversation. Complete each one with just, really, or actually. 1)... there are certain areas that you___ know you wouldn't go into. b) ...__,, there have been a couple of stories in the papers recently about this string of muggings that’s been going on ©) her wallet was snatched from her bag _ as the train was coming into the station d)_ You have to be __ careful there because there is a big crowd and a lot of pickpockets ©) You don’t___ know what's going on £) ...1 know that’s terrible thing to say, but it's __ money 8) ___ I think she thought they were going to stab her husband. h) -.-but the sad thing was that they had __ arrived i) She didn’t lose anything __ valuable j) think they __need to know if a crime has happened Listen and check your answers, Where does the stress fall? Write a paragraph using just, really, and actually at least once each. Show it to a partner so that he/she can figure out their meanings, Practice reading the paragraph with emphasis. in small groups. Discuss one of these sets of questions: Is your hometown a dangerous place to live in? Do you need to take precautions when you go out at night? Would you go out alone after ten o'clock? If you were a member of the opposite sex, do you think your answers would be the same? Do you take extra precautions when you travel? Why /Why not? Are cities more dangerous if you're a tourist? Why/Why not? Which of the following safe closed-circuit TV cameras in public places, security guards on public transportation, street lighting all night? What other measures can be taken to make our cities safer? measures are used in your town: police patrols at night,Vocabulary Reading An Urban Poem 1 1 Work with a partner. Look at the following words and phrases taken from the poem yo are about to read. Answer the questions that follow. amute amate tohugsomeone agut _ to joy-ride mucky to pinch something _ to boot something or someone afl Wick sumthing — lo flog sunvetlsinng a) There are two nouns that refer to people. Which one means « partner? Which one means a person woo cannot speak? b) One noun rofers to a part of the body: Which part? ©) Which two verbs mean to steal? 4d) Which verb means to kick violently? ©) Which verb describes a much more tender action? f) Which verb means fo sell? {g) Which verb means fo steal a car and dri it around just for fun? h). There are two adjectives. One is a British English word for stupid. The other means dlety. Which is which? Some of the words above are particularly informal. They have been included in the questions below in bold. Discuss your answers to the questions with a partner a) Have you ever had anything nicked from your car? b) Did you ever pinch toys or candy when you were a kid? ©) What would you do if you saw someone booting one of your mates? d) Have you ever flogged anything at a flea market? ) When was the last time you got really mucky? {Have you done anything daft lately? Work in small groups. Look at the poem below and answer the questions. a) The verses have been mixed up, Decide on an appropriate order. b) Do you think the character in It took some time, Reassombied in the yard, he did't look the same. J took a run ‘and booted him, Again, Again. My breath ripped the poem is male or female? in rags. It seems daft now Then I was standing Which lines in the poem ‘alone amongst lumps of snow, sich of the won support your argument? Boredom. Mostly 'm so bored I could eat myself One time, I stole a gitar and thought I might learn to play I nicked a bust of Shakespeare cna logged it, but the snowman was strangest You don't understand a word I'm sasing, do yon? Batter off dead than giving in, not taking what you want, He seeighed a ton; his torso, frozen stif. hugged fo my chest, a fierce chil ‘piercing my gut. Part of the thrill was knowing ‘hat children would cry in the morning Life's to The most unusual thing ever Midnight. He looked magnificent; a tal achitem beneath the winter moon. 1 wanted him, a mate swith a mind as cold asthe slice of ice within my own brain. I started with the head 2A snowman Sometimes 1 teat things I don't need. Lje-rie to nowhere, break into houses just to have a foo Tima mucky ghost, lave a mess, maybe pinch a T watch my gloved hand twisting the doorknok stranger's bedroom. Mirvors. I sigh like thisDiscussion 4 Work in small groups. Look at the painting and di E54 19 Listen to the poem being read and check these questions with your gi a) Do you like the poem? b) What do you think the title of the poem is ) How old do you think the character is? ipport Find lines in. your argumer Where do you think the character lives ©) Why does he/she steal? 1) Why does he/she steal a snowman? ) Why do people steal things they don’ need? Choose two phrases that you found particularly evocative. Explain why you chose them Lo thinking? How doe What are the three thi What do you d when you're bored? Do you ju at the woman in the painting, What do you think she’s wait ore you most? Was it the same when you wer hese questions: for? What put up with it or do you do omething 3334 Find someone in the class who: is the most talkative member of his/her family has spoken in front of a group of 50 people or more has a job that involves listening, knows the difference between whisper and whi has gossiped about someone today. can say I love you in at least four languages. has had a conversation in English outside the classroom recently, tle Conversation Piece 1 Work in small groups. Define the word conversation. Do not use more than 20 words. 2 When you have agreed on the wording, look at the two dictionary definitions on page 136 and discuss these questions: a) Which definition is more similar to your own?) Which do you prefer? 3 Without looking back at the dictionary definitions, answer the following, questions: )_ Is conversation countable, noncountable, or both? b) Where is the main stress in conversation? ©) What's the difference between having a conversation and making conversation? d) What three words can you form from the word conversation? Use them to complete these sentences. 1 He’s a great storyteller and an excellent ____. He's never at a loss for words. 2 She writes almost ___. When you read her books, you can almost hear her talking to you. 3. Idon’t want to learn how to read and write. _ Japanese is enough for me. 4 Check your answers with the dictionary definitions. 5 Work with a partner and answer these questions: a) What's the difference between a chat, a conversation, a discussion, and an argu b) Think of three more verbs to fill the blank: fo __ (a) conversation ¢) What is the missing preposition in these expressions? 1 they were deep ___ conversation. 2 she was engaged conversation 3. the subject came up ___ conversation Talk6 Look at these adjectives that can be used to describe conversations, animated pointless overheard riveting lengthy memorable _| | frustrating enjoyable meaningful predictable boring rent one-way ” fascinating in-depth hilarious a) Classify the adjectives under the headings below. b) Add two more adjectives under each heading and compare your answers with a partner. positive negative neutral | | 7 Conversational is a graded adjective. Work with a partner and answer these questions: a) Which of the adjectives in 6 can be graded with adverbs such as very ot fairly? b)__ Which of the adjectives cannot be graded? 6) What about the adjectives you added? 8 Think about the last time you had a conversation in English. Work with a partnér and discuss these questions. Use adjectives from 6 if appropriate. a) Who were you talking to? Did you know the person/people well? b) Where were you? ©) What did you talk about? d) Were you happy with your English? ©) Who did most of the talking, you or the other person/ people? £) How did the conversation end? 9 Find three things your conversations had in common. The Art of Conversation Oh helio, George. We were just talking about you 41 Work in small groups and discuss these questions: a) What makes a conversation enjoyable? b)_ What makes a conversation frustrating? ©) What's your definition of a good conversationalist? 2 Compare your answers with the rest of the class. 3 E2320 You are going to hear six people answering one of the questions in 1. As you listen, take brief notes on their answers. Lise your notes to decide which question each one is answering, speaker notes question answered ‘take active pari who don’: hag conversation 4 Compare your notes with a partner, Did the people interviewed have similar opinions to those expressed by your class?36 Vocabulary 1 Look at these excerpts from the speakers’ answers, Complete as many of the sentences 9 ») 9 0 you can before you listen again. it helps i there aren't some people who (1) the conversation all the time, and ako people need to have a sonse ‘of humor abou things | think, nt to take thigs 100 seriously and you need a conversation that (2) its o____ smecne wha has a point that they want to (3) ___ during the corwersation someone with ‘2 opposed to somcone whe just tld nonitop about variovs avbjects 430, some people don' care about whose (5) _ fs to talk so they just, you know, (6) vihen youre in the middle of a thought. | realy hate it when I'm with sorneone who just (7) in a comersation and who doesn't give you a chance to speak at all lke youre on (8) and you can share the same tastes or experinces 50 you know where the other person's coming from, | can't stand it when you have to (9) yoursel when the other person's not responding or when they are responding but its with (10) — you knows ust going yeah uh um, and thats all youre getting back, and when you have to work to (I!) that’ realy bad, when youle having to (12) for things to say 2 Listen again and check your answers. 3. Work in small groups. Choose one of the questions below and discuss it with your ‘group, using some of the expressions from 1 1) Who is the best conversationalist you know? What makes him/her such a good conversationalist? 'b) Can you remember a frustrating, conversation you've had recently. Why was itso frustrating? ‘¢) What was the most enjoyable conversation you've had recently? Who were you talking to? What made it so enjoyable? Conversational Styles 41 You are gning to tad an article ahont conversatinnal styles, Read the title and the fist Paragraph and answer these questions: Who do you identify with, Sara or Betty? Why? 2. Read the rest ofthe article and decide what the topic of each section is, Match the headings below to the numbered sections. a) Don’t Take It Too Personally d) Pause to Think b) Whose Tun Is It, Anyway? e) You Are What You Say ©) It Depends on Where You Come From Talkalin bend he ld trina Seve new we, tut Baty never sumed have ayn to sy. hl Sara « eBay didnt nld up teen oe eamvesaon, Bey comolaines to Steve ‘hal Sta ver gave et hance tak The problrna o do wih ‘apelin abot pacing aa using 8 Comersation sa un ekng pare, YOu a hen ak hen you tak agen (ne getsn tasting when anor isthiste, That seers simple enough . ge uthow do youknow wher Im fished? +s Wel wen sop. But ew do you know sn sopping? When my vo gots sot when | slat open myo win slaw down and pausoal he Bato so oes my voi havea ‘eto mean "Tat about” as opposed tw “This nt te main pit yor "tm mumble? Doss repeating nyse mean Tm ot of rw ings to sy" or “tm enohasang’? Andhow much ofa pause ara ward means “In stoping? 2 mposed to" pausing wing ‘un’—pausing fr bea oi te rat words, to dara eft, cas ‘ay comrstional signa just ou of se abi 2 Inthe mis of a corversation, you dom {ak time topuzle this cut You sense ‘nen In nish, o abou fo make 2 poi, r cating anes, based on ‘your eats lepers king o pple ‘Whe cur habits ae smi hemo problem, What you sense an wat et a sina. But ourhabits are dient you may sat ak ele in 5 ftisbed—in ater wos, ust — ‘rfl oak your turn when am frshed—leaing eto onsen tat yuirenot paying atention or have ing toy, ‘5 Tels whl was happening wit By and Sra. Te ny pause ety as wating for ner ocnure when Sr wa atu, because before tli, Sara woud sense a avvard silence and would Kady ‘send it by ling the pase wth mre ‘ak —as. ra when ety da san 0 Sy sting she would eto Be ha! seed to Sara ong eases vatin hr speech, ging Sara the +» impession ht ety had fishes when she hd hardly goter stated. Such irene are net ama same pel expecting lang pases and hws expcing hot oes. Lng and © Shr are eave they have meaning conn compass something — as epaced, or swrene aes avs. Someone Woo expects a shoe ave than the eson shes speaking ta «5 wll oe sta aking bette ter has a cance orisha sat. Someane wh is wang for longer pause than the person shes speaking to vom be able ge a word in edges. 3 fay nol be endo th ety, who eect lave longer pases between tus, Bish, nd Sar, who eyecare aus, s Amerian ough here ate group ards > inde earns area British rong Area sah, the ‘and The goer pnomeron, he, shat el, ti tad fo average Bish seats end to eect convsation, he acing and pausing. longer pauses bewean tus thn do ‘ad eopleto caw carlson na Ames, «abou conversational syle tut bout 1 Baty fen et mteruped by Sara pasonlty and abies. These hail But Btyhersol became an inruplr _tflrenges are tle te basis fr and found hese ching all he aking eargeousstereayping An ase atten sb me visor om Finan. sci ghanarara cn hae ery pase ‘Whereas she epee longer pauses oe consequences. For expla woman bolas uns han Sara, she expected fram the cuwesio pa te Unie ‘htt pauses than the Fina, Ander, Sos went olive in an ate iy fr who bec intern and 8 jobin personel When he personne ominaing in comerstion win Baty, depres gol ogee fx mesigs, ad hard tine geting a wor in ‘eden with some spear om Lain beak in—ard neve fund, Atough Aneta ot ae 4 Ditleenoes among seats om ve She kept searching fr height tec hare she was considered ugg ang cote, n Washington she was Prsceied as sty and reing When se ite countries ae mst prorounced was evalua al the nd ola yey, she andes easly ental, Bathe was ot to tke an asseriares ‘= areas ei, eioal, as, ae, and tating course because fer inbity end cteenes rong speers tam to speak up. ‘ach county. ad when memes of (oup cant oe a comesation ong one ‘Thats wy nt reno in + comers ye —ty tte ings win member of a etan oer orup, tke mirseoands of pause —can hae we resus ten te storeoype tat an etormaus ington you. These eon fam tect rou ar actu, ‘Iie sigs make up the rnecancs ot uncooperative dulled. The Bish, for xarpe tok of Scandinavians as being aun, bu conversation, and en Beye een + ight of, the conversions iraan ‘ator ev ut of, The esl in tis ‘trong canna fe Fs fave 8 case was 2 ude ol pscoayal "epton or boing stow and dl Conversely, Americans ro ast Sealing reins, Ihe New Yo. ae {howg of pus, oeteang an oe ages. robles —evenin the mind of te women nse, who really wonteeo ‘at was wrong wih er and sane wo 14 —_Torassrenes tring, (eon eWay e102) ogc a AR RRS SEAN 3. Answer these questions: a) What exactly was causing the problems between Sara and Betty? b) Where were the two women from? Why is this significant? How would you summarize the article to someone who hasn’t read it? ° 4) Work with a partner and compare your answers.38 Vocabulary wh- words Without looking back, decide whether each of these statements is true or false accord to the article a) Betty didnt eally have much to say to Sara. 