This document describes a project to design a FIR bandstop filter with cutoff frequencies of 14Hz and 36Hz and an IIR lowpass filter with a cutoff frequency of 25Hz using MATLAB Simulink. It provides background on FIR and IIR filters and discusses the objectives, scope, and software design of the project. The software design section outlines the blocks used in MATLAB Simulink to design the filters. The results section analyzes the output of each individual filter and their combination, showing they meet the specified cutoff frequencies. The conclusion states that the objectives were achieved by successfully designing the two filters in MATLAB Simulink.
This document describes a project to design a FIR bandstop filter with cutoff frequencies of 14Hz and 36Hz and an IIR lowpass filter with a cutoff frequency of 25Hz using MATLAB Simulink. It provides background on FIR and IIR filters and discusses the objectives, scope, and software design of the project. The software design section outlines the blocks used in MATLAB Simulink to design the filters. The results section analyzes the output of each individual filter and their combination, showing they meet the specified cutoff frequencies. The conclusion states that the objectives were achieved by successfully designing the two filters in MATLAB Simulink.
This document describes a project to design a FIR bandstop filter with cutoff frequencies of 14Hz and 36Hz and an IIR lowpass filter with a cutoff frequency of 25Hz using MATLAB Simulink. It provides background on FIR and IIR filters and discusses the objectives, scope, and software design of the project. The software design section outlines the blocks used in MATLAB Simulink to design the filters. The results section analyzes the output of each individual filter and their combination, showing they meet the specified cutoff frequencies. The conclusion states that the objectives were achieved by successfully designing the two filters in MATLAB Simulink.
This document describes a project to design a FIR bandstop filter with cutoff frequencies of 14Hz and 36Hz and an IIR lowpass filter with a cutoff frequency of 25Hz using MATLAB Simulink. It provides background on FIR and IIR filters and discusses the objectives, scope, and software design of the project. The software design section outlines the blocks used in MATLAB Simulink to design the filters. The results section analyzes the output of each individual filter and their combination, showing they meet the specified cutoff frequencies. The conclusion states that the objectives were achieved by successfully designing the two filters in MATLAB Simulink.
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1
Design a system shown FIR Bandstop filter with
cutoff frequency, fc1 = 14Hzand fc2 = 36Hz with IIR Lowpass filter with cutoff frequency, fc3= 25Hz using MATLAB Simulink software.
Abstract A fundamental aspect of signal processing is
filtering. Filtering involves the manipulation of the spectrum of a signal by passing or blocking certain portions of the spectrum, depending on the frequency of those portions [3]. In this project, we proposed a system for filter design using MATLAB software. Filter design included for Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter and Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter. There were many advantages by using filter design in digital signal processing. Therefore, in this project we had designed two filters for FIR Bandstop filters and IIR Lowpass filter regarding cutoff frequency given. For further analysis and result of this filters, Matlab Simulink was used has a filter algorithm because it simple and easy to analyze of the output signal [4].
I. a.
b.
Project Understanding
In this project, we need to design for two filter using
MATLAB Simulink software. First, FIR Bandstop filter with cutoff frequency given fc1 = 14 Hz and fc2 = 36 Hz and second was IIR Lowpass filter with cutoff frequency fc3 = 25 Hz. Then, we need to find what our design filter and the cutoff frequency. FIR filter was much better compared to IIR filter as there was no feedback and non-recursive such it will produced stable filter. Unlike IIR it had feedback and recursive, so we need to check after design process whether the filter was stable or not. Besides, FIR had linear phased compared to IIR Filter that made the system much more stable. Therefore, IIR Filter not preferable to use in digital signal processing. Figure 1 showed a block diagram of two filters.
INTRODUCTION
Project Background
Nowadays, digital filters widely being used in almost all areas
of digital signal processing [1]. Besides that, there were two types of filter design used in this subject. Firstly, it is Finite Impulse Response (FIR) and secondly Infinite Impulse Response (IIR). Infinite impulse response (IIR) is a property of signal processing systems. Systems with this property are known as IIR systems or, when dealing with filter systems, as IIR filters. IIR systems have an impulse response function that is non-zero over an infinite length of time. This is in contrast to finite impulse response (FIR) filters, which have fixedduration impulse responses. The simplest analogue IIR filter is an RC filter made up of a single resistor (R) feeding into a node shared with a single capacitor (C). This filter has an exponential impulse response characterized by an RC is time constant. Because the exponential function is asymptotic to a limit, and thus never settles at a fixed value, the response is considered infinite [3] Furthermore, many advantages of this two filter. For examples high noise immunity, high accuracy, easy modification of filter characteristic, freedom from component variations, low and constantly decreasing cost [1]. Instead of analog filters, now the digital filter rapidly used in many applications that can be used effectively.
Figure 1 Block diagrams of FIR and IIR filters [2]
c.
Objectives
d.
To design FIR Bandstop filter and IIR
Lowpass filter To analyze the output produce for the each design filter To analyze the output that we combine that both filters together.
Scope of Project In our project, it was design for two filters with cutoff frequency given. For FIR Bandstop filter were given fc1 = 14 Hz and fc2 = 36 Hz. Then, for IIR Lowpass filter with cutoff frequency fc3 = 25 Hz. Beside this filter, a discrete
2 input signal also created that will as input signal that will be analyze. The input signal will be filtered for each filter and also combine of both filters. That means, there are two designs of digital filter of this project and will be using Matlab Simulink as design algorithm of this digital filter. II. a.
f.
Spectrum Analyzer Block- To analyze a signal in
frequency domain (FFT)
g.
Scope Block- To show the input and output signal in
time domain.
