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    ﺍﻟﺟﻳﻭﻟﻭﺟﻳـﺎ ﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻳـﺔ

    Uploaded by

    abbas_faleh
    This document discusses groundwater (freshwater located underground). It defines groundwater and notes it represents about 14% of the world's freshwater. The upper boundary of groundwater is called the water table. Groundwater is the second largest source of freshwater after glaciers and ice caps. It is important not only for drinking water but also for plants, animals, agriculture and industry. Excessive pumping of groundwater can lower water levels in rivers and cause salinization and land subsidence. Groundwater also plays an important role in erosion by dissolving rocks and forming sinkholes and caves.

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    ﺍﻟﺟﻳﻭﻟﻭﺟﻳـﺎ ﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻳـﺔ

    Uploaded by

    abbas_faleh
    465 views8 pages
    This document discusses groundwater (freshwater located underground). It defines groundwater and notes it represents about 14% of the world's freshwater. The upper boundary of groundwater is called the water table. Groundwater is the second largest source of freshwater after glaciers and ice caps. It is important not only for drinking water but also for plants, animals, agriculture and industry. Excessive pumping of groundwater can lower water levels in rivers and cause salinization and land subsidence. Groundwater also plays an important role in erosion by dissolving rocks and forming sinkholes and caves.

    Original Description:

    Economic Geology

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    This document discusses groundwater (freshwater located underground). It defines groundwater and notes it represents about 14% of the world's freshwater. The upper boundary of groundwater is called the water table. Groundwater is the second largest source of freshwater after glaciers and ice caps. It is important not only for drinking water but also for plants, animals, agriculture and industry. Excessive pumping of groundwater can lower water levels in rivers and cause salinization and land subsidence. Groundwater also plays an important role in erosion by dissolving rocks and forming sinkholes and caves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    465 views8 pages

    ﺍﻟﺟﻳﻭﻟﻭﺟﻳـﺎ ﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻳـﺔ

    Uploaded by

    abbas_faleh
    This document discusses groundwater (freshwater located underground). It defines groundwater and notes it represents about 14% of the world's freshwater. The upper boundary of groundwater is called the water table. Groundwater is the second largest source of freshwater after glaciers and ice caps. It is important not only for drinking water but also for plants, animals, agriculture and industry. Excessive pumping of groundwater can lower water levels in rivers and cause salinization and land subsidence. Groundwater also plays an important role in erosion by dissolving rocks and forming sinkholes and caves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    -


    Ground Water

    %14
    .

    ) .(Water Table
    .
    -:


    24000000
    4000000
    155000
    83000
    14000
    1200
    28253200

    %84.945
    %14.158
    %0.549
    %0.294
    %0.049
    %0.004
    %100.00

    km3

    -:

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    .1
    ) (Sink-holes ) .(Caves or Caverns
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    )( .
    .2 .


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    -:
    .1 . Zone of aeration
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    .2 . Capillary fringe


    ).(Capillary action
    .3 . Zone of saturation

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    )Effluent

    . (rivers
    .2 - .Arid to simiarid regions

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    . . Influent rivers



    .
    .
    .

    .
    -:
    .1 HCO3-2
    .2 CO-2
    .3 SO4-2
    .4 Cl-


    )-:(TDS
    ) (TDS ) (Total Dissolved Salts
    ) (PPM / 1/= .PPM 1000
    -:
    ) (1 :Fresh Water PPM 1000- .
    ) (2 -:Brackish Water
    .1 :Medium Brackish Water PPM 7000-1000
    (.
    .2 :High Brackish Water PPM 20000-7000 .
    ) (3 :Saline Water PPM 100000-20000 .
    ) (4 )( :Brine Water PPM 100000 .
    -:
    % 75-% 80
    % 25- % 20 ) (
    PPM 0.8 )(Cl2

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    ) (.
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    .1 .
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    . .
    -:
    .1 . Flowing Artesian Wells

    .
    .2 . Nonflowing Artesian Wells

    . .
    .

    )(1

    )(2


    ) (1 :

    .
    ) (2 .

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