Special Operations Forces (SOF)

Support Ship
Ship Conversion Feasibility Study

Courtesy of www.globalsecurity.org

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Projects in Naval Ship Conversion Design, 13.413

Spring 2003

Bill Hardman, LCDR USN

Charalambos Soultatis, LT HN
Dianna Wolfson, LT USN

Executive Summary
This report describes the results of a high-level concept exploration conducted for the
21st Century Special Operations Forces Ship. The study began with a detailed examination of
the Sponsor Requirements and development of a Mission Need Statement. An initial design
sequence was performed with the goal of maximizing Overall Measure of Effectiveness
(OMOE) for minimum cost. The OMOE and cost of the ship were determined by applying
modified versions of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) OMOE and Cost
Models. After analyzing several possible variants using OMOE versus cost optimization
techniques, a single design was selected for further evaluation and refinement.
One of the driving factors was to be able to produce this and any follow-on ships at
relatively low cost. In order to do this, mature technologies were used, particularly in the area
of communications, berthing accommodations, and previous designs and arrangements were
emulated to exploit repeatability and to reduce cost. The Large, Medium-Speed, Roll-On/RollOff Ship (LMSR) was used as the starting point for the variant characteristics in an effort to
leverage on previous design efforts.
The Program of Ships Salvage and Engineering (POSSE) software package was used
to analyze a modified midship structural section and to perform intact and damaged stability
analyses. Finally, seakeeping of the design was analyzed using the Ship Wave Analysis
(SWAN) program. The ship design has undergone numerous changes since the study's
inception. The current design is extremely stable and meets all of the project engineering
constraints. The final baseline design meets current naval performance standards. According
to a weight-based cost model, the lead ship conversion cost estimate is $86.16 million. This
is within the threshold value of $90 million. The baseline design characteristics are provided
below:
SOF Ship Dimensions and Performance
LBP
Beam
Full Load Displacement
Full Load KG
Max speed

884 ft
106 ft
48,937 ltons
39.98 ft
24.0 knots

LOA
Full Load Draft
Light Ship Displacement
Light Ship KG
Endurance

951 ft
27.80 ft
37,681 ltons
45.57 ft
10,000+ nm @ 24 knots

Acknowledgements
This study was conducted for the Projects in Naval Ship Conversion Design course (13.413)
at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Mr. Michael Bosworth, Manager for Research
and Development at the Naval Sea Systems Command (SEA 05), served as the program sponsor and
provided the initial concept for the conversion project. The findings of the study, in this report,
describe the benefits, costs, and challenges associated with the conversion. The authors hope that this
study will contribute to the Navys pursuit of a Special Operations Forces platform.
Throughout the project, many individuals from several organizations provided invaluable
operational and technical assistance. The team acknowledges the contributions and advice from these
people with sincere appreciation.
Special Operations Command (SOCOM)
CAPT John S. Kamen
CAPT Kevin B. Lynch
CDR Peter J. Newton
Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC)
Mike Stedding
David Helgerson
Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA)
Michael Bosworth
Philip Sims
Mark Smith
LCDR Gregg Baumann
Military Sealift Command Headquarters (MSCHQ)
Rick Anderson
James Kent
Lincoln Labs Document Control
Chris Nentwig
National Science Foundation Research (ERC)

Table of Contents
1.0 MISSION NEED............................................................................................................................................ 8
1.0 MISSION NEED............................................................................................................................................ 8
1.1 Defense or National Guidance and Policy.................................................................................................. 8
1.2 Threat Analysis ........................................................................................................................................... 8
1.3 Current Capability Assessment................................................................................................................... 8
1.4 Capability Need .......................................................................................................................................... 9
1.5 Recommended Alternatives ......................................................................................................................... 9
2.0 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS AND PLAN................................................................................................. 10
2.1 Required Operational Capability.............................................................................................................. 10
2.2 Concept of Operations/Operational Scenarios ......................................................................................... 11
2.3 Constraints and Standards........................................................................................................................ 11
2.3.1 Constraints ........................................................................................................................................ 11
2.3.1.1 Design........................................................................................................................................ 11
2.3.1.2 Manning .................................................................................................................................... 12
2.3.2 Standards........................................................................................................................................... 12
2.4 Goals and Thresholds ............................................................................................................................... 13
2.5 Design Philosophy and Decision Matrix .................................................................................................. 13
3.0 CONCEPT EXPLORATION ..................................................................................................................... 15
3.1 Baseline Concept Design .......................................................................................................................... 15
3.2 Alternative Technologies and Systems ...................................................................................................... 16
3.3 Concept Ship Variants and Trade-Off Studies .......................................................................................... 16
3.4 Variant Assessment ................................................................................................................................... 18
3.5 Final Baseline Concept Design................................................................................................................. 19
4.0 FEASIBILITY STUDY AND ASSESSMENT .......................................................................................... 21
4.1 Design Definition...................................................................................................................................... 21
4.1.1 Ship Geometry .................................................................................................................................. 21
4.1.2 Combat Systems and Mission Payload ............................................................................................. 22
4.1.3 Propulsion, Electrical, and Auxiliary Systems .................................................................................. 24
4.1.4 Survivability and Signatures ............................................................................................................. 25
4.1.5 Manning ............................................................................................................................................ 25
4.1.6 Arrangements .................................................................................................................................... 25
4.1.6.1 General Arrangements............................................................................................................... 25
4.1.6.2 Inboard Profile........................................................................................................................... 26
4.1.6.2.1 Deck Plans ......................................................................................................................... 26
4.1.6.2.2 Deckhouse Plans................................................................................................................ 29
4.1.6.3 Tank Layouts............................................................................................................................. 32
4.1.7 Structural Design............................................................................................................................... 33
4.1.7.1 Midship Section Concept Design .............................................................................................. 33

4.1.7.2 Flight Deck Modifications......................................................................................................... 34

4.1.7.3 Section Properties...................................................................................................................... 35
4.1.8 Weights and Margins ........................................................................................................................ 35
4.1.8.1 Weight and Stability Modifications for Lightship..................................................................... 35
4.1.8.2 Tank Modifications ................................................................................................................... 37
4.1.8.3 Weight Summary....................................................................................................................... 38
4.1.9 Intact Strength and Stability Analysis ............................................................................................... 39
4.1.10 Damaged Stability and Strength Analysis....................................................................................... 41
4.1.10.1 Damaged Stability Analysis .................................................................................................... 41
4.1.10.1.1 LMSR and SOF Ship Stability Comparison .................................................................... 43
4.1.10.2 Damaged Strength Analysis .................................................................................................... 44
4.1.10.2.1 Comparison of LMSR and SOF ship ............................................................................... 45
4.2 Performance Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 46
4.2.1 Mission.............................................................................................................................................. 46
4.2.1.1 Aircraft Operations.................................................................................................................... 46
4.2.1.2 Boat Operations......................................................................................................................... 46
4.2.2 Survivability and Signatures ............................................................................................................. 46
4.2.3 Seakeeping and Maneuvering ........................................................................................................... 47
4.2.3.1 Natural frequencies.................................................................................................................... 47
4.2.3.2 SWAN Analysis ........................................................................................................................ 48
4.2.4 Environmental................................................................................................................................... 49
4.3 Operation and Support ............................................................................................................................. 49
4.4 Cost and Risk ............................................................................................................................................ 49
4.4.1 Cost Estimation ................................................................................................................................. 49
4.4.2 Risk ................................................................................................................................................... 50
5.0 DESIGN CONCLUSIONS.......................................................................................................................... 52
5.1 Summary of Final Concept Design ........................................................................................................... 52
5.2 Final Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................................................ 53

List of Tables
Table 1. Sponsor Requirements (SR)........................................................................................................ 10
Table 2. Required Operational Capabilities (ROC) ................................................................................ 10
Table 3. Measures of Performance (MOP)............................................................................................... 11
Table 4. Notional Composite Scenario...................................................................................................... 11
Table 5. Nominal Ship Operating Characteristics................................................................................... 13
Table 6. OMOE Weights............................................................................................................................ 14
Table 7. LMSR Dimensions and Performance......................................................................................... 15
Table 8. Concept Ship Variant Summary ................................................................................................ 17
Table 9. OMOE Weights............................................................................................................................ 19
Table 10. SOF Ship Dimensions and Performance.................................................................................. 19
Table 11. Weights Removed and Added by SWBS.................................................................................. 20
Table 12. LMSR & SOF Ship Principal Dimensions............................................................................... 21
Table 13. Space Balance ............................................................................................................................. 26
Table 14. LMSR to SOF Ship Comparison .............................................................................................. 35
Table 15. LMSR & SOF Ship Stability Parameters Comparison .......................................................... 37
Table 16. LMSR & SOF Ship Stability Parameters Comparison .......................................................... 38
Table 17. Intact Stability results................................................................................................................ 39
Table 18. Stress Comparison ..................................................................................................................... 40
Table 19. Damaged Stability Results for Full Load Case Under Severe Wind and Wave Conditions 42
Table 20. Damaged Stability Results for Minimum Operating Case Under Severe Wind and Wave
Conditions.......................................................................................................................................... 42
Table 21. Weight and KG Comparison .................................................................................................... 43
Table 22. Damaged Stability Results for Full Load Case Under Severe Wind and Wave Conditions 44
Table 23. Damaged Stability Results for Minimum Operating Case Under Severe Wind and Wave
Conditions.......................................................................................................................................... 45
Table 24. LMSR-SOF Stress Comparison................................................................................................ 45
Table 27. Conversion Cost Estimates........................................................................................................ 50
Table 28. SOF Ship Dimensions and Performance.................................................................................. 52
Table 29. Summary of Removals and Additions...................................................................................... 52

Table of Figures
Figure 1. LMSR Outboard Profile ................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 2. Total OMOE for Ships Considered ................................................................................................. 18
Figure 3. LMSR and SOF Ship Comparison of Outboard Profiles .............................................................. 22
Figure 4. SOF Ship Topside Arrangement ...................................................................................................... 23
Figure 5. CIWS Arcs of Fire............................................................................................................................. 23
Figure 6. LMSR Middle Level Machinery Arrangement .............................................................................. 24
Figure 7. Topside Arrangement Comparison ................................................................................................. 27
Figure 8. SOF Ship Deck Layouts .................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 9a. Deckhouse Layout-A Deck.............................................................................................................. 30
Figure 9b. Deckhouse Layout-01 Level............................................................................................................ 30
Figure 9c. Deckhouse Layout-02 Level ............................................................................................................ 31
Figure 9d. Deckhouse Layout-03 Level............................................................................................................ 31
Figure 9e. Deckhouse Layout-04 Level ............................................................................................................ 32
Figure 9f. Deckhouse Layout-05 Level ............................................................................................................ 32
Figure 10. SOF Ship Tank Layouts.................................................................................................................. 33
Figure 11. SOF Ship Midship Section Structure............................................................................................. 34
Figure 12. Lightship Weight Distribution ....................................................................................................... 37
Figure 13. GZ Curve for Intact Stability in Stillwater ................................................................................... 39
Figure 14. Full Load Shear & Bending Stresses for Intact Stability in Stillwater ....................................... 41
Figure 15. GZ Curve for Damaged Full Load under Wind-Wave Conditions ............................................ 42
Figure 16. GZ Curve for Damaged Minimum Operating under Wind-Wave Conditions.......................... 43
Figure 17. Damage Full Load Shear & Bending Stresses, Hogging .............................................................. 44
Figure 18. Damage Minimum Operating Shear & Bending Stresses, Hogging ........................................... 45

List of Appendices
Appendix A.................................................................................................................................................. 55
Appendix B.................................................................................................................................................. 60
Appendix C.................................................................................................................................................. 72
Appendix D.................................................................................................................................................. 75
Appendix E.................................................................................................................................................. 84
Appendix F ................................................................................................................................................ 114
Appendix G ............................................................................................................................................... 203
Appendix H ............................................................................................................................................... 216

1.0 MISSION NEED

1.1 Defense or National Guidance and Policy
The Mission Needs Statement (MNS) provides requirements for a Special Operations
Forces (SOF) platform. The MNS is included in Appendix A.
The need for such a ship is addressed in part by the Joint Chiefs of Staff:
"The landmark Strategic Mobility Requirements Study by the Joint Chiefs of Staff in
1992 concluded that the United States had insufficient sealift capacity to transport
military equipment to an overseas conflict. This shortfall was highlighted during
Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm when the majority of cargo had to be moved
by chartered, non-U.S.-flag ships. To address this capacity shortfall, Congress
authorized the Strategic Sealift Program."1

Although this program provides afloat prepositioning of Army equipment, the need for
immediate transport of SOF can be directly related. This is evident in the war on terror in
Afghanistan where USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63) was taken from her assigned duties to serve as
a SOF transport and support platform. The MNS should be used to guide SOF platform
design, research, development, and cooperative efforts with U.S. Allies. Based on the MNS
guidance and policy, the SOF platform must provide support for interagency, joint, and allied
forces. This vessel will provide modular flexibility to perform individual or multiple
missions, thereby freeing other major assets to dedicate their full resources to the
performance of their primary missions.
1.2 Threat Analysis
The SOF platform itself can be characterized as a non-combatant; however, the
mission of the forces it transports is offensive. The SOF platform serves as a mobile offshore
base from which SOF can be deployed.
1.3 Current Capability Assessment
Currently there is no platform specifically designated for SOF purposes. Submarines,
aircraft carriers, and other surface ships are detailed as needed for SOF deployment. A
recent example, as mentioned previously, is USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63) which was relieved of
carrier duties to provide SOF support for Operation Enduring Freedom (i.e., the war on terror
in Afghanistan).

1.4 Capability Need

The logistics and costs associated with utilizing an operational and fully manned
aircraft carrier for SOF missions is expensive. A need exists for a platform specifically
tasked with the transport, support, and deployment of SOF that can operate jointly with other
naval forces. This platform would allow for rapid deployment of SOF, as well as SOF
aviation and SOF boat support. Timeliness, versatility, and flexibility are essential to global
power projection.
1.5 Recommended Alternatives
Non-material alternatives, such as changes in doctrine or operational concepts, are not
sufficient. Part-time tasking of vessels like USS Kitty Hawk removes an essential element of
the fleet and employs her in a role for which she was not specifically designed. Material
alternatives include (1) conversion of an amphibious assault ship, (2) conversion of a
commercial tanker/container ship/roll-on roll-off vessel, (3) conversion of an existing LMSR
ship, and (4) design and acquisition of a new ship.

Strategic Mobility Requirements Study, 1992

2.0 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS AND PLAN

2.1 Required Operational Capability
The Required Operational Capabilities (ROC) are based on guidance given by the
sponsors of this ship conversion. Table 1 lists the sponsor requirements (SR), while
Table 2 lists the ROCs for the SOF ship. Measures of effectiveness (MOE) assess the degree
to which the various design concepts meet these ROCs. The MOE are listed in Table 3.
SR #
SR1
SR2
SR3
SR4
SR5
SR6
SR7

ROC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Table 1. Sponsor Requirements (SR)

Sponsor Requirement
Provide platform for SOF/Aviation support missions
Total acquisition and conversion cost not to exceed $90 million
Low operational costs
Reduce operational tempo of assets currently supporting SOF missions
Provide test platform for future SOF technology
Provide weight/space margin for insertion of future modular SOF systems
Maintain partial Roll On/Roll Off capability for prepositioned disaster relief
Table 2. Required Operational Capabilities (ROC)
Area of Operations
Steam to design capability in most fuel efficient manner
Conduct SOF deployment and support operations
Provide own unit's C4I functions
Provide platform for launch and recovery of multiple rotary-wing and
VTOL/STOVL aircraft for SOF aviation missions
Provide minor maintenance to aircraft
Provide refueling to aircraft
Provide platform for Navy Special Boat Unit operations
Provide search and rescue capability
Provide ability to install/test new technology
Provide accommodations and medical facilities for SOF personnel
Prevent and control damage
Perform seamanship, airmanship and navigation tasks (navigate, anchor,
mooring, scuttle, life boat/raft capacity, tow/be-towed)
Replenish at sea
Maintain health and well-being of crew
Provide upkeep and maintenance of own unit

10

MOE #
1
2
3
4
5

Table 3. Measures of Effectiveness (MOE)

Associated MOE
Support SOF operations
Support SOF aviation missions
Support Navy Special Boat Unit missions
Support aircraft maintenance/refueling
Support partial Roll On/Roll Off disaster relief operations

2.2 Concept of Operations/Operational Scenarios

The SOF Ship Concept of Operations (COO) is based on the expected SOF mission
needs and operating characteristics. The notional composite scenario is
outlined in Table 4. Due to classification requirements, the operational missions of SOF can
not be included in this report.
Day 1-10
Day 11-18
Day 19-28
Day 29-50
Day 51-60

Table 4. Notional Composite Scenario

Transit to Operational Area 1
Support SOF mission and deployment
Transit to Operational Area 2
Support SOF mission and deployment
Underway Replenishment/Return to Operational Area 1(2)

2.3 Constraints and Standards

The MNS identified several constraints on the SOF ship development.
2.3.1 Constraints
2.3.1.1 Design
The ship design must employ a total-ship engineering approach. This approach would
optimize Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and performance, permit rapid upgrade in response to
evolving operational requirements, and provide the capability to continually perform its
mission. The developmental phase must account for emerging technologies, including
modern, flexible information processing systems. Since communication and data systems
hold the greatest potential for growth, these installations must be as modular as possible to
allow for future upgrades. Standard man-to-machine interfaces between onboard systems
should be consistent with current Navy practice and systems.
The SOF ship will be modified from its original configuration such that the ramps and
large cranes will be removed. The topside configuration will be obstruction-free flight deck
11

areas both forward and aft of the superstructure. Below decks, the ships holds will be
converted to offices, briefing rooms, berthing areas, and other various spaces required to
support a SOF deployment. These modifications will be done at a minimum cost without
neglecting the comfort of the personnel.
2.3.1.2 Manning
The manning requirements of the SOF ship will be the normal manning of the T-AKR
300. This consists of 30 Military Sealift Command (MSC) civilian personnel, a fraction of
what is typically required for an operational naval vessel of this size. Since this vessel will
not have any offensive capability and is not envisaged to engage in ship-to-ship warfare, the
crew will not be sized for combat condition damage control.
The ship must provide berthing accommodations for significant numbers of personnel
for SOF operation. Embarked SOF personnel will be considered in the same manner as an
Air Wing embarked on an aircraft carrier, and their accommodations will be maintained
separate from the ships crew.
The Navy-wide initiatives in manning reduction will be incorporated into the design
of the SOF ship modifications. Recent advances made in habitability, upkeep, and shipboard
training should all be investigated for utilization in the below-decks modifications to the
LMSR. The forward thinking already used in the LPD-17, CVN(X), and DD(X) projects
should be leveraged to provide the best possible use of manpower on the SOF ship.
2.3.2 Standards
The following standards were used in the development of this conversion design:

General Specifications for Ships of the United States Navy, NAVSEA S(AA0-AA-SPN010/Gen-Spec)

Structural Strength: DDS 100-1,2,4,5,6,7

Stability and Buoyancy: DDS 079-1

Freeboard: DDS 079-2

Ship System Survivability: DDS 072-4

Powering: DDS 200-1, 310-1.

