Civics NCERT Solutions Class 9

Lesson 1 : Democracy in the Contemporary World

NCERT Solutions for Class 9th: Ch 1 Democracy in the Contemporary World Civics Social
Studies (S.St)
Page No: 3
1. Why did President Allende address himself mainly to workers? Why were the rich unhappy with him?
Answer
President Allende was a socialist and had taken many several policy decisions to help workers and poor.
Thus, he addressed himself mainly to workers.
The rich were unhappy with him due to reform of the educational system, free milk for children
and redistribution of land to the landless. He was opposed to foreign companies taking away
natural resources like copper from the country.
Page No: 4
1. Did the army have any legal right to arrest the defence minister of the country? Should the army have
the power to arrest any citizen?
Answer
No, the army didn't have any legal right to arrest the defence minister of the country It is totally against
the law. They also don't have the power to arrest any citizen. The main duty of army is to protect the
country from external threats.
Activity
1. Locate and shade Chile on the map. Which state in our country has a shape similar to Chile?
Answer

In our country, Kerala has a shape similar to Chile.

Page No: 6
1. Why was an independent trade union so important in Poland? Why are trade unions necessary?

Answer

Poland at that time had only one workers union controlled by the Polish United Workers Party. So there
was autocratic rule of this party. People could not form independent unions which voiced
their grievances. There was no freedom of speech.
Trade unions are necessary as they help in maintaining or improving the conditions of the
workers. They represent the workers views and demands to the management and fight for their rights.

Page No: 10

1. Looking at these maps, which period do you find most important in the expansion of democracy.
Why?

Answer

The period after 1975 till 2000 AD is the most important period in the expansion of democracy. In this
period, most of the countries in Africa became independent and supported democratic governments.
The USSR broke up and 15 independent states emerged in which most of them go with democracy.
Many colonised countries also gained independence and marches towards democracy.

Page No: 11

1. Why were women given voting rights much later than men in most countries? Why did this not
happen in India?

Answer

Many European countries became democratic by the beginning of the twentieth century but women
didn't have voting rights because they were being not considered equal. They thought women were not
capable of making decisions. They should stay at home, did household works and look after children.
Thus, they were given voting rights much later than men.
In India, constitutions makers didn't make any discrimination against women and granted Universal
Adult Franchise which gave voting rights to every c above the age of 18.

Page No: 13

1. What should be the policy of the government of India towards the military rulers of Myanmar?

Answer

The Government of India can support Suu Kyi in all international forums and demand her freedom
without interfering in the domestic affairs of the government of Myanmar. It must fight for her freedom
under Human Rights.

Page No: 14

1. Should there be a world government? If yes, who should elect it? And what powers should it have?

Answer

Yes, there should be a world government. It should have representatives of all the nations and every
nation should have equal status. Each nation should send its own representatives, elected by their
people. They should have powers to fight for Human Rights and Democracy.

Page No: 15

1. Should the permanent members of the UN give up the power to veto?

Answer

Yes, they should. The five veto powers should not be allowed to dictate terms to the rest of the world.
They generally used this for their own interest.

Exercise
1. Which of the following does not lead to the spread of democracy?
(a) Struggle by the people
(b) Invasion by foreign countries
(c) End of colonialism
(d) Peoples desire for freedom
(b) Invasion by foreign countries
2. Which of the following statements is true about todays world?
(a) Monarchy as a form of government has vanished .
(b) The relationship between different countries has become more democratic than ever

before.
(c) In more and more countries rulers are being elected by the people.
(d) There are no more military dictators in the world.
(c) In more and more countries rulers are being elected by the people.
Page No: 20
3. . Use one of the following statements to complete the sentence:
Democracy in the international organisations requires that
(a) The rich countries should have a greater say.
(b) Countries should have a say according to their military power.
(c) Countries should be treated with respect in proportion to their population.
(d) All countries in the world should be treated equally..
(d) All countries in the world should be treated equally..
4. Based on the information given in this chapter, match the following countries and the path
democracy has taken in that country.