'b) The British tend to be quieter than Americans. ©) Israelis speak more quickly than most North Americans, 4) The Finns have a reputation for being boring, ©) New Yorkers take short pauses and tend not to wait for people to take their tum. #) People from the east coast of the U'S. tend to speak a little more slowly than those from the southwest. 8). The way different nationalities speak contributes to the formation of national stereotypes. Check your answers with the article and then discuss these questions with your partn a) The article is taken from a book. What type of reader is it written for? b) Have you ever considered this topic belore? Do you agree with the argument presented in the article? ©) Did the article make you think of anybody you know or any situations you've four yourself in? 1. Match these words and phrases from the article with their definitions, Look back a the article if you need to check the meanings of the words, a) never seemed to have anything to 1 talking about nothing in particular say (line 3/4) 2 unable to find a common subject of inter b) didn’t hold up her end of the 3. say something which makes someone es conversation (line 5/6) stop what they are saying or doing ©) never gave hera chance to talk 4 idn’t contribute enough to the (ine 7/8) conversation 4) amumbler (line 22) 5. when neither person knows what to say. ©) chatting aimlessly (line 34) rno one says anything f) interrupt (line 40) 6 dominated the conversation §) an awkward silence (line 9) 7 lack of confidence at taking part in a h) had a hard time getting a word conversation in edgewise (line 89/90) 8 was unable to express her point of view i) can’t get a conversation going because she was not allowed! time to sped) (line 98) 9 someone who doesn’t speak clearly 1) inability to speak up 10. was usually very quiet (line 132/133) 2 Check your answers with a partner. 3. Work with a partner and discuss these questions: a) Look back at the words and phrases (a-j) in 1. Which might be associated with Bett and which with Sara? Are there any that you would not associate with either? b) Does the way people in your country speak vary from city to city or region to region? ©) Are you typical of your region or country? Test Yourself 1 Which word{s) in the box below refer(s) to a) a point or period in time? ©) the way something is done? b) aplace? 1) aperson? ©) areason? g) a thing (2 words)? d) a relationship of possession or belonging? who what where when whose which why how Talk(1) __ you're talking to people (2)____don't really want to hear (3) ___ you have to say or 4) __keep interrupting you all the time and don’t seem to care at all about (5) ___turn itis to talk, it can be very disheartening. Listening Vocabulary 2. Use the words in the box on page 38 to complete these sentences. 3 In how many places could you have used that? 4 Use words from 1 to complete the following questions: a) fault is it when a conversation breaks down? b) Do you sometimes start talking without thinking about __ you're going to say? ©) __is the best conversationalist you know? d) Have you ever been in a situation __ you've been at a loss for words? ©) ___Was the last time you said something and then wondered ____ you'd bothered? f) do you feel about talking to strangers? 5 Discuss the questions with a partner, Eavesdropping Secretly listening to other people's conversations is called eavesdropping. Work in small groups and discuss these questions: a) In what kind of situations is it difficult not to eavesdrop? b) What was the last conversation you eavesdropped on? Where were you? Who was talking? What were they talking about? Did they notice that you were listening to them? 1 B21 You are going to “eavesdrop” on three conversations. As you listen, decide which conversation takes place a) ina college dormitory room. b) ata party.) ina restaurant. 2 Inwhich conversation a) did the speakers use to do something together? bb) have the speakers just started doing something together? ©) do the speakers share a similar problem? 3. Check your answers with a partner and discuss what the speakers are talking about in each conversation. 1. Work with a partner. Look at the following expressions. They have all been taken from the conversations. Match them to definitions (1-6) on the right. a) all sweetness and light 1 asnack ora light meal b) something catches my eye rest for a short time ©) take a break to be neighbors d) abite to eat complain angrily about something ©) rant and rave Thave my attention drawn to something, £) tolive next door smiling and happy 2. Which conversation does each expression come from? Listen again if necessary and check your answvers.40 a ») 9 H11(1)__ (have) a really difficult project to do, say writing a particularly complex report or tackling a particularly difficult question, rather than getting down to it immediately, | (2) (decide) that now friends, or | (4) _ (Start) cleaning the house from top to bottom. Sometimes | (5)___ (do) some cooking, convincing myself that | (6) __(actuallysave) time later by preparing all that food now. At other times | (7) __ (spend) ages just staring out of the window and waiting for inspiration! 3° Use the expressions in 1 on page 39 to complete these questions. Make any changes thal are necessary. a) Do you usually have a full meal at lunch time or do you just have __? b)_ Is your boss usually bad-tempered, or is he/she _? ©) Do you get along well with the people who to you? ) Do you get a chance to__at all during the day, or are you always rushing around] ©) Is there anything that makes you really angry and makes you want to___? 1) Ifa really expensive item of clothing ____in a store window, do you go in and try i con or devide it’s tuy expensive and walk away? 4 Choose three of the questions and ask your partner. Close-up General 1 Look at these short excerpts from the first two conversations. Write the correct form of tendencies each verb in parentheses. he (1) (rant and rave) for a while, and then haf an hour laterhe (2) forge) all about it And then he (3) (be) a sweetness and light ftar thas sometimes after we (4) __ (dose) he (5) ___ (order) in some pizza for everybody and then we (6) (all st aroun) talking nf having a bite to eat. |) go) and make a cup of colee,and then | (8) __ (ust take) a break with my cup of coffe rather than work 2. Compare your answers with a partner 3 FEB 22 Listen and check your answers. Were your answers different from the recording If yes, do you think your answers are also correct? 4 Which modal auxiliary is used in the excerpts? What time is this modal auxiliary usuall associated with? 5 Look at these sentences and ansiver the questions that follow A” He rants and raves for a while, and then he forgets all about it. B He'll rantand rave for a while, and then he'll forget all about it, a) Do the sentences refer to the present, the future, or no time in particular? 1b) Which sentence is presenting a fact? Which mentions a tendency? 6 Complete the text below with the verbs in parentheses. Use will where possible. (find) all kinds of litle tasks to distract me. 13) the perfect time to write all those letters to long lost 7 Work with a partner and discuss these ques a) Can you think of any other things people do to procrastinate when they don’t want to do something? b)’ Do you get things done right away, or do you tend to procrastinate? ©) you are a procrastinator, what delaying tactics do you employ? If you aren’t, do you know anybody who is? Describe how they put things off posTendencies in 1 Look at this excerpt from the third conversation. Write the correct form of each verb in the past parentheses. ‘Adam: Yes the bus driver () (wait) for me becauze he new I (2) __ (always be) a minute late Nick: Aru we (3) (it) atthe back of the bus ‘Adam: ve (4) __. (shoe answer) Nick: We had our tle cub for two. ‘Adam: that's nght. And you, you (9) (always forget) to do your homework, and you (6) —__ (have to) copy mine. | Nick: Yes And do you remember you started me smoking? Remember we (7) _ (go) down by the rver and smoke at | hnehtime? (Language Reference p.41) 3 Compare your answers with a partner. [E58 23 Listen and check your answers. Were there any. ferences? ‘Can would be replaced with the simple past in each of the following sentences? If not, say a) My grandfather would sit down with us and talk for hours on end, making up. fabulous stories about characters he had invented on the spur of the moment. I wish, then L would be able to tell them to my children. 1b) Our next-door neighbor was a terrible gossip. She would talk for hours and hours. If ©) David used to be really shy as a child. He would be perfectly happy sitting quietly in the comet, playing contentedly by himself, and he hated having to talk to strangers. nd at college. She was the life of the party. She would alway know the latest jokes and could tell them really well. Life in the dorm would have 4 Work with a partner and discuss these questions: a) Which forms of the verb did you use in 1? b)_ Did you use anould at all? If not, what verb form did you use in its place? ©) What time does zoould refer to in the excerpt? 1d) Does :ould refer here to specific events or general tendencies? . 8 why. Tcould remeanber the we'd given her the opportunity, she would have gone on forever! Sally was my best been very dull without her! 6 Do you know anyone like the people described above? Ask your partner, Language Reference: Tendencies ‘We can use the modal auxiliaries will and would to talk about | tendencies in general and tendencies in the past, respectively. General tendencies When we want to talk about facts that we think are generally true, we use the simple present. The earth revolves around the sun. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. The U.S. consists of fifty states plus the District of Columbia. when we want to talk about things that generally tend to happen without suggesting that they always, Inevitably happen, we can use the modal auxiliary will ‘Men will often prefer to start a conversation about sports or the news, while women will talk about their feelings or their relationships. You can tell her something one minute, and she'll forget it the next. Tendencies in the past We can use would to talk about habits, tendencies, or characteristic behavior in the past. Wher Fas youny, my father would sit down with me in the hitchen every day after schoo! and help me with my homework. On Saturday mornings we would go to the movies together, ‘and he would let me go to the candy store on the way home. When we got back to the house, my mother would be waiting for us, and we would all have lunch together. ‘We cannot use would to refer to a specific event in the past. We use the simple past for this. My father would help me with my homework last night. x My father helped me with my homework last night. / We would see 2 great movie at the new multiplex last weekend. ¥ We saw 2 great movie at the new multiplex last weekend. /42 | Love Them Dearly, But... 1 £824 Listen to Ann talking about some ofthe members of her family and answer th following questions: a) Which members of the family does she mention? Write down their names and thet relationship to her. b) What habits and characteristics of theirs does she mention? 2 Work with a partner and check your answers, Then discuss these questions: a) What do you think Ann’s children might say about her? Do you think she may hav some annoying habits or characteristics? 1b} Does she remind you of anyone in your family? Anecdote 1 You are going to tell your partner about a member of your family or a person you kno or used to know, very well. Look at the questions below: Which are you going to ansie in your description? Think about the language you will need to use. [2 How long have you known this person? 1) What is his/her relationship to you? [Does he/she have any annoying or endearing habits? Is there anything he/she used to do in the past but doesn’t do anymore? What attracts you to this person? Have you had/Do you have any disagreements? What is his/her conversational style like? How does he/she approach life? Do you have anything in common? © Is there anything else you'd like to add? 2 Tell your partner about the person. 