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FM Mod Demod

This assignment simulates a frequency modulation (FM) communication system using Simulink. Students will create an FM signal by modulating a message signal onto a carrier, examine the spectrum of the modulated signal, and investigate how changing the input message to a square wave creates binary frequency shift keying (BFSK) digital modulation. The simulation models the baseband, modulation, and reconstruction stages of an FM system using blocks for signal generation, FM modulation/demodulation, filtering, and analysis of output. The lowpass filter after demodulation removes modulation products to recover the original message signal.

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Allanki Sanyasi Rao
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343 views4 pages

FM Mod Demod

This assignment simulates a frequency modulation (FM) communication system using Simulink. Students will create an FM signal by modulating a message signal onto a carrier, examine the spectrum of the modulated signal, and investigate how changing the input message to a square wave creates binary frequency shift keying (BFSK) digital modulation. The simulation models the baseband, modulation, and reconstruction stages of an FM system using blocks for signal generation, FM modulation/demodulation, filtering, and analysis of output. The lowpass filter after demodulation removes modulation products to recover the original message signal.

Uploaded by

Allanki Sanyasi Rao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment 1

Digital Communication Lab

Assignment 1
This assignment is an application on Simulink. It gives you the ability to simulate an
Analog communication system that uses frequency modulation (FM). It discusses the
bandwidth and the waveform of the message throughout baseband stage, modulation
stage and reconstruction stage.

Simulink and Frequency Modulation (FM):


The objective of this section is to increase the students familiarity with both simulink
and frequency modulation (FM) signals. Where we will do the following:

Create an FM signal by modulating a message signal onto a carrier.


Examine the spectrum of the modulated carrier.

Background:
Angle modulation is a process in which the angle of the modulating sinusoidal carrier
wave is varied according to the baseband signal. In this method of modulation, the
amplitude of the carrier wave is maintained constant. An important feature of angle
modulation is that it can provide better discrimination against noise and interference
than amplitude modulation. However, this improvement in performance is achieved at
the expense of increased transmission bandwidth; that is, angle modulation provides
us with a practical means of exchange channel bandwidth for improved noise
performance. Such a trade off is not possible with amplitude modulation, regardless of
its form.
The most commonly used methods to vary the angle of the carrier signal in
accordance to the message are phase modulation (PM) and frequency modulation
(FM). In our experiment we will consider FM. FM is that form of angle modulation in
which the instantaneous frequency fi(t) is varied linearly with the message signal m(t)
as shown by: fi(t)=fc+ Kf m(t) , where kf denotes a scaling factor, limiting the
maximum frequency deviation of signal
t

= kf f (t )

max

S (t ) A cos( c t k f m( )d )
0

As you know, from communications I class, the theoretical bandwidth of FM signals


is infinity. Anyway, we can approximate the BW of the FM signal using Carsons
rule, which is defined as
B.W .FM 2(f B.W .m(t ) )

where f is the peak frequency deviation.

Assignment 1

Digital Communication Lab

In this part you will benefit from the spectrum analyzer block in displaying the
frequency contents of the modulated signal and thus to estimate the signal bandwidth.

Assignment(1):
Design problem:
We intend to build a communication system that has the following design
specifications
Modulation type: Frequency modulation

Modulating signal: sine wave

Modulating frequency: 7.5 Hz


Carrier frequency: 75 Hz

Amplitude of modulating signal: 2Vpp


Amplitude of carrier signal: 2Vpp

Building Frequency Modulation (FM) Model


1. Start Simulink by typing simulink in the Matlab workspace.
2. Open a new model window (File New Model).
3. Create the following FM model.

Figure 1 FM communication system

4. Set the parameters of the different blocks as follows:


Signal generator
Waveform: Sine

Amplitude: 1

Frequency: 2.5

Units: Hertz

Select checkbox (interpret vector parameter as 1-D)


FM modulator passband
Carrier frequency: 75

Initial phase:0

Symbol time:

Symbol interval: Inf

0.001

FM demodulator Passband:

Modulation constant: 25

Assignment 1

Digital Communication Lab

Lowpass filter numerator:

[ 4.57

Lowpass filter denominator:

[1

9.14

4.57].* 0.01

-1.3108 0.4936]

Analog Filter design:


Desired method: Butterworth

Filter type: Lowpass

Filter order: 5

Passband edge frequency: 350

Spectrum Analyzer
Number of sample points: 512

Sample period: 0.001

Plotting period: 10
Simulation parameters
(Simulation simulation parameters), Select solver tab
a.
b.
c.
5.

Start time 0.0


Stop time 10
Type: fixed step
Ode5 (Dormand-price)
Fixed step size:0.001
Mode: Auto
Run the simulation and answer the following:

Use the scope to display the input signal and the modulated signal.
What is the purpose of the lowpass filter in our model?
Is the reconstructed signal (the signal at the demodulator output) the same as the
input signal?

Now if we change the input to a square wave, then the frequency of the carrier signal will
change back and forward between two different frequencies. This is a type of digital
modulation techniques called Binary Frequency Shift Keying (BFSK). In this method, the
symbol 1 and 0 are distinguished from each other by the frequency of the carrier (modulated)
signal. Here you are invited to simulate this system and don't worry about the details, later we
will study such a system in depth.

6. Change the input message from a sine wave to a square wave

Display the signal after the modulator stage in time domain.


Is the reconstructed signal (the signal at the demodulator output) the same as the
input signal?

Important notes about FM modulator and demodulator blocks:


Typically, an appropriate Carrier frequency value is much higher than the highest
frequency of the input signal. To avoid having to use a high carrier frequency and
consequently a high sampling rate, you can use baseband simulation (FM Modulator

Assignment 1

Digital Communication Lab

Baseband block) instead of passband simulation. By the Nyquist sampling theorem,


the reciprocal of the Sample time parameter must exceed twice the Carrier frequency
parameter.
In the course of demodulating, the block uses a filter whose transfer the lowpass filter
numerator describes function and Lowpass filter denominator parameters, which are
listed in order of descending powers of s

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