Country

Path to Democracy

(a) Chile
(b) Nepal
(c) Poland
(d) Ghana

(i) Freedom from British colonial rule

(ii) End of military dictatorship
(iii) End of one party rule
(iv) King agreed to give up his powers

Answer

Country

Path to Democracy

(a) Chile

(ii) End of military dictatorship

(b) Nepal

(iv) King agreed to give up his powers

(c) Poland

(iii) End of one party rule

(d) Ghana

(i) Freedom from British colonial rule

5. What are the difficulties people face in a non-democratic country? Give answers drawing
from the examples given in this chapter.
Answer
The difficulties people face in a non-democratic country are:
No freedom to elect their rulers.
People can't form organisation or organise protest against the rulers.
No freedom of speech and expression.
Don't have any say in government policies
Civic rights are curtailed.
6. Which freedoms are usually taken away when a democracy is overthrown by the military?
Answer
The freedoms which are taken away when a democracy is overthrown by the military:
Freedom of electing their rulers.
Freedom of speech, expression and protest against any governmental policies.
People can't form political parties or organisations.
7. Which of the following positions can contribute to democracy at the global level? Give
reasons for your answer in each case.
a My country gives more money to international institutions. Therefore, I want to be treated
with more respect and exercise more power.
b My country may be small or poor. But my voice must be heard with equal respect,
because these decisions will affect my country.
c Wealthy nations will have a greater say in international affairs.They cannot let their
interests suffer just because they are out numbered by poor nations.
d Big countries like India must have a greater say in international organisations.
Answer
a. If any country gives more money to international institutions and its citizens want more
respect and more power, it would not contribute to democracy at the global level. Every
country and its citizens enjoy equal status whether it is a poor or a rich country. Equality is

the basic principle of democracy.

b. This position totally contributes to democracy at the global level as Democracy give equal
right to every person. The wealth and size of a country don't matter in a global democracy.
c. This position does not lead to democracy at the global level because there should be no
distinction made between the rich nations and the poor nations. All nations are equal in a
Democracy.
d. No, this position can't contribute to democracy because the sizes or the geographical
area of a country can't determine the status of a nation in global democracy.
8. Here are three opinions heard in a television debate on the struggle for democracy in
Nepal. Which of these do you agree with and why?
Guest 1: India is a democracy. Therefore, the Indian government must support the people
of Nepal who are struggling against monarchy and for democracy.
Guest 2: That is a dangerous argument. We would be in the same position as the US was in
Iraq. Remember, no outside force can promote democracy.
Guest 3: But why should we bother about the internal affairs of another country? We should
be worried about our business interests there, not about democracy.
Answer
We can't totally neglect our neighbours as what doing in their country as it must affect our
behaviour also. So in my opinion, Guest 1 is right in some way. We have to adopt some
measures that will support the people who are struggling against monarchy and for
democracy. Not by using armed forces but by some other cooperations which will not hurt
the sentiments of the people. This will also help India in maintaining a good relationship with
a democratic country rather than a monarchical rule.
Page No: 21
9. In an imaginary country called Happyland, the people overthrew the foreign ruler and
brought back the old royal family. They said: After all their ancestors were our kings before
foreigners started ruling us. It is good that we have one strong ruler, who can help us
become rich and powerful. When someone talked about democracy the wise men said it is
a foreign idea. Their struggle was to throw the foreigners and their ideas out of the country.
When someone demanded freedom for the media, the elders thought that too much
criticism of the ruler would not help them improve their living standards. After all, the king is
so kind and interested in the welfare of all the subjects. Why create problems for him. Dont
we all want to be happy?

After reading the above passage, Chaman, Champa and Chandru made the following
observations:
Chaman: Happyland is a democratic country because people were able to throw out the
foreign rulers and bring back the king.
Champa: Happyland is not a democratic country because people cannot criticise the ruler.
The king may be nice and may provide economic prosperity, but a king cannot give a
democratic rule.
Chandru: What people need is happiness. So they are willing to allow their new ruler to take
decisions for them. If people are happy it must be a democracy.
What is your opinion about each of these statements? What do you think about the form of
government in this country?
Answer
Chamans statement is incorrect because the overthrowing of a foreign power just amounts
to gaining sovereignty.
Champas statement is correct. A democracy is a rule of the people. The people should
have the right to question their ruler.
Chandrus statement is incorrect. Happiness of the people is only one factor of a
democracy. The people might be happy with the king, but he is not an elected
representative.

Lesson 2 : What is Democracy ? Why Democracy ?

NCERT Solutions for Class 9th: What is Democracy? Why Democracy? Civics Social Studies
(S.St)

Page No: 37
Excercises
1. Here is some information about four countries. Based on this information, how would you
classify each of these countries. Write democratic, undemocratic or not sure against
each of these.
(a) Country A: People who do not accept the countrys official religion do not have a right to
vote.
(b) Country B: The same party has been winning elections for the last twenty years.
(c) Country C: Ruling party has lost in the last three elections.
(d) Country D: There is no independent election commission.
Answer
(a) Undemocratic
(b) Not sure
(c) Democratic
(d) Undemocratic
2. Here is some information about four countries. Based on this information, how would you
classify each of these countries. Write democratic, undemocratic or not sure against
each of these.
(a) Country P: The parliament cannot pass a law about the army without the consent of the
Chief of Army.
(b) Country Q: The parliament cannot pass a law reducing the powers
of the judiciary.
(c) Country R: The countrys leaders cannot sign any treaty with another country without
taking permission from its neighbouring
country.
(d) Country S: All the major economic decisions about the country are taken by officials of
the central bank which the ministers cannot change.
Answer