3 When you have finished, look back at the questions listed above. Which did your partna include in his/her description? Did he/she mention anything else? Did your two descriptions have anything in common? Talk Vocabulary 1 Work with a partner. Look at the list below. It shows some of the most common uses forms of the word talk, Which part of speech is used in each sentence—noun (countable or noncountable?), verb, or adjective? ‘She has. Mee i talk of the town since her’ ron public relationship with the mayor, ‘Simon was always late, despite always talking about family and responsibilit ‘Mer dinner we listened to Fred's hilarious tlk about how to avoid becoming a millionaice. You have no right to talk! You never exercise, and you smoke too mu ‘There's fresh talk ofa strike atthe car factory. (219 =) 88 4)S/2)6 [=a 5/6 /= 2)2. Use the sentences in 1 to help you answer these questions. ) Complete each of these expressions with an appropriate preposition’ 1 totalk___ someone ___ something, 2 togivea talk __ something b) What does She cous the talk of the torn mean? ©) In what situation would you say You have no right to talk!? Gd) Complete cach of these sentences, using one of the forms of talk 1 Are there any international peace ___ going on these days? 2 When did you last go to a public? What was it on? 3 Who's the most” person you know? 4 Wha‘'s the main point in today’s meeting? ) What is the difference between these three nouns: talks, a talk, and talk? 3° Work with a partner. Discuss the questions in 2d. Joke Time Stress 1 You are going to hear a comedian telling a story containing these four items: 1 Work with a partner. Discuss how you think the items might be linked. Tell your story to the class, 5 25 Listen to the story: Is it different from your version? Do you think it is funny? Why/Why not? One of the important things about telling a joke successfully is getting the timing and pace of delivery right. Turn to page 133 to take a closer look at how this joke is told. Doctor! Doctor! Rolow are the first linos of three jokes. Match each one with the two other lines to make a three-line joke. a) Aman goes to see his doctor and says, “Doctor! Doctor! I can’t stop shaking.” b) Aman says to his doctor, “Doctor! Doctor! Will [be able to play the violin after the operation?” ©) Aman speaks frantically into the phone, “Doctor! Doctor! My wife is pregnant, and her contractions are only two minutes apart!” 1 “No, you idiot!” the man shouts. “This is her husband.” 2 And the man replies, “Not really; [spill most of it!” 3. “Great!” the man says. “T never could before!” 4 “Is this her first child?” the doctor asks, 5 The doctor asks him, "Do you drink a lot?” 6 “Yes, of course,” replies the doctor, Check your answers with a partner and then practice reading the jokes aloud. Pay particular attention to pace and timing, Work with a partner and discuss your answers to these questions: a) Which is your favorite joke in 1? Which made you laugh? Which made you groan? b) Do you have “Doctor! Doctor!” jokes in your language? What kind of jokes are ‘common these days? Can they be translated, or do they depend on a play on words?Persea rs 4a Luck pee ar Winning “the Big One” 1 Good-luck charms vary from country to country, Match the charms with the countries the box ceca Turkey gypt Italy China United States India Listen and check your answers. Work with a partner an answer these question: a) What are considered good-luck charms in your country? What is considered to bring bad luck? yod-luck charm? Are you lucky? Have you ever won anything? If so, what? ©) Do you ever play the lottery? If you do, how do you hoose your numbers? What's the most you've ever won? If you don’t play, why not? d) What would you do if you won “the big one >) Do you have a Read the questions ticle from Po magazine and answer these a) How do some people usually choose their lottery numbers? How would /do you choose lottery numbers? b) What advice would you a huge amount of money? Feopleis a weekly American ea person who has won ‘ that contains newsy articles ©) Which do you think is the best subtitle for the artick celebritieo ao well ao ordinary Money Is Everything Who have done extraordinary Dreams Can Come True ke win th lottory, Hitting the Jackpot Compare your answers with a partner:AFTER THE Shock, elation, and phone calls from long-lost cousin Ed: tell how they coped with windfall wealth. Lottery winners ee ust peal in yeur birthday pus your igh school act combination plurk down buck or maybe 5, oss your fingers ard..ne thing you know you sipping 5 maitais inthe Jaci of your steoh Meredes SUV. Nevermind hl youre fen times ‘mor kay to be kled bya bee sting—wining a whopping try acct is stil he quiches, esis! way ealzing the American ream, a0 Orisif? Su, today latey jackals are ‘rowing aster than Tobey Maguire’ asking rie, Producing sme gargantuan payouts dust ook at 20-year od rita Greene, who les! month pulled Upto ie Georgia tery ofcein 2 imousine to 5 cash her $589 milion Big Game lotr ick, "People sad to go excited about $20 milion ‘$30 milion.” says Chuck tut, executive eter ofthe Multi-Site Lotry Associaton, \aich rated the fist Powerball acpot in 198, 20 "Now takes $50 to $100 milion before ue ge rational atertion” But wih massive winds ‘an come major headaches, such as needy, stant eaves who suddenly remember your hone number. “You gl bombarded with some ‘28 oulrageous requests, ka ‘Uncle Ray noods 2 new en” Says Bob Haney, a Washinaon, DC, lotry manager “Youve goto put up areal, ‘or you can get cash-pnor prety quickly.” Your best bet: Hire a good tnarcial panne, 20 fala deep beat bette buying at minor-eaque baseball tam, and listen fo wal ihe allowing big winers have fo say about what happens ator youn he att Mary Champaine | 235 Amount won: $6.6 milion Fora ew yeas, Mary Changin sured an ‘ric teak of mistorune In Ap 1987, stay bul tom wring Lo Angeles gags kl her 24 yet stepson, Aaya lar se ster ‘4 moteri-law and fates n Auus 1999, the frm are she ha worked a personnel anar ode a month ler hertusband Alber, 50, succumbed cancer, Reals Changin, now 56, wound workas 2 Slrbuks manager oe ene eae surviving to gre over my ls The in Dobe 200 on th 19 os Chanpainhad bought fr terse and et tmolyes inthe Catia Super Loto Pus won 0 2nSH7 millon po Atheugh Changin’ wind made et an ovnight cel, ste continued et $32, 000-2-yea jb until Cereiter 200 “just got rary she ays "lead so many sales ples that tage me tema” ss She ep her hea, tough: Hest puchoses werea gas dono anda dimmer sich {ste insted then esi for ner modest ome in East LA. Not yar sho par obi house ‘ore dato Mitel radon, 0, and wo 0 granchlren. Champa wh had ea suey 3. Work with a partner. Discuss these questions: a) Inwhat ways Lotto Plus changed Mary Champaine’s life? Do you think winning so much money has made up for the hardships she suffered in the past? How has winning the lottery made life better for b) these people? How has it made life worse? What advice would you give toa person who has become instantly rich? Ifyou had won the most recent big lottery in your country, what would you have done with the money? 9 dy 1as winning the California Super in July 2002, now walks every day at dawn and ‘takas belly-dancing lessons with a rend. “Money {oes ral yos happy Chapa sys, What makes me happy Is that my grafxddaughters are i) se gongtotwabietogotocaleg Paul Cooney eee ‘Amount won: $20.7 million i Aeron, re tery wine: Bere sven afm secure ze fail Coomy. Size scving $207 min in thei etn’, Coon) — foe cispatcherata Geni Ford dealership —as ‘ack up a collection of mistes amostas_ f formidable as his fortune. Among them: ns na 7s purcasing a faling ‘money in the lottery ‘She wasn’t paying attention. > What might have happened (unreal past) Ifshe had won the jackpot. If she had been paying a little more attention Substituting if Instead of using if to introduce the unreal situation, we can invert the subject and verb. 1f she had won the jackpot. if your work had been ‘more satisfactory. > Had she won the jackpot. > Had your work been more satisfactory... This is formal language, especially if itis written. A Lucky Break 1 Look at the pictures. What do you think the story is that connects them? The main clause Describing possible present consequences We use would (do) or would be (doing) to describe @ possible present consequences of the unreal pasts 1f she had won the lottery, she wouldn't be working 1f she had been paying more attention, she wouldn't such a mess. Describing possible past consequences We use would have (done) or would have been (doin describe the possible past consequences of the unreal situation, If she had won the lottery, she would have bought a red sports car. She wouldn't have been daydreaming in class ifthe li had been a little more interesting. The if clause and the main clause can be used in eitWishes and regrets Language Reference p50) 3 Answer these questions about the story: a) Who first noticed the thieves? b) How were the thieves caught? ¢) Whose idea was it? d) How do you think the thieves fell? Close-up 1 Match the first part of the sentences on the left with the endings on the right. a). Ibet the thieves wished they'd 1 kept an eye on her coat while she was in the )_ Kelly wishes she'd restaurant ©) The girls wished they hadn't spent so long talking, 3. turned the phone off, What do you notice about the verb structure that follows these wishes and regrets? 2 What other wishes or regrets might the people in the story have had? 3 > Match the two parts of the sentences in the three groups below: TaN | Va wish Hoved you, 1) but hard as I try, | can't. b Iwish didn’t love you, but I don't. | © [wish Icould love you, -—«-3_but the fact is, Ido. | | 4 | wish I had told you, but | promised I wouldn't tell anyone. | wish | could tell you, because | didn’t know you'd be so upset. I wish | hadn't told you, ‘but | was scared you'd get mad at me. Look at the sentences again and answer these questions. 1a) Which three sentences oxpross a definite wish ta change the past? b) Which two sentences express a definite wish to change the present? ©) Which four sentences express a desire to change the near future or the present? Which verb forms are used in cases a-c in 4? a) 1 wish I (simple past). ®) wen had | tt | wah. st conto) Mild d) I wish...would.. e) Iwish...could. EO ie oe50 Regrets Language Reference p. 50 Game 1 Which of these sentences are incorrect? Make changes to them so they are correct, a) regret leaving my job last year. b) [fonly I spent so much money last weekend. ©) Tregret to have that argument with my best friend 4) Lregret not having learned to play a musical instrument ©) Ifonly I'd gotten up so late this morning, f) regret not going to Spain on vacation last year g) [regret having lent my car to my brother. 1h) regret not to take my driving test. i) Ifonly I'd gotten through my work more quickly. 2 Areany of the regrets in 1 true for you? Tell your partner about them Wishful Thinking, Work in small groups. Think of a famous person, cartoon, or fairytale character. Write down three possible wishes or regrets that this person or character might have expressed. Read your wishes to the rest of the class to guess who itis, Language Reference: Wishes and regrets We backshift the verb after wish to express the following unreal (and wished for) situations. Rogrets about past situations | didn’t tell you the truth, > I wish that 1 told you the truth I wasn't really concentrating. > I wish Id been concentrating. Regrets about present situations Idon't have enough time to > I wish I had more time study. to study, You're working very hard > I wish that you weren't these days. working so hard. A desire to change the future They're coming to visit us > I wish they weren't next weekend, coming to visit us next weekend. 1'm going to fail my exam > I wish | weren’t going to again, fail my exam again. In clauses after wish, we usually use were/weren't where we would normally use was! wasn’t. Wasn't is usually used only in Informal speech, Could is also used to emphasize the inability to change a situation in the present or future. wish Hoved you. (but I don’t) | wish | could love you. (but I can’t) We can also use would to describe a desired change in the present or future. It emphasizes a sense of longing or irritation, It isn’t raining, > I wish it would rain You smoke in the house. > I wish (that) you smoke in the house In informal clauses with wish, that can be omitted, Other ways of expressing regret iT only + past perfect If only Id studied English when I was younger If only I hadn't eaten the whole pizza! regret +-ing The verb that follows regret is always in the sing fem whether it is an auxliary or not 1 regret choosing French when I was at school. 1 regret not having studied English when ! was youn Notes: We use wish + infinitive to express a formal intention form is usually used in writing. We wish to inform you that the offices will be closed ‘Mondays until further notice, We wish to congratulate you on your recent success We wish to thank all those who participated in thera conference, We can also use the verb regret + infinitive in a form context to say that we are sorry about something. Iti used to break bad news, We regret to inform you that you have failed the e {regret to announce that Paul will be leaving the co the end of the month.Vocabulary a nee ; Wish Fulfillment 1 Look at this list of song titles with wish in them. Have you heard of any of the songs or artists? Which title do you like the best? Which is the most romantic title? Which is the saddest title? eT: an a Le aoe le Artist | Wish Every Day Could be Like Christmas Bon Jovi I Wish We Could be Alone Laura Branigan | Wish 1 Didn't Love You So kd Lang Wish It Would Rain The Temptations | Wish That | Could Fall in Love Today Barbara Mandrell ish That | Could Tell You Reba McEntire | Wish the Phone Would Ring. Expose I Wish You Could be Here The Seekers Wish You Love Paul Young Wish You Peace The Eagles | Wish You Well Tom Cochrane King of Wishful Thinking Go West My Wish Camo True Eis Presley You Can Make a Wish Mica Paris Wish Fulfillment Sonic Youth Wish List, Pearl Jam Wish You Were Here Pink Floyd Wishing Well Black Sabbath a Work with a partner. Look through the list again and answer these questions: a) What part of speech is wish and the words formed from it in each title? b)_ Find two adjectives formed from the root wish. What nouns do they form an expression with? ©) The noun wish is used to describe other nouns. Find two examples. 4d) Find an example of each of these patterns: wish + clause I oish you + adverb Twish you + noun Write some song titles, using the cues below. Use your imagination! a) wish /phone/ring, b) wish/fly/eagle ©) wish/tell /truth d) wish /all the money in the world ©) wish /somewhere else ) wish/you/me Complete each of these questions with an appropriate verb and disc partner. them with your )_In the US. itis traditional to___a wish when you blow out candles on a birthday cake, Do you have the same, or a similar, tradition in your country? b) Ifyou could ___ three wishes now, what would they be? ©) Have any of your wishes ever true? Luck 51Anecdote 1 id it influence you for the better 2 Tell your partner about the event. 