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Evolution of Microwave Capacity

Support for higher-order modulation is planned, but moving to higher-order modulation increases the requirements on the radio transmitter and receiver in terms of linearity and phase noise. Pre-distorting the signal at the transmit¬ter using digital signal processing can compensate for non-linearity, and phase noise can be reduced through careful design of the radio and modem. Moving from 4QAM to 1024QAM corresponds to a fivefold increase in capacity, which in the above example would correspond to a gross bit rate of 250Mbps (89bps/Hz).

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54 views1 page

Evolution of Microwave Capacity

Support for higher-order modulation is planned, but moving to higher-order modulation increases the requirements on the radio transmitter and receiver in terms of linearity and phase noise. Pre-distorting the signal at the transmit¬ter using digital signal processing can compensate for non-linearity, and phase noise can be reduced through careful design of the radio and modem. Moving from 4QAM to 1024QAM corresponds to a fivefold increase in capacity, which in the above example would correspond to a gross bit rate of 250Mbps (89bps/Hz).

Uploaded by

durgesh30
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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28MHz channel, corresponding to a spectral efficiency of 1.8bps/Hz.

Since then, the order of modulation


has been increased continuously, with 512QAM commercially available since mid- 20 10. In addition, a rate
of 1024QAM using commercial radios has been demonstrated in labs.
Support for higher-order modulation is planned, but moving to higher-order modulation increases the
requirements on the radio transmitter and receiver in terms of linearity and phase noise. Predistorting the signal at the transmitter using digital signal processing can compensate for nonlinearity, and phase noise can be reduced through careful design of the radio and modem. Moving from
4QAM to 1024QAM corresponds to a fivefold increase in capacity, which in the above example would
correspond to a gross bit rate of 250Mbps (89bps/Hz).
Increasing the gross bit rate to Gbps levels requires multiple carriers for 56MHz and narrower
channels. The next section includes a discussion about two multi-carrier techniques polarization
multiplexing and spatial multiplexing that enable multiple carriers to share the same channel, further
increasing spectral efficiency.
Polarization multiplexing
Polarization multiplexing is a method for doubling spectral efficiency on a single channel. This method
has been commercially available for point-to-point microwave links in the access network since mid2000. It involves two single-carrier radios transmitting on the same frequen cy channel but with
orthogonal polarizations (horizontal and vertical). Because the radios share the same carrier frequency, they can also share the same antenna.
Ideally, the two polarizations are completely isolated from each other. However, in practice, a small
portion of the signal in one polarization will leak into the other. This can occur due to rotational
misalignment between the antennas. In practice, it is difficult to achieve better isolation between the
two polarizations than 25dB. Certain weath er conditions, such as heavy rain, may further reduce the
level of isolation that can reasonably be achieved. However, by sharing the received signal between the
two modems, it is possible to cancel the interfering polarization using digital signal processing. This
technique is referred to as cross-polarization interference cancellation (XPIC).
Example 2A user has access to a single 56MHz channel between two nodes. Using 1024QAM and 50Mbaud, a gross bit
rate of 500Mbps can be transported per carrier or a gross bit rate of 1Gbps using polarization multiplexing.

Line-of-sight MIMO
MIMO is a well-known technology for increasing spectral efficiency in WiFi and RANs. An NxN MIMO system
comprises N transmitters and N receivers with the potential to simultaneously transmit N independent
signals. For example, a 22 MIMO system contains two transmitters and two receivers, and can
transport two independent signals, thus doubling the links capac ity. The basic principle of MIMO is that
a signal will use different paths between transmitters and receivers. In a 22 MIMO system, there are
two possible paths between one transmitter and two receivers, as shown in Figure 4. The interfering
signal can be cancelled if the difference in propagation between the two paths permits the two
received signals to be orthogonal to each other at the receiver modems 7-8. For a 22 system, this
corresponds to a relative phase difference of 90 degrees. In convention al MIMO systems, the difference
in path is achieved through reflexes in the environment. For microwave links, it is not possible to take
advantage of objects in the environment because these links, by definition, are operated in LoS mode
with highly directional antennas. In contrast, because the carrier
FIGURE 3 Evolution of spectral efficiency for microwave links 4QAM1024QAMSpectral shaping:~1.5 x
capacity per channel28MHz28MHzm-QAM modulation:log2m x capacity per channelPolarizationmultiplexing (XPIC)2
x capacity per channelN x N LoS MIMON x capacity per channel
ERICSSON REVIEW 1 2011

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