(a) Undemocratic
(b) Democratic
(c) Undemocratic
(d) Undemocratic
3. Which of these is not a good argument in favour of democracy? Why?
(a) People feel free and equal in a democracy.
(b) Democracies resolve conflict in a better way than others.
(c) Democratic government is more accountable to the people.
(d) Democracies are more prosperous than others.
Answer
Option 'D' Democracies are more prosperous than others is not a good argument in favour
of democracy as there are many countries such as Sri Lanka, India which opted for
democracy but not proseperous where other countries such as China or Saudi Arbia which
have communist and monarchy rule respectively are more prosperous. The prosperity of
any country depends on the correct policies of government. It also depends on the
availibility of natural resources not with the form of government. Democracy can't gurantee
prosperity.
Page No: 38
4. Each of these statements contains a democratic and an undemocratic element. Write out
the two separately for each statement.
(a) A minister said that some laws have to be passed by the parliament in order to conform
to the regulations decided by the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
(b) The Election Commission ordered re-polling in a constituency where large-scale rigging
was reported.
(c) Womens representation in the parliament has barely reached 10 per cent. This led
womens organisations to demand one-third seats for women.
Answer
(a) A minister said that some laws have to be passed by the parliament - Democratic
element
to the regulations decided by the World Trade Organisation (WTO). - Undemocratic element
(b) The Election Commission ordered re-polling in a constituency - Democratic element
large-scale rigging was reported - Undemocratic element
(c) This led womens organisations to demand one-third seats for women. - Democratic

element
Womens representation in the parliament has barely reached 10 per cent. - Undemocratic
element
5. Which of these is not a valid reason for arguing that there is a lesser possibility of famine
in a democratic country?
(a) Opposition parties can draw attention to hunger and starvation.
(b) Free press can report suffering from famine in different parts of
the country.
(c) Government fears its defeat in the next elections.
(d) People are free to believe in and practise any religion.
Answer
Option d is not a valid reason for arguing that there is a lesser possibility of famine in a
democratic country. This is because practising a religion has nothing to do with preventing
famine.
6. There are 40 villages in a district where the government has made no provision for
drinking water. These villagers met and considered many methods of forcing the
government to respond to their need. Which of these is not a democratic method?
(a) Filing a case in the courts claiming that water is part of right to life.
(b) Boycotting the next elections to give a message to all parties.
(c) Organising public meetings against governments policies.
(d) Paying money to government officials to get water.
Answer
Option d, which advocates paying the government officials money, is an undemocratic
method.
7.Write a response to the following arguments against democracy.
(a) Army is the most disciplined and corruption-free organisation in the country. Therefore
army should rule the country.
(b) Rule of the majority means the rule of ignorant people. What we need is the rule of the
wise, even if they are in small numbers.
(c) If we want religious leaders to guide us in spiritual matters, why not invite them to guide
us in politics as well. The country should be ruled by religious leaders.
Answer
A democracy is the government elected by the people, from among the people themselves.

The Army is integral in protecting the country, but it is not elected by the people; hence, it
cannot form a democratic government. The second statement is not true as all people are
intelligent to some extent. The third statement is dangerous because bringing religion into
politics can cause serious conflict.
8. Are the following statements in keeping with democracy as a value? Why?
(a) Father to daughter: I dont want to hear your opinion about your marriage. In our family
children marry where the parents tell them to.
(b) Teacher to student: Dont disturb my concentration by asking me questions in the
classroom.
(c) Employee to the officer: Our working hours must be reduced according to the law.
Answer
(a) This statement of father is undemocratic as every adult has right to choose their life
partner. The father does not have right to impose their choice on daughter.
(b) This satement also is not under democratic setup. The student have right to ask
question. This is undemocratic if his right is denied.
(c) The third statement is democratic as it calls for a rule of law which is beneficial for the
employees.
9. Consider the following facts about a country and decide if you would call it a democracy.
Give reasons to support your decision.
(a) All the citizens of the country have right to vote Elections are held regularly.
(b) The country took loan from international agencies. One of the conditions for given loan
was that the government would reduce its expenses on education and health.
(c) People speak more than seven languages but education is available only in one
language, the language spoken by 52 percent people of the country.
(d) Several organisations have given a call for peaceful demonstrations and nation wide
strikes in the country to oppose these policies. Government has arrested these leaders.
(e) The government owns the radio and television in the country. All the newspapers have
to get permission from the government to publish any news about governments policies
and protests.
Answer
(a) This is democracy as only democratic setup allow right to vote and also election at
regular time period.
(b) A democratic country has to look after the welfare of its people. The condition of

reducing of expenses on health and education is against the welfare of the people.
(c) In democracy, education is avialable in all languages as it basic right. Official language
can be the the language of majority of people.
(d) In a democracy people have right to express their opinion in peaceful manner. It is
undemocratic behaviour.
(e) This is undemocratic nature as in democracy freedom of press and media is must. If
government own radio and television then freedom of press violated.