3 Did your anecdotes have anything in common? The Day of the Triffids THE DAY OF THE areLinking phrases: start with, we. Eventually, we eaized The next step was to Alter various attempts, Although we tried to spite of Despite ths, Anyway, going back to. ven though the Tfids They mil 29 Listen to some excerpts from the book Tiie Day of tte Trifids, Decide whether each of these sentences is true or false a) The storyteller’s whole body was in bandages. b)_ The storyteller knew something was wrong, because he couldn’t hear any traffic ©) The storyteller was in a mental hospital 4) Somebody in the street was singing ©) On Tuesday, May 7, the Barth passed through some comet debris. f) Tho storyteller rvally enjoyed the fireworks. 8). Thestoryteller opened the curtains for the patients in the surgical ward h) A Triffid is a camivorous animal capable of killing a man. 3 Work in small groups and answer these questions: a) How did the comet debris bring about “the end of the world”? b) How did the writer survive it? ©) Why dic he think that he might have been transferred to a mental hospital? d) When did he realize that all the other patients were blind? ©) What made Thiffids different from other plants? 4. Listen again and check your answers 5 Work with a partner, Discuss these questions: 8) What would some of the major consequences of practically everyone going blind be? The storyteller described it as “the end of the world.” Do you think he was exaggerating? b) Approximately 99% of the population was blinded. Imagine that you and your partner were two of the lucky ones who weren’t, How would you have spent that first Wednesday? Three Months Later... The Day of the Triffids starts off with the end of the world as we know it. This is caused by comet debris that blinds practically everyone. To add to everyone's difficulties, the Earth is also plagued by flesh-eating Triffids. Work with a partner. Write the narrator's diary for the first three months of life after “the end of the world.” Before you start writing, discuss the points below with your partner. ‘Write about 100 words for each month, ‘The first month Have you met other sighted people? How did you meet them? What do they do? Do you or they have skills that will be useful in this “new” life? What has happened to the people who were blinded by the comet debris? What is everyday life like? What about food, water, electricity? Do yout still use mon How are you dealing with the Triffids? Are you still living in the same town or city, or have you had to move? Why? ‘The second month Do you still get along, with the other sighted people you've met? Do you share the same objectives for the future? What are they? Have your food supplies run short? What are your plans for long-term food supplies? Are the Triffids increasing in number, or have you found a way of reducing their numbers? What medical problems have you had? The third month What do you do every day? Are your lives beginning to get into a routine What do the blind people do? How are you feeling? Are you optimistic about the future? What do you think the future holds?Mind 1 How much do you know about your brain? Answer true or false to each of th questions and find out. 2 Check your ansivers on page 133, Mind Matters 11 Work with a partner, Discuss these questions: a) Have you read or heard about this book or Dr. Oliver Sacks? b)_ What do you think the case called The Man Who Misteok His Wife for a Hat is about? 2 Read these four excerpts from the case and match these headings to them. a) The Doctor’s Examination ——_c) The Diagnosis__The Man Who Mistook His i b) The Doctor's First Impression d) The Patient Hoe The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat 1 Dr P. was 2 musician of distinction, well-known for many years as a singer, and then atthe local school of music, asa tea It was here, in relation to his students, that certain strange problems were frst observed. Sometimes a student would pre himself, and Dr. P. would not recognize him—or, specifically, would not recognize his face. The moment the student spoke \would be recognized by his voice. Such incidents multiplied, causing embarrassment, perplewity, fear —and, sometimes, om + For not only did Dr. P. increasingly fail to see faces, but he saw faces when there were no faces to see: genially, when in the st hhe might pat the heads of fire hydrants and parking meters, taking these to be the heads of childven; he would amiably ade carved knobs on the furniture and be astounded when they did not reply ‘The notion of there being “something the matter” did not emerge until ome three years later, when diabetes developed. aware that diabetes could afect his eyes, Dr. P consulted an ophthalmologist, who took a careful history and examined his ey 10 closely. “There's nothing the matter with your eyes,” the doctor concluded. “But there is trouble with the visual parts of brain, You don't need my help: you must seea neurologist.” And so, asa result of this referral, Dr P came to me2 {Ie was obvious within a few seconds of meeting him that chere was no trace of dementia in the ordinary sense. He was a man of _gteat cultivation and charm, who talked well and fluently, with imagination and humor. I couldn't think why he had been relerted tour clinic, 13 And yet there was something a bit odd He faced me as he spoke, was oriented toward me, and yet there was something the matter —it was difficult to formulate, He faced me with his ears, I came to think, but not with his eyes, These, instead of looking, ‘gazing, at me, “taking me in,”in the normal way, made sudden strange fixations —on my nose, on my right ear, own to my chin, up to my right eve—as if noting even studying) these individual features, but not seeing my whole face, its changing expressions, “me."as a whole. Iam not sure [fully realized this at the time—there was just a teasing strangeness, some failure 20 in the normal interplay of gaze and expression. He saw me, he seanned me, and yet “What secms to be the matter?" Lasked him at length, ‘Nothing that | know of," he replied with a smile, “but people seem to think there's something wrong with my eyes” “But you don’t reoognize any visual problems?" “No, not directly, but I occasionally make mistakes” 3 25 He saw allright, but what did he see? I opened aut a copy of National Geographic, and asked him to describe some pictures init. His responses here were very curious. His eyes would dart from one thing to another, picking up tiny features, individual features, as they had done with my face. A striking brightness, a color, a shape would arrest his attention and elicit eomment—but in no case did he get the scene as a whole. 30 “What is this?” I asked, holding up a glove. ‘May Texamine i” he asked, and, taking it from me, he proceeded to examine it “A continuous surface,” he announced at last, “infolded on itself. It appears to have” —he hesitated — “five outpouchings, if this is the word.” “Yes,” I said cautiously. "You have given me a description, Now tell me what itis” container of some sort "Yes!" I said, “and what would it contain?” “It would contain its contents!” said Dr, P, with a laugh. “There are many possibilities. It could be a change purse, for example, for coins of five sizes. It could. | interrupted the barmy flow. “Does it not look familiar? Do you think it might contain, might fit, part of your body?" 40 No light of recognition dawned om his face. ‘No child would have the power to see and speak of “a continuous surface... infolded on itself,” but any child, any infant, would immediately know a glove asa glove, see it as familiar, as going with a band, Dr, P didn't, He sawr nothing as familiar, Visually, hhe was lost in a world of lifeless abstractions, 4 “Well, Dr. Sacks,” he said to me. “You find me an interesting case, I perceive. Can you tell me what you find wrong, make + recommendations? “Lcan’t tell you what I find wron, life, What 1 would prescribe, make it the whole, of your life.” :° Lreplied, “but [1] say what find right. You are a wonderful musician, and music is your a case such as yours, isa life which consists entirely of music. Music has heen the center, now ‘ere am Te Man Whe Mito 6 ile er Ha by Sak, 1285) 3° Work with a partner and discuss these questions: a) What were Dr. Pv’ first symptoms? b) Why did Dr. P. consult an ophthalmologist? Why was the ophthalmologist unable to help him? ©) What did Dr. Sacks notice about Dr. P’s eyes when they first met? ) Was Dr. P. aware that he didn’t see normally? Why/ Why not? ©) How did Dr. P. see? f) How do you think Dr. P, would describe a book or a pair of glasses? What might he mistake them for? 's) What advice did Dr. Sacks give the patient? Is this the kind of advice you would expect from a doctor? Why did he give him this advice? 1h) Look at these titles of other case histories from the book. What do you think the problem was in each case? ‘The Lost Mariner The Phantom Finger The Dog Beneath the Skin You can find out by reading the file cards on page 134.56 Vocabulary 1 Find words in sentences 1-8 below with the following meanings: )_ looking steadily at something for a long time b) noticed ©) move suddenly and quickly )_understand something by looking at it ©) know what something is when you see it again A) looked at or over something carefully or quickly 8) to look closely or analytically at something h)_ become aware of something by using your eyes 1 It was here, in relation to his students, that certain strange problems were first observed. (line 2) -Dr. P, would not recognize him—or, specifically, would not recognize his f (line 3) instead of looking, gazing, at me, “taking me in,” in the normal way... (lines He saw me, he scanned me, and yet... (line 20) He saw all right, but what did he see? (Line 25) His eyes would dart from one thing to another... (line 27) taking it from me, he proceeded to examine it. (line 31) You find me an interesting case, I perceive, (line 44) eNauke Observe, recognize, and see have more than one meaning. Look at these sentences and match the verbs with the meanings in the box. a) I recognize I'm not perfect. b) see what you mean. ©) They have recognized the importance of your contribution. d)_ Ifyou travel abroad, itis important to observe the customs of the country you ing, ‘e) Are you still seeing Peter? f) “That wasn’t very smart,” he observed. 8) The police observed the criminals from the house across the road 1) As I'see it, she's making a big mistake. towatch —to.understand —tocomment/remark to admit to follow or obey a law/rule to have an opinion on something lo met someone socially or date someone — tw acknowledge How would you translate observe, recognize, and see into your own language? Do the translations have multiple meanings? Write a paragraph using observe, recognize, and see. Use each word once. Show it toa partner and ask him /her to figure out the meanings of the verbs you have used, The Five Senses 1 ‘Work with a partner and discuss these questions: a) What are the five senses? b)_ Which do you think is the most important to you in your everyday life? ©) Which would you be able to cope the best without? d) Which sense triggers the most memories? ©) Haye you ever lost the use of one of your senses temporarily? 8) Doyou think any of your senses is especially well-developed? E23 30 Listen to Mike, Maria, Helen, Nick, and Petra each answering one of the questions in 1. Take notes on their answers. Which senses are they talking about? Which question is each person answering? Compare your notes with your partner. Were the speakers’ answers similar to yours? MindClose-up Verbs of the 1. Work with a partner. Look at the verbs in the box. Which refer to an ability? Which refer senses to an action? Which can refer to both? smell feel see look hear listen taste touch 2. Complete these excerpts from the speakers’ answers, using the correct forms ofthe verbs in the box. You may need to add a modal auxiliary ot a negative 48) Yes the most important one sight guess. mean, ifyoure blind Fyou (I), then although you can lead ful He and al that | think t does make you rnore vuinerable, more dependent an ather people 1b). would really hate it if (2) ___ shat things or people looked lke... or the expressions on people’ faces when they're taking to you | mean, you wouldh't even know if they (3)__at you or whether they looked interested in what you were saying ©) ead ths article about a man who wert dea and then his hearing was restored to him, and he spoke about how isolating it can be if you © <) he realy missed (5) _to music; that was the worst part he sid. That and not being able to (6) his wifes voice. 16 the palm trees (8) __ the food (9) __the sun on my skin 4)... they used an international sign language that was based on touchthey would (10) ___each other and sign on each other's pals and they (1!) each other talking—and it showed them ging to a drum concert, too tke a traditional Japanese drum concert —and they (12) __the musi, mean they (13) ____ the wbrations ofthe drums. even though they (I) them, 2) tin really sensitive co things the gas loks and anything that (15) bad Fy) 1 (16) __really strong things, ie cole ori something's buming inthe kitchen, but | (17) ___ other things tke perfume, so I den row how much to put on, And really mis the subUer sme inthe kcchen, It affets my taste, too. Everything (8) so bland, 3 E831 Listen and check your answers 4. Wore your answers different from the speakers’ answers? If yes, do you think your answers are also correct? 5 Look at the verbs in itlcs in the following sentences. Which describe: + anability ora sensation? + anaction? 