MECH 346 Heat Transfer: Solution to HW # 8( Bantwal R.

Baliga) 1

MECH 346 HEAT TRANSFER

H.W. # 8

Given: Friday, November 4, 2016; Recommended Completion Date: Monday, Nov. 14, 2016
Do not submit for grading
Note: Material needed for solving Problems # 3 and 4 will be covered by this coming Monday
Problem 1 (Graduate attributes: KB, PA, IN, and LL): A long,
straight, solid cylinder of square cross-section and side a = 0.06 m
is heated to a uniform temperature of 520 oC, and then exposed to a
cross-flow of a gas. The thermophysical properties of the solid
cylinder material are the following: kcyl = 1.062 W/m-oC;

cyl = 2000 kg/m3; and c p , cyl = 1000 J/kg-oC. Far from the cylinder,
the gas velocity and temperature are the following, respectively:
U = 10 m/s and T = 20 oC. The relevant thermophysical
properties of the gas remain essentially constant at the following
values: gas = 1 kg/m3; k gas = 0.025 W/m-oC; c p , gas = 1000 J/kg-oC;
and gas = 2.0 x 10 5 kg/m-s. Assume that the thermophysical
properties of the solid also remain essentially constant throughout,
and ignore radiation heat transfer. In addition, assume that the
average heat transfer coefficient applies uniformly over the surface
of the solid cylinder and it is given by
hav Lc
3
; C 0.246=
; m 0.588=
; Lc (2
Nuav 3=
CReLmc Pr1/ =
=
a 2 )0.5
k fluid

2a

(a)

After the initiation of the cooling process, how long will it take for the minimum
temperature in the solid cylinder to reach Tmin = 200 oC?

(b)

Calculate the time required after the initiation of the cooling process for the total heat loss
from the solid cylinder to reach 64% of its maximum value: that is, when
(Q / Qo ) =
0.64,
=
t ?
full solid

Problem 2 (Graduate attributes: KB, PA, IN, and LL): Consider forced convection from a slender

streamlined object maintained stationary in a uniform flow, as shown in the figure. The total
surface area of this object is As = 0.02 m2, and this surface is maintained at a constant
temperature of Tw = 75 oC, by mean of electrical heaters within the object. The fluid temperature
far from the object is also maintained constant at T = 25 oC. Experiments done on this object
yield the following data on the free-stream velocity, U, and the total rate of heat loss, qtotal, from
the object to the fluid (continued on the next page):

MECH 346 Heat Transfer: Solution to HW # 8( Bantwal R. Baliga) 2

Experimental data:
Run # 1: U = 5.0 m/s ; qtotal = 200 W
Run # 2: U = 24.02 m/s ; qtotal = 600 W
Assume: Nuav = C Re m Pr n , where Nuav = hav Lc / k fluid is the Nusselt number,
Re = ( U Lc / ) fluid is the Reynolds number , and Pr = ( c p / k ) fluid is the Prandtl number.

(a)
(b)
(c)

Calculate the values of the average heat transfer coefficient on the surface of object for
Runs # 1 and 2.
Calculate the total rate of heat loss from the object when U = 13.46 m/s.
The following fluid properties are known: = 1.0 kg/m3, c p = 1000 J/kg-oC, and
k = 0.025 W/m-oC. The total friction drag on the object in Run # 1 is 0.01 N. Calculate
the dynamic viscosity of the fluid. Hint: use the Chilton-Colburn analogy.