12

2.4 Goals and Thresholds

Nominal ship operational capabilities as required by the sponsor are summarized in
Table 5.
Table 5. Nominal Ship Operating Characteristics
Maximum Speed
20+ knots
Endurance Speed
14 knots
Endurance Range
10000+ nm
Endurance Stores
60 days
Seakeeping
Sea State 5
The ability of the SOF ship to conduct its mission is paramount. The flight deck
should be able to accommodate all U.S. Armed Forces rotary-wing and VTOL/STOVL
aircraft that are used in SOF missions. The SOF ship must be able to refuel any aircraft
onboard and provide for any repairs that are capable of being done on the flight deck. In
addition, while at anchor, the ship must be able to launch, recover, and fuel large SOF
tactical boats from the hangar deck.
The SOF ship must be capable of serving as a test bed for new technology. Due to
the nature of SOF, much of the equipment may be non-standard or true cutting edge. The
ship must be designed with an open architecture in mind that will allow for the installation
of special equipment.
The ship used for this study, T-AKR 300, has a propulsion plant capable of achieving
a speed of 24.0 knots. This speed enables the ship to operate well within joint naval tactical
parameters.
2.5 Design Philosophy and Decision Matrix
The goal of this conversion design was to determine the most suitable platform for a
SOF ship while minimizing LCC. In fact, throughout this design, cost effectiveness has been
of equal or greater influence than mission effectiveness. Generally, the required equipment
modifications were performed in order to minimize effects to the existing ship. Each
modification carried a cost apart from its mission impact. Each modification, such as
removing a system, installing another system, modifying a structure, and so forth, received a
cost and weight assessment. The weight reductions or additions for discrete systems came
from a weight and balance report for the T-AKR 300 and weight information from CSC
Advanced Marine Center. Modification weights were estimated.
13

The primary mission of this ship is to support SOF missions. Therefore, all other
considerations are subordinate to performing this mission. The essential measures of
effectiveness reflect fulfillment of the SOF mission, as well as operational requirements for
the ship. To assess operational effectiveness, an OMOE model provided a score based on
performance relative to the sponsor requirements. This model consists of a weighted-sum of
individual MOE scores. The weightings are the averaged results of independent comparisons
of all MOE by each design team member. Table 6 lists the OMOE weights.
Table 6. OMOE Weights

Overall
LCC Reduction

SOF Mission

Reduced Operational Costs

Reduced Conversion Costs
Support SOF Aviation
Missions
Support Navy Special Boat
Unit Missions
Support New Modular
Technology

14

0.5

0.25
0.25
0.2

0.5

0.2
0.1

3.0 CONCEPT EXPLORATION

3.1 Baseline Concept Design
The starting point for the conversion is the T-AKR 300 Bob Hope class ship, which is
a Large, Medium-Speed, Roll-On/Roll-Off Ship (LMSR). LMSRs provide afloat
prepositioning of Army heavy vehicles and supplies. They are operated by the Military
Sealift Command (MSC). The LMSR program currently has 19 ships. These consist of 5 excommerical vessels and 14 new construction LMSRs. Table 7 lists the dimensions and
performance of this ship. Figure 1 shows the external arrangement.
Table 7. LMSR Dimensions and Performance
LBP
Beam
Full Load Displacement
Full Load KG
Max speed

884 ft
106 ft
62,069 Ltons
45.29 ft
24 knots

LOA
Full Load Draft
Light Ship Displacement
Light Ship KG
Endurance

951 ft
37 ft
33,026 Ltons
47.47 ft
12,000 nm @ 24 knots

The T-AKR 300 ships have a cargo capacity of 13,250 long tons with 397,413 square
feet of available cargo area. They provide roll on/roll off (RO-RO) capability, and lift on/lift
off capability. The ships are powered by four Colt Pielstick 10 PC4V diesel engines that can
produce a speed of 24 knots at a design draft of 35 feet. The Bob Hope class is currently
being built for the US Navy by Avondale Industries. The oldest ship was commissioned in
1998, so a long service life is expected. This 951 foot long LMSR is an excellent platform
on which to perform SOF ship modifications.

Courtesy of www.globalsecurity.org

Figure 1. LMSR Outboard Profile

15

The major modifications done to the base hull were the removal of all appendages,
ladders, ramps, and cranes above the main deck (designated Deck A). A new deck, or flight
deck, was then attached to the main deck forward of the existing superstructure. The major
components added were the systems and support equipment required for self-defense and for
SOF operations. These major additions were: (1) two Rolling Airframe Missile Launchers
(RAMs); (2) two Close-In Weapon Systems (CIWS); (3) modular C4I system infrastructure;
(4) two aircraft elevators; (5) aviation refueling and medium-level maintenance support; (6)
two hangar bay boat cranes; (7) increased berthing and messing facilities; and (8) medical
and dental facilities.
3.2 Alternative Technologies and Systems
Several technological alternatives were analyzed for this conversion. New technology
exists, or is in development, for the modular communication equipment. Similarly,
innovations to crew habitability are always being investigated.
The LMSRs are not armed and do not possess a combat system. They do have a C3I
suite sufficient to perform standard operations with other naval vessels. As a result, modular
C4I systems will be installed. This will reduce not only size and weight from the SOF ship,
but also required maintenance and repair costs as well as manning.
Because embarked SOF personnel will be considered in the same manner as an Air
Wing embarked on an aircraft carrier, berthing and messing facilities will be maintained
separate from the ships crew. Based on the mission requirements of the ship, the berthing on
the ship will consist of large, modular berthing compartments, with the exception of berthing
for officers who will have larger multi-person staterooms. The food preparation will become
more automated and streamlined, using an outside service to support preparation and cleanup
of meals, as well as using the new prepared meals currently being tested.

3.3 Concept Ship Variants and Trade-Off Studies

An initial search for a ship conversion candidate was conducted based on the criteria
given in Table 1 and a combined acquisition and conversion budget of $90 million. Table 8
summarizes the suitable hulls found based on a search using this criteria. The assumption
was made that at least one ship from each class was available. To assess operational
effectiveness, an OMOE model provided a score based on performance relative to sponsor
16

requirements. This model consists of a weighted-sum of individual OMOE scores. In each

of the five categories below: aviation, boat capability, transformational (support of modular
new technology), operational costs and conversion costs, a maximum OMOE was assigned
based on the relative importance to the overall mission. The individual items in each
category were assigned values between zero and the maximum OMOE assigned to each
category as discussed previously in Table 6. As with all ship acquisition and conversions,
budget is a concern and was the driving factor for this entire design. Therefore, some hull
forms were eliminated on cost consideration alone.
Table 8. Concept Ship Variant Summary
LPH

LPD

CV

AO

LMSR

Merchant
(commercial)

SOF Mission
Aviation
Flight Deck
VTOL/STOVL
sum
ratio to max of .2

0.05
0.04
0.09
0.16

0.04
0.04
0.08
0.13

0.07
0.05
0.12
0.20

0.03
0.01
0.04
0.07

0.03
0.01
0.04
0.07

0.03
0.01
0.04
0.07

Boat Capability
ratio to max of .2

0.07
0.20

0.07
0.20

0.07
0.20

0.07
0.20

0.07
0.20

0.07
0.20

Transformational
ratio to max of .1

0.01
0.02

0.01
0.04

0.03
0.10

0.02
0.06

0.03
0.10

0.03
0.08

Costs
Operational Cost
Age
Propulsion
Speed
Crew size
Draft
sum
ratio to max of .25

0.00
0.00
0.07
0.02
0.05
0.13
0.10

0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.25
0.18

0.00
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.02
0.08
0.06

0.03
0.05
0.05
0.07
0.05
0.25
0.18

0.08
0.08
0.07
0.08
0.03
0.35
0.25

0.08
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.03
0.33
0.24

Conversion Cost
Structure
Tankage
Habitability
C4I
Self-defense
Propulsion
sum
ratio to max of .25

0.00
0.02
0.07
0.05
0.07
0.02
0.22
0.20

0.02
0.02
0.07
0.05
0.07
0.02
0.23
0.22

0.07
0.02
0.07
0.05
0.05
0.00
0.25
0.23

0.03
0.07
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.23
0.22

0.07
0.07
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.08
0.27
0.25

0.03
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.13
0.13

17

Figure 2 shows that the LMSR received the highest OMOE of the six ship classes
considered. Although one ship might have an advantage for a given category, the LMSR
had the highest overall OMOE. As mentioned previously, the LMSR program currently has
19 ships. The oldest ship was commissioned in 1998, so a long service life is expected and
availability of the LMSR is not a concern.

Total OMOE for Ships Considered

1
0.9
0.8
0.7

OMOE

0.6

Modular technology
Aviation Support
Boat Support
Operation Costs
Conversion Costs

0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1

LPH

LPD

CV

4
Ship

AO

5
LMSR

6
COMMERCIAL MERCHANT

Figure 2. Total OMOE for Ships Considered

3.4 Variant Assessment
The variants defined above in Table 8 and shown in Figure 2 were assigned a scale
factor to estimate overall OMOE and costs for each variant. Using cost as the leading driver,
only those cost increases that had the potential to improve the OMOE significantly were
considered. The OMOE weights are shown again in Table 9. Based on this study, the only
variants that are feasible are those that offer new missions, but no ship modifications.
Therefore, the design of the ship will be that proposed by the LMSR variant.

18

Table 9. OMOE Weights

Overall
LCC Reduction

SOF Mission

Reduced Operational Costs

Reduced Conversion Costs
Support SOF Aviation
Missions
Support Navy Special Boat
Unit Missions
Support New Modular
Technology

0.5

0.25
0.25
0.2

0.5

0.2
0.1

3.5 Final Baseline Concept Design

The LMSR is the optimal variant. This became the SOF ship concept design. This
design removes all structures above the main deck, and replaces them with a new flight deck
forward of the existing superstructure. Although the light ship displacement increased by
4,655 long tons, there was little effect on stability. Since the engineering plant and hull did
not change, while the displacement increased only slightly, the speed and endurance
remained relatively unchanged compared to the baseline. The other variants are good
options, but all lost out due to cost. With cost as the ultimate driver, the LMSR model was
the best available choice.
The SOF ship dimensions and performance, after the conversion modifications, are
shown in Table 10.
Table 10. SOF Ship Dimensions and Performance
LBP
Beam
Full Load Displacement
Full Load KG
Max speed

884 ft
106 ft
48,937 ltons
39.98 ft
24.0 knots

LOA
Full Load Draft
Light Ship Displacement
Light Ship KG
Endurance

951 ft
27.80 ft
37,681 ltons
45.67 ft
10,000+ nm @ 24 knots

Table 11 summarizes the total weight removed from and added to the ship by Ships
Work Breakdown Structure (SWBS). The complete list of equipment removed is included in
Appendix B. The complete list of equipment added, including SOF support systems and ship
self-defense armament, is included in Appendix B.

19

100

Table 11. Weights Removed and Added by SWBS

SWBS Group
Weight
Weight Added
Removed
(ltons)
(ltons)
Hull Structure
607.37
4389.98

200

Propulsion Plant

15.74

15.74

300

Electric Plant

34.19

69.9

400

Command and
Surveillance
Auxiliary Systems
Outfit and Furnishings
Armament

76.19

695.63
99.09
0
1452.02

1425.72
1405.95
38.06
7421.54

500
600
700
Total

20

4.0 FEASIBILITY STUDY AND ASSESSMENT

4.1 Design Definition
4.1.1 Ship Geometry
The modification from the LMSR to the SOF ship design does not affect the hull
form dimensions. Table 12 lists the ships principal dimensions. Figure 3 shows the
outboard profile, both before and after the modifications. The most important changes
included the removal of elements above the weather deck (Deck A) including the cranes and
ramps. The addition of elements included ship self-defense equipment, SOF crew berthing
and messing spaces, C4I System Infrastructure, and Aircraft Elevators. The LMSR Weight
and Moment report served as an initial estimate for full load condition, and elements were
removed and added in the same format as the LMSR Weight report. A complete list of the
elements removed and added is included in Appendix B. A comparison between the main
characteristics of both ships is shown in Table 12.
Table 12. LMSR & SOF Ship Principal Dimensions
LMSR
SOF Ship
LBP
884 ft
884 ft
Beam
106 ft
106 ft
LOA
951 ft
951 ft
Full Load
62,069 ltons
48,937 ltons
Displacement
Full Load KG
45.29 ft
39.98 ft
Full Load Draft
37 ft
27.82 ft
Light Ship
33,026 ltons
37,681 ltons
Displacement
Light Ship KG
47.47 ft
45.67 ft
Light Ship Draft
20.74 ft
22.63 ft

21

Figure 3. LMSR and SOF Ship Comparison of Outboard Profiles

4.1.2 Combat Systems and Mission Payload

The baseline ship includes Link 11 and Link 14. This offers support for
communication between the SOF ship and other Navy ships. Joint support, however, for the
SOF ship will require upgrade to Link 16. Central command and control suites will be
installed on the 02 and 03 levels just aft of licensed and unlicensed crew staterooms, between
frames 99 and 104. As a result, the emergency diesel generator was moved forward to Hold
1 between frames 20 and 33. Self-defense mission modules and the two Rolling Airframe
Missiles (RAMs) will also be monitored from the centralized command and control.
Primary flight control will be located on the 04 level. Prior to conversion, the 04
level on the LMSR was empty and only used for access to the pilothouse between frames 85
and 90. Modifications were made to this level to lengthen the entire compartment, imitating
the 03 level from frames 85 to 104, to serve as flight control. This allowed for viewing the
entire deck during all helicopter operations.
The ship combat systems will be upgraded with the addition of the Ship Self-Defense
System (SSDS). The SSDS is comprised of the RIM-116 RAM, the Close-In Weapon
System (CWIS), and the decoy launch system. The SSDS integrates the AN/SPS-49, the
AN/SPS-67 surface search radar, the AN/SLQ-32 sensor, and the CIWS search radar into a
cohesive ship defense system. The SSDS provides a high level of protection against antiship missiles and aircraft. The CIWS has a combined coverage of 360, while the RAMs

22

each have 360 of coverage. The topside arrangement is shown in Figure 4 and the arcs of
fire coverage are shown in Figure 5.
The SOF ship will also have a Global Command and Control System: Maritime
(GCCS-M) and Joint Maritime Communication and Information System (JMCIS). All
systems must be compliant with the Defense Information Infrastructure (DII) and Common
Operating Environment (COE). Furthermore, an additional Command and Control Center is
located aft on the C Deck directly under the superstructure for ease of access.

Figure 4. SOF Ship Topside Arrangement

Figure 5. CIWS Arcs of Fire

23

4.1.3 Propulsion, Electrical, and Auxiliary Systems

The SOF ship design does not alter the engineering plant or any systems in the
machinery rooms as shown in Figure 6. The LMSR installed power meets maximum speed
and requirements set forth by the sponsor. The propulsion plant has four Colt Pielstick 10
PC4.2V diesel engines (65,160 hp) driving two shafts with controllable pitch propellers.
Similarly, most of the electrical distribution system will remain untouched. The LMSR is
equipped with four ship's service Wartsilla diesel generators. Each generator delivers 4160V,
60Hz, three phase, and 3500kW. The LMSR electrical power generation system was built
with nearly 50% excess capacity. This was done to accommodate redundancy in the event of
the loss of a generator. Removing the topside cranes and ramp, as well as the internal deck
ramps, will further reduce the demand for electrical loading. The addition of the hotel loads
and communication equipment will add to the total loading of the ship, but there should still
be sufficient capacity to provide reliability. The emergency diesel generator originally
located in the superstructure was moved forward to Hold 1 between frames 20 and 33 above
the waterline to maintain emergency response capability. The emergency diesel generator
delivers 480 V, 60 Hz, three phase, and 1625 kW.

Figure 6. LMSR Middle Level Machinery Arrangement

24

4.1.4 Survivability and Signatures

The damaged stability criterion for DD-079 is based on flooding 15% of the Length
Between Perpendiculars (LBP), whereas the damaged stability criterion for the American
Bureau of Shipping (ABS) is based on 3 compartment flooding. ABS requirements were met
when the ship was built. Also, flooding of two compartments is more than 15% of the LBP.
There is no need for signature reduction measures since the ship operates as a mobile
offshore platform for SOF operations. Additionally, there is no need for design for shock
and other combat related survivability standards.
4.1.5 Manning
The LMSR has a base crew of 30 civilian MSC personnel. It was very important to
maintain segregation between crew manning and SOF manning so as not to interfere with the
ship's routine.
Manning requirements for SOF are classified. The SOF ship does, however, carry a
separate air and boat crew. The assumption was made that manning would be similar to that
of an LPH for embarked troops. As a result, berthing and messing facilities were provided
for 1800 enlisted personnel and 200 officers. SOF will provide additional personnel for all
mission related and hotel servicing functions. When the SOF depart the ship, minimal
manning will be required. Caretakers will board to perform routine ship maintenance.
4.1.6 Arrangements
4.1.6.1 General Arrangements
Comparison of available area in the spaces considered for modification shows that
sufficient space is available. Required space estimates come from approximations made for
SOF mission items detailed in the Surface Ship Classification Summary (SSCS) breakdown.
Table 13 lists the available space in the modified compartments and the required space for
the SOF equipment and components. Appendix C contains a breakdown of the available area
versus the area required for the SOF ship.

