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C Course: Pointers, Arrays, Macros

This document provides an overview of key C programming concepts including data types, basic types like integers and floats, pointers and how they store addresses, arrays and how they relate to pointers, structures and unions for organizing data, and macros for code preprocessing. It also discusses functions, how to define and call them, and common issues around pointers, arrays, and memory allocation.

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59 views

C Course: Pointers, Arrays, Macros

This document provides an overview of key C programming concepts including data types, basic types like integers and floats, pointers and how they store addresses, arrays and how they relate to pointers, structures and unions for organizing data, and macros for code preprocessing. It also discusses functions, how to define and call them, and common issues around pointers, arrays, and memory allocation.

Uploaded by

Old.Master
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C Course

Pointers, Arrays, Macros

Data types

Basic types
Enumerated types
Type void
Derived types

Pointer
Array
Structure/union
function

Basic types

int, unsigned, long, float, char,


Be very careful with float and double
typecast: implicit, explicit
void main(void) {
int a = (int)b;
float a = 1.1;

double b = 1.1;
void main(void) {
if(a == b)
int a = -1;
printf("pigs are awesome");
unsigned b = 1;
else
if (b > a)
printf("I'm a boob");
printf(boobs are awesome);
}
else
printf(Im a pig (schweine for Whitefucker));
}

Enumerated types
enum X {a, b, c};
enum X {a=2, b, c};
enum X {a, b=-1, c};
enum X {a, b, c}; sizeof(enum X); sizeof(a)
Q: How to count number of elements in
enum?
A: ?

Type void

void x; //Error, why?


void* x;
void main(void);
main(void); //What this function returns?
main(); //Which parameters do this
function take?

Pointer
Pointer value is address to something
It can point to valid or invalid address
(therefore, segmentation fault or similar err)
It can point to a pointer (infinitely?)
Operator & returns (by convention)
address of operand (it can be used only
on lvalue)

Array
array of elements (similar to pointer to
array of elements)
Value is pointer to first element
sizeof is how much memory array takes
&array is pointer to an array of n elements
&array + 1? Why is this dangerous?
Where are those elements stored?

Structure & unions


Difference
Structure packing
struct X {
int a;
char c;
} __attribute__((packed));
struct Y {
int a;
char c;
};

typedef struct {
uint8_t R;
uint8_t G;
uint8_t B;
uint8_t alpha;
} ColorRGBA;
typedef union {
uint32_t RGBA;
ColorRGBA channel;
} Color;

Arrays
int array[5][10];
sizeof(array);
sizeof(array[0]);
sizeof(&array);
sizeof(&array[0]);
void foo(int arr[]);
VLA

Pointers
void alloc(void** ptr, size_t sz);
void matrix_alloc(void*** ptr, size_t x, size_t y, size_t
data_size);
void matrix_alloc(void*** ptr, size_t x, size_t y, size_t
data_size) {
//allocate matrix size = x * y
}
how to use matrix_alloc function?

Pointers
void free(void* ptr);
void matrix_free(???);
void matrix_free(???) {
//free matrix size = x * y
}
how to use matrix_free function?

Macros
Preprocessor
#define, #include, #undef, #ifdef, #ifndef,
#if, #else, #elif, #endif, #error, #pragma
#define MAX_FILENAME_SZ 255

#ifdef __linux__

#ifdef __linux__

#define MAX_FILENAME_SZ 1024

#undef MAX_FILENAME_SZ

#else

#define MAX_FILENAME_SZ 1024

#define MAX_FILENAME_SZ 255

#endif

#endif

Predefined macros

__DATE__ //MMM DD YYYY


__TIME__ //HH:MM:SS
__FILE__ //e.g. main.c
__LINE__ //line number (decimal constant)
__STDC__ //Defined as 1 when the
compiler complies with the ANSI standard.

Macro operators
Continuation Operator (\)
#define VOLUME(A, B, C) ((A) * \
(B) * \
(C))

#define VOLUME(A, B, C) ((A) * (B) * (C))

Stringize Operator (#)


#define stringize(token) #token

printf(stringize(Whitefucker) is awesome); //?

Macro operators
Token pasting Operator (##)
#define str(X) str_##X
char *str_1=1, *str2=2, str_i=i;
int i = 1;
printf(%s, str(i));

Defined Operator
#if defined(TKEL_OS21)
#include tkel_os21.h|
#elif defined(TKEL_ECOS)
#include tkel_ecos.h
#error Unsupported operating system
#endif

Marko Grumic, BS, MS, MA, PhD, and ScD. OMG :),

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