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Components of Computer and Data Representation: Saima Jabeen

This lecture discusses the key components of computers, including both hardware and software. It describes the internal components like the motherboard, processor, memory and storage devices. It also covers peripheral devices. The lecture explains how computers represent data digitally using binary number systems and coding schemes like ASCII. It defines units of data storage like bits, bytes, kilobytes and megabytes. Finally, it discusses how non-numeric data like characters are encoded digitally.

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Anas Asif
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33 views18 pages

Components of Computer and Data Representation: Saima Jabeen

This lecture discusses the key components of computers, including both hardware and software. It describes the internal components like the motherboard, processor, memory and storage devices. It also covers peripheral devices. The lecture explains how computers represent data digitally using binary number systems and coding schemes like ASCII. It defines units of data storage like bits, bytes, kilobytes and megabytes. Finally, it discusses how non-numeric data like characters are encoded digitally.

Uploaded by

Anas Asif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 02: Components of Computer

CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Components of Computer and Data


Representation

Saima Jabeen

Lec02: Components of Computer

CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Agenda for today

Parts of a Computer

Data Representation

Peripheral devices

Number systems

Conversion methods

ASCII/Unicode

Lec02: Components of Computer

CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Parts of a Computer
There are two main parts of computers:

Hardware: parts of the computer you can see and touch.


e.g.,

Monitor, Keyboard, Processor, Memory, Circuits, Cables etc.

Software: refers to the parts of the computer which do not


have a material form e.g.,

Data, Programs, Protocols etc.

Lec02: Components of Computer

CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Computer: An External Look


Casing
inside]

[with

components

Next slide

Monitor

Lets the user see how


computer
is
responding to their command

the

Keyboard

For entering text commands

Mouse

Point-and-Click interface for


interacting
with
graphical
environment
4

Lec02: Components of Computer

CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Computer: Internal Components (-1-)

Inside the casing, we have a built-in power supply along with:

Mother board

Provides slots to host microprocessor, memory, driver


controllers, graphics card, modem, network card etc

also provides electrical connections by which these hosted


components communicate

Hard Disk Drive

It is the central printed circuit board (PCB) where the core


components of your computer reside

Permanent storage for data and programs. Also, normally, your


operating system is installed here.

CD-ROM / DVD Player

Lec02: Components of Computer

CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Computer: Internal Components (-2-)

Power Supply
6

Lec02: Components of Computer

CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Computer: Internal Components (-3-)


Motherboard:
Connectors & Ports
HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia
Interface) is a compact audio or
video interface for transferring
uncompressed video data and
compressed/uncompressed
digital audio data from a HDMIcompliant device to a compatible
computer monitor, video projector
etc.

RJ=Registered Jack

Lec02: Components of Computer

CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Computer: Internal Components (-3-)


PCI Slot
[sound, network, modem]

AGP Slot
[Graphics]

IDE / ATA Connector


[hard disk, CD-ROM]

Power
Connector

DRAM Memory
Slot

Slot for
Microprocessor

Motherboard: Sockets & Slots


8

Lec02: Components of Computer

CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Computer: Internal Components (-4-)

Microprocessor
Graphics Card

Lec02: Components of Computer

CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Computer: Internal Components (-5-)

RAM

Network Card

10

Lec02: Components of Computer

CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Computer: Internal Components (-6-)

Hard Disk Drive

DVD RW

11

Lec02: Components of Computer

CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Computer: Peripherals
A peripheral device is an equipment that might be
added to a computer system to enhance its
functionality

Printer
Digital camera
Scanner
Projector
Joystick
Graphics tablet

12

Lec02: Components of Computer

CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Data Representation

13

Lec02: Components of Computer

CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Data Representation

Modern computers are digital devices

A digital device works with discrete data, such as the


digits 1 and 0

An analog device works with continuous data

Just as a standard light switch is a simpler technology


than a dimmer, so is digital when compared to analog
digital

analog

14

Lec02: Components of Computer

CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Number System

We use decimal number system [base 10] when representing


numeric values in our daily life

Consider the number 123

123 = 100 + 20 + 3 = 1*102 + 2 * 101 + 3*100


Most modern computer systems do not use the decimal
system to represent numeric values.

Instead, they use a binary numbering system [base 2]

Consisting of only two digits: 1 and 0


Uses powers of 2 rather than 10

15

Lec02: Components of Computer

CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Conversions

Conversion from binary to decimal:


(1011)2 = 1*23 + 0*22 + 1*21 + 1*20 = (11)10

Conversion from decimal to binary:


2 125
2
62
1
2 16
2
31
0
2 8
2 4
2
15
1 (125)10
2
7

1 = (1111101)2 2 2
2
3

1
2 1
2

0
0

(16)10
0 = (10000)
2
0

1
16

Lec02: Components of Computer

CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Representing Non-Numeric Data

Some decimal values & their binary equivalents

In addition to numeric data, computers also


manipulate character data

numbers, symbols, numerals that are not


used in arithmetic operations
To represent them, codes have been
developed
that specify binary equivalent for each
character

ASCII 7 bits

Unicode 16 bits

[Example table given ]

Sounds and pictures must be transformed


into a format the computer can understand

A computer must digitize colors, notes,


and instrument sounds into 1s and 0s

Char

Decimal

Binary

65

100 0001

66

100 0010

48

011 0000

49

011 0001

36

010 0100
17

Lec02: Components of Computer

CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Quantifying Bits and Bytes


A bit is one binary digit (b):

can have value either 0 or 1

A byte is 8 bits (B)

0010 0100

Kilo- means a 1000; Mega- means million; Giga -means billion

Kilobit (Kb) is 1,024 bits


Kilobyte (KB) is 1,024 bytes
Megabyte (MB) is 1,048,576 bytes
Gigabyte (GB) is 1,073,741,824 bytes

Bits take the form of electrical pulses that can travel over
circuits

Almost the same way as electricity flows over a wire when you turn on a
light switch
18

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