25

Table 13. Space Balance

Available Space
Compartment
Total Available

Area (ft2)
397,413

Volume (ltons)
14,080

Required Space
Payload Type
Mission Support
Human Support

Area (ft2)
170,476
103,496

Ship Support

40,007

Ship Machinery System

52,167

Tanks

Volume (ltons)

Freshwater Tanks

1,231

Seawater Tanks

2,173

Diesel Oil Tanks

4,361

JP-5

1,043

Miscellaneous Tanks

456

Lube Oil Tanks

Total Required

366,146

134
9,398

4.1.6.2 Inboard Profile

4.1.6.2.1 Deck Plans
Due to a significantly different role, the SOF ship does not require the large stores
handling apparatus of the LMSR. The two large cranes and all other deck obstructions were
removed from the A deck to create a flight deck. The structural support for the flight deck is
actually 3 feet higher than the original A deck, thus allowing the creation of catwalks within
the original hull structure of the ship. This is important because it allows the SOF ship to
retain its PANAMAX capability. The catwalks were included to allow for safe personnel
movement around the flight deck, aircraft servicing and fueling stations, and damage control
casualties.

26

Flight deck areas are located both forward and aft of the deckhouse. The primary
landing areas are located forward of the deckhouse. Two aircraft elevators are located in the
forward flight deck area. The starboard elevator is located near midships, and the port
elevator is just forward of the deckhouse. These are sized to accommodate the large
helicopters that could be utilized by a SOF group. A smaller secondary landing area is
located directly aft of the deckhouse. There is no direct access to the aircraft elevators from
this area, but there is a small hangar built into the rear of the deckhouse. This area is large
enough to support major maintenance to one small helicopter.
The ability to create a large flight deck was a primary concern when selecting a
platform for the SOF ship. Figure 7 shows scale comparisons of CVN68, LMSR (SOF ship
configuration), and LHD1. The reconfiguration of the SOF ship provides a flight deck area
comparable to that of the LHD.

Figure 7. Topside Arrangement Comparison

The B deck is the hangar bay. Figure 8 shows a potential arrangement for decks A
through E. The spaces contain descriptions of general departments and crew comforts found
aboard a typical navy vessel, but do not contain all allocated spaces. For a complete space

27

allocation breakdown, see Appendix C. Aircraft access to the hangar bay is via the two
elevators described above. Forward of the elevators are boat ramps on both the port and
starboard sides, the center of which is at frame 37. Inboard of the ramps are storage locations
for a number of helicopters. Helicopters can be stored between frames 50 and 92. At frame
58, a cargo elevator is located centerline which connects to the F deck and all intervening
decks. Between frames 92 and 96 the machinery exhaust stacks are found centerline; these
stacks extend from the C deck to the top of the deckhouse. Between frames 99 and 113,
additional helicopters can be stored.
The C deck contains departmental areas, officer country, and briefing rooms. The
ships store and barber are located between frames 20-33. Medical/Dental and the
library/chaplain (frames 33 and 50), briefing rooms and air/weapons departments (frames 5065), officer country and SCIF rooms (frames 65-85), CIC/Ops and Radio/Crypto spaces
(frames 85-99), and supply and personnel departments (frames 99-113) are located on
opposite sides of centerline between the given frames. The steering gear is positioned
between frames 113 and 117.
The D deck contains the gym, crew berthing, crew galley and mess, machinery room
and auxiliary machinery room. The gym is located between frames 20-33. Crew berthing
(frames 33 and 50), crew galley and mess (frames 50-65), crew berthing (frames 65-85),
machinery room (frames 85-99), and auxiliary machinery room (frames 99-113) are located
on opposite sides of centerline between the given frames.
The E deck contains EDG room, general stores, reefer stores, food stores, MAA/Brig,
armory, machinery room and auxiliary machinery room. The EDG room is located between
frames 20-33. General stores (frames 33 and 50), reefer stores and food stores (frames 5065), MAA/Brig and armory (frames 65-85), machinery room (frames 85-99), and auxiliary
machinery room (frames 99-113) are located on opposite sides of centerline between the
given frames.
The F deck contains general stores, weapons magazine, machinery room and
auxiliary machinery room. The general stores are located between frames 33-50 weapons
magazine (frames 50-85), machinery room (frames 85-99), and auxiliary machinery room
(frames 99-113) are located on opposite sides of centerline between the given frames.

28

Figure 8. SOF Ship Deck Layouts

4.1.6.2.2 Deckhouse Plans
The deckhouse is largely unchanged. The emergency diesel generator was relocated
from the deckhouse to the most forward space on the E Deck. This allowed for creation of
Command and Control (02 and 03 levels) with easy access to passageways. The 04 level is
now primary flight control. The licensed and unlicensed civilian crew berthing remains in
the deckhouse. The deckhouse plans are illustrated in Figures 9a through 9f.

29

Figure 9a. Deckhouse Layout-A Deck

Figure 9b. Deckhouse Layout-01 Level

30

Figure 9c. Deckhouse Layout-02 Level

Figure 9d. Deckhouse Layout-03 Level

31

Figure 9e. Deckhouse Layout-04 Level

Figure 9f. Deckhouse Layout-05 Level

4.1.6.3 Tank Layouts
The tank layouts are as depicted in Figure 10 below. Diesel oil (4928 ltons) and
seawater ballast (6304 ltons) are well distributed throughout the ship. JP-5 (1600 ltons) for
the helicopters is located just forward of frame 65 in six tanks outboard of centerline and

32

extending to the hull. Freshwater (1381 ltons) is located in six tanks just aft of frame 99.
Lube oil and miscellaneous service tanks contain 136 and 466 ltons respectively.

Figure 10. SOF Ship Tank Layouts

4.1.7 Structural Design

4.1.7.1 Midship Section Concept Design

There are two classes of LMSR ships, the Bob Hope class built by Avondale
Industries and the Watson class built by National Steel Shipbuilding Company (NASSCO).
The design of the midship section was largely based on the section generated by the POSSE
Watson class files. The Bob Hope class files were unavailable in Version 2 of POSSE. As a
result, the Watson class midship section was modified to reflect the differences between the
classes. The greatest difference is the A-B deck configuration. The Watson class ships have
a fixed A-B deck, whereas the Bob Hope class ships have a hoistable A-B deck. The
hoistable A-B deck made the Bob Hope class more desirable for the SOF platform because it
simplifies the creation of a hangar deck. Figure 11 shows the structural design of the
midship section defined using POSSE after modifications were made. The strength of the
new design was tested using the POSSE Intact and Damaged Stability Modules.

33

Figure 11. SOF Ship Midship Section Structure

4.1.7.2 Flight Deck Modifications

The SOF ship design will not change the essential LMSR structural design and will
add a flying deck three feet above the current A or Weather deck. The flight deck will be
built in modular sections for ease of installation and for cost minimization. The flight deck
was built four feet narrower than the full beam of the A Deck. This provided space for
catwalks within the original hull structure of the ship. The catwalks extend from Frame 28 to
Frame 80, with exception of the elevators which run to the hull of the ship. This catwalk
design is important because it allows the SOF ship to retain its PANAMAX capability. The
catwalks were included to allow for safe personnel movement around the flight deck,
helicopter fueling stations, and damage control casualties. Also, drains were installed around
the flight deck and catwalks for removal of green water on deck.

34

4.1.7.3 Section Properties

The properties of the new sections lower the center of gravity as well as the section
total area and moments of inertia. Overall, the properties of the section modulus remain
unaffected. Table 14 makes a comparison between the values of the LMSR and the SOF ship
mid-ship section.
Table 14. LMSR to SOF Ship Comparison
LMSR
SOF
4
2
Area
.76 10 [in ]
1.3 105 [in2]
Ixx
8.9 106 [in2-ft2]
1.6 107 [in2-ft2]
Dist. To upper extreme fiber
47.48 [ft]
47.31 [ft]
5
2
Section Modulus Upper Flg
1.8 10 [in -ft]
3.3 105 [in2-ft]
Dist. To lower extreme fiber
48.65 [ft]
46.26 [ft]
2
Shear Area y
2027.4 [in ]
4345.5 [in2]
Iyy
2.7 106 [in2-ft2]
1.5 107 [in2-ft2]
Dist. To left extreme fiber
29.28 [ft]
52.95 [ft]
4
2
Section Modulus Left Flg
9.2 10 [in -ft]
2.9 105 [in2-ft]
Dist. To right extreme fiber
27.51 [ft]
52.95 [ft]
4
2
Section Modulus Right Flg
9.8 10 [in -ft]
2.9 105 [in2-ft]
Shear Area x
5681.1 [in2]
9496.5 [in2]
From the table analysis, it can be predicted that the converted ship sections are going
to have similar, if not lower, due to increased cross-sectional area, stresses over its structure
when compared to the LMSR under the same applied loads.
4.1.8 Weights and Margins

4.1.8.1 Weight and Stability Modifications for Lightship

The total weight removed from the LMSR by the deletion of all the elements stated
above was 1,452.02 ltons. The weight added for conversion was 7,421.54 ltons. This
included a weight margin of 10% which was incorporated into each SWBS weight
breakdown. The main contribution for the added weight came from the flying deck structure,
which is symmetric with respect to the ships centerline and from the C4I equipment located

35

in both the modified superstructure and C deck configuration. A lightship weight summary
is presented in Table 15.
Removing the topside cranes, the aft ramp, the topside fan rooms, and relocating the
emergency diesel generator contributed to lowering the VCG. From the stability standpoint
the weight removed has a center of gravity well above the VCG, near amidships and close to
the centerline. Its values were:

Removed wvcg BL: 95.96 ft.

Removed wlcg FP: 712.86 ft

Removed wtcg CL: 0.93 ft.

Adding berthing accommodations, weapons magazines, increased ventilation and air

conditioning systems, and relocating the emergency diesel generator also lowered the VCG.
The addition of the two elevators contributed to moving the LCG forward. The values
obtained were:

Added wvcg BL: 58.09 ft.

Added wlcg FP: 317.36 ft

Added wtcg CL: 2.28 ft.

The final stability conditions produce a TCG of 0.65 ft to starboard, an LCG of 441.7

ft, and a KG of 45.67 ft. The results are very similar to the LMSR Lightship conditions, and
as such fulfill all the stability requirements. The lightship weight distribution can be seen in
Figure 12. The final stability parameters and a comparison between the original and
modified ship are shown in Table 15.

36

Figure 12. Lightship Weight Distribution

Table 15. LMSR & SOF Ship Stability Parameters Comparison
LMSR
SOF
Lightship Displacement
33,026 Ltons
37,681 Ltons
Lightship KG
44.47 ft
45.67 ft
Lightship LCG
496.87 ft.
441.70 ft.
Lightship TCG
0.32 ft.
0.65 ft.
4.1.8.2 Tank Modifications
To provide aircraft refuel capacity, six DO side tanks were converted to JP-5. The
total JP-5 capacity is 1,043 ltons. For comparison purposes, the LHD carries approximately
1,232 ltons of JP-5 on board. Similary, the SOF ship has 4,619 ltons of diesel oil, whereas an
LHD carries approximately 6,000 ltons. The ships maximum range will be reduced slightly
due to the DO tanks modification, however, because the full load displacement decreased by
approximately 14,000 ltons, the SOF ship should still have a maximum range of 10,000+ nm.
The full load draft also decreased by approximately 9 feet, resulting in less hull resistance on
the ship. This further increases the range of the SOF ship. This decrease in draft does not,
however, disturb any seawater inlets or outlets for the machinery room equipment.

37

4.1.8.3 Weight Summary

The full load and minimum operating conditions were evaluated for both intact and
damaged stability. Table 16 lists a breakdown of weights for each of these conditions.
The full load condition assumes the following:

One empty fuel tank

Compensated ballast to account for empty fuel tank if necessary
Fresh water reduced by 1/3
Crew and effects remain unaffected
Misc. Related Expenditures remain unaffected
Ships Stores remain unaffected.

The minimum operating condition assumes the following:

Total fuel reduced by 2/3
Compensated ballast to account for empty fuel tank if necessary
Fresh water reduced by 1/3
Crew and effects remain unaffected
Misc. Related Expenditures reduced by 2/3
Ships Stores reduced by 2/3.
Source: Stability and Buoyancy: DDS 079-2
Table 16. LMSR & SOF Ship Stability Parameters Comparison
Minimum
Weight (ltons)
Full Load
Operating
Lightship Weight
37,681
37,681
Crew and Effects
360
360
Mission Related Expenditures
120
40
Helo
127
127
Boats
117
117
Ships Stores
678
224
Medical
19
19
Dry Stores
260
86
Freeze Stores
180
59
Fuels and Lube Oil
6,274
4,289
Fresh Water
925
455
Clean Ballast
1,741
2,687
Miscellaneous
456
307
Total Displacement
48,937
46,452
The tank weight summary for both the full load and the minimum operating condition
is included in Appendix D.

38

4.1.9 Intact Strength and Stability Analysis

The intact stability analysis was conducted using the POSSE modified Watson class
files. Every loading condition described previously was tested under the next three different
conditions:

Still water
100 knots wind
High Speed Turn. 24 knots, Radius of turn 3000 ft.
The results were satisfactory for every case. Table 17 shows the stability results for

the cases described. It is important to highlight that the SOF ship model has a better stability
performance than the Watson does for the three conditions described. Figure 13 shows the
worst case GZ curve, the high speed turn for the minimum operating condition.
Table 17. Intact Stability results

Full
Load
Min Op
Cond

Disp.
[ltons]

KG
[ft]

Mean Draft
[ft]

Trim
[ft]

GZ Max
[ft]

Heel Angle
Still Water

Heel Angle
High Speed
Turn

Propeller
Immersion

0.1o Port

Heel
Angle
100kt
wind
0.9o

48,937

39.98

27 ft 9.7 in

0.20 A

46,452

40.92

26 ft 8.3 in

0.35 A

8.00 @
38.4o
7.13 @
38.3o

2.2o

114 %

0.4o Stbd

1.4 o

2.8 o

109 %

Figure 13. GZ Curve for Intact Stability in Stillwater

39

The POSSE Intact Stability Module does not simulate the ship behavior in waves or
under severe weather conditions. The Salvage Module is used for this purpose as well as for
assessing damage due to flooded compartments. For the non-damaged case, the procedure is
to damage a small compartment that will not affect stability during hogging and sagging
cases so that wave and wind conditions can be applied. The hull strength was also tested
using the POSSE Intact Module for stillwater conditions indicated in the stability analysis.
The stresses were found to be very close for both the full load and minimum operating
conditions. The hogging condition has the highest stresses, and they are significantly higher
than the sagging conditions. This can be attributed a higher loading density distribution in
the fore and aft parts of the ship to maintain trim and stability. Table 18 shows a summary of
the strength analysis for the two loading cases analyzed. Figure 14 shows full load shear and
bending stresses. A complete report of all intact stability case results and diagrams are
included in Appendix E.