Lesson 3 : Constitutional Design

NCERT Solutions for Class 9th: Ch 3 Constitutional Design Civics Social Studies (S.St)

Page No: 53
Excercises
1. Here are some false statements. Identify the mistake in each case and rewrite these
correctly based on what you have read in this chapter.
(a) Leaders of the freedom movement had an open mind about whether the country should
be democratic or not after independence.
(b) Members of the Constituent Assembly of India held the same views on all provisions of
the Constitution.
(c) A country that has a constitution must be a democracy.
(d) Constitution cannot be amended because it is the supreme law of a country.
Answer
(a) Leaders of the freedom movement had a consensus that the country should be a
democratic nation after independence.
(b) Members of the Constituent Assembly of India held the same views on the basic
principles of the constitution.
(c) A country that is a democracy must have a constitution.
(d) Constitution can be amended to keep up with the changes in aspirations of the society.

2. Which of these was the most salient underlying conflict in the making of a democratic
constitution in South Africa?
(a) Between South Africa and its neighbours
(b) Between men and women
(c) Between the white majority and the black minority
(d) Between the coloured minority and the black majority
(d) Between the coloured minority and the black majority

3. Which of these is a provision that a democratic constitution does not have?

(a) Powers of the head of the state
(b) Name of the head of the state

(c) Powers of the legislature

(d) Name of the country
(b) Name of the head of the state
4. Match the following leaders with their roles in the making of the Constitution:

(a) Motilal Nehru

(b) .R. Ambedkar
(c) Rajendra Prasad
(d) Sarojini Naidu

(i) President of the Constituent Assembly

(ii) Member of the Constituent Assembly
(iii) Chairman of the Drafting Committee
(iv) Prepared a Constitution for India in 1928

Answer
(a) Motilal Nehru

(iv) Prepared a Constitution for India in 1928

(b) B.R. Ambedkar

(iii) Chairman of the Drafting Committee

(c) Rajendra Prasad

(i) President of the Constituent Assembly

(d) Sarojini Naidu

(ii) Member of the Constituent Assembly

5. Read again the extracts from Nehrus speech Tryst with Destiny and answer the
following:
(a) Why did Nehru use the expression not wholly or in full measure in the first sentence?
(b) What pledge did he want the makers of the Indian Constitution to take?(c) The ambition
of the greatest man of our generation has been to wipe every tear from every eye. Who
was he referring to?
Answer
(a) Nehru used the expression not wholly or in full measure because according to him the
task of building a nation is a gargantuan task which cannot be fulfilled in ones lifetime.
(b) The pledge that he wanted the makers of the Indian Constitution to take was to dedicate
their lives to the service of India, the Indian people and the humanity at large.

(c) He was referring to Mahatma Gandhi.

6. Here are some of the guiding values of the Constitution and their meaning. Rewrite them
by matching them correctly.

(a) Sovereign
(b) Republic
(c) Fraternity
(d) Secular

(i) Government will not favour any religion.

(ii) People have the supreme right to make decisions.
(iii) Head of the state is an elected person.
(iv) People should live like brothers and sisters.

Answer

(a) Sovereign
(b) Republic
(c) Fraternity
(d) Secular

(ii) People have the supreme right to make decisions.

(iii) Head of the state is an elected person.
(iv) People should live like brothers and sisters.
(i) Government will not favour any religion.

Page No: 54
7. A friend from Nepal has written you a letter describing the political exercises situation
there. Many political parties are opposing the rule of the king. Some of them say that the
existing constitution given by the monarch can be amended to allow more powers to elected
representatives. Others are demanding a new Constituent Assembly to write a republican
constitution. Reply to your friend giving your opinions on the subject.
Answer
In my opinion second option is best. Making small amendments does not shift whole power
in hands of representatives. This does not make total responsibilty on elected
representatives what will happen in next years. So, a new and well drafted constitution is
right choice.
8. Here are different opinions about what made India a democracy. How much importance
would you give to each of these factors?
(a) Democracy in India is a gift of the British rulers. We received training to work with
representative legislative institutions under the British rule.

