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PHYS 2152 Vibrations, Waves and Optics Tutorial #3

This document contains 4 tutorial problems about vibrations, waves and optics: 1) Calculating the amplitude of forced oscillations of a mass on a spring with damping from a sinusoidal driving force and harmonic displacement of the spring. 2) Determining the damping coefficient of a mass vibrating at resonance and calculating increased amplitude from a changed driving frequency. 3) Setting up the differential equation of motion for a mass on a spring with damping and driving force, given initial conditions. 4) Solving for the steady-state displacement amplitude, phase lag, average power input, and energy dissipated per cycle of a damped driven oscillator.

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Nicholas Lorenzo Lachee
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37 views

PHYS 2152 Vibrations, Waves and Optics Tutorial #3

This document contains 4 tutorial problems about vibrations, waves and optics: 1) Calculating the amplitude of forced oscillations of a mass on a spring with damping from a sinusoidal driving force and harmonic displacement of the spring. 2) Determining the damping coefficient of a mass vibrating at resonance and calculating increased amplitude from a changed driving frequency. 3) Setting up the differential equation of motion for a mass on a spring with damping and driving force, given initial conditions. 4) Solving for the steady-state displacement amplitude, phase lag, average power input, and energy dissipated per cycle of a damped driven oscillator.

Uploaded by

Nicholas Lorenzo Lachee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYS 2152 Vibrations, Waves and Optics

Tutorial #3

1. An object of mass = 0.2 is hung from a spring whose spring constant is 80 1 . The
body is subject to a resistive force given by , where is its velocity and = 41.
a. The object is subjected to a sinusoidal force given by () = 0 (), where 0 =
2and = 30 rad/s. In steady state, what is the amplitude of the forced oscillation?
b. Instead of a driving force, we now oscillate the end of the spring at the top end vertically
with a harmonic displacement = 0 (). Set up the differential equation of
motion for this driven oscillator.
c. What is the amplitude of the mass in steady state for = 0, 30 and 300 rad/s, if X0 = 0.5
cm in each case?
2.
a. A machine part having a mass of 2.5 kg vibrates in a viscous medium. A harmonic exciting
force of 30 N acts on the part and causes an amplitude of 14 mm at velocity resonance
with a period of 0.22 s. Determine the damping coefficient. (Ans: 75.0 kg s-1)
b. If the frequency of the exciting force is changed to 4 Hz, determine the increase in the
amplitude of the forced vibrations upon the removal of the damper.
(Ans: about 48.4 mm depending on approximations)
3. A 3 kg object is attached to a spring and will stretch the spring 392 mm by itself. A forcing
function of the form () = 10 cos( ) is given to the object and the system experiences
velocity resonance. A damper exerts a force of 45 N on the object when the velocity if 50 cm/s.
If the object is initially displaced 20 cm downward from its equilibrium position and given a
velocity of 10 cm/s upward, set up the differential equation describing the motion and
determine the steady-state displacement. (Ans: =

1
cos (5
45

)=

1
sin(5)
45

4. A damped oscillator consists of a mass m = 0.1 kg, b = 4 kg s-1, and 0 = 20 s-1 is driven by a
force () = 2 cos(30) N. Determine:
(a) The steady-state displacement amplitude A, and phase lag , (Ans: 0.0256 m, 1.966 rad)
(b) The average power input by the driving force in the steady-state , and (Ans: 1.42 W)
(c) The amount of energy dissipated by the damping in one cycle. (Ans: 0.3 J)

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