Sea Condition

Stillwater
Hogging
Sagging

Table 18. Stress Comparison

Stress (ksi)
Full Load
Shear
Bending, at Deck
Bending, at Keel
Shear
Bending, at Deck
Bending, at Keel
Shear
Bending, at Deck
Bending, at Keel

40

-3.47
7.72
-8.46
-5.36
14.95
-16.23
-1.70
-2.72
2.74

Minimum
Operating
Condition
-3.53
7.85
-8.62
-5.31
15.09
-16.31
-1.70
-2.32
2.34

Figure 14. Full Load Shear & Bending Stresses for Intact Stability in Stillwater
4.1.10 Damaged Stability and Strength Analysis

4.1.10.1 Damaged Stability Analysis

The Salvage Module is used to assess the effects of flooding compartments. Large
compartments are flooded to check the worst condition that the ship can withstand. The wave
height used in this analysis was 1.1 LBP . The wavelength is the LBP and its crest position
was defined to test stillwater, hogging, and sagging conditions. Damaged stability was
assessed for three cases: damage forward, amidships, and aft. The limiting case was two
compartment flooding for each section. The analysis considered the same loading cases
defined previously. The wave and wind settings were:

Wave height: 32.7 feet

Wave length: 884 feet

Wind speed: 100 knots

The stability results for full load and minimum operating conditions are listed in Tables 19
and 20 respectively. The stability values show that the SOF ship is extremely stable under
extreme conditions. The worst case condition occurs with damage to the midship section
during a hogging condition. Overall, the ship will experience its worst heel angle of 5.2
41

degrees while hogging during minimum operating conditions. Figures 15 and 16 show the
worst case GZ curves for the damaged full load and minimum operating conditions under
wind-wave effects.
Table 19. Damaged Stability Results for Full Load Case
Under Severe Wind and Wave Conditions
Condition

Stillwater
Hogging

Sagging

Damage Fwd
Damage Mid
Damage Aft
Damage Fwd
Damage Mid
Damaged Aft
Damage Fwd
Damage Mid
Damaged Aft

GMt
[ft]

GZ max
[ft]

Static Heel
Angle
[deg]

Wind Heel
Angle
[deg]

Range of
positive GZ
[deg]

Freeboard to
margin line
[ft]

11.16
10.34
8.12
7.85
6.55
7.61
17.28
15.52
10.40

7.19 @37.0So
4.83 @32.3So
6.11 @37.9Po
5.29 @39.0So
2.31 @35.7So
5.22 @38.9Po
7.90 @35.1So
5.98 @32.5So
5.68 @37.5So

0.1So
0.6So
0.1Po
0.1So
1.0So
0.1Po
0.0So
0.4So
0.8So

0.9So
1.1So
1.4Po
1.6So
1.7So
1.8Po
0.4So
0.8So
1.6So

> 59.9 o
> 59.4 o
> 59.9 o
> 59.9 o
> 58.0 o
> 59.9 o
> 60.0 o
> 59.6 o
> 59.2 o

53.65
41.78
62.62
67.08
39.22
64.44
35.43
39.91
46.88

Figure 15. GZ Curve for Damaged Full Load under Wind-Wave Conditions
Table 20. Damaged Stability Results for Minimum Operating Case
Under Severe Wind and Wave Conditions
Condition

Stillwater
Hogging

Sagging

Damage Fwd
Damage Mid
Damage Aft
Damage Fwd
Damage Mid
Damaged Aft
Damage Fwd
Damage Mid
Damaged Aft

GMt
[ft]

GZ max
[ft]

Static Heel
Angle
[deg]

Wind Heel
Angle
[deg]

Range of
positive GZ
[deg]

Freeboard to
margin line
[ft]

10.32
9.09
7.09
6.85
6.19
6.44
17.42
15.22
8.88

6.53 @36.4So
4.25 @32.1So
5.28 @37.4Po
4.67 @38.0So
1.65 @34.8So
4.49 @37.9Po
7.29 @34.1So
5.40 @31.7So
4.98 @36.4So

0.4So
2.5So
0.6Po
0.6So
4.1So
0.7Po
0.2So
1.5So
0.3So

1.4So
3.1So
2.3Po
2.5So
5.2So
2.9Po
0.6So
1.9So
1.3So

> 59.6 o
> 56.5 o
> 59.4 o
> 59.4 o
> 49.5 o
> 59.3 o
> 59.8 o
> 58.5 o
> 59.7 o

53.59
42.90
63.15
68.52
39.38
65.76
35.97
41.86
48.59

42

Figure 16. GZ Curve for Damaged Minimum Operating under Wind-Wave Conditions

4.1.10.1.1 LMSR and SOF Ship Stability Comparison

Table 21 compares the stability results for the SOF ship and LMSR when operating
under similar full load conditions. The SOF ship has better stability performance than the
LMSR. Removal of the topside cranes compensates for the addition of the flight deck. This
can be seen from the GM results for the SOF ship. The slight difference in GM makes the
modified LMSR ship better in stability than the original Watson class ship.

Displacement
KG
Draft, Amidships
Trim
GMt (corrected)
GZMAX
Damage Forward
Damage Amidship
Damage Aft

Table 21. Weight and KG Comparison

LMSR
62,069 ltons
45.29 feet
37 ft
0.99 feet
7.61 feet
5.61 feet
Initial GMt
7.14 feet
GZMAX
4.88 feet
Initial GMt
8.99 feet
GZMAX
2.96 feet
Initial GMt
3.53 feet
GZMAX
3.24 feet

43

SOF
48,937 ltons
39.98 feet
27.8 ft
0.20 feet
11.94 feet
8.00 feet
11.16 feet
7.19 feet
10.34 feet
4.83 feet
8.12 feet
6.11 feet

4.1.10.2 Damaged Strength Analysis

The hull strength was also tested using the POSSE Salvage Module under the same
loading conditions indicated in the stability analysis. The worst case scenario was found for
the hogging, full load condition operating under extreme wind and wave conditions. Tables
22 and 23 show a summary of the strength analysis for the two loading cases analyzed.
Figures 17 and 18 show the worst case shear and bending stress curves for the damaged full
load and minimum operating conditions under wind-wave effects. A complete report of all
damaged case results and diagrams are included in Appendix F.
Table 22. Damaged Stability Results for Full Load Case
Under Severe Wind and Wave Conditions
Condition

Stillwater
Hogging

Sagging

Damage Fwd
Damage Mid
Damage Aft
Damage Fwd
Damage Mid
Damaged Aft
Damage Fwd
Damage Mid
Damaged Aft

Shear
Stress
[ksi]

Deck Bending
Stress
[ksi]

Keel
Bending
Stress [ksi]

-4.95
2.71
-3.51
-5.49
4.11
-4.61
-5.44
3.41
-2.44

11.42
3.38
7.70
15.28
7.09
13.13
6.67
-8.63
3.76

-12.63
-3.93
-8.52
-16.62
-7.68
-14.41
-7.74
9.43
-4.12

Figure 17. Damage Full Load Shear & Bending Stresses, Hogging

44

Table 23. Damaged Stability Results for Minimum Operating Case

Under Severe Wind and Wave Conditions
Condition

Stillwater
Hogging

Sagging

Damage Fwd
Damage Mid
Damage Aft
Damage Fwd
Damage Mid
Damaged Aft
Damage Fwd
Damage Mid
Damaged Aft

Shear
Stress
[ksi]

Deck Bending
Stress
[ksi]

Keel
Bending
Stress [ksi]

-4.95
2.91
-3.59
-5.55
3.90
-4.67
-5.43
3.32
-2.51

11.76
7.12
8.08
15.68
14.07
13.55
6.85
-8.40
3.80

-13.00
4.51
-8.88
-16.98
10.84
-14.77
-7.92
9.19
-4.13

Figure 18. Damage Minimum Operating Shear & Bending Stresses, Hogging
4.1.10.2.1 Comparison of LMSR and SOF ship
The strength properties of the LMSR and SOF ship are compared below in Table 24,
as determined using POSSE. The SOF ship has a significantly better performance during
hogging conditions, while the sagging conditions are nearly twice as high. Overall, the SOF
ship is structurally sound.
Load Condition

Full Load

Table 24. LMSR-SOF Stress Comparison

Sea Condition
Stress (ksi)
LMSR
Shear
8.84
Hogging
Bending, at Deck
34.25
Bending, at Keel
-24.77
Shear
1.48
Sagging
Bending, at Deck
-4.72
Bending, at Keel
4.14

45

SOF
-5.49
15.28
-16.62
3.41
-8.63
9.43

The ship has a satisfactory performance for all the cases analyzed and presents better
stability and structural performance than the original LMSR. The results obtained for both
the Intact and Damaged Conditions indicate, from a stability standpoint, that the conversion
is feasible and will have good performance in all weather conditions.
4.2 Performance Analysis
4.2.1 Mission
The primary mission of the SOF ship is to provide a platform for SOF operations.
The SOF ship will act as a base of operations for the planning and execution of SOF missions
ashore (insertion, close air support, extraction) and afloat (naval interdiction, capture of
assets such as oil platforms).

4.2.1.1 Aircraft Operations

The SOF ship will provide a platform for rotary wing and VTOL/STOVL air
operations in support of SOF missions.

4.2.1.2 Boat Operations

The SOF ship can act as a base for SOF boats, such as Navy Special Boat Units. The
hangar deck can accommodate a 12 medium-size patrol or assault boats which can be
launched by crane from the forward hangar deck ramps. SOF typically use RIBs that are 36
feet in length. Therefore, space availability for boat operations should be adequate.
4.2.2 Survivability and Signatures
The only major changes to the SOF ship will be the removal of the large deck cranes and
the rear roll-on roll-off ramp, so it will retain the signature of the Bob Hope class LMSR.
The survivability will be significantly upgraded with the addition of the Ship Self-Defense
System (SSDS). The SSDS is comprised of the RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM),
the Close-In Weapon System (CWIS), and the decoy launch system. The SSDS integrates the
AN/SPS-49, the AN/SPS-67 surface search radar, the AN/SLQ-32 sensor, and the CIWS

46

search radar into a cohesive ship defense system. The SSDS provides a high level of
protection against anti-ship missiles and aircraft.
4.2.3 Seakeeping and Maneuvering
4.2.3.1 Natural frequencies
The resonant roll and pitch frequencies were computed using standard naval
architecture equations and the ships dimensions as calculated by SWAN. All calculations
are shown in Appendix G. A Pierson-Moskowitz sea spectrum was then used to relate the
resonant periods to significant wave heights. These results gave a rough indication of the
motion of the ship. The results are summarized in Table 25.
Table 25. Calculated Resonant Data
5.33 m
kroll
kpitch
46.08 m
kyaw
15.787 m
roll
0.17 Hz
pitch
0.225 Hz
Troll
5.876 sec
Tpitch
4.454 sec
The motions of the ship have vertical components (heave, pitch and roll) that can
create serious problems, thus causing the ship to behave like a damped spring-mass system.
In order to understand the nature of the ship response to sinusoidal waves, it is useful to
derive the natural frequencies for heave and pitch. For ship motions, the maximum motions
do not necessarily occur around synchronism. The magnitude of the exciting forces and the
coefficients in the equations of motion all depend on the encounter frequency. Encounter
frequency can depend on various parameters, including wavelength, ship speed, and heading.
Therefore, at low frequencies, resonance can occur at very short wavelengths with a very
small exciting force. However, at higher forward speeds, the frequency of encounter can
cause resonance to fall within the range of wavelengths where the exciting forces are large.
The T-AKR 300 Bob Hope class hull currently has good seakeeping characteristics, as it is a
relatively large, heavy ship with a low KG.

47

4.2.3.2 SWAN Analysis

The SWAN software package was used to calculate RAOs for the SOF ship.
Analyses were conducted for three different ship speeds (12 kts, 18 kts, and 24 kts) and seven
wave periods (6-18 sec). This provided enough permutations to accurately assess the ships
performance over most normal operating conditions. Appendix G shows the SWAN input
files for the three different speeds, SWAN output files, and SWAN RAO files. The goal of
the SWAN analysis was to obtain the RAO functions for the ship.
The RAO outputs from SWAN were then entered into the SWAN Integrator Excel
spreadsheet. This spreadsheet calculated the Pierson-Moskowitz sea spectrum for a given
wave height. A significant wave height of 3.1 meters, corresponding to sea state 5, was used
in this analysis. The SWAN RAOs were also used to calculate actual ship motions (roll,
pitch, heave, and heave velocity) at a location 75 ft fwd and aft of the midships on the flight
deck. The spreadsheet produced plots of the sea spectrum, the RAOs, and the ship response
spectrum. These plots are also shown in Appendix G for the three speeds specified.
The flight deck location was analyzed to determine the feasibility of flight operations
at various speeds. The criteria to conduct flight operations were: pitch angle less than 3o,
roll angle less than 5o, and heave velocity less than 6.5 ft/s with seas broad off the bow at 150
degrees. The results for the three speeds are summarized in Table 26.
Table 26: Flight Deck Motions for Various Speeds
Limit
12
18
knots
knots
3.0
0.05
0.04
Pitch (degrees)
5.0
0.11
0.12
Roll (degrees)
6.5
0.219
0.208
Heave velocity
(ft/s)
N/A
0.11
0.09
Heave (m)

24
knots
0.03
0.12
0.164
0.08

The flight deck motion analysis indicates that the SOF ship can conduct flight
operations in sea state 5 up to its maximum sustained speed of 24 knots. Generally, as the
ships speed increases, it becomes more stable and motions decrease. As speed increases, the
maximum value of the spectrum peak decreases. Therefore, as the design currently stands,
flight operations would NOT be limited at any speed in Sea State 5.

48

4.2.4 Environmental
As the conversion did not affect existing waste processing equipment, the ship
maintains the same level of environmental standards and remains in compliance with US
Navy policy for waste disposal. There will, however, be a need for increased sanitation
equipment due the addition of SOF. All sanitation equipment installed for this conversion
will meet all guidelines and environmental standards within US Navy environmental policies.
4.3 Operation and Support
The SOF ship crew is the same as that of the LMSR. This crew will operate the ship
under all circumstances. When a SOF group is embarked, the ships crew and SOF will
operate largely independent of each other. However, as mentioned previously, SOF will be
required to provide personnel to augment the ships crew with hotel tasks.
4.4 Cost and Risk
4.4.1 Cost Estimation
A weight-based methodology developed by the MIT 13A program was modified and
used to estimate the conversion costs. The estimate is broken down into removal costs,
addition costs, shipbuilder, and government costs. Table 27 lists the major cost estimates in
FY03 dollars. The model assumed a 3% inflation rate, an in-service date of 2004, and a 30year service life. The development of the SOF model sought to be cost-effective in all
decisions. Each specific modification received a cost estimate through a SWBS breakdown
approximation of weights added and removed. This weight change was entered into the
weight-based cost model and a variant cost was obtained. Accuracy of this variant cost is
subject to change based on contractor and overhead costs. This weight-based cost analysis
produced costs within sponsor requirements. If the entire removal and addition of weights
was performed in the cheapest category of the SWBS breakdown groups (Hull Structure), the
estimated conversion cost is 41.2 million dollars. Obviously, there are electrical and
outfitting modifications that need to be performed, and these SWBS weight groups have
higher Cost Equivalent Ratios (CERs) associated with them. That brings the conversion cost
to 86.16 million dollars. Further investigation would need to be performed in this area to

49

ensure that the CERs being used are accurate. The complete cost model is included in
Appendix H.
Table 27. Conversion Cost Estimates
Estimate Source

Estimate ($M)

Conversion of LMSR to SOF Ship

New construction of LMSR
New construction of SOF Ship

86.16
250.00
300.49

The LMSR program currently has 19 ships. The addition of each ship to the fleet lowers
the cost associated with each follow-on vessel. The values listed above take into account the
lead ship serving as a follow-on ship. The cost calculated for new construction of an LMSR
using our cost model is 434.29 million dollars. According to Avondale Industries, the
contract for the seventh strategic sealift ship is $250 million. A cost correction factor of
0.576 was applied to the total SOF conversion cost and new construction ships.
4.4.2 Risk
Risk can be defined as the probability of failure multiplied by a measure of the
consequences of failure. This design attempts to minimize risk where feasible, while still
maintaining an aggressive approach to use of innovative technology to improve effectiveness
and lower cost. The following areas were considered in the risk areas in the assessment of the
SOF Ship design:

Development of the flight deck

Advanced berthing installation and messing

Development of modularized C4I infrastructure

The primary function of the SOF Ship is to support SOF missions. A failure in this

area is a failure of the mission of the ship. Therefore, the two most important areas to
develop are the flight deck and hangar bay. Flight decks have been installed on carriers for
over 80 years. However, as with all other new ship modifications, first time installation of a
new component is always full of risk. The technology used to install the new flight deck,
therefore must be compatible with that used to install the flight decks on the other modern
CVNs or LHAs.

50

Advanced crew berthing and accommodation technology is well developed, and has
been used successfully on recent ship modifications. These berthings are light, simple to
construct, and provide more crew comfort. It is essential that such technology be
incorporated into the design of this ship for weight reduction and reduced equipment costs.
The last area of possible risk entails the development of modularized C4I systems.
Since SOF bring their own equipment, it was essential that sections of the ship be designated
for such equipment as a plug and play design. Further study would have to be conducted
in this area to determine exactly what modifications would have to be made to the existing
command and control systems, particularly what kind of electronic provisions would have to
be cable ready.

51

5.0 DESIGN CONCLUSIONS

5.1 Summary of Final Concept Design
Starting from a T-AKR 300, the SOF ship development process created a platform with
the same, or improved, weight, KG, and strength. Table 28 summarizes the SOF Ship
conversion design.
Table 28. SOF Ship Dimensions and Performance
LBP
Beam
Full Load Displacement
Full Load KG
Max speed

884 ft
106 ft
48,937 ltons
39.98 ft
24.0 knots

LOA
Full Load Draft
Light Ship Displacement
Light Ship KG
Endurance

951 ft
27.80 ft
37,681 ltons
45.67 ft
10,000 + nm @ 24 knots

The SOF ship design removes the topside cranes, aft ramp, and internal deck hatches
and ramps from the current LMSR. It was important to retain the original superstructure for
cost reduction as well as for strength and stability concerns. The flight deck was then
mounted on the main deck and the elevators were added. The SOF Ship design increases the
lightship weight by 3957 long tons. The ships crew size remains the same, but it has
capacity for an additional 2000 personnel for troop transport. Also, a ship self-defense
system was installed for protection against threats. Similarly, space was allocated for the
command and communications center for mission need. The cost of the conversion is
estimated at $86.16 million. Table 29 summarizes the removals and additions to the original
ship.
Table 29. Summary of Removals and Additions
Removals
Additions
Flight Deck
Cranes
Elevators
Aft Ramp
Ship Self-Defense System
Topside Fan Rooms
Command and Control Centers
Internal Hatches and Ramps
Ready/Briefing/SCIF Rooms
Berthing Facilities
Weapons Magazines
Ship Support Storage
Mission Support Storage
Medical and Dental Facilities
Boat Cranes and Winches
AC/ventilation
52

5.2 Final Conclusions and Recommendations

Conversion of an LMSR, such as the T-AKR 300, to a SOF platform is feasible and
merits consideration. The design meets the requirements for a cost-effective, near-term
solution to the need for a SOF/Aviation support platform. The ship serves as a mobile
offshore platform for SOF mission support and is equipped with its own self-defense
armament.
Based on the MNS guidance and policy, the SOF platform will provide support for
interagency, joint, and Allied forces. This vessel will provide modular flexibility to perform
individual or multiple missions, thereby freeing other major assets to dedicate their full
resources in the performance of their primary missions. As a result, this conversion provides
a valuable asset to the fleet.
This report describes ship conversion concept design results based on SOF mission
estimates. A hands-on inspection of the Bob Hope class LMSR would serve to improve the
accuracy of space allocation and design for this project. Further analysis is required in the
following areas:

cost analysis and LMSR follow-on ship costs

elevator cross section structural strength (using software program like

Maestro)

detailed manning breakdown for routine functions

ventilation and air conditioning system

hotel services such as sanitation services

hangar bay drainage/freeboard issues

boat launch and recovery details

detailed wind study

53

References
[1] Federation of American Scientists, Accessed the website at
http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/takr-300.htm
[2] Federation of American Scientists, Accessed the website at
http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/takr-295.htm
[3] Federation of American Scientists, Accessed the website at
http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/cvn-68.htm
[4] Federation of American Scientists, Accessed the website at
http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/lhd-1.htm
[5] Federation of American Scientists, Accessed the website at
http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/lph-2.htm
[6] Federation of American Scientists, Accessed the website at
http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/lha-1.htm
[7] Federation of American Scientists, Accessed the website at
http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/lpd-4.htm
[8] Federation of American Scientists, Accessed the website at
http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/mark_v.htm
[9] Federation of American Scientists, Accessed the website at
http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/rhib.htm
[10] Federation of American Scientists, Accessed the website at
http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/tao-187.htm
[11] Federation of American Scientists, Accessed the website at
http://www.chinfo.navy.mil/navpalib/factfile/ships/ship-takr2.html
[12] Federation of American Scientists, Accessed the website at
http://niigata-power.com/ps/prod/de.htm
[13] Global Security Organization, Accessed the website at
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/budget/fy1997/dot-e/navy/97ssds.html
[14] Ships Drawing and Specifications, T-AKR 300 Bob Hope Class
[15] Weight and Moment Estimate, T-AKR 300 Bob Hope Class
The Program of Ships Salvage and Engineering (POSSE) and Ship Wave Analysis (SWAN)
software packages were used for this for this study.

