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Strings: A String Is An Array of Characters

The document discusses MATLAB strings. Some key points: - Strings in MATLAB are arrays of characters that can be manipulated like vectors. - Common string operations include indexing, concatenation, conversion between strings and numeric codes. - Functions like strcmp, strfind, strrep allow comparing, searching, and replacing substrings. - Strings can be converted between character codes and numeric formats with functions like double, char, num2str. - Multidimensional character arrays can store multiple strings. Functions like strtok parse strings into tokens.

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Osram F. Rodríguez
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© © All Rights Reserved
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29 views

Strings: A String Is An Array of Characters

The document discusses MATLAB strings. Some key points: - Strings in MATLAB are arrays of characters that can be manipulated like vectors. - Common string operations include indexing, concatenation, conversion between strings and numeric codes. - Functions like strcmp, strfind, strrep allow comparing, searching, and replacing substrings. - Strings can be converted between character codes and numeric formats with functions like double, char, num2str. - Multidimensional character arrays can store multiple strings. Functions like strtok parse strings into tokens.

Uploaded by

Osram F. Rodríguez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Strings

MATLAB Strings

A string is an array of characters


n

Selim Aksoy
Bilkent University
Department of Computer Engineering
[email protected]

s = 'abc'
is equivalent to s = [ 'a' 'b' 'c' ]

All operations that apply to vectors and


arrays can be used together with
strings as well
n
n
n

s(1) 'a'
s( [ 1 2 ] ) = 'XX' s = 'XXc'
s(end) 'c'

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String Conversion
n

double( 'abc xyz' )


ans =
97 98 99 32 120 121 122
double( 'ABC XYZ' )
ans =
65 66 67 32 88 89 90

char( [ 72 101 108 108 111 33 ] )


ans =
Hello!

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CS 111

n
n

String Tests
n

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ischar ( 'CS 111' )


ans =
1
isletter( 'CS 111' )
ans =
1
1
0
0

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isspace( 'CS 111' )


ans =
0
0
1
0

0
CS 111

'a' < 'e'


ans =
1

Comparing two strings character by character

isspace() : returns 1 for whitespace (blank, tab, new


line)
n

CS 111

Comparing two characters

isletter() : returns 1 for letters of the alphabet


n

s = [ 'my first string'; 'my second string' ]


??? Error
s = char( 'my first string', 'my second string' )
s=
char function
my first string
automatically
my second string
pads strings
size(s) [ 2 16 ]
size( deblank( s(1,:) ) ) [ 1 15 ]

String Comparison

ischar() : returns 1 for a character array


n

2-D character arrays

Conversion of numerical arrays to strings


n

Character Arrays

Conversion of strings to numerical arrays


n

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'fate' == 'cake'
ans =
0
1
0
'fate' > 'cake'
ans =
1
0
1

0
CS 111

String Comparison
n

strcmp() : returns 1 if two strings are


identical
n
n

String Case Conversion


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a = 'Bilkent';
strcmp( a, 'Bilkent' )
ans =
1
strcmp( 'Hello', 'hello' )
ans =
0

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strcmpi( 'Hello', 'hello' )


ans =
1

CS 111

Searching in Strings

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s1 = 'This is a good example';


s2 = strrep( s1, 'good', 'great' )
s2 =
This is a great example

CS 111

[ token, remainder ] = strtok( 'This is a test!', ' ' )


token =
This
remainder =
is a test!
remainder = 'This is a test!';
while ( any( remainder ) ),
[ word, remainder ] = strtok( remainder );
disp( word );
end
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10

Recall num2str() for numeric-to-string


conversion
n

11

str = [ 'Plot for x = ' num2str( 10.3 ) ]


str =
Plot for x = 10.3

str2num() : converts strings containing


numbers to numeric form
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String Conversion

strrep() : replaces one string with


another
n

CS 111

strtok() : finds a token in a string


n

test = 'This is a test!';


pos = findstr( test, 'is' )
pos =
3 6
pos = findstr( test, ' ' )
pos =
5
8 10

Replacing in Strings
n

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a = lower( 'This is test 1!' )


a=
this is test 1!

Searching in Strings

findstr() : finds one string within


another one
n

a = upper( 'This is test 1!' )


a=
THIS IS TEST 1!

Uppercase-to-lowercase

strcmpi() : returns 1 if two strings are


identical ignoring case
n

Lowercase-to-uppercase

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x = str2num( '3.1415' )
x=
3.1415
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12

String Conversion
n

String Comparison

sprintf() is identical to fprintf() but


output is a string
n

Example: Write a function that takes two


strings and returns
n

str = sprintf( 'Plot for angle = %0.4f', pi )


str =
Plot for angle = 3.1416

n
n

Pseudocode:
n
n
n

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-1 if the first string is lexicographically less than


the second
0 if they are equal
+1 if the first string is lexicographically greater
than the second

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Get input strings


Pad strings to equal length
Compare characters from beginning to end and
find the first difference
Return a value depending on the first distance
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14

String Comparison
function result = c_strcmp(str1,str2)
%C_STRCMP Compare strings like C function "strcmp"
% Function C_STRCMP compares two strings, and returns
% a -1 of str1 < str2, a 0 if str1 == str2, and a
% +1 if str1 > str2.
%
%
%
%

Record of revisions:
Date
Programmer
====
==========
10/18/98
S. J. Chapman

Description of change
=====================
Original code

% Check to see if the arguments are strings


if ~(isstr(str1) & isstr(str2))
error('Both str1 and str2 must both be strings!')
else
% Pad strings
strings = strvcat(str1,str2) ;
% Compare strings
diff = strings( 1,:) ~= strings( 2,:);
if sum(diff) == 0
% Strings match, so return a zero!
result = 0;
else
% Find first difference between strings
ival = find(diff);
if strings(1,ival(1)) > strings(2,ival( 1))
result = 1;
else
result = -1;
end
end
end

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