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Solutions For Topic 7 - Atomic, Nuclear, and Particle Physics

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255 views2 pages

Solutions For Topic 7 - Atomic, Nuclear, and Particle Physics

Answers

Uploaded by

Kanya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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E N D - O F -TO P I C Q U E S T I O N S

Solutions for Topic 7 Atomic, nuclear, and particle physics


1. a) use collimator and pass through diffraction grating to disperse light
b) E = hf = __
hc= 4.09 1019 J

c) (i) need line at 1.35 1019 J to give correct wavelength transitions


(ii)
arrow from 1.35 1019 J to 2.41 1019 J: 1880 nm transition
arrow from 1.35 1019 J to 5.44 1019 J: 486 nm transition
2. a) E = hf = __
hc= 3.03 1019 J = 1.9 eV

b) (i) line from 1.5 to 3.4 eV level


(ii) = 486 nm so E = 2.6 eV so line from 0.85 to 3.4 eV level

3. a) Isotopes are nuclides of the same element with the same number of protons but different
numbers of neutrons
b) beta minus decay proton number increases by one as neutron is converted to proton; electron
antineutrino produced
c) check a sensible line of best fit (exponential decay curve) is drawn
d) half life = time for activity to decrease to half original value
Activity decreases from 3.2 105 Bq to 1.6 105 Bq in around 8 days
4. a) neutron converting into proton, so beta minus decay; nucleon number (total number of
protons and neutrons) stays the same; electron and electron antineutrino also produced
b)

N0

NCa

1
2 N0

NK
0

10

20

30

40
t/hours

50

60

70

c) point on graph where number of calcium nuclei is 7 times greater than number of potassium nuclei
5. a) proton or neutron
b) work needed to break nucleus into its constituent nucleons
c) most stable nuclide is Fe-56; lighter nuclei are less tightly bound so can release energy when
they are fused together; heavier nuclei are less stable and can split into smaller constituents,
releasing energy in fission

Oxford University Press 2014: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute

839213_Solutions_Ch07.indd 1

1
12/17/14 4:09 PM

E N D - O F -TO P I C Q U E S T I O N S

6. a) mass defect is 3.01603 (2 1.00728) 1.00867 = 7.2 103 u


total binding energy is 7.2 103 931.5 = 6.7 MeV
3 nucleons so binding energy per nucleon is 2.2 MeV
(ii)

binding energy per


nucleon

b) (i) fusion reaction

56
nucleon number

(iii) Helium nucleus is less stable than most stable nuclide, so energy is released when two
nuclei are fused together
7. a) nuclear fission is the splitting of a heavy nucleus into smaller nuclei, producing energy;
radioactive decay is when an unstable nucleus will spontaneously change into a different
nuclear configuration
b) (i) get number of neutrons by balancing charges
235
142
 92
U + 10n
90
r + 54
S
Xe + 4 10n

38
(ii) neutron turns into proton, so nucleon number remains the same but proton number
increases by one
8. a) nuclear fission
b) (235.0439 + 1.0087) (95.9342 + 137.9112 + 2 1.0087) = 0.1898 u
Energy = 0.1898 931.5 = 177 MeV
c) neutrons released can go on to cause more fission reactions, leading to a chain reaction
d) nuclear binding energy
9. a) weak
b) W+ boson
c) electron neutrino
10. a) (i) allowed (charge and lepton number conserved)
(ii) not allowed (baryon number not conserved)
(iii) not allowed (charge and baryon number not conserved)
b) can have W+, W, or Z boson
11. a) meson (2 quark structure)
b) uud
+ uud = ds+ us+ sss
c) su
baryon number and strangeness both conserved
12. a) exchange particle carries the force between particles; said to be virtual because it is not detected
during exchange
b) W boson (diagram shows decay)

Oxford University Press 2014: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute

839213_Solutions_Ch07.indd 2

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12/17/14 4:09 PM

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