54

Appendix A
Mission Needs Statement

55

UNCLASSIFIED
MISSION NEED STATEMENT
FOR
A SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES SHIP
1. DEFENSE PLANNING GUIDANCE ELEMENT
a. This Mission Need Statement (MNS) provides requirements for a Special
Operations Forces (SOF) ship for the near future. The multi-mission capabilities are a result
of the chosen combat suite, hull, and mechanical and electrical systems. The above systems
ensure battlespace dominance for expeditionary, interagency, joint and allied forces. This
ship must operate wherever required to provide SOF capabilities. The mission capabilities
must be fully interoperable with other naval, interagency, joint and allied forces.
b. This MNS should guide 21st Century SOF surface ship design, research,
development and acquisition program decisions, service and joint doctrine, and cooperative
efforts with U.S. allies.
2. MISSION AND THREAT ANALYSIS
a. Mission. The general mission of this ship is to provide integrated SOF capabilities,
to provide independent forward presence, and to operate as an integral part of joint and allied
maritime warfare operations.
b. Objectives. The Special Operations Forces Ship must have flexibility to meet the
multi-mission requirements, while at the same time, employing a self defense capability
against a variety of threats. It must be interoperable with other expeditionary, interagency,
joint, and allied forces under the C4I for the Warrior/Copernicus architecture. The Special
Operations Forces Ship must contribute to open ocean surface, air, and sub-surface
dominance.
c. Capabilities.
(1) Power Projection The ship must destroy or neutralize enemy targets ashore
through the use of coordinated aviation and special operations forces. It must be
capable of conducting cooperative operations with other ships, submarines, aircraft,
space and land systems.
(2) Battlespace Dominance To support regional expeditionary, joint and allied
force operations, and maintain sea lines of communication. The ship must be able to
embark and support armed rotary-wing, VTOL/STOVL aircraft as well as
deployment of SOF.
(3) Command, Control and Surveillance The ship must be fully interoperable
with other naval, interagency, joint, and allied forces, and with space and ground
based sensors under the C4I for the Warrior/Copernicus architecture. The
communications suite must have an integrated database capable of interfacing in a
Joint Task Force/Combined Task Force (JTF/CTF) environment to include

56

compatibility with joint systems such as the Global Command and Control System
(GCCS), the Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System (JWICS) and the
Joint Deployable Intelligence Support System (JDISS). It must be designed to be a
tactical operational extension using Tactical Command Center (TCC) and Tactical
Data Information Exchange System (TADIX) within the emerging Joint
Communications Planning and Management System. The ship must have a full suite
of radios and antennas to support full connectivity via EHF/SHF/UHF SATCOM
using full DAMA for each circuit. The ship must have an cryptologic capability
designed to collect, process and geolocate signals of interest in order to describe and
fully exploit the electronic battle space. Cryptologic capability is required to provide
near real-time indications and warning and situational awareness to tactical decision
makers and to support CO situational awareness, coordinate actions with other forces
and communicate the ship's actions to appropriate commanders. Connectivity must
include seamless integration for both organic and off-ship sensor inputs to shooter
actions.
(4) Survivability The ship shall have the survivability criteria of ship system
redundancy to ensure graceful degradation of capability to make the total loss of the
ship highly unlikely even if hit.
(5) Mobility The ship must steam to design capability and maneuver at
sustained task force speeds. The design must provide sufficient machinery
redundancy for graceful degradation of mobility and survivability. The ship must be
able to perform seamanship, airmanship and navigation tasks; prevent and control
damage; and replenish at sea.
(6) Fleet Support Operations Conduct in-flight refueling of rotary wing
aircraft; conduct Search and Rescue (SAR) operations; and provide routine health
care, first aid assistance, triage and resuscitation.
(7) Non-Combat Operations The ship must provide emergency and disaster
assistance; support operations to evacuate noncombatant personnel in areas of civil or
international crisis; support and conduct vertical takeoff and/or rotary wing aircraft
operations; provide unit-level upkeep and maintenance.
3. NON-MATERIAL ALTERNATIVES
Mission Area Analyses were conducted as part of the SOF/Aviation support platform.
These analyses determined that changes in doctrine and operational concepts are not
sufficient to address deficiencies. Doctrine changes and operational concepts required
without a SOF platform would include: inability to project expeditionary strike power from
the sea; severely degraded ability to project precise strike power against land targets;
inability to maintain meaningful, visible forward presence for coalition building; thus
requiring allies undertake these missions.

57

4. POTENTIAL MATERIEL ALTERNATIVES

a. Material alternatives include (1) conversion of an amphibious class ship to a
special operations forces ship, (2) conversion of a commercial tanker/container
ship/roll-on roll-off vessel, (3) conversion of an existing LMSR ship, and (4)
design and acquisition of a new ship.
b. The ongoing LMSR acquisition program could potentially address this need
through a forward-fit modification program by capitalizing on advanced
technology. However, to do this, it would need to employ a modified approach in
the design.

58

5. CONSTRAINTS
a. Key Boundary Conditions.
(1) Architecture The ship design must employ a total ship
architectural/engineering approach that optimizes life cycle cost and performance;
minimizes operating conflicts; permits rapid upgrade and change in response to
evolving operational requirements; allows computational and communication
resources to keep technological pace with commercial capabilities wherever possible.
More specifically this implies physical element modularity; functional sharing of
hardware; open systems information architecture; ship wide resource management;
automation of Command, Control, Communications, and Computers (C4I), combat
engineering, and navigation functions; integrated ship wide data management;
automation and minimization of maintenance and administrative functions; and
embedded training. The approach should also promote commonality of design among
ship classes.
(2) Design Consideration should be given to the maximum use of modular
designs in the SOF ship infrastructure. Emerging technologies must be accounted for
during the developmental phase. Since communication and data systems hold the
greatest potential for growth, and therefore obsolescence, their installations must be
modularized as much as possible to allow for future upgrades. Use standard man-tomachine interfaces among the systems onboard. The man-to-machine interfaces
should be consistent with existing user-friendly systems.
(3) Personnel The ship must be automated to a sufficient degree to realize
significant manpower reductions in engineering, combat systems, ship support and
Condition III watchstanding requirements.
(4) Back-fit Major functional elements of a Special Operations Forces Ship
must be applicable to other forward fit ship construction programs.
b. Operational Constraints.
(1) The Special Operations Forces Ship must incur only minimal degradation
of operational capability in heavy weather or in the presence of electromagnetic,
nuclear, biological and chemical contamination and/or shock effects from nuclear and
conventional weapon attack.
(2) Any Special Operations Forces Ship must meet the survivability
requirements of Level I as defined in OPNAVINST 9070.1.
(3) The Special Operations Forces Ship must provide rotary-wing,
VTOL/STOVL, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) landing and hangaring facilities.
Ammunition storage for operational support of armed aircraft must also be provided.
(4) The ship must be able to operate in U.S., foreign, and international waters
in full compliance with existing U.S. and international pollution control laws and
regulations.
(5) All ship and combat system elements must make use of standard
subsystems and meet required development practices. The Special Operations Forces
Ship must be fully integrated with other U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, joint and allied
forces, and other agencies. Joint goals for standardization and interoperability will be
achieved to the maximum feasible extent.
(6) The ship must be able to transit through the Panama Canal (PANAMAX).

59

Appendix B
Weights Removed/Added

60

13.413.Conversion
Project
Weight
Removed
Displacem
Lightship data
#

Description
1
2
3
4
5
6

7
8
10
11
12

Fan house 02
Fan house 03
fan enclosures A deck
04 mod to stack
HULL STRUCTURAL
CLOSURES
Hatch, scuttle & berp
Deck A-B
Hinged ramp A dk to B dk
Hinged ramp B dk to C dk
fan enclosures A deck
Kingpost for sternramp
Cargo hatches inst. Arrays
TOTAL GROUP

Light
Element

16

Emerg dsl outf

Blw arr 05 dk
TOTAL GROUP
Outft Emerg diesel
TOTAL GROUP

LCG
1621173.00

VCG

Moment
ft-tons

496.87

TCG
16756014.00

LCG

Moment

ft

ft-tons

0.32

10640.00

TCG

Moment

ft

ft-tons

ft

9.81
3.65
15.24
57.35

125.00
125.00
93.00
142.93

1226.00
456.00
1416.86
8196.75

701.11
700.10
221.23
773.15

6876.49
2553.96
3370.44
44338.61

-13.98
-42.34
5.38
11.66

-137.12
-154.46
81.96
668.68

167
168
168
169
169
123
172
172
170

162.10
3.89
2012.00
36.54
132.35
1.90
173.84
10.71
2619.37

93.33
93.33
82.00
99.00
66.00
104.00
132.00
99.69
87.17

15129
363.43
164984.00
3616.97
8734.84
198.06
22947.14
1067.28
228336.11

766.00
756.56
687.00
723.74
639.02
687.00
910.16
322.14
702.65

124169
2946.04
1382244.00
26441.84
84571.74
1308.31
158224.03
3448.83
1840492.89

0.00
-7.55
0.00
-13.08
35.52
99.00
0.10
-2.82
1.84

0
-29.40
0.00
-477.88
4700.93
188.53
17.38
-30.19
4828.45

2619.37

87.17

228336.11

702.65

1840492.89

1.84

4828.45

607.37

87.17

228336.11

702.65

1840492.89

1.84

4828.45

15.74
15.74

120.00
120.00

1888.44
1888.44

759.76
759.76

11956.34
11956.34

12.49
12.49

196.56
196.56

15.74

120.00

1888.44

759.76

11956.34

12.49

196.56

29.61
0.11
29.71
2.40
2.40

120.00
143.00
120.08
120.00
104.11

3552.60
15.30
3567.90
250.18
250.18

882.26
757.00
881.81
885.57
885.57

26119.31
81.00
26200.31
2128.02
2128.02

-0.33
-23.00
-0.41
3.66
3.66

-9.77
-2.46
-12.23
8.79
8.79

259
250

GROUP 200
14
15

48.07

Tons

GROOP 100
Mchry csg A-03
TOTAL GROUP

Weight

KG light

123
123
123
162

GROUP 100 WITH AB DK

13

33723.00

312
313
310
342
340

61

17

Outft Emerg diesel

TOTAL GROUP

398
390

GROUP 300
18

2.08
2.08

120.00
102.49

212.65
212.65

885.10
885.10

1836.58
1836.37

1.94
1.94

4.03
4.02

34.19

117.89

4030.73

882.27

30164.70

0.02

0.58

Outft Emerg diesel

TOTAL GROUP
Outft Emerg diesel
Mchnery csge to 03 lvl
TOTAL GROUP
Mchnery csge to 03 lvl
TOTAL GROUP
Mchnery csge to 03 lvl
TOTAL GROUP

512
510
526
526
520
534
530
551
550

2.49
2.49
0.14
0.20
0.34
0.42
0.42
0.34
0.34

120.00
120.00
120.00
120.00
120.00
120.00
107.11
120.00
108.24

298.92
298.92
17.28
23.40
40.68
45.20
45.20
36.91
36.91

885.57
885.57
885.98
765.38
816.61
766.33
766.33
766.96
766.96

2205.95
2205.95
127.58
149.25
276.83
323.39
323.39
261.53
261.53

-4.55
-4.55
1.09
5.55
3.66
5.10
5.10
5.96
5.96

-11.33
-11.33
0.16
1.08
1.24
2.15
2.15
2.03
2.03

23
24
25

Stern ramp assembly inst.

Stern ramp
Twin crane & boom rest
TOTAL GROUP

589
589
589
580

20.53
242.15
405.74
668.41

132.00
132.00
117.29
123.07

2709.56
31963.14
47588.66
82261.36

912.05
950.94
612.08
744.05

18721.65
230265.37
248342.28
497329.30

0.00
0.00
-4.45
-2.70

0.00
0.00
-1805.52
-1805.52

26

Twin crane & boom rest

TOTAL GROUP

598
590

23.63
23.63

120.65
120.65

2850.47
2850.47

441.50
441.50

10430.44
10430.44

0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00

695.63

122.96

85533.54

734.34

510827.44

-2.60

-1811.43

0.59
98.50
99.09

123.91
127.50
127.48

73.35
12558.75
12632.10

776.56
766.00
766.06

459.72
75451.00
75910.72

1.31
0.00
0.01

0.78
0.00
0.78

99.09

127.48

12632.10

766.06

75910.72

0.01

0.78

3464.01

95.96

332420.92

712.86

2469352.10

0.93

3214.93

1452.01

95.96

332420.92

712.86

2469352.10

0.93

3214.93

19
20
21
22

GROUP 500
27
28

Misc. boards & signs

Deck covering schedule
TOTAL GROUP

GROUP 600
MODIFICATION INCLUDED AB DK

631
634
630

(for POSSE analysis)

TOTAL MODIFICATION

62

Total Disp
FINAL STABILITY
PARAMETERS

30258.99

VCG

LCG

42.59

63

472.14

TCG
0.25

13.413.Conversion
Project
Weight
Added

Light
#

Description

Element

Displacem
30258.99

KG after
mod
42.59

0.00

LCG
472.14

0.00

Weight

VCG

Moment

LCG

Moment

TCG
0.25
tons
TCG

Tons

ft

ft-tons

ft

ft-tons

ft

ft-tons

10640.00
Moment

Flying deck fwd section

111

1210.49

89.37

108181.76

102.02

123494.50

0.00

0.00

Flying deck ctr section

111

1449.19

89.37

129514.29

351.63

509579.38

0.00

0.00

Flying deck aft section

111

175.35

89.37

15670.94

740.06

129768.78

0.00

0.00

Fly. Dk Longit. Framing

116

55.19

83.00

4580.52

475.00

26213.83

0.00

0.00

5
6
7

Fly. Dk Trans. Framing

Fan house 02
Fan house 03
TOTAL GROUP
Mchry csg A-03
04dk frame fnd
04dk fnd
04dk fnd
04dk fnd
04dk fnd
04dk fnd
04dk fnd
04dk fnd
04dk fnd
04dk fnd
Comp array blw 04 dk
Comp array blw 04 dk
Comp array blw 04 dk
Comp array blw 04 dk
Comp array blw 04 dk
Comp array blw 04 dk
Arrg H dk

117
123
123
170
185
184
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185

192.00
3.23
3.46
3088.91
0.70
0.29
1.36
0.10
0.85
0.07
0.07
0.04
0.02
2.07
0.04
2.72
3.26
0.37
1.90
1.14
1.48
0.13

83.00
18.00
18.00
88.71
18.00
130.02
109.78
109.78
110.00
110.78
110.00
109.78
110.00
110.34
110.11
124.98
125.21
125.00
125.21
125.00
124.98
90.00

15936.00
58.07
62.28
274003.86
12.60
37.58
149.30
11.09
93.83
8.20
8.14
3.95
1.76
228.29
4.84
339.95
408.69
46.63
237.40
142.75
185.47
11.70

475.00
181.35
727.00
285.98
183.90
780.08
706.01
793.41
776.98
774.00
798.00
675.17
766.68
697.00
784.17
732.36
781.42
828.89
739.04
733.71
780.78
871.74

91200.00
585.04
2515.42
883356.94
128.73
225.44
960.17
80.13
662.76
57.28
59.05
24.31
12.27
1442.09
34.50
1992.02
2550.55
309.18
1401.22
837.90
1158.68
113.33

0.00
-2.78
-1.16
0.00
-0.56
41.27
23.60
45.51
-11.09
46.42
-46.42
52.29
2.29
-19.94
-52.36
-0.92
-7.19
3.64
-3.45
-0.10
-0.71
35.25

0.00
-8.97
-4.01
-12.98
-0.39
11.93
32.10
4.60
-9.46
3.44
-3.44
1.88
0.04
-41.26
-2.30
-2.50
-23.47
1.36
-6.54
-0.11
-1.05
4.58

8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
141

64

142
143
144
145
32
33
34
35
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66

Arrg H dk
Arrg H dk
Arrg H dk
Arrg H dk
Comp array blw 04 dk
Comp array blw 04 dk
Comp array blw 04 dk
Comp array blw 04 dk
Comp array blw 04 dk
Comp array blw 04 dk
Comp array blw 04 dk
Comp array blw 04 dk
Comp array blw 04 dk
Comp array blw 04 dk
Comp array blw 04 dk
Comp array blw 04 dk
Comp array blw 04 dk
Comp array blw 04 dk
Comp array H dk
Comp array H dk
Comp array H dk
Side shell 04
Side shell 04
HELO ELEV. Supp. Sys. PORT
HELO ELEV. Supp. Sys. STDB
Arrg H dk
Arrg H dk
Arrg H dk
Int arrgment
Hdk frame fnd
Hdk frame fnd
Hdk fnd
Hdk fnd
Hdk fnd
Hdk fnd
Hdk fnd
Emergency diesel mach. Foundations
Storerooms + issue rooms