SOFTWARE DESIGN AND
DESCRIPTION
Software Design
This part is to describe the whole process involved in order
to design, and simulate of Finite Impulse Response and Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) also frequency impulse respond. It begins with early research and theoretical study to determine the most suitable methods that can be used to design FIR and IIR. The project design is done using MATLAB (SIMULINK) software. Figure 2 show that basic sequences of our project process, it starts with making background research about the FIR and IIR and its parameters. Then, look for the suitable software that will be familiar with the filter design. In this design, we have been used the MATLAB Simulink to create the block diagram. From Figure 2 also we find a suitable block at MATLAB Simulink to fulfill the requirements. There are several Block in MATLAB Simulink that will be used in this project for design digital filter such as: a.
Sin Wave Block To generate a discrete Sin Wave
b.
Random Number Block-To create a random signal
form
c.
Summing Block- To combine or adding a two signal
together
Discrete Random Input Signal
Digital Filter
Filtered Output Signal
Figure 2 Basic Sequence of Project Process
b.
Software Structure.
After the selecting the suitable block in the MATLAB
Simulink, a design of the digital filter block diagram was created in MATLAB Simulink. The Figure 3 and Figure 4 show the block diagram at MATLAB Simulink that was created and all the parameter of the digital filter requirement was inserted at the block.
Figure 3: First Design of Digital Filter that analyze of each Digital Filter Output
d.
Gain Block To Increase the amplitude of the signal
input.
e.
Digital Filter Block (FDATool) To design a Digital
Filter based the specification that given. Figure 4: Second Design of Combination of Digital Filter (FIR Bandstop Filter+ IIR Lowpass Filter)
3 Figures 5 and Figures 6 was show the parameter of the FIR Bandstop filter and IIR Lowpass filter inserted at FDATool Block.
Figure 6(b): Time Domain and Frequency Domain for FIR Digital Filter using Hamming Windows
Figure 5 IIR Lowpass Parameters was inserted at FDATool Block
Figure 7: Design IIR Lowpass filter and the cut off frequency fixed at -3dB. Figure 5 FIR Bandstop Parameters was inserted at FDATool Block.
III. a)
RESULT ANALYSIS
Software Analysis
In this chapter will explain how the design of the digital filter that have created working at the all the input and the output signal was analyze to make sure the specification of the digital filter same as the given . For the input signal, we were used a sin wave block and the random block to create a discrete input signal. The summing block is used to sum the two signals together and become as input signal. A Digital Filter was filtered the input signal either used FIR Bandstop filter and IIR Lowpass filter. The Figure 6 and Figure 7 was show the design specification for FIR Bandstop filter and IIR Lowpass filter and it will compare to the output result.
b) Final Output Analysis
In this part will show the result of the each filter and also the combination of the two filters based on the two designs that have discuss at previous chapter. The digital filters was analyze based of their amplitude, magnitude and phase. We set the fpass1(f1)=14Hz, fpass2(f2)=36Hz, fstop1(3)=24Hz, and fstop2(4) =26Hz. Then, the normalize frequency can get when divided with the sample rate that set has 100Hz.
The below show the step and calculation to find the impulse response of FIR Bandstop digital filter:
Figure 6 (a): Design specification of FIR Bandstop filter and the cut off frequency was fixed at -6dB using window Hamming
Fo =0.5 ( F 2+ F 3 )=0.25 F c=0.5 ( F 3 + F 4 )F o =0.06 F p =0.5 ( F p 1 + F p 2 )=0. 11 F s=0.5 ( F s 1+ F s2 ) =0. 01 FT =FpFs=0. 10 N=
Then , we change the system into causal signal start at 0. Figure 10: The signal before and after filter using IIR Lowpass filter at time domain (Scope Output)
From the result at Figure 9 (a), the signal after filtered is more smoothly compare before filtered. Finally for the second design of the digital filter, we had combine the both filter and the output result was show analyze and show at Figure 11.
Figure 8: Impulse response of Digital FIR Bandstop Filter using Hamming
Windows
The Figure 9(a) and Figure 9(b) show the magnitude and the phase of design digital filter
Figure 11: Combination of FIR Bandstop filter and IIR Lowpass filter.
From the Figure 11, the output signal was really smoothly signal and almost same as sinusoidal form. The signal was better than the previous result that just used a separately digital filter. The ripple almost of this signal almost gone and show that the noise is less. IV. Figure 9 (a): The magnitude and the phase of the Digital IIR Low Pass Filter using Butterworth
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this project was can be say successfully
complete because of the objective of this project was achieved. We also have created a Digital Filter using FDATool based on the specification. A MATLAB Simulink was created for analyze the input signal before and after the Digital Filter. The design of the two Digital Filter that is FIR Bandstop filter and also IIR Lowpass filter was successfully created at it also follow the requirement given. As a result we can create a smooth signal by used both Digital Filters. The filter we can use it for other purpose such as to eliminate noise of some sensor and other application. REFERENCES
Figure 9(b): The magnitude and the phase of the Digital FIR Bandstop Filter using Hamming Windows
[1] Chapter 6 Digital Filter, (pp). Sharifah Saon (2013)
[2] 3.1Introduction, Mikroelektronika, http://www.rfwireless-world.com/Terminology/FIR-filter-vsIIR-filter.html. [3] Ashok Ambardar (Second Edition),Analog and Digital Signal Processing.
5 http://www.gobookee.net/analog-and-digital-signalprocessing-ashok-ambardar/ [4] Samir V. Ginde & Joseph A.N. Noronha, DESIGN OF IIR FILTERS. http://www.mikroe.com/chapters/view/73/chapter-3-iir-filter [5] FIR Filter Design http://www.mathworks.com/help/signal/ug/fir-filterdesign.html?requestedDomain=www.mathworks.com
