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    Korean Architecture Summary

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    Lois Mendoza Sarmiento
    The document provides an overview of architectural developments in Korea from the Three Kingdom Period through the Choson Period. It discusses the influences of Chinese architecture and the transformations that occurred as styles moved to Korea. Key developments included the use of timber and stone buildings, with pagodas, temples, and palaces constructed. Architectural styles continued evolving over time, incorporating new influences but maintaining some traditional Korean forms. Stone buildings increasingly featured decorative elements like carvings and reliefs depicting religious and natural motifs.

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    Korean Architecture Summary

    Uploaded by

    Lois Mendoza Sarmiento
    650 views4 pages
    The document provides an overview of architectural developments in Korea from the Three Kingdom Period through the Choson Period. It discusses the influences of Chinese architecture and the transformations that occurred as styles moved to Korea. Key developments included the use of timber and stone buildings, with pagodas, temples, and palaces constructed. Architectural styles continued evolving over time, incorporating new influences but maintaining some traditional Korean forms. Stone buildings increasingly featured decorative elements like carvings and reliefs depicting religious and natural motifs.

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    The document provides an overview of architectural developments in Korea from the Three Kingdom Period through the Choson Period. It discusses the influences of Chinese architecture and the transformations that occurred as styles moved to Korea. Key developments included the use of timber and stone buildings, with pagodas, temples, and palaces constructed. Architectural styles continued evolving over time, incorporating new influences but maintaining some traditional Korean forms. Stone buildings increasingly featured decorative elements like carvings and reliefs depicting religious and natural motifs.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    650 views4 pages

    Korean Architecture Summary

    Uploaded by

    Lois Mendoza Sarmiento
    The document provides an overview of architectural developments in Korea from the Three Kingdom Period through the Choson Period. It discusses the influences of Chinese architecture and the transformations that occurred as styles moved to Korea. Key developments included the use of timber and stone buildings, with pagodas, temples, and palaces constructed. Architectural styles continued evolving over time, incorporating new influences but maintaining some traditional Korean forms. Stone buildings increasingly featured decorative elements like carvings and reliefs depicting religious and natural motifs.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
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    The passage provides an overview of the development of Korean architecture from the Three Kingdom Periods through the Joseon Period, including influences from China and the development of wooden and stone structures.

    During the Three Kingdom Periods (57 BC-668), no wooden structures survive but a few stone buildings do, including pagodas from the Paekche and Shilla Kingdoms. Timber buildings are known from murals and paintings in tombs from the Koguryo Kingdom.

    During the Koguryo Kingdom (57BC-668), architecture was influenced by the Han (25-219) and Northern Wei (386-534) dynasties of China. Structures often had round pillars with entasis and simply executed brackets.

    The architectural character of the Japanese period is that of Korea; most of the Chinese

    influences reached Japan from Korea.

    Korean Architecture from the Three Kingdom Periods of the end of Choson Period

    An outline of the Korean architecture is essential to an understanding of the development of


    Japanese architecture. It is the link between the classical traditions of Chinese building form and
    the unique transformations thereof in Japan.

    The Three Kingdom Periods


    (57 BC-668)

    No wooden structures survive from the period Korea was divided into three Kingdoms
    (Koguryo, Paekche, and Shilla), only a few stone buildings, including two pagodas of Paekche
    and one of Shilla construction.

    Timber Buildings

    Buildings during the Koguryo Kingdom (57BC-668)

    Murals depicted from the walls in the Samshilchong, Yodongsongchong and Yaksuri
    tombs and in houses in the Ssang-yonchong, Anak No. 1 and Tonggu No. 12 tombs.

    Painted Pillars and beams in burial chambers of Muyongchong, Kwigapchong and


    Anak No. 1 tombs

    Koguryo structures often had a round pillars with entasis supporting simply executed
    brackets. Short struts with bearing blocks and inverted V-shaped trusses were fitted on beams
    and purlins to sustain the framework of gabled or hipped roof.

    Koguryo was influenced by Han(25-219) and the Northern Wei(386-534) dynasties of


    China.

    Paekche Kingdom (18BC-660)

    Architecture influenced by South-western part of the peninsula.

    Shilla Kingdom (57BC-935)

    Excavation of Hwangnyongsa Temple in Kyongju, the capital of Shilla, suggest


    Koguryos influence.
    Stone Buildings

    Paekche Kingdom

    2 pagodas
    One at Iksan, Chollanam-do province on the site of Miruska, a temple believed to
    date from the reign of King Mu-wang (600-641)
    Another five storey structure on the site of Chongnimsa Temple in Puyo,
    Chungchongnam-do province.