(b) Freedom Struggle challenged the colonial exploitation and denial of different freedoms
to Indians. Free India could not be anything but democratic.
(c) We were lucky to have leaders who had democratic convictions. The denial of
democracy in several other newly independent countries shows the important role of these
leaders.
Answer
(a) Democracy in India is a gift of the British rulers. We received training to work with
representative legislative institutions under the British rule.
(b) Freedom struggle was important in spreading the idea of nationalism in India and
inculcating the practice of making decisions by consensus.
(c) The leaders had the desire to give freedoms to the people. Indias freedom struggle is
the only example of a bloodless freedom struggle in the contemporary history. This could be
possible because our nationalist leaders had the maturity to listen to others views.
9. Read the following extract from a conduct book for married women, published in 1912.
God has made the female species delicate and fragile both physically and emotionally,
pitiably incapable of self-defence. They are destined thus by God to remain in male
protection of father, husband and son all their lives. Women should, therefore, not
despair, but feel obliged that they can dedicate themselves to the service of men. Do you
think the values expressed in this para reflected the values underlying our constitution? Or
does this go against the constitutional values?
Answer
the values expressed in this para is totally contradictory to the values underlying our
constitution. Here, women are treated as weak while in our constitution men and women
bothare treated equal. The governmental policies also favour women to bring them in
mainstream.
10. Read the following statements about a constitution. Give reasons why each of these is
true or not true.
(a) The authority of the rules of the constitution is the same as that of any other law.
(b) Constitution lays down how different organs of the government will be formed.
(c) Rights of citizens and limits on the power of the government are laid down in the
constitution.
(d) A constitution is about institutions, not about values.
Answer

(a) Not True

Constitution is the supreme law. It describes how government elects and their powers,
rights of citizens and their protection. This is totally different than any other law.

(b) True
Constitution defines the role of the legislature, the executive and the judiciary and how they
should be formed and by whom.
(c) True
Constitutional setup limits the power of government through dfferent institutions and also
talks about the right of citizens.
(d) Not True
The Constitution contains all the values which the institutions have to promote. The
Preamble to the Constitution is a shining example of this and states clearly that justice,
liberty, equality and fraternity have to be promoted. Secularism has to be followed and
socialism and democracy should be the basis of the government.

Lesson 4 : Electoral Politics

NCERT Solutions for Class 9th: Ch 4 Electoral Politics Civics Social Studies (S.St)

Page No: 74
Excercises
1. Which of the following statements about the reasons for conducting elections are false?
(a) Elections enable people to judge the performance of the government.
(b) People select the representative of their choice in an election.
(c) Elections enable people to evaluate the performance of the judiciary.
(d) People can indicate which policies they prefer.
(c) Elections enable people to evaluate the performance of the judiciary.
2. Which of these is not a good reason to say that Indian elections aredemocratic?
(a) India has the largest number of voters in the world.
(b) Indias Election Commission is very powerful.
(c) In India, everyone above the age of 18 has a right to vote.
(d) In India, the losing parties accept the electoral verdict.
(a) India has the largest number of voters in the world.
3. Match the following:

(a) It is necessary to keep the voters' list up to

date because

(i) there is a fair representation of all sections of our

society

(b) Some constituencies are reserved for SCs

and STs so that

(ii) everyone has equal opportunity to elect their

representatives

(c) Everyone has one and only one vote so that

(iii) all candidates must have a fair chance of

competing in elections

(d) Party in power is not allowed to use

government vehicles because

(iv) some people may have moved away from the

area where they voted last

Answer
(a) It is necessary to keep the voters' list up to
date because

(iv) some people may have moved away from the

area where they voted last

(b) Some constituencies are reserved for SCs

and STs so that

(i) there is a fair representation of all sections of our

society

(c) Everyone has one and only one vote so that

(ii) everyone has equal opportunity to elect their

representatives

(d) Party in power is not allowed to use

government vehicles because

(iii) all candidates must have a fair chance of

competing in elections

Page No: 75
4. List all the different election related activities mentioned in the chapter and arrange them
in a time sequence, beginning with the first activity and ending with the last. Some of these
activities are given below: releasing election manifestos; counting of votes; making of
voters list; election campaign; declaration of election results; casting of votes; ordering of
re-poll; announcing election schedule; filing nomination.
Answer
Making of voters list Announcing election schedule Releasing election manifesto
Election campaign Filing nomination Casting of votes Ordering of re-poll
Counting of votes Declaration of election results.
5. Surekha is an officer in-charge of ensuring free and fair elections in an assembly
constituency in a state. Describe what should she focus on for each of the following stages
of election:
(a) Election campaign
(b) Polling day
(c) Counting day
Answer

(a) She will have to focus on various duties such as ensure that candidates cannot bribe or
threaten voters, expenditure limit is not crossed by a candidate, candidates not appeal to
vote in the name of religion or caste, they not use worship place for campaign or use any
government resources.
(b) She will have to crosscheck the voters list and check ID proof of the voters, booth
capturing not tak place. Ensure that Free and fair election should be conducted.
(c) She have to look on counting is carried out, represntatives of all parties present at
counting area in order to avoid malpractices,
6. The table below gives the proportion of different communities among the candidates who
won elections to the US Congress. Compare these to the proportion of these communities
in the population of the US.Based on this, would you suggest a system of reservations in
the US Congress? If yes, why and for which communities? If no, why not?