185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185

3.46
0.43
0.46
1.44
0.18
0.16
0.23
0.09
0.20
0.25
0.35
0.72
0.22
0.16
0.18
0.41
0.31
0.20
0.14
0.23
0.32
0.81
0.15
145.60
145.60
0.33
1.57
1.08
0.17
0.14
0.13
0.07
0.07
0.14
0.21
4.13
160.00
814.11

90.00
90.00
90.00
90.00
121.98
122.00
121.98
122.12
122.14
122.23
121.78
122.00
121.98
122.12
122.14
122.23
122.00
122.00
91.00
91.00
91.00
120.00
120.00
60.00
60.00
91.00
91.00
91.00
90.00
90.00
90.00
90.00
90.00
90.00
90.00
90.00
16.10
15.00

65

311.58
38.79
41.58
129.60
21.83
19.64
28.06
11.48
24.18
31.05
42.62
87.84
26.59
19.66
22.23
49.75
37.70
23.79
12.47
20.84
28.67
97.68
17.40
8736.00
8736.00
30.03
143.14
98.55
14.85
12.87
11.61
6.39
6.57
12.24
18.81
371.61
2576.00
12211.65

756.70
781.94
780.91
799.02
775.73
839.88
744.60
802.46
799.85
855.94
744.96
799.52
741.04
760.30
826.90
846.75
728.07
793.46
829.87
883.17
844.95
649.05
585.44
550.05
390.05
846.29
887.07
845.78
799.00
801.00
786.00
794.00
702.00
767.00
819.63
817.89
220.78
201.00

2619.70
337.02
360.78
1150.59
138.86
135.22
171.26
75.43
158.37
217.41
260.74
575.65
161.55
122.41
150.50
344.63
224.97
154.72
113.69
202.25
266.16
528.33
84.89
80087.28
56791.28
279.28
1395.36
915.98
131.84
114.54
101.39
56.37
51.25
104.31
171.30
3377.07
35324.80
163636.11

1.04
10.21
-17.02
-35.25
-6.61
2.40
2.97
3.35
0.04
0.00
-3.83
4.69
1.34
-7.78
0.50
-2.45
-0.15
-11.20
-2.88
-22.13
-3.47
6.12
51.54
35.50
-35.50
-10.11
-10.77
-5.60
-10.44
15.56
1.92
43.25
-19.34
40.38
-28.47
0.10
0.00
6.45

3.60
4.40
-7.86
-50.76
-1.18
0.39
0.68
0.31
0.01
0.00
-1.34
3.38
0.29
-1.25
0.09
-1.00
-0.05
-2.18
-0.39
-5.07
-1.09
4.98
7.47
5168.80
-5168.80
-3.34
-16.94
-6.06
-1.72
2.23
0.25
3.07
-1.41
5.49
-5.95
0.41
0.00
5251.01

TOTAL GROUP

67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
0
90
91
92
93

94

GROUP 100
Mchry csg A-03
GROUP 200
Emerg dsl outf
TOTAL GROUP
Mchnery csge to 03 lvl
Outft Emerg diesel
Comp array blw 04 dk
Pwr sys lvl 04
Comp array blw 04 dk
Arrg below H dk
Arrg below H dk
Arrg below H dk
Pwr sys H dk
TOTAL GROUP
Mchnery csge to 03 lvl
Light sys dk 04
Comp array blw 04 dk
Arrg below 04 dk
Arrg below 04 dk
Arrg below 04 dk
Arrg below H dk
Arrg below H dk
Arrg below H dk
Comp & fltr house
Comp & fltr house
TOTAL GROUP
Outft Emerg diesel
Mchnery csge from 03 lvl
Arrg H dk
TOTAL GROUP
Outft Emerg diesel
TOTAL GROUP
GROUP 300
Antenna arrgment

180

259
312
310
321
324
321
321
324
321
321
321
321
320
331
331
332
332
332
332
332
332
332
331
331
330
342
342
342
340
398
390
421

1301.07

27.72

36063.51

279.11

363142.88

3.96

5149.84

4389.98
15.74
15.74
29.61
29.61
2.02
1.05
0.44
0.47
0.11
0.87
1.26
0.59
0.47
7.28
0.03
0.10
0.77
0.81
0.88
1.01
0.29
0.26
0.86
0.15
0.15
5.29
12.40
10.16
3.08
25.64
2.08
2.08
69.90

70.63
16.00
16.00
18.00
18.00
18.00
18.00
120.00
124.90
120.00
91.00
91.00
91.00
60.00
62.60
18.00
98.99
98.99
98.78
99.12
99.12
99.14
99.00
98.99
18.00
18.00
94.06
18.00
18.00
77.00
25.09
18.00
18.00
31.00

310067.36
251.79
251.79
532.98
532.98
36.34
18.90
53.28
58.45
12.84
79.17
115.02
53.60
28.08
455.69
0.61
9.70
75.83
79.91
87.23
99.71
28.35
25.64
85.33
2.61
2.61
497.53
223.20
182.88
237.08
643.16
37.44
37.44
2166.81

283.94
219.76
219.76
183.90
183.90
183.90
183.90
788.91
793.50
772.00
832.55
854.09
877.25
893.50
564.26
183.90
734.50
795.73
743.72
770.38
841.00
832.94
888.14
861.50
744.50
744.50
801.58
183.90
183.90
872.86
266.65
183.90
183.90
300.61

1246499.82
3458.36
3458.36
5445.28
5445.28
371.29
193.14
350.28
371.36
82.60
724.32
1079.57
516.70
418.16
4107.42
6.21
71.98
609.53
601.67
677.93
846.05
238.22
230.03
742.61
107.95
107.95
4240.13
2280.36
1868.42
2687.78
6836.56
382.51
382.51
21011.91

1.17
12.49
12.49
-0.56
-0.56
-0.56
-0.56
-0.74
0.00
-0.75
1.23
-1.81
0.00
0.00
-0.46
-0.56
0.00
-4.17
0.00
-8.79
0.00
0.57
1.14
0.00
12.50
12.50
-1.30
-0.56
-0.56
12.42
1.00
1.94
1.94
0.04

5136.86
196.56
196.56
-16.58
-16.58
-1.13
-0.59
-0.33
0.00
-0.08
1.07
-2.29
0.00
0.00
-3.35
-0.02
0.00
-3.19
0.00
-7.74
0.00
0.16
0.30
0.00
1.81
1.81
-6.87
-6.94
-5.69
38.24
25.61
4.04
4.04
2.85

0.10

47.70

4.77

727.25

72.73

0.00

0.00

66

95
96
97

Antenna arrgment
Elec. arrgment
Elec. arrgment
TOTAL GROUP

422
421
422
420

1.36
0.10
1.36
2.92

47.70
39.70
39.70
43.70

64.92
3.97
54.03
127.69

730.00
727.25
730.00
729.81

98

Comp array blw 04 dk

432

0.46

99

General Alarm sys

436

1.88

120.00

55.68

120.00

225.60

100

Fire & smoke det sys

436

2.02

120.00

101

Antenna arrgment

434

0.26

102

Comp array C Dk

432

103

Gral Alarm sys

104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114

Fire & smoke det sys

Elec. arrgment
Comp array C Dk
Gral Alarm sys
Fire & smoke det sys
Comp array C Dk
Gral Alarm sys
Fire & smoke det sys
Comp array blw B dk
Boat crane STBD
Boat crane PORT
TOTAL GROUP
Radio room
Antenna arrgment
Radar Equipment
Satellite coms
Radio room
Elec. arrgment
Satellite coms
Satellite coms
TOTAL GROUP

123
124
125
126
127
128

115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122

993.53
72.73
993.53
2132.51

-5.07
0.00
-5.07
-4.72

-6.90
0.00
-6.90
-13.80

745.00

345.68

-4.00

-1.86

776.00

1458.88

0.00

0.00

242.64

776.00

1569.07

0.00

0.00

47.70

12.45

732.00

191.05

9.87

2.58

0.46

47.70

22.13

745.00

345.68

-4.00

-1.86

436

1.88

47.70

89.68

776.00

1458.88

0.00

0.00

436
434
432
436
436
432
436
436
432
432
432
430
441
441
445
446
441
441
445
446
440

2.02
0.26
0.46
1.88
2.02
0.46
1.88
0.20
0.76
17.00
17.00
50.93
1.83
0.75
0.20
0.74
1.83
0.75
0.20
0.74
7.04

47.70
39.70
39.70
39.70
39.70
47.30
47.40
47.20
39.70
61.3
61.3
62.11
47.70
47.70
47.70
47.70
39.70
39.70
39.70
39.70
43.70

96.45
10.36
18.42
74.64
80.27
21.95
89.11
9.44
30.33
1042.10
1042.10
3163.35
87.34
35.78
9.54
35.30
72.69
29.78
7.94
29.38
307.74

776.00
732.00
735.00
735.00
735.00
387.00
384.00
386.00
369.00
369.00
369.00
474.10
738.55
729.07
743.36
744.76
748.55
739.07
743.36
744.76
741.77

1569.07
191.05
341.04
1381.80
1486.17
179.57
721.92
77.20
281.92
6273.00
6273.00
24144.98
1352.29
546.80
148.67
551.12
1370.60
554.30
148.67
551.12
5223.57

0.00
9.87
-4.00
0.00
0.00
-4.00
0.00
0.00
-4.00
42.00
-42.00
-0.10
1.97
-5.22
0.00
0.00
1.97
-5.22
0.00
0.00
-0.09

0.00
2.58
-1.86
0.00
0.00
-1.86
0.00
0.00
-3.06
714.00
-714.00
-5.33
3.61
-3.92
0.00
0.00
3.61
-3.92
0.00
0.00
-0.62

Shipboard PC cabling

493

0.80

124.00

99.20

792.50

634.00

0.00

0.00

Cmd & surv

Shipboard PC cabling
Cmd & surv
Shipboard PC cabling
Cmd & surv

499
493
499
493
499

1.80
0.80
1.80
0.80
1.80

127.87
47.70
47.70
39.70
39.70

230.17
38.16
85.86
31.76
71.46

760.00
792.50
760.00
735.00
735.00

1368.00
634.00
1368.00
588.00
1323.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

67

129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
150

151
152
153
154
155

156
157
158

Shipboard PC cabling
METEOROLOGICAL SYSTEM
SPECIAL PURPOSE INTELLIGENCE
SPECIAL PURPOSE INTELLIGENCE
Cmd & surv
TOTAL GROUP
GROUP 400
Mchnery csge to E DK
Outft Emerg diesel
Mchnery csge to E Dk
Mchnery csge to E DK
Mchnery csge to E DK
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
TOTAL GROUP
Outft Emerg diesel
Mchnery csge E DK
WASHDOWN SYSTEM
PLUMBING DRAINAGE AFT
PLUMBING DRAINAGE FWD
DRAINAGE AND BALLASTING
SYSTEM
TOTAL GROUP
Miscellaneous tanks
Mchnery csge to E DK
Piping Diesel Emer. Mach Box
TOTAL GROUP

493
494
495
495
499
490
511
512
512
514
514
514
510
526
526
523
528
528

2.00
0.70
1.20
1.80
1.80
15.30
76.19
0.18
2.49
2.04
0.33
0.33
94.94
100.47
0.14
0.20
8.54
28.03
32.00

47.70
123.00
119.00
121.50
46.80
77.38
62.77
18.00
18.00
18.00
18.00
18.00
25.00
46.46
18.00
18.00
25.00
25.78
15.00

95.40
86
143
219
84.24
1183.85
4782.62
3.24
44.82
36.72
5.94
5.85
4568.00
4667.45
2.52
3.60
213.50
723
480

385.00
798.00
810.00
803.00
382.00
676.38
549.27
183.84
182.90
183.67
189.90
766.76
628.17
606.32
183.84
189.90
456.61
657.90
134.89

770.00
558.60
972.00
1445.40
687.60
10348.60
41849.67
33.09
455.42
374.69
62.67
249.20
59638.00
60914.10
25.74
37.98
3899.43
18440.94
4316.48

0.00
0.00
0.00
-12.80
0.00
-1.51
-0.56
-0.76
1.56
-0.56
-0.56
4.15
14.23
13.45
-0.76
-0.56
-14.56
5.78
0.00

0.00
0
0
-23
0.00
-23.04
-42.78
-0.14
3.88
-1.14
-0.18
1.35
1351
1351.69
-0.11
-0.11
-124.3424
162
0

529
520
532
534
534
530

353.41
422.32
0.32
0.42
3.04
3.78

19.00
19.27
19.73
18.00
38.69
34.79

6715
8137.02
6.31
7.56
117.62
131.49

346.89
353.56
686.00
183.90
675.50
621.76

122594
149314.96
219.52
77.24
2053.51
2350.27

1.90
1.68
32.00
1.94
-22.02
-14.78

Helo FUEL & FUEL COMPENSATING

Helo FUEL & FUEL Purif. Sys
TOTAL GROUP
Comp array blw E Dk
Fire exstinguishing system
TOTAL GROUP
REPLENISHMENT AT SEA SYSTEMS
TOTAL GROUP

541
541
540
551
555
550
571
570

19.24
35.00
54.24
0.08
72.00
72.08
20.00
20.00

30.00
15.00
20.32
18.00
15.00
15.00
78.30
78.30

577.20
525.00
1102.20
1.39
1080.00
1081.39
1566
1566.00

534.88
134.96
276.82
803.11
535.77
536.06
345.64
345.64

10291.00
4723.60
15014.60
61.84
38575.44
38637.28
6913
6912.80

-7.95
0.00
-2.82
2.67
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

671
708.93
10.24
0.81
-66.94
-55.89
152.97164
0
-152.97
0.21
0.00
0.21
0
0.00

Aircraft Recov. Supp. Sys.

Aircraft Launch. Supp. Sys.
Aircraft Handling, serv, stowage

586
587
588

196.20
291.60
100.00

78.00
78.00
76.00

15303.60
22744.80
7600.00

352.50
326.25
452.50

69160.50
95134.50
45250.00

-15.95
25.50
0.00

-3129.39
7435.80
0.00

68

159
160
161
162

163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170

171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188

Liferafts
Liferafts
Environmental Polution Control Sys
HELO Handling, serv, stowage
TOTAL GROUP
GROUP 500
Non structural balckheads
Ladders
Interior joiner stairs
Loiner door & wind list
Ladders
Interior joiner stairs
Auxiliary System fundation FWD
Loiner door & wind list
TOTAL GROUP

583
583
583
588
580
621
623
623
624
623
623
623
624
620

9.42
9.42
46.20
100.00
752.84
1425.72
205.23
0.57
2.54
19.67
4.56
2.54
158.63
19.67
413.42

94.50
94.00
15.00
71.00
73.35
49.33
15.00
45.00
45.00
45.00
45.00
35.00
15.00
35.00
18.06

890.28
885.57
693.00
7100.00
55217.26
70336.81
3078.45
25.70
114.30
885.24
205.20
88.90
2379.45
688.52
7465.76

166.45
166.45
135.88
352.50
337.67
369.88
135.78
737.24
740.49
738.12
737.24
740.49
220.00
738.12
240.31

1568.13
1568.13
6277.66
35250.00
254208.91
527352.92
27866.13
420.96
1880.84
14520.30
3361.81
1880.84
34898.60
14520.30
99349.79

26.80
-26.80
0.00
3.56
6.19
4.57
0.00
6.88
11.85
-13.20
6.88
11.85
6.79
1.75
2.29

252.48
-252.48
0.00
356.00
4662.41
6514.38
0.00
3.93
30.10
-259.67
31.37
30.10
1077.10
34.43
947.35

refrig. Stores arr & dets

TOTAL GROUP
Officer Berthing+messing
Toilett & shower arrgment
NON-COMM OFFICER BERTH & MESS
ENLISTED PERSONNEL BERTH &
MESS
SANITARY SPACES & FIXTURES

638
630
641
644
642

18.51
18.51
11.40
15.78
6.45

18.00
18.00
59.70
59.70
34.98

333.23
333.23
680.58
942.07
225.621

581.00
581.00
531.00
485.48
403.78

10756.05
10756.05
6053.40
7660.87
2604.381

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.79
0

0.00
0.00
0.00
12.47
0.00

643
644

19.12
19.67

34.97
35.03

668.6264
689.0401

405.98
408.76

7762.3376
8040.3092

0
0

5.74
0.00

LEISURE & COMMUNITY SPACES

NON-COMM OFFICER BERTH & MESS
ENLISTED PERSONNEL BERTH &
MESS
SANITARY SPACES & FIXTURES
LEISURE & COMMUNITY SPACES
NON-COMM OFFICER BERTH & MESS
ENLISTED PERSONNEL BERTH &
MESS
SANITARY SPACES & FIXTURES
LEISURE & COMMUNITY SPACES
NON-COMM OFFICER BERTH & MESS
ENLISTED PERSONNEL BERTH &
MESS
SANITARY SPACES & FIXTURES

