FUNCTIONS OF EXCEL WITH DESCIPTION AND SYNTAX.

1.) POWER
Returns the result of a
number raised to a power.

POWER (number, power)

The POWER function syntax has the following
arguments:

Number Required. The base number. It can be

any real number.

Power Required. The exponent to which the

base number is raised.

2.) SQRT
Returns a positive square
root.

SQRT(number)
The SQRT function syntax has the following
arguments:

Number Required. The number for which you

want the square root.

3.) SUBTOTAL
Returns a subtotal in a list or
database. It is generally
easier to create a list with
subtotals by using the
Subtotal command in the
Outline group on the Data
tab in the Excel desktop
application. Once the
subtotal list is created, you
can modify it by editing the
SUBTOTAL function.

SUBTOTAL(function_num,ref1,[ref2],...)

Multiplies corresponding
components in the given
arrays, and returns the sum
of those products.

SUMPRODUCT (array1, [array2], [array3], ...)

The SUBTOTAL function syntax has the following

arguments:
Function_num Required. The number 1-11 or
101-111 that specifies the function to use for the
subtotal. 1-11 includes manually-hidden rows,
while 101-111 excludes them; filtered-out cells
are always excluded.

4.) SUMPRODUCT

The SUMPRODUCT function syntax has the

following arguments:

Array1 Required. The first array argument

whose components you want to multiply and
then add.

Array2, array3, ... Optional. Array arguments

2 to 255 whose components you want to
multiply and then add.

Remarks

The array arguments must have the same

dimensions. If they do not, SUMPRODUCT
returns the #VALUE! error value.

SUMPRODUCT treats array entries that are not

numeric as if they were zeros.

5.) ROUND
The ROUND function rounds
a number to a specified
number of digits. For
example, if cell A1 contains
23.7825, and you want to
round that value to two

decimal places, you can use

the following formula:

ROUND(number, num_digits)
The ROUND function syntax has the following
arguments:
number Required. The number that you want
to round.

num_digits Required. The number of digits to

which you want to round the number argument.

The SUM function, one of

the math and trig functions,
adds values. You can add
individual values, cell
references or ranges or a mix
of all three.

The first number you

want to add. The
(Required) number can be like 4, a
cell reference like B6, or
a cell range like B2:B8.

6.) SUM

For example:

=SUM(A2:A10)

=SUM(A2:A10, C2:C10)

number1

number2255 (Optional)

This is the second

number you want to
add. You can specify up
to 255 numbers in this
way.

7.) SUM IF
You use the SUMIF function
to sum the values in a range
that meet criteria that you
specify. For example,

suppose that in a column

that contains numbers, you
want to sum only the values
that are larger than 5. You
can use the following
formula:
=SUMIF(B2:B25,">5")

The SUMIF function syntax has the following

arguments:
range Required. The range of cells that you
want evaluated by criteria. Cells in each range
must be numbers or names, arrays, or references
that contain numbers. Blank and text values are
ignored. The selected range may contain dates in
standard Excel format (examples below).
criteria Required. The criteria in the form of a
number, expression, a cell reference, text, or a
function that defines which cells will be added.
For example, criteria can be expressed as 32,
">32", B5, "32", "apples", or TODAY().

Important: Any text criteria or any criteria that

includes logical or mathematical symbols must
be enclosed in double quotation marks ("). If the
criteria is numeric, double quotation marks are
not required.

3.) SUM IFs

4.) COUNT A

The SUMIFS function, one of

the math and trig functions,
adds all of its arguments that
meet multiple criteria. For
example, you would use

SUMIFS to sum the number

of retailers in the country

who (1) reside in a single zip

code and (2) whose profits
exceed a specific dollar
value.
The COUNTA function
counts the number of cells
that are not empty in a
range.

sum_range Optional. The actual cells to add, if

you want to add cells other than those specified
in the range argument. If the sum_range
argument is omitted, Excel adds the cells that are
specified in the range argument (the same cells
to which the criteria is applied).

SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1,

[criteria_range2, criteria2], ...)
=SUMIFS(A2:A9,B2:B9,"=A*",C2:C9,"Tom")
=SUMIFS(A2:A9,B2:B9,"<>Bananas",C2:C9,"Tom)

COUNTA(value1, [value2], ...)

The COUNTA function syntax has the following
arguments:

value1 Required. The first argument

representing the values that you want to count.

value2, ... Optional. Additional arguments

representing the values that you want to count,
up to a maximum of 255 arguments.

5.) COUNT IF
Use COUNTIF, one of the
statistical functions, to count
the number of cells that
meet a criterion; for example,
to count the number of
times a particular city
appears in a customer list.

