200 Chapter 7

A MCR is able to turn on or off a section of a ladder program up to the point at which the
master control relay is reset.

Problems
Problems 1 through 23 have four answer options: A, B, C, or D. Choose the correct answer
from the answer options. Problems 1 through 3 refer to Figure 7.30, which shows a ladder
diagram with an internal relay (designated IR 1), two inputs (In 1 and In 2), and an output
(Output 1).
1. Decide whether each of these statements is true (T) or false (F). For the ladder diagram
shown in Figure 7.30, there is an output from output 1 when:
(i) There is just an input to In 1.
(ii) There is just an input to In 2.
A. (i) T (ii) T
B. (i) T (ii) F
C. (i) F (ii) T
D. (i) F (ii) F
2. Decide whether each of these statements is true (T) or false (F). For the ladder diagram
shown in Figure 7.30, there is an output from output 1 when:
(i) There is an input to In 2 and a momentary input to In 1.
(ii) There is an input to In 1 or an input to In 2.
A. (i) T (ii) T
B. (i) T (ii) F
C. (i) F (ii) T
D. (i) F (ii) F

In 1

In 2

IR 1

IR 1

IR 1

Output 1

Figure 7.30: Diagram for Problems 1, 2, and 3.

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3. Decide whether each of these statements is true (T) or false (F). For the ladder diagram
shown in Figure 7.30, the internal relay:
(i) Switches on when there is just an input to In 1.
(ii) Switches on when there is an input to In 1 and to In 2.
A. (i) T (ii) T
B. (i) T (ii) F
C. (i) F (ii) T
D. (i) F (ii) F
Problems 4 through 6 refer to Figure 7.31, which shows a ladder diagram involving internal
relays IR 1 and IR 2, inputs In 1, In 2, In 3, and In 4, and output Output 1.
4. Decide whether each of these statements is true (T) or false (F). For the ladder diagram
shown in Figure 7.31, the internal relay IR 1 is energized when:
(i) There is an input to In 1.
(ii) There is an input to In 3.
A. (i) T (ii) T
B. (i) T (ii) F
C. (i) F (ii) T
D. (i) F (ii) F
5. Decide whether each of these statements is true (T) or false (F). For the ladder diagram
shown in Figure 7.31, the internal relay IR 2 is energized when:
(i) Internal relay IR 1 is energized.
(ii) Input 4 is energized.
A. (i) T (ii) T
B. (i) T (ii) F

In 1

In 2

IR 1

In 3

IR 2

In 4

IR 1

IR2

Output 1

Figure 7.31: Diagram for Problems 4, 5, and 6.

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202 Chapter 7
C. (i) F (ii) T
D. (i) F (ii) F
6. Decide whether each of these statements is true (T) or false (F). For the ladder diagram
shown in Figure 7.31, there is an output from Output 1 when:
(i) There are inputs to only In 1, In 2, and In 4.
(ii) There are inputs to only In 3 and In 4.
A. (i) T (ii) T
B. (i) T (ii) F
C. (i) F (ii) T
D. (i) F (ii) F
7. Which one of the programs in Figure 7.32 can obtain an output from Out 1 when just
input In 1 occurs?
8. Which one of the programs in Figure 7.33 will give an output from Out 1 in the same
program scan as there is an input to In 1?
Problems 9 and 10 refer to Figure 7.34, which shows a ladder diagram involving a batterybacked relay IR 1, two inputs (In 1 and In 2), and an output (Output 1).
9. Decide whether each of these statements is true (T) or false (F). For the ladder diagram
shown in Figure 7.34, there is an output from Output 1 when:
(i) There is a short duration input to In 1.
(ii) There is no input to In 2.
A. (i) T (ii) T
B. (i) T (ii) F
In 1

In 2

IR 1

In 1

In 2

In2

IR 1

Output 1

In2

IR 1 Output 1

In 1

In 2

In2

IR 1 Output 1

B
In 1

In 2

In2

IR 1 Output 1

IR 1

Figure 7.32: Diagram for Problem 7.

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IR 1

IR 1

Internal Relays 203

IR 1

Out 1

In 1

IR 1

In 1

IR 1

IR 1

Out 1

END

END

B
In 1

IR 1

Out 1

IR 1

IR 1

IR 1

In 1

In 1

END

IR 1

Out 1

END

Figure 7.33: Diagram for Problem 8.

In 1

In 2

IR 1
Battery-backed

IR 1

IR 1

Output 1

Figure 7.34: Diagram for Problems 9 and 10.