645
642

3.12
6.45

34.89
34.98

108.8568
225.621

409.33
602.34

1277.1096
3885.093

0
0

0.00
0.00

643
644
645
642

19.12
19.67
3.12
6.45

34.97
35.03
35.00
34.98

668.6264
689.0401
109.2
225.621

609.45
604.67
605.89
602.34

11652.684
11893.8589
1890.3768
3885.093

0
0
0
0

5.74
0.00
0.00
0.00

643
644
645
642

19.12
19.67
3.12
6.45

34.97
35.03
35.00
34.98

668.6264
689.0401
109.2
225.621

609.45
604.67
605.89
602.34

11652.684
11893.8589
1890.3768
3885.093

0
0
0
0

5.74
0.00
0.00
0.00

643
644

19.12
19.67

34.97
35.03

668.6264
689.0401

609.45
604.67

11652.684
11893.8589

0
0

5.74
0.00

69

189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220

LEISURE & COMMUNITY SPACES

NON-COMM OFFICER BERTH & MESS
ENLISTED PERSONNEL BERTH &
MESS
SANITARY SPACES & FIXTURES
LEISURE & COMMUNITY SPACES
NON-COMM OFFICER BERTH & MESS
ENLISTED PERSONNEL BERTH &
MESS
SANITARY SPACES & FIXTURES
LEISURE & COMMUNITY SPACES
TOTAL GROUP
MEDICAL EQ
Galley & scullery
Joiner
Joiner 02-01 dks
Laundries
trash & trash compactor
COMMISSARY PROVISIONS
TOTAL GROUP
Offices
Briefing rooms
Decontam. Sta.
Workshops. Labs, test areas
Decontam. Sta.
OFFICES
MACHINERY CTL CENTER
FURNISHINGS
ELEC. CONTROL CENTER
FURNISHINGS
DAMAGE CONTROL STATION
WORKSHOPS,LAB,TEST AREA
TOTAL GROUP
Shore pwr cable
Stwg life saving eqpmt
Battery stowage
Lockers arr. & details
Cargo securing fitting cov.
Battery stowage

645
642

3.12
6.45

35.00
34.98

109.2
225.621

605.89
403.78

1890.3768
2604.381

0
0

0.00
0.00

643
644
645
642

19.12
19.67
3.12
6.45

34.97
35.03
35.00
34.98

668.6264
689.0401
109.2
225.621

405.98
408.76
409.33
403.78

7762.3376
8040.3092
1277.1096
2604.381

0
0
0
0

5.74
0.00
0.00
0.00

643
644
645
640
652
651
652
654
655
656
651
650
661
661
664
665
664
661

19.12
19.67
3.12
317.34
18.90
25.93
1.54
0.31
13.47
7.40
16.56
84.11
12.90
12.90
20.09
50.00
1.09
6.87

34.97
35.03
35.00
37.11
47.70
36.13
36.01
35.98
35.97
36.09
20.00
35.52
65.04
65.13
64.78
64.67
65.34
65.14

668.6264
689.0401
109.2
11777.23
901.53
936.81
55.46
11.26
484.55
266.99
331.20
2987.81
839.02
840.18
1301.62
3233.50
71.42
447.51

405.98
408.76
409.33
506.50
382.00
567.00
576.89
587.90
586.45
845.60
576.90
555.26
631.00
631.00
431.00
631.00
794.50
679.33

7762.3376
8040.3092
1277.1096
160732.72
7219.80
14701.74
888.41
184.01
7900.07
6255.75
9553.46
46703.25
8139.90
8139.90
8660.08
31550.00
74.13
4667

0
0
0
0.15
0.00
33.51
-7.80
24.46
-28.42
27.14
2.11
8.53
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
12.07
2.77

5.74
0.00
0.00
46.88
0.00
868.88
-12.01
7.66
-382.85
200.78
34.94
717.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
13.19
19.0

662

2.09

35.00

73.15

728.23

1522

6.70

14.0

663
664
665
660
671
671
671
671
671
671

2.09
31.25
13.21
152.50
0.70
3.02
5.82
4.73
16.09
0.82

35.00
65.00
65.00
65.37
83.00
83.00
83.00
50.00
43.87
47.70

272
2031.25
858.65
9968.30
58.10
250.33
483.31
236.70
705.82
39.26

657.42
107.55
691.22
502.43
431.00
431.00
431.00
431.00
331.00
382.00

1374
3361
9131
76619.01
301.70
1299.90
2509.71
2040.35
5325.46
314.39

9.09
33.44
7.80
7.96
0.00
0.00
2.67
0.00
0.00
12.51

19.0
1045.0
103.0
1213.19
0.00
0.00
15.55
0.00
0.00
10.30

70

221
222
223

Auxiliary Equipment space

Store room and issue room
Cargo securing fitting draw.
TOTAL GROUP
Repair parts and special tools
TOTAL GROUP

673
673
673
670
699
690

153.80
165.00
5.09
355.07
65.00
65.00

15.00
14.99
47.70
19.14
14.76
14.76

2307.00
2473.35
242.75
6796.61
959.40
959.40

131.71
335.69
231.20
249.56
135.78
135.78

20257.00
55388.85
1176.58
88613.93
8825.70
8825.70

1.89
8.67
0.00
4.92
0.00
0.00

290.68
1430.55
0.00
1747.08
0.00
0.00

225

GROUP 600
PHALANX STDB

721

1405.95
6.29

28.66
153.78

40288.33
967.28

349.66
774.00

491600.46
4868.46

3.32
-42.10

4671.90
-264.81

226

PHALANX PORT

721

6.29

153.78

967.28

771.00

4849.59

42.10

264.81

227

RAM Launching Device STDB

721

0.94

145.00

136.01

771.00

723.20

-28.60

-26.83

228
229
230

RAM Launching Device PORT

MISSILE STOWAGE STDB (42)
MISSILE STOWAGE PORT (42)
TOTAL GROUP
Lockers arr. & details
Lockers arr. & details
TOTAL GROUP

721
723
723
720
763
763
760

0.94
2.94
2.94
20.34
12.86
4.86
17.73

145.00
13.00
13.00
112.26
44.12
77.00
53.14

136.01
38.22
38.22
2283.01
567.56
374.53
942.09

774.00
607.5
607.5
724.79
631.00
756.85
494.77

726.01
1786.05
1786.05
14739.36
8117.18
654.14
8771.32

28.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
28.45
22.89
26.92

26.83
0.00
0.00
0.00
365.98
111.34
477.32

38.06

84.73

3225.10

617.66

23510.68

12.54

477.32

7421.54

58.09

431118.83

317.36

2355283.82

2.28

16957.08

224

231
232

GROUP 700
TOTAL MODIFICATION

FINAL STABILITY PARAMETERS

Total Disp

VCG

LCG

TCG

37680.53

45.64061423

441.6572402

0.651093

71

Appendix C
Space Allocations

72

SSCS
1
1.1
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.131
1.132
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.2
1.3
1.311
1.3123
1.32
1.34002
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.9
1.91
1.94
2
2.1
2.11
2.13
2.14
2.14003
2.15
2.16
2.2
2.22202
2.22204
2.22403
2.231
2.232
2.233
2.3
2.4
2.41
2.42001
2.44
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.5

Mission Support Area

GROUP
MISSION SUPPORT
COMMAND,COMMUNICATION+SURV
EXTERIOR COMMUNICATIONS
SURVEILLANCE SYS
COMMAND+CONTROL
COMBAT INFO CENTER
CONNING STATIONS
COUNTERMEASURES
INTERIOR COMMUNICATIONS
ENVIORNMENTAL CNTL SUP SYS
WEAPONS
AVIATION
LAUNCHING+RECOVERY AREAS
HELICOPTER RECOVERY
AVIATION CONTROL
HELICOPTER HANGAR AFT
AVIATION ADMINISTRATION
AVIATION MAINTENANCE
AIRCRAFT ORDINANCE
SM ARMS,PYRO+SALU BAT
SM ARMS (LOCKER)
ARMORY
HUMAN SUPPORT
LIVING
OFFICER LIVING
CREW LIVING
GENERAL SANITARY FACILITIES
DECK WASHRM&WC
SHIP RECREATION FAC
TRAINING
COMMISSARY
WARD ROOM GALLEY
CREW GALLEY
CREW SCULLERY
CHILL PROVISIONS
FROZEN PROVISIONS
DRY PROVISIONS
MEDICAL+DENTAL (MEDICAL)
GENERAL SERVICES
SHIP STORE FACILITIES
LAUNDRY
BARBER SERVICE
POSTAL SERVICE
BRIG
RELIGIOUS
PERSONNEL STORES

73

Required

Area
Allocated

Difference

170476.7083
23178.79637
1466.77315
5481.00758
12958.04112
10000
2958.04112
758.173
2393.49384
121.30768
5788.94246
141062.2306
85000
40000
2000
2000
2000
10000
2062.23056
446.73886
374.42082
72.31804
103495.6943
75000
5500
40000
145.8025
145.8025
2689
1200
21295.21
1112
10000
583.21
2400
3600
6000
1200
4350
2000
650
450
450
1000
450
76.98372

170476.7083
23178.79637
1466.77315
5481.00758
12958.04112
10000
2958.04112
758.173
2393.49384
121.30768
5788.94246
141062.2306
85000
40000
2000
2000
2000
10000
2062.23056
446.73886
374.42082
72.31804
103495.6943
75000
5500
40000
145.8025
145.8025
2689
1200
21295.21
1112
10000
583.21
2400
3600
6000
1200
4350
2000
650
450
450
1000
450
76.98372

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

2.6
2.7
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.301
3.302
3.304
3.305
3.306
3.307
3.5
3.6
3.62
3.63
3.64
3.71
3.73
3.74
3.75
3.76
3.78
3.8
3.9
4
4.1
4.3
4.31
4.32
4.321
4.322
4.341
4.342
4.35
4.36

CBR PROTECTION
LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT
SHIP SUPPORT
SHIP CNTL SYS(STEERING&DIVING)
DAMAGE CONTROL
SHIP ADMINISTRATION
GENERAL SHIP
EXECUTIVE DEPT
SUPPLY DEPT
DECK DEPT
OPERATIONS DEPT
WEAPONS DEPT
DECK AUXILIARIES
SHIP MAINTENANCE
OPERATIONS DEPT (ELECT SHOP)
WEAPONS DEPT (ORDINANCE SHOP)
DECK DEPT (CARPENTER SHOP)
SUPPLY DEPT
OPERATIONS DEPT
DECK DEPT (BOATSWAIN STORES)
WEAPONS DEPT
EXEC DEPT(MASTER-AT-ARMS STOR)
CLEANING GEAR STOWAGE
ACCESS (INTERIOR-NORMAL)
TANKS
SHIP MACHINERY SYSTEM
PROPULSION SYSTEM
AUX MACHINERY
GENERAL (AUX MACH DELTA)
A/C&REFRIGERATION
A/C(INCLUDE VENT)
REFRIGERATION
SEWAGE
TRASH
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
VENTILATION SYSTEMS
SUM

74

1456.85858
116.642
40006.68643
3723.79585
7139.07361
4360.30802
493.97887
1133.17703
1817.86557
300.35315
314.9334
300
4357.74512
20425.76383
653.1952
332.4297
659.61051
13760.25674
428.07614
3796.6971
273.52549
317.26624
204.70671
10060.95571
797.24807
52166.96808
13545.63546
11549.30763
6679.50413
4869.8035
3586.15829
999.62194
189.54325
94.48002
703.93447
15000
366146.0571

1456.85858
116.642
40006.68643
3723.79585
7139.07361
4360.30802
493.97887
1133.17703
1817.86557
300.35315
314.9334
300
4357.74512
20425.76383
653.1952
332.4297
659.61051
13760.25674
428.07614
3796.6971
273.52549
317.26624
204.70671
10060.95571
797.24807
52166.96808
13545.63546
11549.30763
6679.50413
4869.8035
3586.15829
999.62194
189.54325
94.48002
703.93447
15000
366146.0571

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Appendix D
Tank Weights

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

Appendix E
POSSE Intact Stability Analysis

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

Appendix F
POSSE Damaged Strength Analysis

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

184

185

186

187

188

189

190

191

192

193

194

195

196

197

198

199

200

201

202

Appendix G
SWAN Seakeeping Analysis

203

12 KNOTS

204

RAO for Heave, Pitch and Roll

7.0

6.0

RAO (m/m) or (deg/m)

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0
0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

Frequency (rad/sec)
Pitch U = 12 knots

Roll U = 12 knots

Heave U = 12 knots

205

Pierson Moskowitz Sea Spectrum x5

1.1

 = 150 deg
P.M. Sea Spectrum
Sea State 5

Response Spectra
0.020

Response Spectrum (m2-sec or deg2-sec)

0.018
0.016
0.014
0.012
0.010
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0.000
0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Frequency (rad/sec)
Heave U = 12 knots

Pitch U = 12 knots

206

Roll U = 12 knots

1.0

**********************************************************
*
*
*
SWAN2 2002 SOLVE
*
*
*
*
*
*
Copyright (C) 2002
*
*
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
*
*
*
**********************************************************
---------------------------------------------------------GRID INFORMATION
Name
:
SOF
---------------------------------------------------------Sheet#
NP1
NP2
NP
KP
MP
1
16
58
928
3
0
2
4
30
120
3
0
3
21
30
630
2
1
4
30
30
900
1
0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PRINCIPAL HYDROSTATIC PARTICULARS
density (kg/m^3)= 1025.000 gravity (m/s^2)=
9.800
---------------------------------------------------------Waterline Length
(m) :
2.525E+2
Waterline Beam
(m) :
3.224E+1
Maximum Draft
(m) :
6.888E+0
Displacement
(m^3) :
2.496E+4
Wetted Surface Area (m^2) :
7.148E+3
LCB (from origin)
(m) :
-1.997E+0
TCB (from origin)
(m) :
0.000E+0
VCB (from origin)
(m) :
-2.526E+0
---------------------------------------------------------Waterplane Area
(m^2) :
6.070E+3
LCF (from origin)
(m) :
-1.333E+1
Metacentric height
(m) :
6.865E+0
---------------------------------------------------------Mass
(kg) :
3.992E+7
Mass/density
(m^3) :
3.895E+4
LCG (from origin)
(m) :
1.347E+2
TCG (from origin)
(m) :
1.545E-1
VCG (from origin)
(m) :
2.720E+0
Radii of Gyration
(m) :
1.689E+1 (roll)
(about CG)
(m) :
8.068E+1 (pitch)
(m) :
2.816E+1 (yaw)
----------------------------------------------------------

207

18 KNOTS

208

RAO for Heave, Pitch and Roll

7.0

6.0

RAO (m/m) or (deg/m)

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0
0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

Frequency (rad/sec)
Pitch U = 18 knots

Roll U = 18 knots

Heave U = 18 knots

209

Pierson Moskowitz Sea Spectrum x5

1.1

 = 150 deg
P.M. Sea Spectrum
Sea State 5

Response Spectra

Response Spectrum (m2-sec or deg2-sec)

0.025

0.020

0.015

0.010

0.005

0.000
0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Frequency (rad/sec)
Heave U = 18 knots

Pitch U = 18 knots

210

Roll U = 18 knots

1.0

**********************************************************
*
*
*
SWAN2 2002 SOLVE
*
*
*
*
*
*
Copyright (C) 2002
*
*
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
*
*
*
**********************************************************
---------------------------------------------------------GRID INFORMATION
Name
:
SOF
---------------------------------------------------------Sheet#
NP1
NP2
NP
KP
MP
1
16
58
928
3
0
2
4
30
120
3
0
3
21
30
630
2
1
4
30
30
900
1
0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PRINCIPAL HYDROSTATIC PARTICULARS
density (kg/m^3)= 1025.000 gravity (m/s^2)=
9.800
---------------------------------------------------------Waterline Length
(m) :
2.525E+2
Waterline Beam
(m) :
3.224E+1
Maximum Draft
(m) :
6.888E+0
Displacement
(m^3) :
2.496E+4
Wetted Surface Area (m^2) :
7.148E+3
LCB (from origin)
(m) :
-1.997E+0
TCB (from origin)
(m) :
0.000E+0
VCB (from origin)
(m) :
-2.526E+0
---------------------------------------------------------Waterplane Area
(m^2) :
6.070E+3
LCF (from origin)
(m) :
-1.333E+1
Metacentric height
(m) :
6.865E+0
---------------------------------------------------------Mass
(kg) :
3.992E+7
Mass/density
(m^3) :
3.895E+4
LCG (from origin)
(m) :
1.347E+2
TCG (from origin)
(m) :
1.545E-1
VCG (from origin)
(m) :
2.720E+0
Radii of Gyration
(m) :
1.689E+1 (roll)
(about CG)
(m) :
8.068E+1 (pitch)
(m) :
2.816E+1 (yaw)
----------------------------------------------------------

211

24 KNOTS

212

RAO for Heave, Pitch and Roll

7.0

6.0

RAO (m/m) or (deg/m)

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0
0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Frequency (rad/sec)
Pitch U = 24 knots

Roll U = 24 knots

Heave U = 24 knots

213

Pierson Moskowitz Sea Spectrum x5

1.0

1.1

 = 150 deg
P.M. Sea Spectrum
Sea State 5

Response Spectra
0.014

Response Spectrum (m2-sec or deg2-sec)

0.012

0.010

0.008

0.006

0.004

0.002

0.000
0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

Frequency (rad/sec)
Heave U = 24 knots

Pitch U = 24 knots

214

Roll U = 24 knots

0.9

1.0

**********************************************************
*
*
*
SWAN2 2002 SOLVE
*
*
*
*
*
*
Copyright (C) 2002
*
*
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
*
*
*
**********************************************************
---------------------------------------------------------GRID INFORMATION
Name
:
SOF
---------------------------------------------------------Sheet#
NP1
NP2
NP
KP
MP
1
16
58
928
3
0
2
4
30
120
3
0
3
21
30
630
2
1
4
30
30
900
1
0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PRINCIPAL HYDROSTATIC PARTICULARS
density (kg/m^3)= 1025.000 gravity (m/s^2)=
9.800
---------------------------------------------------------Waterline Length
(m) :
2.525E+2
Waterline Beam
(m) :
3.224E+1
Maximum Draft
(m) :
6.888E+0
Displacement
(m^3) :
2.496E+4
Wetted Surface Area (m^2) :
7.148E+3
LCB (from origin)
(m) :
-1.997E+0
TCB (from origin)
(m) :
0.000E+0
VCB (from origin)
(m) :
-2.526E+0
---------------------------------------------------------Waterplane Area
(m^2) :
6.070E+3
LCF (from origin)
(m) :
-1.333E+1
Metacentric height
(m) :
6.865E+0
---------------------------------------------------------Mass
(kg) :
3.992E+7
Mass/density
(m^3) :
3.895E+4
LCG (from origin)
(m) :
1.347E+2
TCG (from origin)
(m) :
1.545E-1
VCG (from origin)
(m) :
2.720E+0
Radii of Gyration
(m) :
1.689E+1 (roll)
(about CG)
(m) :
8.068E+1 (pitch)
(m) :
2.816E+1 (yaw)
----------------------------------------------------------

215

Appendix H
Cost Models

216

COST MODEL--Construction LMSR

MIT 13A
Mdol := coul

Definitions (units):

Bdol := 1000 Mdol

Kdol :=

Mdol
1000

dol :=

Kdol
1000

lton := 2240 lb
CNA := 2.2

CND := 0.5

1. Single Digit Weight Summary:

i1 := 100, 200.. 700

Base Weight
WA

100

:= 25332.18 lton

WA

WA 200 := 1984.52 lton

WA

300

WA

:= 668.04 lton

WA

400
500
600

:= 61.06 lton

WA

700

:= 4.15 lton

:= 4074.85 lton
:= 1771.71 lton

2. Additional Characteristics:
Total Weight Added:
WAdd :=

WA i1

WAdd = 31911.99lton

i1

Manning: (crew + air detachment + staff)

Officers:

CPO's:

Ship Service Life:

Enlisted: NE := 22

Enlisted:

NC := 0
2

NC := NE NC
3

Initial Operational Capability:

LS := 30

Total Ship Acquisition:

Officers: NO := 8

Production Rate (per year):

NS := 1

3. Inflation:
Base Year:

YB := 2003

Average Inflation Rate (%):

(from 1981)

iy := 1 .. YB 1998
RI := 3.