    Miruksa pagoda, the earliest known example in stone (believed to had six or nine storey)
    through only parts of six remains.

    Future Paekche pagodas with ideal combination of two-tiered foundation and an elegant
    five storey main body.

    2 stone buildings in Kyongju


    Chomsongdae Observatory cylindrical monument, slightly convex in outline,
    rises in meticulous courses and has square window at high level.

    Punhwangsa Temple made of stones cut to the size and shape of brick and resembles a
    brick pagoda. Stone beast are stationed at the four corners of its foundation and stone image of
    Vajradhara, guardian deities of the temple, at either side of the niches of the body of the pagoda.

    Unified Shilla Period (668-935)

    Timber Buildings

    (according to Samguk sagi History of the three kingdoms written in the 12th century)

    It can be deduced that houses for the upper class had tiled roofs, the eaves of which were
    dressed with end tiles and that each end of the ridge had an ornamental tile shaped like a birds
    tail, while the ends of the hip-ridges were finished with grotesque masks. The gables were
    decorated with hanging ornaments resembling fish, the eaves were double tiered and supported
    by brackets on top of the pillars, and the wooden part of the structure was colored and covered
    richly with gold and silver ornament.

    Stone Buildings

    Sokkatap at Pulguksa temple in Kyongju which is supported on a square pedestal with pillars
    carved upon it. Each storey and each roof is carved from a single stone.

    Tabotap Pagoda in Pulguksa - a variation of the three storey prototype.


    Stupas to house the sarira(the remains of very holy persons) and relics of high ranking monks.

    Most shilla stupas are octagonal in shape, the oldest being that built for the high priest,
    Yomgohwasang, in about 844. Decorated with reliefs of lions, asparas (heavenly beings) and
    four Buddhist guardian kings. Roof stone is carved to simulate a tiled roof.

    Ssangbongsa Temple of Hwasun, Chollanam-do found the decorative stupa of Zen Master
    Cholgam around 868.

    The Koryo Period (918-1392)

    Timber Buildings

    Wooden buildings preserved from the Koryo period include the Kungnakchon (Nirvana
    Hall) of Pongjongsa Temple in Andong, and the Muryangsojun (Amita Hall) of Pusoksa Temple
    in Yongju (719 C)

    In the 14th Century a style introduced to northern china under the Yuan (Mongol) dynasty
    also found its way to Korea. This style, with clusters of brackets on the column-heads and the
    horizontal beams between them, was much heavier than that previously introduced in China.
    Multi bracketing system soon widely adopted.

    Stone Buildings

    Wolchongsa temple in Pyongchang, Kang-won-do octagonal nine storey pagoda from the
    Chinese influence of Song and Liao Dynasty

    With the flourishing of Buddhism during the Koryo period, a great number of elaborate stupas
    were built. The predominant type was octagonal, but bell-shaped stupas began to appear towards
    the end of the period, with rich embellishments on the body and reduced roof stone size

    Pulguksa Temple Stupa lamp shaped stupa of Royal Preceptor Hongbop. The body is topped
    with a roof stone shaped like a lotus and the latter is covered with elaborate carvings.

    The Choson Period (1392-1910)

    Timber period

    The Sakyamuni Halls (taeungjon) of Pongjongsa Temple in Andong Kwallyongsa temple in


    Changnyong and Kaeshimsa Temple in Sosan are of the early choson style buildings with multi
    cluster bracketing

    Namdaemun (South Gate) the ancient entrance to the city of Seoul, have two storey structure of
    similar size built in the multi cluster bracketed style.
    Four ancient palaces in Seoul:
    Kyongbokkung
    Changgyonggung
    Changdokkung
    Toksugung

    Myongjongjon the main audience hall of Changgyonggung and the gate infront of it are the
    oldest extent palace structures.

    Stone Buildings

    Due to suppression of Buddhism in favor of Confucianism in this period, the number of stupas
    and pagodas declined. Most artisans generally developed pagodas in the ancient tradition.

    Sujongsa Temple in Yangju Kyonggi-do Pagoda have a variation from traditional style with
    octagonal shape and five storey high pagoda

    Bell-shaped stupa continued.

    Hoeamsa Temple pagoda near Seoul has a stone railing in its base , lotus, arabesque and floral
    pattern ornately sculptured in its pedestal, and a dragon and cloud pattern on its bell shaped main
    body.

    Underground ice stores were most frequently built stone structures of the period. Rectangular
    stones were used to form a number of arches, between which weight supporting stones were
    fitted to uphold the frame of the cylindrical storage chamber. Ice cut from the rivers in winter
    was stored for use through the summer.

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