Proportion of the community (in per cent) in the

House of Representatives

Population of US

Blacks

13

Hispanics

13

Whites

86

70

Answer
Blacks and Hispanics should be given reservation in the US Congress as per their
percentage in the US population.
7. Can we draw the following conclusions from the information given in this chapter? Give
two facts to support your position for each of these.
(a) Election Commission of India does not have enough powers to conduct free and fair
elections in the country.
(b) There is a high level of popular participation in the elections in our country.
(c) It is very easy for the party in power to win an election.
(d) Many reforms are needed to make our elections completely free and fair.

Answer
(a) The Election Commission of India is powerful enough to conduct free and fair
elections: It implements the code of conduct and punishes any candidate or party that
violates it.
In Elections, Government officials work under the EC and not the government.
(b) There is a high level of popular participation in the elections:
Voter turnout has increased over the past years.
Election-related activities in the last few years have seen a larger participation by the
people.
(c) It is not very easy for the party in power to win an election:
The ruling parties routinely lose elections.
Candidates who are known to spend a lot of money often lose elections.
(d) Certain Reforms are necessary to make our elections completely free and fair:
To ensure that indepents and small parties not suffer in elections.
To ensure candidates with criminal records not participate.
8. Chinappa was convicted for torturing his wife for dowry. Satbir was held guilty of
practicing untouchability. The court did not allow either of them to contest elections. Does
this decision go against the principles of democratic elections?
Answer
This decision does not go against the principles of democratic elections. Any person who is
convicted for a crime has not right to remain a part of the society and hence has no right to
contest the election.

9. Here are some reports of electoral malpractices from different parts of the world. Is there
anything that these countries can learn from India to improve their elections? What would
you suggest in each case?
(a) During an election in Nigeria, the officer in charge of counting votes deliberately
increased the votes of one candidate and declared him elected. The court later found out
that more than five lakh exercises votes cast for one candidate were counted in favour of
another.
(b) Just before elections in Fiji, a pamphlet was distributed warning voters that a vote for
former Prime Minister, Mahendra Chaudhry will lead to bloodshed. This was a threat to
voters of Indian origin.
(c) In the US, each state has its own method of voting, its own procedure of counting and its
own authority for conducting elections. Authorities in the state of Florida took many

controversial decisions that favoured Mr. Bush in the presidential elections in 2000. But no
one could change those decisions.

Answer

(a) In this case, representatives of each candidate should be present to make sure that
the votes are counted in a fair way.
(b) The election commission should set up an enquiry into the case and debar the
candidate or party involved in distributing such pamphlets.
(c) There should be a single election commission which should be free from political
influence and should be responsible for conducting elections throughout the country.
Page No: 76
10. Here are some reports of malpractices in Indian elections. Identify what the
problem in each case is. What should be done to correct the situation?
(a) Following the announcement of elections, the minister promised to provide
financial aid to reopen the closed sugar mill.
(b) Opposition parties alleged that their statements and campaign was not given due
attention in Doordarshan and All India Radio.
(c) An inquiry by the Election Commission showed that electoral rolls of a state
contain name of 20 lakh fake voters.
(d) The hoodlums of a political party were moving with guns, physically preventing
supporters of other political parties to meet the voters and attacking meetings of
other parties.
Answer
(a) After announcement of election, it is not legal to announce policy decisions
according to Code of Conduct. The minister should be immediately taken to task by
the Election Commission.
(b) The election commission must enusre that all politcal party are given equal
oppurtunity to appear on Doordarshan and All India Radio. EC take action against
misuse of this media.
(c) The presence of the fake voters means that the elections were rigged by the

authorities who prepared the electoral rolls. The election commission should
supervise preparation of fresh electoral rolls.
(d) By using hoodlums, the political party is terrorising its rivals. The election
commission should order the arrest of the hoodlums and bar the party from the
elections.
11. Ramesh was not in class when this chapter was being taught. He came the next
day and repeated what he had heard from his father. Can you tell Ramesh what is
wrong with these statements?
(a) Women always vote the way men tell them to. So what is the point of giving them
the right to vote?
(b) Party politics creates tension in society. Elections should be decided by
consensus not by competition.
(c) Only graduates should be allowed to stand as candidates for elections.
Answer
(a) The statement is wrong because the policy of secret ballot ensures that an
individual can vote for whoever he/she wants. Women are fully capable of taking
decisions on their own and selecting the candidate they like.
(b) Competition works as both deterrent and motivator for the political candidates. A
fear of losing the election and a motivation for winning the elections works in favour
of people.
(c) Educational qualification is not required to understand the peoples needs, and to
represent their interests. Therefore, it is not necessary for politicians to be
graduates.