4) He's amazing; he can fear a tune just once and then reproduce it perfectly. b) When I’m watching a movie at the movie theater, I like to sit in the middle of a row so that I can see more clearly. ©) When you have a bad cold, you can’t really taste things well. 4), When it’s windy, you can’t always fe! how hot the sun is on your skin, so it’s very easy to get sunburned. ©) “Don’t (ouch that plate—it just came out of the oven.” |The teacher got really angry because none of the children were listening to what he was saying 8) Itwasa terrible fire; they could fee! the hot air and smell the smoke a mile away, h) Always smell wine before tasting it. §) Ifyou tum the volume down a litle, you'll be able to fear it much more clearly. j)_ He didn’t ook before crossing the street and was almost hit by a bus! 6 Look at the sentences again and discuss these questions with your partner: a) Which verbs are used to describe an ability or a sensation? b)_ Which verbs are used to describe an action? ©) Find the modal auxiliaries and any other phrases with similar meanings. Are they used with descriptions of ability, descriptions of action, or both?Verbs with dynamic nesting refer to TF spent the weekend in Mian, She's gained « lot of tv recently Verbs with stative meanings refer toa state or condition. They are usually not used in continuons forms or imperatives, Hove my husband Ho believes that his Complete each sentence with the correct form of an appropriate verb fram 6 on page 57. a) Sometimes | found it difficult to concentrate in class. | used to tune out and __ out the window, and I___ to a word the teacher said. b) Sometimes groupwork can be really difficult. I just___ what people are saying ‘when there are a lot of people talking at the same time. ©) IF Lwere nearsighted, I'd have laser treatment on my eyes so that |___without having to wear glasses. 4) Ifind that I can remember a word much better if1__ it written down. ©) When I___ freshly cut grass, I always think of my dad and his lawn mower in the 4) When I was.a kid, I hated cabbage. Ijust couldn't eat it. If there was even the slightest trace of it, say in a soup oF something, I it right away and absolutely rofused to eat it 8) Lused to___ perfectly when I was younger, but now I need to wear glasses when I read or go to the movies h)__Llove summer evenings when you can sit outside, and you __ the heat of the sun still on your skin Are any of these sentences true for you? Discuss each one with a partner, Work with a partner, Look at the pairs of sentences below. a) Discuss the difference in meaning of the verbs in italics in each pair b) Which verbs are stative and which are dynamic? 1A Loar see John. He's just over there, standing next to the bookcase, IB In seeing John tomorrow. I'll lot him know what we've decided. 2A I could hear strange sounds coming from downstairs, so I decided to go and investigate, 2B I've been hearing great things about you recently. You must be doing really well. 3A I'm not feeling very well; I think I’m going to go and lie down for a while 3B ‘That heater’s really good! I can fee! the heat from here. 4A I'm jst tasting the soup to see if Ineed to add any more salt 4B [really can’t faste the difference between butter and margarine. 5A She was in the garden smelling the roses when she was stung by a bee 5B_ We lived near a chocolate factory. It was great, You could smell it all around you. Language Reference: Verbs of the senses We can talk about senses in two ways: ‘+ using stative verbs, to refer to abilities or sensations + using dynamic verbs, to refer to voluntary actions Stative verbs Dynamic verbs see look (at)/wateh feel ‘touch/fee! hear listen (to) smell smell taste taste can, could, and be able to We can often use stative verbs with can, could, or be able to. I can see much better when I'm wearing my glasses. || Icould smell the smoke, but | couldn't see the fire. || Iwould love to be able to hear as well as | could when I was ‘younger. Continuous forms We rarely use verbs with stative meanings in continuous forms | ‘When they are used in continuous forms, the meanings usually | change and they become dynamic. 1'm seeing the car over there. x 1'm seeing the doctor tomorrow about my back. ¥ (meaning = meeting) 1’'m feeling your hand on my shoulder. x 'm feeling much better today. ¥ (meaning = talking about your state of health) Vm smelling gas. x He's smelling her new perfume. (meaning = investigating) {'m tasting too much salt in this dish. x They're tasting the dessert to see if they like it. (meaning = testing) 1'm hearing beautiful music coming from the apartment upstairs. x She's been hearing good reports about his work. (meaning = being told about something)Pet Psychology Discussion Work in small groups and discuss these questions: 8) Have you ever had a pet? What was it? What was its name? b) What's the most unusual pet you've heard of? Why do you think people keep such animals? ©) Do you think pets serve a usetul function? Ir so, what? 4) Do you think people get too attached to their pets? Reading 1 Matrh the problems to the definitions a) nervous breakdown 1 hostile action taken toward trespassers b) addiction 2 the condition of doing or consuming something habitually and being unable to give it up ©) separation anxiety 3a loss of mental health and strength @) phobia 4a state of uneasiness brought about by the absence of a person or thing ©) territorial aggression 5. an irrational fear or hatred of something 2 Read this pet case history and decide which of the problems above Willy was suffering, fom. TheCanine The day Mr. X took delivery of his new van Speechless, Mr, X_ rushed toward his, was the day his dog decided to start ott om a new career, Previously a docile creature Willy the crossbred terrier turned into Lex 5 Flex, the Canine Cruncher, in the time it took his owner to eat a three-course meal Having left his trusty companion to keep an eye on the sporty new van, Mr. X returned ftom lunch to find that his new 1 mode of transportation hal been completely remodeled. What had been a sturdy dependable method of delivering frozen foxes around downtown would now not have looked out of place by a beach on a 1 hot summer's day. The roof had been torn back as if with a can opener, an air conditioning system had been thoughtfully provided by the removal af the windshiel, and the seats had been given a new look 20 that might have been described! as “ripped Exhausted by all his hard was taking, @ nap when his and tattered! work, Wil owner reappeared 2s hound with his arms outstretched, Waking up with a start, Willy sat up to greet his barked with excigement However, being a modest sort of dog and not thinking it necessary for his devoted yoowner to thank him s0 profusely, he bounded through the shattered windshield and took off down the street. Mr: X's voive ‘could be heard fading into the distance behind him as he raced away, Overcome ss with emotion, the yan owner returned (0 survey the full extent of the new design These days its not unoommon to see Mr. X driving around the streets of the ity looking for his absent friend. Numbed by so the efficiency of his new air-conditioning, system, be’ often spotted scouring the under the protection of a warm blanket. Rumor bas it that he's going to send Willy awa 4 special dog camp when they are reunited, just as a small token of his appreciation streets between deliveries, toa 3° Work with a partner and discuss the meanings of these expressions. a) a docile creature (line 3) d)_ Rumor has it (lines 43) b) ripped and tattered (lines 20-21) _e) a small token of his appreciation (lines 46) ©) anap (line 22) The text contains a lot of descriptive language. However, the actual events of the story can be summarized in a few sentences. Write as short a factual account of the story as 59Close-up Participial 1 Without looking back, make three sentences from the text, using one clause from each clauses: column, tole an oye one Sporty sew van, i ys ve iy lo _-.2-_Look back at the text and check your answers. (Geoape eterenca 564) See Eeeae Look at your answers to I and answer these questions: 1a) Find the participial clause in each sentence. Which contains a ‘+ present participle? * past participle?» perfect participle? b) What is the subject of each participial clause? ‘) Where is the subject of each participial clause? 4. Look at this pair of sentences and answer the questions. ‘A. Exhausted by all his hard work, Willy was taking a nap when.. B Willy was exhausted by all his hard work, so he was taking a nap when . a) Which sentence, A or B, is more likely to be spoken? Which was used in the text? Look back and check. b) What has been aclded to B to replace the participial clause? 5 _ Rewrite these sentences, using participial clauses. a) When I graduated from college, I took a year off to travel and give myself time to decide what to do next. b) After my last English exam, I went straight to bed because I was totally exhausted. ©) Because I live by myself, I don’t reelly do a lot of cooking, dd) Thave a large car, so I'm often the driver when T go out with friends. ‘e) Like to spend the weekends relaxing because I'm tired after a long week at work. 6 Are any of these sentences true for anyone in your class? 7 Work with a partner. Look at the following, sentences and add not where necessary. a) Wanting to offend people, they decided to extend the guestlist to include both, family and friends. b)_ Discouraged by the long climb ahead of them, they set off at dawn, chatting happily ©) Having completed the form, she sent it with a photograph to the address below. 4) Jean has a clear grasp of the grammar, but having spoken English in years, he lacks confidence in conversation, ‘) Knowing that arriving on time would make a very bad impression, he left with plenty of time to spare, {Relieved at hearing that she had passed, Sandra immediately called her parents. 8 What do you notice about the position of not in the sentences in 72 9 Rephrase your answers to 7 without using participial clauses. You may need to add linking words. For example: They didn’t roant to offend people, so they decided to extend the guestlist fo include both family and friends,Language Reference: Participial clauses Participial clauses do not include a subject or linking words. You can form them with a Present participle Being a little shy, he chose not to speak in front of everybody. ‘ot having a lot of time, they decided to take a taxi In these cases, the participle is substituting for the subject and a different form of the verb: Because he was a little shy, he chose not to speak in front of everybody. Because they didn’t have a lot of time, they decided to take a tay. Past participle Woken by a noise, James called the police. ‘Not taken in by his charm, she refused his offer of dinner. In these cases, the participle is substituting for the subject and the verb be: James was woken by 2 noise, so he called the police. Mind Expressions 1 with mind ‘She wasn’t taken in by his charm, so she refused his offer of dinner. Perfect participle Not having understood the question, she failed to answer it correctly. Having mixed the chemicals together, we observed the reaction, In these cases, the perfect participle is substituting for the subject and a verb in the past perfect. Because she hadn't understood the question, she failed to answer it correctly. After we had mixed the chemicals together, we observed the reaction, Note: Participial clauses are often used to avoid repetition and to shorten complex sentences. They are more commonly found in written language, such as narratives, reports, and essays. Look at the expression in bold in each sentence. Is mind a verb or a noun in each one? a) Oh, don’t mind me; 'll be fine here by myself. b) They pay really well. Mind you, they can afford it ©) Don't worry, we'll igure it out somehow. Something will come to mind, )_Jen invited me to go on vacation with her, but I'm of two minds about it. ©) What annoys me about him is the fact that he keeps changing his mind all the time. f) Stop wasting time; make up your mind! g) Never mind! I’m sure you'll do much better next time, h)_ Do you mind if I open the window? i) Don’t worry about what other people think; just speak your mind! j) Bear in mind that you're not as young as you used to be! 2. Match each expression in 1 with one of these meaings 1 Say what you honestly think 2 On the other hand 3 You'll think of an idea 4° Don't worry 5 Tean't decide 6 Would it bother you 7 Don’t forget 8 Don't worry about 9 Altering his opinion 10 Make a decision 3. Doyou know any other expressions with mind? 4. Work with a partner. Discuss these qu a) When was the last time you were of two minds about something? b) Do you mind if people smoke in restaurants? ©) When was the last time you spoke your mind? Did you offend anyone?Word linking 1. E58 32 Listen toa conversation among three people, Where are they? Who do you think the boss is? Why? 2. Look at these sentences from the conversation. Complete them with expressions ing, mind, a) ot le miata! athing | need to dscuss with Pete b) U ha 2 if smoke ° prised. That's what we get for__ to the lent right? 3 Listen again and check your answers. 