COUNTIF(range, criteria)

Returns the average

(arithmetic mean) of the
arguments. For example, if
the range A1:A20 contains
numbers, the formula
=AVERAGE(A1:A20) returns
the average of those
numbers.

AVERAGE(number1, [number2], ...)

For example:

=COUNTIF(A2:A5,"apples")
=COUNTIF(A2:A5,A4)

6.) AVERAGE

7.) AVERAGE IF

Returns the average

(arithmetic mean) of all the
cells in a range that meet a
given criteria.

The AVERAGE function syntax has the following

arguments:
Number1 Required. The first number, cell
reference, or range for which you want the
average.
Number2, ... Optional. Additional numbers,
cell references or ranges for which you want the
average, up to a maximum of 255.

AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, [average_range])

The AVERAGEIF function syntax has the following
arguments:

Range Required. One or more cells to average,

including numbers or names, arrays, or
references that contain numbers.

Criteria Required. The criteria in the form of a

number, expression, cell reference, or text that
defines which cells are averaged. For example,
criteria can be expressed as 32, "32", ">32",
"apples", or B4.

Average_range Optional. The actual set of

cells to average. If omitted, range is used.

8.) MAXIMUM
Returns the largest value in a
set of values.

MAX (number1, [number2], ...)

The MAX function syntax has the following
arguments:

Number1, number2, ... Number1 is required,

subsequent numbers are optional. 1 to 255
numbers for which you want to find the
maximum value.

9.) MINIMUM
Returns the smallest number
in a set of values.

MIN(number1, [number2], ...)

The MIN function syntax has the following
arguments:

Number1, number2, ... Number1 is optional,

subsequent numbers are optional. 1 to 255
numbers for which you want to find the
minimum value.

10.) LARGE
Returns the k-th largest value in a
data set. You can use this function
to select a value based on its
relative standing. For example, you
can use LARGE to return the
highest, runner-up, or third-place
score.

LARGE(array, k)
The LARGE function syntax has the following
arguments:
Array Required. The array or range of data for
which you want to determine the k-th largest
value.
K Required. The position (from the largest) in
the array or cell range of data to return.

11.) SMALL
Returns the k-th smallest value in
a data set. Use this function to
return values with a particular
relative standing in a data set.

SMALL(array, k)
The SMALL function syntax has the following
arguments:

Array Required. An array or range of

numerical data for which you want to
determine the k-th smallest value.

K Required. The position (from the smallest)

in the array or range of data to return.

12.) UPPER
Converts text to uppercase.

UPPER(text)
The UPPER function syntax has the following
arguments:

Text Required. The text you want converted

to uppercase. Text can be a reference or text
string.

13.) LOWER
Converts all uppercase letters in a
text string to lowercase.

LOWER(text)
The LOWER function syntax has the following
arguments:

Text Required. The text you want to convert

to lowercase. LOWER does not change
characters in text that are not letters.

14.) RANK
Returns the rank of a number in a
list of numbers. The rank of a
number is its size relative to other
values in a list. (If you were to sort
the list, the rank of the number
would be its position.)

RANK(number,ref,[order])
The RANK function syntax has the following
arguments:
Number Required. The number whose rank
you want to find.

Ref Required. An array of, or a reference to, a

list of numbers. Nonnumeric values in ref are
ignored.

Order Optional. A number specifying how to

rank number.
If order is 0 (zero) or omitted, Microsoft Excel
ranks number as if ref were a list sorted in
descending order.
If order is any nonzero value, Microsoft Excel
ranks number as if ref were a list sorted in
ascending order.

15.) RAND
Returns an evenly distributed
random real number greater than
or equal to 0 and less than 1. A
new random real number is
returned every time the worksheet
is calculated.

RAND ()

Returns the most frequently

occurring, or repetitive, value in an
array or range of data.

MODE(number1,[number2],...)

The RAND function syntax has no arguments.

16.) MODE

The MODE function syntax has the following

arguments:

Number1 Required. The first number

argument for which you want to calculate the
mode.

Number2,... Optional. Number arguments 2

to 255 for which you want to calculate the
mode. You can also use a single array or a
reference to an array instead of arguments
separated by commas.

17.) MEDIAN

Returns the median of the given

numbers. The median is the
number in the middle of a set of
numbers.

MEDIAN(number1, [number2], ...)

The MEDIAN function syntax has the following
arguments:

Number1, number2, ... Number1 is required,

subsequent numbers are optional. 1 to 255
numbers for which you want the median.

18.) POWER
Returns the result of a number
raised to a power.

POWER(number, power)
The POWER function syntax has the following
arguments:

Number Required. The base number. It can

be any real number.

Power Required. The exponent to which the

base number is raised.

