E Chavez

Vicente donated several lots in Cebu City to Manuel Echavez (Manuel) through a Deed of Donation
Mortis Causa.1 Manuel accepted the donation.

In March 1986, Vicente executed a Contract to Sell over the same lots in favor of Dozen
Construction and Development Corporation (Dozen Corporation). In October 1986, they executed
two Deeds of Absolute Sale over the same properties covered by the previous Contract to Sell.
On November 6, 1986, Vicente died. Emiliano Cabanig, Vicentes nephew, filed a petition for the
settlement of Vicentes intestate estate. On the other hand, Manuel filed a petition to approve
Vicentes donation mortis causa in his favor and an action to annul the contracts of sale Vicente
executed in favor of Dozen Corporation. These cases were jointly heard.
The RTC dismissed Manuels petition. The RTC found that the execution of a Contract to Sell in
favor of Dozen Corporation, after Vicente had donated the lots to Manuel, was an equivocal act that
revoked the donation. The Court of Appeals (CA) affirmed the RTCs decision.
The CA held that since the donation in favor of Manuel was a donation mortis causa, compliance
with the formalities for the validity of wills should have been observed. The CA found that the deed of
donation did not contain an attestation clause and was therefore void
Manuel claims that the CA should have applied the rule on substantial compliance in the
construction of a will to Vicentes donation mortis causa. He insists that the strict construction of a
will was not warranted in the absence of any indication of bad faith, fraud, or substitution in the
execution of the Deed of Donation Mortis Causa. He argues that the CA ignored the
Acknowledgment portion of the deed of donation, which contains the "import and purpose" of the
attestation clause required in the execution of wills. The Acknowledgment reads:
BEFORE ME, Notary Public, this 7th day of September 1985 at Talisay, Cebu, personally appeared
VICENTE S. Echavez with Res. Cert. No. 16866094 issued on April 10, 1985 at [sic] Talisay, Cebu
known to me to be the same person who executed the foregoing instrument of Deed of Donartion
Mortis Causa before the Notary Public and in the presence of the foregoing three (3) witnesses who
signed this instrument before and in the presence of each other and of the Notary Public and all of
them acknowledge to me that the same is their voluntary act and deed. [Emphasis in the original.]
Held:
The CA correctly declared that a donation mortis causa must comply with the formalities prescribed
by law for the validity of wills,4 "otherwise, the donation is void and would produce no
effect." 5 Articles 805 and 806 of the Civil Code should have been applied.
As the CA correctly found, the purported attestation clause embodied in the Acknowledgment portion
does not contain the number of pages on which the deed was written. The exception to this rule in
Singson v. Florentino6 and Taboada v. Hon. Rosal,7 cannot be applied to the present case, as the
facts of this case are not similar with those of Singson and Taboada. In those cases, the Court found
that although the attestation clause failed to state the number of pages upon which the will was
written, the number of pages was stated in one portion of the will. This is not the factual situation in
the present case.
lavvphil
Even granting that the Acknowledgment embodies what the attestation clause requires, we are not
prepared to hold that an attestation clause and an acknowledgment can be merged in one
statement.
That the requirements of attestation and acknowledgment are embodied in two separate provisions
of the Civil Code (Articles 805 and 806, respectively) indicates that the law contemplates two distinct
acts that serve different purposes. An acknowledgment is made by one executing a deed, declaring
before a competent officer or court that the deed or act is his own. On the other hand, the attestation
of a will refers to the act of the instrumental witnesses themselves who certify to the execution of the
instrument before them and to the manner of its execution. 8
1avvphi1
Although the witnesses in the present case acknowledged the execution of the Deed of Donation
Mortis Causa before the notary public, this is not the avowal the law requires from the instrumental
witnesses to the execution of a decedents will. An attestation must state all the details the third
paragraph of Article 805 requires. In the absence of the required avowal by the witnesses
themselves, no attestation clause can be deemed embodied in the Acknowledgement of the Deed of
Donation Mortis Causa.

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Vicente donated several lots in Cebu City to Manuel Echavez (Manuel) through a Deed of Donation

Mortis Causa.1 Manuel accepted the donation.

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