4 Look at the following phrases, How do the speakers pronounce the underlined sections? Practice saying the phrases. Would you mind — Do you mind 5 Work with a partner and discuss the following questions. Think carefully about the pronunciation of the underlined sections. a) Did you b) Doyou p ©) Do you mind if people keep you waitin, d) Would you mind if someone borrowed something of yours without asking? ©) Did you go anywhere on vacation last year? 1) What would you da if you won a lot of money in the lottery? anything special last night? fer tea or coffee? g) Doyou go to the movies a lot, or do you prefer to rent videos? h) How would you react if your parents told you they were going to live abroad? I'm Going Slightly Mad 1. Look at the pictures. There's something going wrong in each one. What is it Queen which they are mentioned is im 3_Listen again, What other images and metaphors are used to describe the singer’s state of Going Slightly Mad mind? Look at tapescript 33 on page 150 if you need help. 4. What do you know about Freddie Mereury? Why do you think he wrote this song?z Beas Counting on the Money Compact Case A woman, (1) ebeeseed with Dracula and vampires | A Midlands police force is seeking a make-up atist to since she was a child, has set up a company } make volunteers (7) in polie lineups lok more importing coins fom Transylvania ke the suspected criminals High and Dry Whole fa One Emergency staff ata hospital treated man last week | A man (@) his wife toa bingo game in order to afte he inkaled fumes fom his socks, (@)__ while | stop her from complaining about the amount of gol ‘tying infront of an electric heater: he plays won $200,000! Stolen Moments, Flower Power ‘Women (1) __ french fries from their partners! | A florists ofering bunches of dead rses (Q) Plates are the most common cause of arguments | black paper for jilted lovers to send to their former between couples (6) __, according toarevent poll, | pariners isis Point Deeply in Love The sker at a meeting in Plymouth last | A couple (10) while learning to scuba dive night had to abandon his talk, () "How to Cope | married in a tank fall of tropical fish in a Crisis” when he was called home because his Relative and 1 The stories above are all taken from newspapers. Complete each relative or participial participial clause by adding a verb from the box in the correct form, You may also need to add a clauses relative pronoun, The first two have been done for you. import catch fire entitle eat out steal take part ebsess wrap accompany me. 2 One of the stories is not true. Which one is it? Check your answer on page 132. Verb forms Complete the newspaper story by putting the verbs in parentheses into the correct form SUL wea young groom-tn-be with a phobia of snakes (I) woke plastic, certainly not poisonous, and (15) (pt) wedding 2) __ ind) there by frends as jake after the bachelor pa bout inches Clearly shaken a week later and stil (16) no 2k) to his friends since his ordeal, Me, Sanders oath his room and his body covered in snakes Jang. Mike Sanders, 22, who (9) (marry) at 2fceck hat afternoon, was so terrified that he (4)___(canfnot/ (17) (ell reporters, “Snakes (18) alwaysbe) move) or even @) —_(call for help, 6) helieve) my biggest fear ever since Iwasa child My so-called weslightesttwitch ()__esut) in is immediate friends were well aware that (19) (notin it ‘death. (6) (ie) in his bd, and despite the frantic in the slightest it funny. 20) (not! think) I ‘knocking of his bride onthe door, he @)___ (main) 21) _ever?be able) (22) __~ forgive ther, motionless as the our of his weeding (came) (notibe) for his friends’ misplaced and (11) (go) He 12) eventuallyrescue) sense of fun, Mi and Mrs. Sanders (21) (today when police officers (13) break into) his hose, celebrate) one week as husband and wil The sory (14) eore) out that the snakes were6a Words of Wisdom Negative and —1_Join the two parts of each of these famous quotes. The first one has been done for you. penn) 1 Time is like a river made up of events. a) _to such great account. alii No sooner does anything appese 1) do have the true feeling of myst 2 Not until it is too late ©) does one recognize the really 3. Only when Iam unbearably unhappy important moments in one’s life. 4 Not only should justice be done, d) todo so much 5 Never before have we had so litle time “ e) than itis swept away and something 6 Notonly is the universe queerer ‘else comes into its place. than we suppose, 8) butit should manifestly and 7 Never has a man tured so little undoubtedly be seen to be done. knowledge 2) he did not suffer them at all 8 Not only did he not suffer fools gladly, _-h)_ but querer than we can suppose 2 Match the quotes with the people below. Check your answers on page 134 a) Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus philosophizing about change. Quote 1 b) USS. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in a speech to Congress in 1941 ©) Former Lord Chief Justice of the United Kingdom, Gordon Hewitt 4). British geneticist J. B.S. Haldane contemplating extraterrestrial life e) Anonymous: about U.S. Statesman Dean Acheson )Dramatist and poet T.S. Elliot talking about Shakespeare 18) Crime writer Agatha Christie reflecting on her life h) Czech novelist Franz Kafka baring his soul 3 Are there any other well-known words of wisdom or famous quotes that you like? Discussion Bingo 1 You are going to play a game of bingo. Follow the rules below. {really wish.. ee There is no doubt that... People wil always... Only when... 2 Choose a different card and a different topic and play again.Position of adverbials Phrasal verbs All Change 1 Work with a partner and read each pair of sentences. Explain the difference in meaning between them, a) b) 4) h) A don’t really want to go. Ireally don’t want to go. I think John has only his phone number I think only John has his phone number. I'ma hundred percent certain she’s not going. I'm not a hundred percent certain she’s going. Idid my work quickly and got ready to go out. Idid my work and quickly got ready to go out really like your T-shirt like your T-shirt, really Tnever knew you'd been there. I knew you'd never been there. Personally, [ don’t think he'll apologize. I don't think he'll apologize personally. For a moment, I didn’t believe him, I didn’t believe him for a moment. I'm sure he'll still be here in the morning. I'm still sure he'll be here in the morning. Just Sam and I went for a drink. Sam and I just went for a drink. 2 B34 Liston to ten short dialogues that correspond to the paits of sentences in 1. Is the second speaker’s comment closer in meaning to sentence A or B in each dialogue? 3) Work with a partner, Write some similar dialogues and sentences of your own. 4. Work in small groups and read your dialogues and sentences. Ask the other members of your group to guess which of the two sentences is closer in meaning to the dialogue. Ready, Set, Go! 11 Find nine more phrasal verbs in the grid below: The verbs go>, arid &. r R 44 rx eroasg 2 Choose four of the verbs and write three sentences for each one, Tr other students in the class until you have one for each verb, nm zeRn ooKINTOHR Ss} Kort. eur el MIRIEIIA kK 0 F Fc NVBLQ04GO EK RK NMBEE m| DONC ry fom 1 © E Cra so? RN No P| Aut doc ww wira Kun Ku Zia @ NS) Pr 6 + LipTrHRoOUGH ide sentences withGreetings from Down Under General 1 Read Juliette's e-mail to her friends and correct her mistakes. There are at least twenty review mistakes, 66 From; Juliette Subject: Australia D Attachments: Picture of Sydney Harbor Dear al Bince it was 0 long since I'vo witton, | thought it was time I dropped all you a line or tun from nnt-snesuinny Australia The weather has gotten really awful here unfortunately in Sydney over the last few days. | think summer is finally over! Never mind it, it'l give me the chance to do all the things I've been putting off while I've been lying on the beach tak: ing it easy! Life here is great—I've just found a job whieh is working in a café little and friendly near the harbor. Actually, Lena, it's the place recommended your friend. It only is a few hours each week, but the pay is good, and there are working there some great people. The most of them are also traveling around the world like me. In fact, a few days ago | met someone thinking he met you all in Vietnam. Do you remember an English guy called Kim? He Says it was somewhere in the mountains—he told me the name, but | can’t remember it. Anyway, I'm here in Australia for almost a month now. As you know, Marcella decided to for a while stay in Thailand ‘with Yuichi. They seem totally in love! He Is really nice. I'm sure Marcella has told you all about it by now! Anyway, ‘was really glad to stop moving after all the buses, trains, and planes | was taking to get here from Bangkok. Well, | Say "moving"! Often the buses would stop in some remote town or village for what was feeling like hours! Nobody got off the bus in case it suddenly left without them. At the time I wished | flew here, but looking back, it was an exper fence! Consequently, | spent when | first arrived a few days relaxing and wandering around the city, and then | went on 8 trip along the coast for a couple of weeks before going to the Blue Mountains for few days. The mountains, which aren't that far from Sydney, absolutely are incredible—very beautiful and peaceful So, what about all of you? You must e-mail me back and let me know all the gossip back home. Miguel and Virginia, how's the new house? And how are you two, Lena and Stefan? By the way, afe you hearing the new Superhead CD yet? If not, you should check out it—it's amazing! You first met at their concert, didn't you? Well Il finish now—I have to ga work at the café. | miss you all lots—if only you are all here with me. Now that I've stopped traveling around for a while, I'll write more often—I promise! Hope you like the picture! Write back soon. Lots of love, Juliette xo poe Saal 2. Write a letter or an e-mail to a friend, telling him/her your news. BEE wieThe Word Game Vocabulary ‘4 ~ Talk about a person who has influenced you in Houlda't get alk about what ‘Talk about your _ you would do if you | favorite sma | Te ra | taste, and soune. rere ‘won the lottery. | 4 J tid tke Tella joke! it.I thought it was. in vey taste ray : j Te The boys “Talk about an early | Het sinor sig / ‘memory. oe. fora before out polis ar metre — something 5 Sere 2 4) Yet 29) gat nk a they their Tak abut your teat, cn ma ict to ravel ae ne Be araund the city Talk about your favorite olty | chocolate? She can't get enough of it How about lunch? Please in Friday at noon, Ws never a ‘good idea to up your feelings. Pay in smal groups. You wil needa die and counters. The fst player rls the de and moves along ‘the board from the Stat, according tothe number onthe ei. The player completes the tsk onthe square ha/she lands on. if the playris successful, he/she can play in the next round, Inet he/she misses the next turn. The winner isthe fist player to reach the Fins. There are four types of task: 1 Talk about something fr tity seconds without stoppingCyberspace Put each item in the box into one of the following categories: a) gadgets that will never be invented in your lifetime b) gadgets you have ©) gadgets you'd like to have d) gadgets you will never need cell phone linkup to Internet helibike TV. videogame console (e.g,, PlayStation’) miniature TV screens in wrap-around sunglasses handheld computer relaxation cocoon portable CD player fully programmable housework robot electronic shoeshine voice-operated car external memory boost for your bra transparent bodysuit for safer sunbathing wrist phone with visual display unit lan microchip implanted directly in the brain automatic ice-cream maker ergonuinic olive chain will builtin massage function 2. Compare your answers with a partner and add two more items to-each category. P s Future Perfect 11 Work with a partner and discuss these questions: a) What do you know about Stephen Hawking? b)_ Have you ever read any of his books? 2. Read the information about Stephen Hawking on page 139. Does it incluce any facts that you didn’t already know? BRIEF 3 You are going to read an interview with Stephen Hawking in which he is asked to HISTORY >redict the future of humankind in the third millennium. Before you read the text, work OF TIM with a partner and make your own predictions about the following: a) making contact with an intelligent life form from another pl b) developments in computer technology ©) genetic eny Sean } 4) developments in human intelligence and knowledge HAWKING P 8 . net ineering on plants, animals, and humans 68 Cybersp4. Read the article and find out what Stephen Hawking’s predlictions for the areas in 3 are A Brief History of the Future Will we colonize the universe? Are aliens out there? Can computers outsmart Boe : us? In a unique interview, Professor Stephen Hawking, who has spent a lifetime applying his formidable intellect to the big questions, gives Nigel Tye come here—to Cambridge University’s Departinent of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, where Hawking, holds the professorial chair once held by Isaac Newton — millennium to asl him what he thinks the futw If the world’s population continues to grow at its present rate doubling every 40 years— there ist going to be enough room for us lon Earth by the year 2600, So will we, [ask be able to spread out to other planets? His hands go into action. The only sounds in the room are the clickingrof the pressure pads and the whirsing of the computer. The electronic voice delivers the answer five minutes later ‘We shall probably manage a manned o should T say, personed, flight to Mars in the next century.” Hawking says. "But Earth is by far the most favored planet in the solar system, Mars is small, cold, and without much atmosphere, and the other planets are quite unsuitable for human beings. We have to «ther learn to live in space stations or travel the next star, We won't do that in the next the turn of the has in store forthe ask whether we humans will keep on changing or will eventually reach an ultimate level of development and knowledge. Click ick click, “In the next 100 years or even in the next twenty, we may discover a complete theory of the basic laws of the universe (the so-called Theory of Everything, in whieh quantum theory vs ued with kinstems theory of general relat, but here will be no limit to the complexity of biological ar electronic systems we can build under these laws. T'm just about to ask a supplementary question when the hands tart up again, A few minutes pass before Hawking adds, "By far the most complex systems we have are our own bodies. There haven't » been any significant changes in human DNA in the past 10,000 years But soon we will beable to increase the complexity of our internal record, our DNA, without having to wait for the slow process of biological evolution. Iti likely that we will be able to redesign it completly in the next 1,000 years-—by increasing our brain size, for example, Of course, many will say genetic engineering on humans will be banned, bu I rather doubt that they will be able to prevent it. Genetic engineering on plants and animals will be allowed for economic reasons, and someone i$ bound to try it on humans lunless we have a totalitarian world order, someone will improve « humans somewhere Farndale his predictions for the human race. ‘We need to became more cumplex if biological systems are to keep ahead of electronic ones. At the moment, computers have an advantage of speed, but they shew mo sign of intelligence. This is not surprising 2s our