11/5/10
Class 31
Friday, November 5th
Section 8.4 d & e
Psychrometric (Psycho!) Charts
Humidification Problems
Psychrometric (Psycho!) Charts
Absolute Humidity, ha
[kg H2O(v)/kg Dry Air]
Moisture content
If you know any
two of these can
determine all the
others!
Absolute Humidity
Dry bulb temperature
Absolute humidity
Relative humidity
Dew Point
Humid volume
Wet bulb temperature
Specific enthalpy of
saturated air
Enthalpy deviation
Dry Bulb Temperature, T
Temp. measured by conventional
method (thermometer)
Dry Bulb Temperature
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Relative Humidity, hr
Dew Point, Tdp
Temperature at which humid air
becomes saturated if cooled at a
constant pressure
*
hr = 100 p H 2O p H 2O (T)
100% Relative
humidity
um
id
ity
el
a
tiv
Dew Point
Wet-Bulb Temperature, Twb
Humid Volume, V [m3/kg dry air]
Enthalpy Deviation
olum
ir V
Correction factor for enthalpy of humid
air NOT at saturation
rd
at
ai
lpy De
viatio
id A
Enthalpy of 1kg of dry air + the water
vapor it contains at saturation
Entha
Specific Enthalpy of Saturated Air,
Temperature of air measured using a
modified thermometer bulb
Hum
Volume occupied by 1kg of dry
air plus the water vapor that
accompanies
it
Wet-Bulb Temperature
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Air at 25 C and 1 atm has a relative
humidity of 20%. Use the psychrometric chart to estimate the absolute
humidity
a).004
b) .015
c).020
d) .031
0.004 kg/kg dry air
Air at 25 C and 1 atm has a relative
humidity of 20%. Use the psychrometric chart to estimate the wet bulb
temperature.
a) 0 C
b) 5 C
c) 12.5 C
Twb = 12.5 C
d) 20 C
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Air at 25 C and 1 atm has a relative
humidity of 20%. Use the psychrometric chart to estimate the dew
point temperature.
a)1 C
b) 5 C
d) 15 C
e) 20 C
c) 10 C
Tdp = 1C
Air at 25 C and 1 atm has a relative
humidity of 20%. Use the psychrometric chart to estimate the humid
volume in m3/kg dry air
a) .75
b) .80
c) .85
V = 0.85 m3/kg dry air
d) .90
11/5/10
Air at 25 C and 1 atm has a relative
humidity of 20%. Use the psychrometric chart to estimate the specific
enthalpy of the air in kJ/kg dry air
a) 35
b) 34.7
35 kJ/kg dry air
- 0.3 (deviation)
34.7 KJ/kg dry air
c) 30
d) 29.7
Class Problem #1
A gas stream leaves a combustion furnace at 800oF and
atmospheric pressure, at a rate of 300 actual ft3/min. The
gas contains 7.1 mol% CO2, 74.3 mol% N2, 4.3 mol% O2,
and 14.3 mol% H2O. The gas is cooled to 200 F in a heat
exchanger. The heat it loses goes into raising the
temperature of air at 60 F and 30% hr to 100 F. Calculate
the SCFH air that can be heated, using the pyschrometric
chart in your calculation.
n o (lb-moles/min)
200 F, 1 atm
300 ft3/min, 800 F, 1 atm
Q W = KE + PE + H
Q = H
Complete the table:
Reference state: Gas, Pref = 1atm, Tref = 77 F
Substance
n (lb-mol/min)
in(Btu/lbmol)
out(Btu/lbmol)
CO2
0.071 CO2
0.743 N2
0.043 O2
0.143 H2O
humid air
m o (lbm dry air/min)
60 F
hr = 30%
1) Determine how much energy is transferred from
stream 2 to stream 1
N2
O2
Q [Btu/min]
100 F
H 2O
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Find ns:
n= PV/RT
= (1 atm)(300 ft2/min)/(1260 R)(0.7302 ft3 atm/lb-mol R)
= 0.326 lb-moles/min
yCO2
yN2
yO2
yH2O
nCO2
nN2
nO2
nH2O
= 0.071
= 0.743
= 0.043
= 0.143
Substance
n (lb-mol/min)
CO2
0.0231
N2
0.2422
O2
0.014
H 2O
0.0466
= 0.0231
= 0.2422
= 0.014
= 0.0466
in(Btu/lbmol)
out(Btu/lbmol)
Can look up s in Table B.9
Reference state: Gas, Pref = 1atm, Tref = 77 F
Substance
n (lb-mol/min)
in(Btu/lbmol)
out(Btu/lbmol)
CO2
0.0231
7599
1132
N2
0.2422
5150
857
O2
0.014
5418
875
H 2O
0.0466
6122
996
Energy Balance on gas:
Q = H = ni (out in )
= -1492 Btu/min energy transferred between
streams
2) Determine the specific enthalpies of steam/air
mixture in and out of heat exchanger
Use psychrometric chart!