Remark
The "^" operator can be used instead of
POWER to indicate to what power the base
number is to be raised, such as in 5^2.

19.) NPV
Calculates the net present value of
an investment by using a discount
rate and a series of future
payments (negative values) and
income (positive values).

NPV(rate,value1,[value2],...)
The NPV function syntax has the following
arguments:

Rate Required. The rate of discount over the

length of one period.

Value1, value2, ... Value1 is required,

subsequent values are optional. 1 to 254
arguments representing the payments and
income.

Value1, value2, ... must be equally spaced in

time and occur at the end of each period.
NPV uses the order of value1, value2, ... to
interpret the order of cash flows. Be sure to
enter your payment and income values in the
correct sequence.
Arguments that are empty cells, logical values,
or text representations of numbers, error
values, or text that cannot be translated into
numbers are ignored.
If an argument is an array or reference, only
numbers in that array or reference are counted.
Empty cells, logical values, text, or error values
in the array or reference are ignored.

20.) IRR
Returns the internal rate of return
for a series of cash flows
represented by the numbers in
values. These cash flows do not
have to be even, as they would be
for an annuity. However, the cash
flows must occur at regular
intervals, such as monthly or
annually. The internal rate of
return is the interest rate received
for an investment consisting of
payments (negative values) and
income (positive values) that occur
at regular periods.

Values Required. An array or a reference to

cells that contain numbers for which you want
to calculate the internal rate of return.

Guess Optional. A number that you guess is

close to the result of IRR.

Values must contain at least one positive value

and one negative value to calculate the internal
rate of return.
IRR uses the order of values to interpret the
order of cash flows. Be sure to enter your
payment and income values in the sequence
you want.
If an array or reference argument contains text,
logical values, or empty cells, those values are
ignored.

Microsoft Excel uses an iterative technique for

calculating IRR. Starting with guess, IRR cycles
through the calculation until the result is
accurate within 0.00001 percent. If IRR can't

find a result that works after 20 tries, the

#NUM! error value is returned.
In most cases you do not need to provide guess
for the IRR calculation. If guess is omitted, it is
assumed to be 0.1 (10 percent).
If IRR gives the #NUM! error value, or if the
result is not close to what you expected, try
again with a different value for guess.

21.) PMT
PMT, one of the financial
functions, calculates the payment
for a loan based on constant
payments and a constant interest
rate.

PMT(rate, nper, pv, [fv], [type])

Note: For a more complete description of the
arguments in PMT, see the PV function.
The PMT function syntax has the following
arguments:

Rate Required. The interest rate for

the loan.

Nper Required. The total number of

payments for the loan.

Pv Required. The present value, or

the total amount that a series of future
payments is worth now; also known as
the principal.

Fv Optional. The future value, or a

cash balance you want to attain after
the last payment is made. If fv is
omitted, it is assumed to be 0 (zero),
that is, the future value of a loan is 0.

Type Optional. The number 0 (zero)

or 1 and indicates when payments are
due.

22.) GOALSEEK
If you know the result you want
from a formula, but you aren't sure
which input value the formula
needs to get that result, use the
Goal Seek feature.

23.) SCENARIO
MANAGER

24.) DATA
TABLES

25.) PIVOT
TABLES

The Document Inspector found

one or more scenarios in your
workbook that were defined by
using Scenario Manager. Scenarios
may contain cached or hidden
data in your workbook.

A data table is a range of cells in

which you can change values in
some in some of the cells and
come up with different answers to
a problem. A great example is
using the PMT function with
different loan amounts and
interest rates to figure out how
much of a loan you can afford for
a home or a car. Experimenting
with changeable values to produce
different results is part of a
discipline known as data analysis.

In PivotTable reports, you can use

summary functions in value fields
to combine values from the
underlying source data. If
summary functions and custom
calculations do not provide the
results that you want, you can
create your own formulas in
calculated fields and calculated
items. For example, you could add
a calculated item with the formula

NOTE : Goal Seek works only with one variable

input value. If you want to work with more than
one input value, such as a loan amount and a
monthly payment, you use the Solver add-in.
For more information about the Solver add-in,
see Define and solve a problem by using Solver.

for the sales commission, which

could be different for each region.
The PivotTable report would then
automatically include the
commission in the subtotals and
grand totals.

26.) DATA
VALIDATION

27.) DATE
FUNCTION

28.) NAME
MANAGER

You use data validation to restrict

the type of data or the values that
users enter into a cell.

Use Excel's DATE function when

you need to take three separate
values and combine them to form
a date.

By using names, you can make

your formulas much easier to
understand and maintain. You can
define a name for a cell range,
function, constant, or table. Once
you adopt the practice of using
names in your workbook, you can
easily update, audit, and manage
these names.