C. (i) F (ii) T
D. (i) F (ii) F
10. Decide whether each of these statements is true (T) or false (F). For the ladder diagram
shown in Figure 7.34:
(i) The input In 1 is latched by the internal relay so that the internal relay IR 1 remains
energized, even when the input In 1 ceases.
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204 Chapter 7
(ii) Because the internal relay IR 1 is battery-backed, once there is an output from
Output 1, it will continue, even when the power is switched off, until there is an
input to In 2.
A. (i) T (ii) T
B. (i) T (ii) F
C. (i) F (ii) T
D. (i) F (ii) F
11. When the program instructions LD X100, PLS M400 are used for a ladder rung, the
internal relay M400 will:
A. Remain on even when the input to X100 ceases
B. Remain closed unless there is a pulse input to X100
C. Remain on for one program cycle when there is an input to X100
D. Remain closed for one program cycle after an input to X100
12. When the program instructions LDI X100, PLS M400 are used for a ladder rung, the
internal relay M400 will:
A. Remain on when the input to X100 ceases
B. Remain on when there is a pulse input to X100
C. Remain on for one program cycle when there is an input to X100
D. Remain on for one program cycle after the input to X100 ceases
13. A Mitsubishi ladder program has the program instructions LD X100, S M200, LD X101,
R M200, followed by other instructions for further rungs. There is the following
sequence: an input to the input X100, the input to X100 ceases, some time elapses, an
input to the input X101, the input to X101 ceases, followed by inputs to later rungs.
The internal relay M200 will remain on:
A. For one program cycle from the start of the input to X100
B. From the start of the input to X100 to the start of the input to X101
C. From the start of the input to X100 to the end of the input to X101
D. From the end of the input to X100 to the end of the input to X101
14. A Siemens ladder program has the program instructions A I0.0, S F0.0, A I0.1, R F0.0,
A F0.0, Q2.0, followed by other instructions for further rungs. There is the sequence:
an input to input I0.0, the input to I0.0 ceases, some time elapses, an input to input I0.1,
the input to I0.1 ceases, followed by inputs to later rungs. The internal relay F0.0 will
remain on:
A. For one program cycle from the start of the input to I0.0
B. From the start of the input to I0.0 to the start of the input to I0.1
C. From the start of the input to I0.0 to the end of the input to I0.1
D. From the end of the input to I0.0 to the end of the input to I0.1

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Internal Relays 205

15. A Telemecanique ladder program has the program instructions L I0,0, S O0,0, L I0,1,
R O0,0, followed by other instructions for further rungs. There is the following
sequence: an input to input I0,0, the input to I0,0 ceases, some time elapses, an input to
input I0,1, the input to I0,1 ceases, followed by inputs to later rungs. The internal relay
O0,0 will remain on:
A. For one program cycle from the start of the input to I0,0
B. From the start of the input to I0,0 to the start of the input to I0,1
C. From the start of the input to I0,0 to the end of the input to I0,1
D. From the end of the input to I0,0 to the end of the input to I0,1
16. An output is required from output Y430 that lasts for one cycle after an input to X100
starts. This can be given by a ladder program with the instructions:
A. LD X100, Y430
B. LD X100, M100, LD M100, Y430
C. LD X100, PLS M100, LD M100, Y430
D. LD X400, PLS M100, LDI M100, Y430
Problems 17 and 18 refer to Figure 7.35, which shows two versions of the same ladder
diagram according to two different PLC manufacturers. In Figure 7.35a, which uses Siemens
notation, I is used for inputs, F for internal relays, and Q for the output. In Figure 7.35b,
which uses Telemecanique notation, I is used for inputs and B for internal relays.
17. For the ladder diagram shown in Figure 7.35a, when there is an input to I0.0, the output
Q2.0:
A. Comes on and remains on for one cycle.
B. Comes on and remains on.
C. Goes off and remains off for one cycle.
D. Goes off and remains off.
I0.0

F0.1

F0.0

F0.1

F0.0

I0,0

B1

B0

I0,0

(a)

B1
S

Q2.0

I0.0

B0

B1
R

(b)

Figure 7.35: Diagram for Problems 17 and 18.

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206 Chapter 7
18. For the ladder diagram shown in Figure 7.35b, when there is an input to I0,0, the internal
relay B1:
A. Comes on and remains on for one cycle.
B. Comes on and remains on.
C. Goes off and remains off for one cycle.
D. Goes off and remains off.
Problems 19 and 20 refer to Figure 7.36, which shows a Toshiba ladder program with inputs
X000, X001, and X002, an output Y020, and a flip-flop R110.
19. Decide whether each of these statements is true (T) or false (F). For there to be an output
from Y020, there must be an input to:
(i) X000.
(ii) X001.
A. (i) T (ii) T
B. (i) T (ii) F
C. (i) F (ii) T
D. (i) F (ii) F
20. Decide whether each of these statements is true (T) or false (F). With an input to X000,
then:
(i) An input to X001 causes the output to come on.
(ii) An input to X002 causes the output to come on.
A. (i) T (ii) T
B. (i) T (ii) F
C. (i) F (ii) T
D. (i) F (ii) F
21. Decide whether each of these statements is true (T) or false (F). A master control relay
can be used to:
(i) Turn on a section of a program when certain criteria are met.
(ii) Turn off a section of a program when certain criteria are not met.

X000

X001

Y020
S

X002

FF
R110
R

Figure 7.36: Diagram for Problems 19 and 20.

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Internal Relays 207

I:010/01
MCR
I:010/02

O:010/00

I:010/03

O:010/01

MCR
I:010/04

O:010/02

Figure 7.37: Diagram for Problems 22 and 23.

A.
B.
C.
D.

(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)

T (ii) T
T (ii) F
F (ii) T
F (ii) F

Problems 22 and 23 refer to Figure 7.37, which shows a ladder program in Allen-Bradley
format.
22. Decide whether each of these statements is true (T) or false (F). When there is an input to
I:010/01:
(i) An input to I:010/02 gives an output from O:010/00.
(ii) An input to I:010/03 gives an output from O:010/01.
A. (i) T (ii) T
B. (i) T (ii) F
C. (i) F (ii) T
D. (i) F (ii) F
23. Decide whether each of these statements is true (T) or false (F). When there is no input to
I:010/01:
(i) An input to I:010/02 gives no output from O:010/00.
(ii) An input to I:010/04 gives no output from O:010/02.
A. (i) T (ii) T
B. (i) T (ii) F

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208 Chapter 7
C. (i) F (ii) T
D. (i) F (ii) F
24. Devise ladder programs that can be used to:
(a) Maintain an output on, even when the input ceases and when there is a power failure
(b) Switch on an output for a time of one cycle following a brief input
(c) Switch on the power to a set of rungs

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