FI :=

iy

217

RI

1 + 100

FI =

YIOC := 2004
RP := 1

4. Lead Ship Cost:

Lead Ship Addition Cost - Shipbuilder Portion:
SWBS costs: includes escalation estimate
Structure

KN1 :=

.55 Mdol
lton

+ Propulsion

KN2 :=

KN3 :=

1.0 Mdol
lton

CAL

:= .00186 FI KN2 2.2 ( WA 200)

CAL

:= .07505 FI KN3 2.2 WA

CAL

:= .10857 FI KN4 2.2 WA

300

.91

).772

:= .03395 FI KN1 2.2 WA

200

.808

CAL

100

1.2 Mdol
lton

+ Electric

.772

100

CAL

= Mdol

CAL

= Mdol

100

.808

200

300

).91

400

).617

CAL

300

= Mdol

+ Command, Control, Surveillance

KN4 :=

2.0 Mdol
lton

+ Auxiliary

KN5 :=

KN6 :=

KN7 :=

400

= Mdol

).782

CAL

= Mdol

600

).784

CAL

= Mdol

700

).987

CAL

= Mdol

CAL

:= .09859 FI KN6 2.2 WA

CAL

:= .00838 FI KN7 2.2 WA

700

.987

500

:= .09487 FI KN5 2.2 WA

600

.784

CAL

500

.782

1.0 Mdol
lton

CAL

(less payload GFM cost)

1.0 Mdol
lton

+ Armament

.617

1.5 Mdol
lton

+ Outfit

400

500

600

700

(Less payload GFM cost)

+ Integration/Engineering: (Lead ship includes detail design engineering + plans for class)
KN8 :=

10. Mdol
Mdol

1.099

CAL

800

CAL

:= .034 KN8 0.5

i1

i1

1.099

CAL

800

= Mdol

+ Ship Assembly + Support: (Lead ship includes all tooling, jigs, special facilities for class)
KN9 :=

2.0 Mdol
( Mdol )

.839

CAL

900

CAL

:= .135 KN9 0.5

i1

i1

.839

= Total Cost for addition of all strutures

CAtot :=

CAL

i1

+ CAL

800

+ CAL

900

i1

CAtot = Mdol

218

CAL

900

= Mdol

= Total Cost for conversion of SOF

CTOT = Mdol

CTOT := CAtot
+ Profit:
FP := .10

CLP := FP CTOT

CLP = Mdol

= Lead Ship Price:

PL := CTOT + CLP

PL = Mdol

= Total Shipbuilder Portion:

CSB := PL

CSB = Mdol

b. Lead Ship Cost - Government Portion

This is where the cost of SOF equipment would
go. Zeroed for this evaluation.
SOF will provide for their own equipment.
+ Ordnance and Electrical GFE:
(Military Payload GFE)

CLMPG := 0 Mdol
CLMPG = Mdol

+ Outfittimg Cost :

CLOUT := .02 PL

(or incl actual cost if known)

CLOUT = Mdol

= Total Government Portion:

CLGOV := CLMPG + CLOUT

CLGOV = Mdol

c. Total Lead Ship End Cost:

* Total End Cost:

(Must always be less than appropriation)

CLEND := CSB

CLEND = Mdol

d. Total Lead Ship Acquisition Cost:

+ Post-Delivery Cost (PSA):

CLPDEL := .05 PL

219

CLPDEL = Mdol

CLA := 0.5( CLEND + CLPDEL) + CLGOV

Total Lead Ship Acquisition Cost:

CLA = Mdol

e.Introduction of the correction factor

This factor introduces a correction to the price of a follow on LMSR new construction ship, which is $250 million
according to Avondale Industrie's seventh ship contract.
The cost that our math model calculates is $434.292million. (based on a weight break down for Navy Combatants)
=

Correction Factor:
:=

250
434.292
=

Total Lead Ship Acquisition Cost (corrected):

CLAc := CLA

CLAc = Mdol

220

COST MODEL--Construction SOF

MIT 13A

Mdol := coul

Definitions (units):

Kdol :=

Bdol := 1000 Mdol

Mdol
1000

dol :=

Kdol
1000

lton := 2240 lb
CNA := 2.2

CND := 0.5

1. Single Digit Weight Summary:

i1 := 100, 200.. 700

Base Weight
WA

100

:= 29114.79 lton

WA

WA 200 := 1984.52 lton

WA

300

WA

:= 707.75 lton

WA

400
500
600

:= 137.25 lton

WA

700

:= 42.21 lton

:= 4831.93 lton
:= 3078.57 lton

2. Additional Characteristics:
Total Weight Added:
WAdd :=

WA i1

i1

WAdd = lton

Manning: (crew + air detachment + staff)

Officers:

CPO's:

Ship Service Life:

Enlisted: NE := 22

Enlisted:

NC := 0
2

NC := NE NC
3

Initial Operational Capability:

LS := 30

Total Ship Acquisition:

Officers: NO := 8

Production Rate (per year):

NS := 1

3. Inflation:
Base Year:

YB := 2003

Average Inflation Rate (%):

(from 1981)

iy := 1 .. YB 1998
RI := 3.

FI :=

RI

1 + 100
iy

221

FI =

YIOC := 2004
RP := 1

4. Lead Ship Cost:

Lead Ship Addition Cost - Shipbuilder Portion:
SWBS costs: includes escalation estimate
Structure

KN1 :=

.55 Mdol
lton

+ Propulsion

KN2 :=

KN3 :=

1.0 Mdol
lton

CAL

:= .00186 FI KN2 2.2 ( WA 200)

CAL

:= .07505 FI KN3 2.2 WA

CAL

:= .10857 FI KN4 2.2 WA

300

.91

).772

:= .03395 FI KN1 2.2 WA

200

.808

CAL

100

1.2 Mdol
lton

+ Electric

.772

100

CAL

= Mdol

CAL

= Mdol

100

.808

200

300

).91

400

).617

CAL

300

= Mdol

+ Command, Control, Surveillance

KN4 :=

2.0 Mdol
lton

+ Auxiliary

KN5 :=

KN6 :=

+ Armament

KN7 :=

= Mdol

).782

CAL

= Mdol

600

).784

CAL

= Mdol

700

).987

CAL

= Mdol

CAL

:= .09859 FI KN6 2.2 WA

CAL

:= .00838 FI KN7 2.2 WA

700

.987

500

:= .09487 FI KN5 2.2 WA

600

.784

1.0 Mdol
lton

400

CAL

500

.782

1.0 Mdol
lton

CAL

(less payload GFM cost)

1.5 Mdol
lton

+ Outfit

400

.617

500

600

700

(Less payload GFM cost)

+ Integration/Engineering: (Lead ship includes detail design engineering + plans for class)
KN8 :=

10. Mdol
Mdol

CAL

800

1.099

CAL

:= .034 KN8 0.5

i1

i1

1.099

CAL

800

= Mdol

+ Ship Assembly + Support: (Lead ship includes all tooling, jigs, special facilities for class)
KN9 :=

2.0 Mdol
( Mdol )

.839

CAL

900

:= .135 KN9 0.5

CAL

i1

i1

.839

= Total Cost for addition of all strutures

CAtot :=

CAL

i1

+ CAL

800

+ CAL

900

i1

CAtot = Mdol

222

CAL

900

= Mdol

= Total Cost for conversion of SOF

CTOT := CAtot

CTOT = Mdol

+ Profit:
FP := .10

CLP := FP CTOT

CLP = Mdol

= Lead Ship Price:

PL := CTOT + CLP

PL = Mdol

= Total Shipbuilder Portion:

CSB := PL

CSB = Mdol

b. Lead Ship Cost - Government Portion

This is where the cost of SOF equipment would
go. Zeroed for this evaluation.
SOF will provide for their own equipment.
+ Ordnance and Electrical GFE:
(Military Payload GFE)

CLMPG := 0 Mdol
CLMPG = Mdol

+ Outfittimg Cost :

CLOUT := .02 PL

(or incl actual cost if known)

CLOUT = Mdol

= Total Government Portion:

CLGOV := CLMPG + CLOUT

CLGOV = Mdol

c. Total Lead Ship End Cost:

* Total End Cost:

(Must always be less than appropriation)

CLEND := CSB

CLEND = Mdol

d. Total Lead Ship Acquisition Cost:

+ Post-Delivery Cost (PSA):

CLPDEL := .05 PL

223

CLPDEL = Mdol

Total Lead Ship Acquisition Cost:

CLA := 0.5( CLEND + CLPDEL) + CLGOV

CLA = Mdol

e.Introduction of the correction factor

This factor introduces a correction to the price of a follow on LMSR new construction ship, which is $250 million
according to Avondale Industrie's seventh ship contract.
The cost that our math model calculates is $434.292million. (based on a weight break down for Navy
Combatants)
=

Correction Factor:
:=

250
434.292
=

Total Lead Ship Acquisition Cost (corrected):

CLAc := CLA

CLAc = Mdol

224

COST MODEL--Conversion of LMSR to SOF

MIT 13A
Mdol := coul

Definitions (units):

Kdol :=

Bdol := 1000 Mdol

Mdol
1000

dol :=

Kdol
1000

lton := 2240 lb
CNA := 2.2

CND := 0.5

1. Single Digit Weight Summary:

i1 := 100, 200.. 700

Removed Weight
WD

100

:= 607.37 lton

WD

WD200 := 15.74 lton

WD

:= 34.19 lton

WD

WD

300

400
500
600

:= 0 lton

WD

700

:= 0 lton

:= 695.63 lton
:= 99.09 lton

Added Weight
WA

100

:= 5703.21 lton

WA

WA 200 := 15.74 lton

WA

300

WA

:= 69.9 lton

WA

400
500
600

:= 76.19 lton

WA

700

:= 38.06 lton

:= 859.08 lton
:= 658.29 lton

2. Additional Characteristics:
Total Weight Removed:
WDel :=

WDi1

i1

WDel = lton

Total Weight Added:

WAdd :=

WA i1

i1

WAdd = lton

Manning: (crew + air detachment + staff)

Officers:

CPO's:

Ship Service Life:

Enlisted:

NC := 0
2

NC := NE NC
3

Initial Operational Capability:

LS := 30

Total Ship Acquisition:

Enlisted: NE := 22

Officers: NO := 8

Production Rate (per year):

NS := 1

3. Inflation:
Base Year:

YB := 2003

Average Inflation Rate (%):

(from 1981)

iy := 1 .. YB 1998
RI := 3.

FI :=

RI

1 + 100
iy

225

FI =

YIOC := 2004
RP := 1

4. Lead Ship Cost:

a. Lead Ship Removal Cost - Shipbuilder Portion:
SWBS costs: includes escalation estimate
Structure

KN1 :=

.55 Mdol
lton

+ Propulsion

KN2 :=

KN3 :=

1.0 Mdol
lton

CDL

:= .00186 FI KN2 0.5 ( WD200)

CDL

:= .07505 FI KN3 0.5 WD

CDL

:= .10857 FI KN4 0.5 WD

300

.91

).772

:= .03395 FI KN1 0.5 WD

200

.808

CDL

100

1.2 Mdol
lton

+ Electric

.772

100

CDL

= Mdol

CDL

= Mdol

100

.808

200

300

).91

400

).617

CDL

300

= Mdol

+ Command, Control, Surveillance

KN4 :=

2.0 Mdol
lton

+ Auxiliary

KN5 :=

KN6 :=

+ Armament

KN7 :=

= Mdol

).782

CDL

= Mdol

600

).784

CDL

= Mdol

700

).987

CDL

= Mdol

CDL

:= .09859 FI KN6 0.5 WD

CDL

:= .00838 FI KN7 0.5 WD

700

.987

500

:= .09487 FI KN5 0.5 WD

600

.784

1.0 Mdol
lton

400

CDL

500

.782

1.0 Mdol
lton

CDL

(less payload GFM cost)

1.5 Mdol
lton

+ Outfit

400

.617

500

600

700

(Less payload GFM cost)

+ Integration/Engineering: (Lead ship includes detail design engineering + plans for class)
KN8 :=

10. Mdol
Mdol

1.099

CDL

800

CDL

:= .034 KN8 0.5

i1

i1

1.099

CDL

800

= Mdol

+ Ship Assembly + Support: (Lead ship includes all tooling, jigs, special facilities for class)
KN9 :=

2.0 Mdol
( Mdol )

.839

CDL

900

:= .135 KN9 0.5

CDL

i1

i1

.839

CDL

900

= Mdol

= Total Cost for removal of all strutures

CDtot :=

(CDL)i1 + CDL

800

+ CDL

900

i1

CDtot = Mdol

226

b. Lead Ship Addition Cost - Shipbuilder Portion:

SWBS costs: includes escalation estimate
Structure

KN1 :=

.55 Mdol
lton

+ Propulsion

KN2 :=

KN3 :=

1.0 Mdol
lton

CAL

:= .00186 FI KN2 2.2 ( WA 200)

CAL

:= .07505 FI KN3 2.2 WA

CAL

:= .10857 FI KN4 2.2 WA

300

.91

).772

:= .03395 FI KN1 2.2 WA

200

.808

CAL

100

1.2 Mdol
lton

+ Electric

.772

100

300

400

CAL

= Mdol

CAL

= Mdol

100

.808

200

).91

CAL

300

= Mdol

+ Command, Control, Surveillance

KN4 :=

2.0 Mdol
lton

+ Auxiliary

KN5 :=

KN6 :=

KN7 :=

.782

600

700

CAL

:= .09859 FI KN6 2.2 WA

CAL

:= .00838 FI KN7 2.2 WA

700

.987

500

:= .09487 FI KN5 2.2 WA

600

.784

CAL

500

1.0 Mdol
lton

).617

CAL

400

= Mdol

(less payload GFM cost)

1.0 Mdol
lton

+ Armament

.617

1.5 Mdol
lton

+ Outfit

400

).782

CAL

= Mdol

).784

CAL

= Mdol

).987

CAL

= Mdol

500

600

700

(Less payload GFM cost)

+ Integration/Engineering: (Lead ship includes detail design engineering + plans for class)
KN8 :=

10. Mdol
Mdol

1.099

CAL

800

CAL

:= .034 KN8 0.5

i1

i1

1.099

CAL

800

= Mdol

+ Ship Assembly + Support: (Lead ship includes all tooling, jigs, special facilities for class)
KN9 :=

2.0 Mdol
( Mdol )

.839

CAL

900

CAL

:= .135 KN9 0.5

i1

i1

.839

= Total Cost for addition of all strutures

CAtot :=

CAL

i1

+ CAL

800

+ CAL

900

i1

CAtot = Mdol

227

CAL

900

= Mdol

= Total Cost for conversion of SOF

CTOT := CDtot + CAtot

CTOT = Mdol

+ Profit:
FP := .10

CLP := FP CTOT

CLP = Mdol

= Lead Ship Price:

PL := CTOT + CLP

PL = Mdol

= Total Shipbuilder Portion:

CSB := PL

CSB = Mdol

b. Lead Ship Cost - Government Portion

This is where the cost of SOF equipment would
go. Zeroed for this evaluation.
SOF will provide for their own equipment.
+ Ordnance and Electrical GFE:
(Military Payload GFE)

CLMPG := 0 Mdol
CLMPG = Mdol

+ Outfittimg Cost :

CLOUT := .02 PL

(or incl actual cost if known)

CLOUT = Mdol

= Total Government Portion:

CLGOV := CLMPG + CLOUT

CLGOV = Mdol

c. Total Lead Ship End Cost:

* Total End Cost:

(Must always be less than appropriation)

CLEND := CSB

CLEND = Mdol

d. Total Lead Ship Acquisition Cost:

+ Post-Delivery Cost (PSA):

CLPDEL := .05 PL

228

CLPDEL = Mdol

CLA := 0.5( CLEND + CLPDEL) + CLGOV

Total Lead Ship Acquisition Cost:

CLA = Mdol

e.Introduction of the correction factor

This factor introduces a correction to the price of a follow on LMSR new construction ship, which is $250 million
according to Avondale Industrie's seventh ship contract.
The cost that our math model calculates is $434.292million. (based on a weight break down for Navy
Combatants)
=

Correction Factor:
:=

250
434.292
=

Total Lead Ship Acquisition Cost (corrected):

CLAc := CLA

CLAc = Mdol

229