Problem 3 (Graduate attributes: KB, PA, IN, and LL): A stationary smooth flat plate is aligned with a
cross-flow of a fluid, as shown in the figure. The length of the plate in the flow direction is L = 1.0 m,
and its width is W = 1.0 m. The plate is maintained at a constant temperature of Tw = 50 oC by electrical
heating. Only the top surface of the plate is exposed to the fluid flow, and its bottom surface is very well
insulated. Radiation may be considered negligible. Experiments conducted on this plate yield the
following
data:
Run # 1:
Laminar flow throughout; U = 2 m/s;
o

T ,1 = 10 C; Dragtotal ,1 = 8.4 x 10

,1

N; and

qtotal loss ,1 = 168 W

Run # 2: U ,1 = ? m/s; T , 2 = 10 oC;

Dragtotal , 2 = 0.5854 N; and qtotal loss , 2 = 1170.8 W
(a)
(b)

What is the free-stream velocity in Run # 2? Hint: Use the Chilton-Colburn analogy.
Additional measurements yield the following fluid properties: = 1 kg/m3; c p = 1000 J/kg-oC.

(c)

Using Run # 1 data and the Blasius-Pohlhausen similarity solutions, determine the dynamic
viscosity, , and the thermal conductivity, k , of the fluid.
In Run # 2, what is the total rate of heat loss from the plate in the region 0.1 m x 1.0 m?

Problem 4 (Graduate attributes: KB, PA, IN, and LL): In an experiment, the surface of a
streamlined object is exposed to a uniform flow of a fluid, as shown schematically in the figure
below. The temperature of the fluid is maintained at a constant value of T = 27 oC throughout.
A heater embedded inside the object is used to maintain its surface temperature at various desired
uniform values. The total surface area of the object is Asurf = 1 m2, and its characteristic length in
the flow direction is Lc = 1 m. The following results are available from preliminary experiments.
Run # 1: U ,1 = 4 m/s; Dragtotal ,1 = 0.05 N
Run # 2: U , 2 = 9 m/s; Dragtotal , 2 = 0.16875 N

MECH 346 Heat Transfer: Solution to HW # 8( Bantwal R. Baliga) 3

The thermophysical properties of the fluid may be assumed to remain constant throughout at the
following values:

fluid = 1 kg/m3; k fluid = 0.02 W/m-oC; c p , fluid = 1000 J/kg-oC; and fluid = 2.0 x 10 5 kg/m-s
(a) Using the given data, propose a suitable correlation for the average heat transfer coefficient,
hav , over the entire surface of the object as a function of the free-stream velocity, U .
(b) Calculate the heater power required to maintain the surface temperature of the object at
Tw = 57 oC when the free-stream velocity of the fluid is U = 8 m/s.
Problem 5 (Graduate attributes: KB, PA, IN, and LL): Data from experiments on forced
convection heat transfer from a isothermal heated circular disk to a uniform flow normal to it
(see the schematic in the figure below) have yielded the following radial distribution of the local
Nusselt number:
n

hlocal , r D
r
U
Nulocal
=
= Nur =0 1 + a
k fluid
r

o
T
hlocal , r =0 D
Nur =0 = 0.814 Re1/D 2 Pr 0.36
=
k fluid
Tw = Constant
D = 2ro
"
qw fluid ,r
cp
rU D
ReD =
=
; Pr
; hlocal , r 3
k fluid
(Tw T )

In the first of these equations, both a and n are positive constants. Using these results, obtain an
expression for the corresponding average Nusselt number, Nuav , D hav D / k fluid . Here, the
average heat transfer coefficient is defined as follows: hav [qtotal , w fluid /( D 2 / 4)] /(Tw T ) .
Problem 6 (Graduate attributes: KB, PA, IN, and LL): Consider forced convection heat
transfer from a long heated cylinder in cross flow, as shown schematically in the figure below.
The cross-section of the cylinder is non-circular but uniform along its length.

The cylinder is maintained at a constant temperature of Tw = 200 oC by means of electrical

heating. The fluid temperature far from the cylinder is maintained constant at T = 20 oC.
Experiments on this heated cylinder yield the following data:
Run # 1:

U ,1 = 5 m/s ; qtotal ,1 = 350 W

Run # 2:

U , 2 = 45 m/s ; qtotal , 2 = 1300 W

Estimate the total rate of heat loss from the cylinder to the cross-flow when U = 25 m/s. State
your assumptions briefly.