present computers are less complex than the prain of an earthworm, a species not known for its intellectual powers But computes’ speed and complexity double every eighteen ‘months, and ¢his will probably continue until computers have a similar complexity tothe human brain st will computers ever show true intelligence, whatever that might be? “It seems to me that if very ‘complicated chemical molecules can operat in humans to make them intelligent, then equally ‘complicated electronic circuits ean also make ‘computers act in an intelligent way. And if they are intelligent, they can presumably « design computers that have intelligence and complexity ‘On the biological side, the limit of human inteligence has been set by the size of the human brain that will pass thraygh the birth 6 canal” Hawking says. “Having watched my three children being born, {know how dificlt it is to get the head out, But in the next 100 years Lexpect we will learn how to grow babies ‘outside the human bosly so ths limitation will 0 be removed. But ultimately, increases in the size of the human brain through genetic engineering will come up ‘against the problem that the chemical messages respansibe for aur ‘mental activity are réarively slow-moving —so further iereases the complexity of the brain will be at the expense of speed. We can » De quick-witted or very intelligent, but not bath Ws time to ask the big one: Will we make contact with liens inthe ‘ext millennium? He smiles. His fingers click the pressure pads. The answer comes seven minutes later, “Even if life developed in othe stellar systems, the chances of catching it ata recognizably human Stage are very smmll, Any alien life we encounter will be much more primitive or much more advanced than we are, And if it's more advanced, why hasn't it spread through the galaxy and visited Barth? It could be that there §s an advanced race out there which is aware of ur existence but is leaving us to stew in our oxn primitive juices, However, I doubt they would be so considerate toa lower life form. Some people believe thar the reason we have not been contacted is that when a civilization reaches our stage of development, it becomes unstable and destroys itself. But Fm an optimist. I think we have a good chance of avoiding nuclear war and Armageddon.” Net! greater 5 Work with a partner and answer these questions: a) Does anything Stephen Hawking says surprise you? b) Do any of his predictions scare you? ©) What would you like to know about the future? Ask your partner what he/she thinks might happen. Cyberspac Set70 Vocabulary Will for predictions and assumptions Language Reference p. 72) 11 Look at these excerpts from the text. Use prepositions to complete the sentences. a) Tvecome here...at the turn ___ the millennium to ask him what he thinks the future /tas in store ____ the human race. (lines 1-5) b) there isn’t going to be enough room for us all on Earth the year 2600. (lines 7-8) ©) ~..there will be 10 limit ___the complexity of biological or electronic systems. {lines 30-31) d) ___ far the most complex systems we have are our own bodies. (lines 33-34) e) Genetic engineering on plants and animals will be allowed ____ economic reasons ies 42-43) 8 Weneed to hecome more complex if biological systems are fo keep ahead —_ electronic ones. (lines 4647) 8) ...genetic engineering will come up the problem that the chemical messages responsible for our mental activity are relatively slow-moving—so further increases in the complexity of the brain will be the expense __speed. (lines 72-75) h) [think we have a good chance avoiding nuclear war .. (lines 89-90) 2 Check your answers with the text 3 Use the expressions in italics and the prepositions from 1 to complete these sentences. a) Younger people who are coming into my company are far more computer iterate than Tam, and it takes a lot of time and energy _— them in the promotion stakes b) There have been few significant changes in my lifestyle since ___ the century. ©) __ urgent problem facing our cities is pollution from automobiles, 4) People bor in the 2ist century will ___ living to be a hundred. ©) Once I've mastered! English, there'll be the job opportunities that open up for me! {) Thave exams coming up soon, and I know pretty well what the near future __ me. —lots of studying! 3) —_ 2020, more than half the population will be over 60 h)_ Investment in computer technology has been ___ thousands of local jobs. 3) I've been job hunting for a long time now, and [often the “no experience, no job” trap which is so hard to get out of j) I'm studying English __. I'm sure it'll help me get a better job. 4 Compare your answers with a partner: Ate any of the sentences true for you or your country? Close-up 11 Work with a partner: Look at the predictions (1-7) below that were made in the text and find examples of the following verb patterns: a). will + simple form of the verb b) will + continuous ©) will + perfect 4) will + simple passive ©) will + perfect passive 1 By the end of this century, we will have landed a spaceship on Mars 2 We won't colonize Mars because it is much less hospitable than Earth 3 Ina hundred years, we will be producing babies outside the womb. 4 We won't be contacted by aliens. 5 Genetic engineering on humans won't be banned this century: 6 By the end of the millennium, techniques will have been developed to redesign human DNA. 7 The development of computers will continue until they are more intelligent than humans, 2) What are the differences in meaning among the five verb forms? Cyberspace3 Add the adverb prolably to each of the predictions in 1. What do you notice about the position of probably? 4 Complete each of the following sentences, using will /will be/will have;/will have been and the appropriate form of the verb in parentheses. a) By this time next week, I___ (take) five exams b) I (probably not go) to the movies next week ©) My dinner ___ (cook) by the time I get home tonight. d)_ Things are very busy at work now, so I ___ (probably ask) to put in some overtime sometime over the next week or $6. ©) This time tomorrow, |___(sit) on a plane on my way to New York. ) Limagine 1___ (probably have) my first child by the time I’m thirty. 3) My suit (probably clean) by now, so I can pick it up from the dry cleaners. 5 Change the sentences so that they are true for you. Compare your sentences with a partner. 6 Read the following assumptions about your English. Are they true for you? Compare your answers with a partner. Now that you are at an advanced speaker with a strong regional your spare time. You will possibly level, you probably will have been accent will sometimes give you some also have read a few novels or short studying for several years. You'll feel trouble, You'll have been using stories. Maybe you'll have made fairly confident in being able to get movies and television to give you English-speaking penpals or cyber ‘your point aeross in most situations practice in listening, and no doubt pals, and possibly you will have and won't have any problems talking you will have bought magazines and been invited to spend a vacation to native speakers However, anative newspapers in English toread in with them, 7 Look at the uses of will in 6, above. In each case, what time is referred fo: past, present, future, ora combination of times? 8 Make assumptions and prodi expressions in the boxes below. ions about your partner, using the verb phrases and time For example: Mavia will probably haew had something to oat bufore coming to elas She'll probably be tired after a tong day. She probably won't have done her homework, She'll probably have gotien married by this time next year. She'l probably be going ow vacation with her parents sometime soon. Verb phrases have something to eat got married pass a driving test have children getanew job buy anew house wina sports competition be tired meet someone famous goon vacation win the lottery take an exam make some new friends — do homework Time expressions before coming to class as soon ashe/she gets home sometime soon never last summer by this time next year at some point during his/her life yesterday sometime during the last year or so after a long day 9 Show your sentences to your partner and see what he/she think. Wete your assumptions correct? Was your partner happy about your predictions?Language Reference: will for predictio We can use will to show you are making a prediction. (in the future) Computers will be more intelligent than humans. We can also use it to make assumptions about the present or ‘even the past. (in the past) You will have learned a lot of grammatical structures. All the following structures are possible: will + simple form of the verb Future: Genetic engineering won't be banned this century. Present: You'll be totally confident about using English on the phone by now. will + continuous Future: We'll all be working from home by the end of the next century. Present: You'll be reading this with a partner or studying it at hore on your oven. Future Worlds 1 the end of the 21st century: Choose PUR eng UC eC lad ns and assumptions will + perfect/ perfect continuous Future: Men will have been sent to Mars by the end of the nent century Present/Past:You'l have studied English for quite @ number of years, | imagine. You'll have been studying in clas and at home on your owr Past: You'll have taken a vacation in an English-speaking country, will + probably Notice the position of probably in affirmative and negative sentences: usually after will in affirmative sentences but before won't in negative sentences. They'll probably want to stay for dinner. They probably won't want to stay for dinner. We'll probably be living in space stations. We probably won't be living in space stations. He'll probably have eaten already. He probably won't have eaten already. Work in small groups. You are going to make predictions about the state of the world at ‘one of the paits of topics below to discuss in depth, PCR Clete © Wil people stil be working an average 40 @ Will people be living longer? if yes, now @ What wil people be doing in their spare + hours a week? if no, will they be working ‘much longer? Will we have found the ‘il they have more or less spare tine? ‘more or less? ‘secret to eternal if? (© Wil thoy still be doing the kinds of leis {© Will tre majority of peaple be working from @ Will we have found cures for cancer and activities we do today? home? What kind of work wil they be able other lfesiveatening diseases? What © Wil there be new kinds of sports or 10 do from home? ‘ther health problems will have arisen? hobbies? © Wil there be more of ess unemployment? @ Will society become more violent and (© Wil we be able to go.on virtual vactio What new industries will gow and dlangerous? Will the gap between rich end _without leaving our hommes? sevelop? poor narrow or increase? {© Wil people contin to travel around t © Wil telephone cables have become © Wil people become less sociable? Wil it world, oF will there be speciatpurpose ‘obsolete with everybody using cell phones, ‘become more difficult to meet new ‘vacation complexes in each town, offe ‘oF will some other form of communication people? ‘tropical microclimates and artifical to. have taken over? (© Weil tne family unit stl exist? attractions? © What other changes will there be? ‘mat other changes wil take place? (© What other changes do you envisage? (SR 2 2 topics you have chosen. Cyberspace Choose a secretary who will take notes on your discussion. Discuss the questions for thePNT HEY 3 Prepare to report back to the class on your discussion. Structuring the presentation Fist ofall we'l look Foetal giving a presentatio Reaneaa @ Give your listeners a brief o your presentation at the beginning so they know what a) Appoint a spokesperson, b) Help the spokesperson prepare a presentation of your ideas, Read the tips in the box. Can you think of any other useful tips? Reporting on your aan your main points wil be. was some {@ Make brief notes on each section. Have the notes for each section on separate cards in front disagreement regardin ‘of you. Don't try to read your presentation—use the notes to remind you of the main Pe ene petal points only 2 ce nguauant 2s fares @ Don't rush. Pause to think and gather your thoughts i you need to. as {© Let your listeners know when you're moving on to a new point. ‘ {@ Spain that you will be allowing time for questions at the end (either at the end of each main ought that point or at the end of the whole presentation) so that you don’t have to deal with hing we fl su interruptions. put © Use the “playing for ime” phrases from the toolbox if someone asks you a cifficult question a, we agreed that ©) Your presentation should cover the following points Playing for time * an introduction of the topics you chose to discuss and an explanation of why Now thats a very you chose these topics ing questi + a brief outline of your discussion and any problems you encountered lad you brows that + a brief outline of your conclusions nt up * an opportunity for the discussion to be opened to the floor and questions asked ad you asked me a 4 Listen to the other groups reporting on their discussions. Whose vision of the future is a) the most realistic? 1b) the most optimistic? ©) the most pessimistic? Share your views with the class. Video Games: A New Art Form? 1. Work in small groups and discuss these questions a) Do you havea TY video game console? b). Ifyou do, what g you play? How many mes do hours a week do you spend playing on it? How Jong have you had it? ©) Ifyou don’t have one, have you ever tried one? Would you like to have one? Why/Why nat? Cyberspace RB74 Teigge 2 EB 35 You are going to hear an interview with Steven Poole, a British journalist who has written a book about video games. Work with a partner and write three or four questions you would like to ask him. Listen to the interview and see if your questions are answered 3) Work with your partner and discuss these questions: a) Were your questions answered? 1b) What did Steven Poole say about the following topics? 