Lesson 5 : Working of Institutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 9th: Ch 5 Working of Institutions Civics Social Studies (S.St)

Page No: 93
Excercises
1. If you are elected as the President of India which of the following decision can you take
on your own?
(a) Select the person you like as Prime Minister.
(b) Dismiss a Prime Minister who has a majority in Lok Sabha.
(c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the Houses.
(d) Nominate the leaders of your choice to the Council of Ministers.
(c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the houses.
2. Who among the following is a part of the political executive?
(a) District Collector
(b) Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs
(c) Home Minister
(d) Director General of Police
(c) Home Minister
3. Which of the following statements about the judiciary is false?
(a) Every law passed by the Parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court.
(b) Judiciary can strike down a law if it goes against the spirit of the Constitution.
(c) Judiciary is independent of the Executive.
(d) Any citizen can approach the courts if her rights are violated
(a) Every law passed by the Parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court.
Page No: 94
4. Which of the following institutions can make changes to an existing law of the country?
(a) The Supreme Court
(b) The President
(c) The Prime Minister
(d) The Parliament
(d) The Parliament

5. Match the ministry with the news that the ministry may have released:
(a) A new policy is being made to increase the
jute exports from the country.

(i) Ministry of Defence

(b) Telephone services will be made more

accessible to rural areas.

(ii) Ministry of Agriculture, Food and

Public Distribution

(c) The price of rice and wheat sold under the

Public Distribution System will go down.

(iii) Ministry of Health

(d) A pulse polio campaign will be launched.

(iv) Ministry of Commerce and Industry

(e) The allowances of the soldiers posted on high

altitudes will be increased.

(v) Ministry of Communications and

Information Technology.

Answer

(a) A new policy is being made to increase the

jute exports from the country.

(iv) Ministry of Commerce and Industry

(b) Telephone services will be made more

accessible to rural areas.

(v) Ministry of Communications and

Information Technology

(c) The price of rice and wheat sold under the

public distribution system will go down.

(ii) Ministry of Agriculture, Food and

Public Distribution

(d) A pulse polio campaign will be launched

(iii) Ministry of Health

(e) The allowances of soldiers posted on high

altitudes will be increased

(i) Ministry of Defence

6. Of all the institutions that we have studied in this chapter, name the one that exercises
the powers on each of the following matters.

(a) Decision on allocation of money for developing infrastructure like roads, irrigation etc.
and different welfare activities for the citizens.
(b) Considers the recommendation of a Committee on a law to regulate the stock exchange.
(c) Decides on a legal dispute between two state governments.
(d) Implements the decision to provide relief for the victims of an earthquake.
Answer
(a) Lok Sabha (The Finance Ministry)
(b) The Parliament
(c) The Supreme Court
(d) The Executive
7. Why is the Prime Minister in India not directly elected by the people?
Choose the most appropriate answer and give reasons for your choice.
(a) In a Parliamentary democracy only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can
become the Prime Minister.
(b) Lok Sabha can remove the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers even before the
expiry of their term.
(c) Since the Prime Minister is appointed by the President there is no need for it.
(d) Direct election of the Prime Minister will involve lot of expenditure on election.
Answer
In a Parliamentary democracy only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can
become the Prime Minister. This is to ensure that the Prime Minister secures a majority
support. This prevents him/her from being either a puppet or a dictator since he/she has to
function along with a council of ministers.
8. Three friends went to watch a film that showed the hero becoming Chief Minister for a
day and making big changes in the state. Imran said this is what the country needs. Rizwan
said this kind of a personal rule without institutions is dangerous. Shankar said all this is a
fantasy. No minister can do anything in one day. What would be your reaction to such a
film?
Answer
This film is unrealstic. A single man can't don anything alone. He have to follow procedures
and guides written in constitution. A personal rule without institutions is dangerous.
Page No: 95

9. A teacher was making preparations for a mock parliament. She called two students to act
as leaders of two political parties. She gave them an option: Each one could choose to have
a majority either in the mock Lok Sabha or in the mock Rajya Sabha. If this choice was
given to you, which one would you choose and why?
Answer
I would choose to have a majority in the Lok Sabha as it is more powerful than the Rajya
Sabha. Lok Sabha members are directly elected by the people. The leader of political party
which is in majority in Lok Sabha will be appointed as prime minister which is most powerful
person in the country.