1492 Btu/min
Humid air in:
60 F
hr = 30%
humid air
humid air
m o (lbm dry air/min)
100 F
ha = 0.0033
60 F
hr = 30%
Humid air out:
100 F
ha = 0.0033 lbm H2O /lbm dry air
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2) Determine the specific enthalpies of steam/air
mixture in and out of heat exchanger
3) Determine mass of air required
Use psychrometric chart!
Energy balance on air:
Humid air in:
60F
hr = 30%
= 18 Btu/lb-mol dry air
ha = 0.0033 lb-mol H2O/lb-mol dry air
Q = 1492 Btu/min = H = ni (out in )
ni = 149.2 lb-mol dry air/min
4) Determine the SCFH of air required
Humid air out:
100F
ha = 0.0033
= 28 Btu/lb-mol dry air
3) Determine mass of air required
Energy balance on air:
Q = H = ni (out in )
ni = 149.2 lb-mole D.A./min
4) Determine the SCFH of air required
From chart:
At 32F, 1 atm (STP), ha = 0.0033
VSTP = 12.4 ft3/lb-mole D.A.
V = (12.4 ft3/lb-mole D.A.)(149.2 lb-mol D.A./min)(60 min/hr)
V = 1.11 x 105 ft3/hr
11/5/10
Class Problem # 2
A solution of sugar in water is to be concentrated from 5 wt%
sugar to 20 wt%. The solution is fed continuously to a bubble
column. Air at 45 C with a dew point of 4 C is bubbled through
the column and emerges saturated. The humidification of the air
may be considered adiabatic. Use the psychrometric chart to
solve the following problems: (a) What are the absolute
humidities of the entering and exiting air, (b) How many kg of dry
air must be fed per kg of the entering sugar solution? What is the
corresponding volume of the entering wet air? (use the chart for
the latter problem)
5 wt % sugar in water
45 C humid air
Tdp 4C
20 wt % sugar in water
Part a) Absolute humidities of entering and exiting air?
Entering Air:
45C humid air
d.p. 4C
Exiting Air:
Saturated
(Adiabatically! Twb = Tas)
Saturated air
Part a) Absolute humidities of entering and exiting air?
Entering Air:
45C humid air
d.p. 4C
Exiting Air:
Saturated
(Adiabatically! Twb = Tas)
ha = 0.005 kg H2O/kg D.A.
Twb = 20.4C
ha = 0.0154 kg H2O/kg D.A.
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Part b) kg D.A. fed per kg sugar solution?
5 wt % sugar in water
1 kg
45C humid air
m1 (kg D.A.)
0.005 kg H2O/kg D.A
Part b) V of corresponding wet air?
20 wt % sugar in water
m2
Saturated air
m1 (kg D.A)
0.0151 kg H2O/kg DA
V = 0.91 m3/kg dry air
Mass Balance! (sugar)
0.05(1 kg) = 0.2 m2
m2 = 0.25 kg
Mass Balance! (Water)
m1 (0.005 kg H2O/kg D.A) + 1 kg (0.95) = m1(0.0154 kg H2O/kg DA) + 0.25 (0.8)
m1 = 72 kg dry air
Part b) V of corresponding wet air?
Humid volume of air at entering conditions
V = 0.91 m3/kg D.A.
V = (0.91 m3/kg D.A.)(72 kg D.A.) = 66 m3