1 the comparison between video games and movies technological developments over the last 30 years or so the effect that violent games might have on children women and video games 4 Imagine you are a journalist preparing to write one of the following articles. Listen to the interview again and take notes which you think will be useful when you write the article, a) Video Games: Are They Polluting Our Minds? b) From TY Tennis to Tomb Raider: A History of Video Games ©) Video Games—Something for Everyone? 5 Compare your notes with another student who's going to write the same article as you. Did you take notes about the same things? Keep your notes to help you write your article later. Close-up Using 1._Look at these excerpts from the interview. The discourse markers have been taken out of discourse each one. Put them in the correct places in the text markers a) So why are video games so popular? Well they combine very fast-movi ll designed graphical images with very and music, (I) theyre nteractve, 0 the comp! 1d cificutis at very high speeds (2) ___ the video game isa much more challenging and invohing art for So in this sense Bue crucially 1b) The very early vdeo games ke Fong just took place on one screen. (3) the space in video games started to get large And then the big innovation took place inthe 90s hich was the invention of ful 3-D.(4) __ you started to control characters that explore fuly realized, solid 3-D ervironments. But then This meant chat 9 think that playing violent video games might be bad for chien, but I don thin that’s true. (5) _—_ le around the world play these games, and the vast majority of them are very peaceful people and never pic Jp a gun in real fe, The violence in video games after allis very crude cartoon violence. Now, (6) __ifasighty disturbed id plays these video games too much, then he might become more violent. (7) that sort of chic would become mo ‘lent if he watched a Sim or Istenad to a heavy-metal record) bue then ies true that after all its certainly erue chat 4). that’s not the ese in Jaan or America, where many more women have become interested in video games. (B)__ the idea that video gaming is an antisocial activity ie ne longer true at al (8) can you invite your friends round to your home 10 play a fourplayer game of Micro Machines, you can go to a bar and play games on networked PCs there Not only Also ) _... ot of people thought movies were mindes c pat cinema is an art form, and we ha Fm eis who can analze fim and enhance our enjoyment of them, and think inthe future this wil be true of video games aswell but now EU cyterspace(Language Reference p. 75 2 (E836 Compare your answers with a partner. Then listen and check. 3. Look at the discourse markers that were removed from the excerpts. Which of them a) highlight the difference between two things? b) add similar information to what's already been said? 9) draw conclusions? 4 Put the discourse markers in parentheses in the correct position in each sentence. a) Video games provide entertainment and the opportunity to make new friends. (also) b)_ Video games are the new movies. Much more money is spent on games now than on going to the movies. (afterall) ©) Most videu aise players are sven, Most gatties have beers marketed toward them, (but then i’s true that) 4) New technology allows games to have high-quality sound and images. It means that the player can interact with the characters and their surroundings. (but crucially) ©) Video games can be violent and could encourage children to act violently, but they are unlikely to be the only influence on their behavior. (50 in this sense) Son, you're just going to have to use your imagination and 5 Choose discourse markers from the box to complete the text below. pretend it’ @ video game, but now also aswell not only but more importantly as well as but then it's true that so in thissense this means that after all PANT ay Twenty-five years ag0 we relied mainly on TVs, radios, and stereo equipment to provide entertainment in our homes, (1) __ ther pve is quickly being taken ove by computers. (2) _ {do we use computers to lighten cur load at work, increasingly wear using computers for un (3)__. More and more home computers have accass to the Interne, (4) __ we can now acoess a huge range of activities in our homes, such as reading newspapers on sereen, shopping from home, (6)___ cownloading music and movies. Developments in fiberoptic cables and DVD videos and COs mean that we can now download entire albums or feature fs onto our computers, and soon video players and stereos could become totaly obsolete 6 What do you think about the ideas presented in the text? 7 Use at least tive ot the discourse markers you studied and the notes you macte trom the interview to write your article based on the interview with Steven Poole. Use about 200 words, Language Reference: Using discourse markers Discourse markers are used in both speech and writing to give your ideas a coherent structure and to help your listeners or readers follow what you want to say. We can use them to help explain a number of ideas. Here are some examples. Contrasting two ideas or things Computers are being used for entertainment, but more important, they have educational uses 2s well. in class Tommy is very well-behaved, but outside school he can be alittie monster Adding similar information ia you know that he can play the clarinet as well? She's also been involved in developing some new computer | sraphics programs Not only do they offer the best visual quality on the market, but their sound is probably the best you can get. Note: When you use Not only in the initial position as above, the verb that follows it needs to be inverted. (See Unit 3 page 29.) Drawing conclusions S50 in this sense video games can be considered to be a new art form This means that we can expect to ee a whole range of new {games appearing on the market Its true that more and more people are getting interested in video games. {After al, we are living in the computer age. Cyberspace76 a ») Network 4 Doyou use e-mail or the Internet? If you do, what do you use it for? Brainstorm as many uses as possible for both. If you don't, why not? 2 B37 Listen to four people talking about how they use e-mail and the Net. How many uses do they mention from your list? Do they mention any others? Do you identify with any of the speakers? Vocabulary 1 The excerpts below are taken from the first speaker's answer. Work with a partner and complete the sentences with words associated with computers and the Internet kind of start of (1) looking foe something speci. | might want some information en a particular on a particular subject, but | get carried away | get distracted, | end up looking at something completely unvelated ‘there are sorne realy ell really funky shopping (2) You ean pick op all kinds of different things ve (@) | think nearly all the all the kinds of sound (4) that you need. so | end up watching fim (5) on diferent products and getting kind of well, getting completely carried away. 2 E938 Listen and check your answers. 3° Match your answers to 1 with these definitions. a) The programs used to operate a computer. b) More formally known as navigating, this means to visit various sites on the Internet, usually moving from page to page using highlighted links. ©) Places on the Internet where companies or organizations display information about their products 4d). Short videos, designed to give you taste of a product and hopefully encourage you to buy it. @) If you have copied pages or programs from the Internet onto your own computer, you have done this, 4 Look at the words and phrases in the box. Would you associate each of them with e-mail, the Internet, or both? If there are any words you don’t know, find someone in the class who can explain them to you. server logon search engine hyperlink home page bookmark attachment” graphics online inbox chatroom newsgroup 5 Work witha partner, Choose three of the words from 3 and 4 and write definitions for them. Close your books and exchange your definitions with another pair of students Can you remember the terms? 6 What role does the computer play in your everyday life? Do you think it will be the same in ten years? Discuss your answers with a partner. HERES cy2erpcBig Brother Is Watching You! ere is a description of the world’s first truly interactive TV rogram, Big Brother. Read the description and then work with a partner and answer the questions that follow, a ee en ee ee A ae a eee ee ed COE eee ee ay GO uC ee ae ae ee a oe eee Ta eR am CeCe erty ‘microphones placed throughout the house. From the kitchen to th Deer rt De ce ere Cn en ea ompete against one another to eee ee ts en Cee aa ed Se r place in the hearts of the viewing public and h ve been offered modeling or acting contracts a) Hundreds of thousands of people applied to take part in the program. Why do you think they wanted to take part? Would you like to take part in a similar program? b) What do you think the contestants miss the most from the outside world? What would you miss the most? ©) The program has been watched by millions around the world. What do you th the secret of its popularity? Writing 1 Work with a partner. Look at the ad on the right and discuss what you think the producers are looking for in the ideal contestants Think coat persona uate paca ls et past experiences, and motivation for aking part armas 2 You are going to write letter of application from the ideal ONE HOUSE explain why you think you shuld eseleed ONE WINNER ter. We are making an b) Think about the points you discussed in 1 and consider etre crial wars of which aspect ofthe experience is going to be the most BIG BROTHER challenging for you. How will you rise to the challenge? allenging ea ftheichallena with prize money of ©) When you have finished writing the frst draft show it c $1,000,000 a partner and see if he ‘she can help you improve 3. Work in two groups. You are going to look at the applications Are you able to communicate from the other group and decide on one candidate to go on to wel in English and able to gue he next round of the selection process. ese edaeeenes a ote program? a) Before you look at the applications, decide within the Ho, send us eter teling u uup on your selection criteria wy you shouldbe chosen to b) Decide which candidate gives the best overall impression. te one af the housemates ©) When you have chosen the candidate, prepare to present sage your choice and to justify your decision, y Big Brother, PO Box 258, A 7‘And the youngest son, the 20-year-old, how old is he? ‘Doctor. before you performed the autopsy, did you check fora pulse? No, Did you check for blood pressure?” No. Did you check for breathing?” then is it possible thatthe patient began the autopsy’? Because his brain wat my desk in jar, ‘But could the patient have stil been alive, nevertheless? ‘its possible that he could have been alive and practicing law some Was it you or your younger brother who was killed in the war? say the stairs went down to the basement?’ ‘id they also go up?” ‘What were you doing atthe time of the murder?” ‘was watching football on TY, ‘Were you alone?” Yes, | was, ‘Who won the game? The Jets ‘Now, doctor, isn't it rue that when a parson divs in his sleep, he doesnt know about it unti the next morning?” Were you pr ture was taken?’ ent when your pi 1 Above are some excerpts from court cases. In each excerpt but one, a silly question is asked. Which excerpt does not include a silly question? 2 Which one did you find the most amusing? In the Courtroom Vocabulary 1 The words and phrases in the box are all connected to the theme of law. Work with a pariner and put each one under one of the headings below crimes punishments people al processes sue libel suspended sentence jury defendant contempt of cot judge counsel arson award damages community service manslaughter weigh the evidence fraud speeding witness reach a verdict _ plaintiff cross-examine lawyer solitary confinement attorney 2 Add another word or phrase to each category3 Use words and phrases from 1 to complete these sentences. a) What's the difference between the two? Well, slander is when you say something about someone and it isn’t true. _ is when you publish it, and that’s when people generally take action. b)_ If someone is on trial for murder, the press can’t refer to the person as “the murderer.” They have to say “__.” ©) You're guilty of ___ when you didn’t kill the victim deliberately a) You __ people if you want to claim money from them because they have harmed you in some way. ©) The jury has to listen to the case, ___, and then _ {)_A___ means that you don’t actually have to go to prison unless you commit another crime. g) __, _, and __ are three terms for a legal adviser, fh) ___ can be anything from teaching kids to play football to cutting the grass. Obviously, you're not paid to do this. 4 Choose three other words or phrases from 1 and write three incomplete sentences like the ones above. Give them to a partner to complete. 5 EB 39 Listen to three conversations, Which of the crimes in 1 are the speakers talking about? Test Yourself Paraphrasing 1 Look at the sentences below. Which of the three conversations from 5, above, does each one come from? a) The verdict we finally reached was unanimous—guilty. bb) That's a lesson I won't forget in a hurry! ©) The best person to ask is Fred Macintyre. d)_Itwas fascinating, seeing how a court works €) It’s been almost three weeks since they published the article 2 ‘There is always more than one way of saying something. Paraphrase the sentences in 1 starting with the words given a) We. bt ©) Fred Macintyre a) Seeing, e) They... 3. Compare your answers with a partner. Are there ny differences between your sentences? 4 Paraphrase these sentences, starting with the words given. a) A recent court case w. 1 Itwas 2 Wales b)_ On the witness stand was a Welshman who was accused of shoplifting, 1 AWelshman 2 Accused ©) Hewas defended by a Welsh lawyer. 1 Defending, 2. The lawyer. s held in Wales. d) Toward the end of the trial, the lawyer asked Mae'r erlynydd yn sais, mae'r eyfreithivr ya the judge if he could speak to the jury in Welsh. sais, mae'r Barnivr yn sais. Ond cyrro yati'r 1 "May I diffynydd, cymro yaw i a eymry ydych chi 2 The lawyer: Felly cyflawnwch eich dyletscoydd.