10. After reading the example of the reservation order, three students had different
reactions about the role of the judiciary. Which view, according to you, is a correct reading
of the role of judiciary?
(a) Srinivas argues that since the Supreme Court agreed with the government, it is not
independent.
(b) Anjaiah says that judiciary is independent because it could have given a verdict against
the government order. The Supreme Court did direct the government to modify it.
(c) Vijaya thinks that the judiciary is neither independent nor conformist, but acts as a
mediator between opposing parties. The court struck a good balance between those who
supported and those who opposed the order.
Answer
The view that Anjaiah had is corect according to my view.

Lesson 6 : Democratic Rights

NCERT Solutions for Class 9th: Ch 6 Democratic Rights Civics Social Studies (S.St)

Page No: 111

Excercises
1. Which of the following is not an instance of an exercise of a fundamental right?
(a) Workers from Bihar go to the Punjab to work on the farms
(b) Christian missions set up a chain of missionary schools
(c) Men and women government employees get the same salary
(d) Parents property is inherited by their children
(d) Parents property is inherited by their children
2. Which of the following freedoms is not available to an Indian citizen?
(a) Freedom to criticise the government
(b) Freedom to participate in armed revolution
(c) Freedom to start a movement to change the government
(d) Freedom to oppose the central values of the Constitution
Answer
(b) Freedom to participate in armed revolution
(c) Freedom to start a movement to change the government
(d) Freedom to oppose the central values of the Constitution
3. Which of the following rights is available under the Indian Constitution?
(a) Right to work
(b) Right to adequate livelihood
(c) Right to protect ones culture
(d) Right to privacy
(c) Right to protect ones culture
4. Name the Fundamental Right under which each of the following rights falls:
(a) Freedom to propagate ones religion
(b) Right to life
(c) Abolition of untouchability
(d) Ban on bonded labour
Answer

(a) Right to freedom of religion

(b) Right to freedom
(c) Right to equality
(d) Right against exploitation
5. Which of these statements about the relationship between democracy and rights is more
valid? Give reasons for your preference.
(a) Every country that is a democracy gives rights to its citizens.
(b) Every country that gives rights to its citizens is a democracy.
(c) Giving rights is good, but it is not necessary for a democracy.
Answer
(a) Every country that is a democracy gives rights to its citizens. Every country which
provides rights to its citizens might not be a democracy but it is essential for a democracy to
provide rights to its citizens.
6. Are these restrictions on the right to freedom justified? Give reasons for your answer.
(a) Indian citizens need permission to visit some border areas of the country for reasons of
security.
(b) Outsiders are not allowed to buy property in some areas to protect the interest of the
local population.
(c) The government bans the publication of a book that can go against the ruling party in the
next elections.
Answer
(a) This is justified. Right to freedom is for all the citizens which grants to move freely
anywhere in the country but due to security reasons some areas are restricted as the
freedom of movement by every citizen can prove dangerous for the security of India.
(b) In certain cases this can be justified to maintain the cultural or ethnic identity of local
population.
(c) This restriction can't be justified as it violates the freedom of speech and expression
right.
7. Manoj went to a college to apply for admission into an MBA course. The clerk refused to
take his application and said You, the son of a sweeper, wish to be a manager! Has anyone
done this job in your community? Go to the municipality office and apply for a sweepers
position. Which of Manojs fundamental rights are being violated in this instance? Spell

these out in a letter from Manoj to the district collector.

Answer
Right to equality is violated here as according to this every citizen of India before the law
whether he is from upper or lower caste or rich or poor. Right of freedom is also violated as
it grants personal liberty. He or She can carry any profession or business.
Page No: 112
8. When Madhurima went to the property registration office, the Registrar told her. "You
cant write your name as Madhurima Banerjee d/o A. K. Banerjee. You are married, so you
must give your husbands name. Your husbands surname is Rao. So your name should be
changed to Madhurima Rao." She did not agree. She said "If my husbands name has not
changed after marriage, why should mine?" In your opinion who is right in this dispute? And
why?
Answer
In this dispute, Madhurima is right. The Registrar, by questioning and interfering in her
personal affairs, is violating her right to freedom. Also, the social question of adopting the
husbands surname has roots in a religious practice which treats women as weaker and
inferior. In lieu of this, forcing Madhurima to change her name is an infringement on her
right to equality and right to freedom of religion.