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Stress and Strain 4th Class Power Engineering Questions

Stress is defined as the internal resistance of a material when an external force is applied. There are different types of stress including compressive, tensile, and shear stress. Strain is defined as the change in shape of a material under stress. Linear strain is the change in length per unit length. Elasticity refers to a material's ability to return to its original shape when a force is removed. The modulus of elasticity, E, is the ratio of stress to strain, and represents a material's resistance to deformation. Several example problems are provided calculating stress, strain, modulus of elasticity, and necessary bar diameters based on given loads, dimensions, material properties and safety factors.

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Calvin Jude Goveia
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483 views2 pages

Stress and Strain 4th Class Power Engineering Questions

Stress is defined as the internal resistance of a material when an external force is applied. There are different types of stress including compressive, tensile, and shear stress. Strain is defined as the change in shape of a material under stress. Linear strain is the change in length per unit length. Elasticity refers to a material's ability to return to its original shape when a force is removed. The modulus of elasticity, E, is the ratio of stress to strain, and represents a material's resistance to deformation. Several example problems are provided calculating stress, strain, modulus of elasticity, and necessary bar diameters based on given loads, dimensions, material properties and safety factors.

Uploaded by

Calvin Jude Goveia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STRESS and STRAIN

STRESS and STRAIN


STRESS
Defined as: Internal resistance set up in a material when an external force is applied.
Normal Stress
- Simplest form of stress
- Acts perpendicular to the surface on which it acts( at right angles ( 900 ) )
- Expressed as force carried per unit area of material
Stress = Total Force = N = Pa = kg m = kgm3
Area
m2
s2
s2
2
m
Strs = F
A
NOTE: the area ( A )is the cross-sectional area the force is applied to
Types of Stress
- Compressive Stress
- Force applied tends to shorten or crush the material
-

Tensile Stress
- Force applied tends to lengthen or tear the material apart

Shear Stress
- Force applied tends to cause the particles of the material to slide
over each other
Double Shear
- Two planes of area ( cross-sectional area ) resist the shearing force

STRAIN
Defined as: Change of shape that takes place in a material when it is being stressed
Linear Strain
- Happens when a tensile or compressive force is applied
- Measured as the change of length per unit length
Strain = change of length = m = unit less number
original length
m
Strn = L
OL
ELASTICITY
-

All materials are elastic to a degree


- Return to its original shape when the force is removed

Modulus of Elasticity ( E ) = direct stress = stress


direct strain
strain
1

=N
m2

STRESS and STRAIN


1. A round tie bar 3.25 m long with a diameter of 7 cm is subjected to a pull of 68 kN. If the increase
in length is 9 mm, calculate the stress, strain and modulus of elasticity.
2. A steel bar 2 m long is subjected to a stress of 550 Mpa. If the modulus of elasticity (E) of steel is
235 GPA, calculate the strain and change in length produced.
3. A round tie bar 3.75 m long with a diameter of 5 cm is subjected to a pull of 80 kN. If the increase
in length is 3 mm calculate the stress, strain and modulus of elasticity.
4. A steel rod is 8 m long and its diameter is 1.91 cm. The modulus of elasticity for the steel is
200 Gpa. Calculate the stress produced, the strain and the amount the rod is stretched when it is
subjected to a load of 438 kN.
5. A copper rod 3.5 m long and a diameter 0f 3.81 cm is stretched 3.4 mm by a load suspended from
one end. If the E for copper is 110 Gpa calculate the stress produced by the load and the amount of
the load.
6. Calculate the maximum allowable stress in s steam boiler if the factor of safety is 6 and the ultimate
stress in the steel is 450 Mpa.
7. A tie bar made of steel has a ultimate strength of 450 Mpa and carries a load of 750 kN. If the factor
of safety of 12 is required in the design, calculate the necessary diameter of the bar.
8. A hollow cylinder w2ith an outside diameter of 125mm and an inside diameter of 25 mm supports a
load of 100 kN. Find the compressive stress of the material in megapascals.
9. A tie bar has a factor of safety of 6 and is made from a material having a tensile strength of 253 Mpa.
What diameter of rod is required to carry a load of 13 kN?
10. A shear pin 6 mm in diameter is in double shear. The pin has a shear strength of 395 MPa. What
force is required to cause the pin to fail?

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