SQL Interview Questions and Answers - Software Testing

10/20/2016
SQLInterviewQuestionsandAnswers~SoftwareTesting
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Q.WhatisSQL?
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SoftwareTestingJobsin
Hyderabad
StructuredQueryLanguage,anANSI(AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute)
standardlanguageforaccessingdatabases.
UsingSQLwecanAccessOracle,Sybase,DB2,SQLServer,MySQL,DB/400
andotherDatabaseManagementSystems
Q.WhenSQLwasappeared?
StructuredQueryLanguagewasfirstappearedbyIBMin1974anditisFree
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JavaforSelenium
SeleniumWebDriver
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Software(anybodycanusewithfreeofcost).
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VBScriptforUFT/QTP
SQLTutorials
DatabaseDevelopers
DatabaseTesters
DomainKnowledgefor
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Q.WhataretheUsagesofSQL?
Creatingnewdatabases
Creatingnewtablesinadatabase
SoftwareTesting
Resumes
TestingLiveProject
BankingSoftware
Projects
Insertingrecordsinadatabase
Updatingrecordsinadatabase
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Deletingrecordsfromadatabase
Retrievingdatafromadatabase
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Executingqueriesagainstadatabase
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Creatingstoredproceduresinadatabase
SoftwareTestLifeCycle
Creatingviewsinadatabase
Settingpermissionsontables,procedures,andviews
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Etc
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Q.WhatisSQLProcess?
ManualTesting
SoftwareTestingBasics
WhenweareexecutinganSQLcommandforanyRDBMS,thesystem
SQLInterviewQuestions
andAnswers
determinesthebestwaytocarryoutourrequestandSQLenginefiguresout
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howtointerpretthetask.
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Therearevariouscomponentsincludedintheprocess.Thesecomponentsare
SoftwareTestingFAQ
engineetc.ClassicqueryenginehandlesallnonSQLqueriesbutSQLquery
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SoftwareQAFAQ
WebTestingFAQ
UFT/QTPFAQ
QueryDispatcher,Optimizationengines,ClassicQueryEngineandSQLquery
enginewon'thandlelogicalfiles.
Q.IsSQLsupportsProgramming?
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ManualTestingInterview
Questions2
No,SQLdoesnthaveConditionalandLoopstatements,usingSQLCommands
wecanaccessdatabases.
Q.WhatarethesubsetsofSQL?
http://www.gcreddy.com/2013/01/sqlinterviewquestions.html
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DataManipulationLanguage
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DataDefinitionLanguage
DataControlLanguage
Q.WhatisDataManipulationLanguage?
DMLisalanguagewhichenablesuserstoaccessandmanipulatedata.
DataManipulationLanguageisusedtoPerformbelowOperations:
Insertionofdataintothedatabase
Retrievalofdatafromthedatabase
Updatingdatainthedatabase
Deletionofdatainthedatabase
Q.WhatisDataDefinitionLanguage?
DataDefinitionLanguage(DDL)allowsustocreate,alter,anddeletedatabase
objectssuchasschemas,tables,views,sequences,catalogs,indexes,and
aliases.
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Q.WhatisDataControlLanguage?
DataControlLanguage(DCL)allowsustocontrolaccesstothedatabase.
'DCL'commandsinclude
'GRANT'toallowspecificuserstoperformspecifiedtasks
'REVOKE'tocancelpreviouslydeniedorgrantedpermissions
2014(292)
2013(730)
December(89)
November(105)
October(60)
Q.WhatisMSAccess?
MSAccesswaslaunchedin1992byMicrosoftCorporationaspartofMS
September(30)
June(15)
Office.
MicrosoftAccessisentryleveldatabasemanagementsoftware.Itisnotonly
aninexpensivebutalsopowerfuldatabaseforsmallscaleprojects.
MSAccessusestheJetdatabaseenginewhichutilizesaspecificSQLlanguage
dialect(sometimesreferredtoasJetSQL).
May(164)
April(78)
March(68)
MSAccesscomeswiththeprofessionaleditionofMSOfficepackage.MS
Accessisuserfriendlydatabasemanagementsystem.
Q.WhatisOracle?
Oracleisarelationaldatabasemanagementsystemdevelopedby'Oracle
Corporationandlaunchedin1977.
OraclesupportsallmajorOperatingsystemsincludes,MSWindows.NetWare,
UnixWare,OS/2andmostUNIXflavors.
Q.WhatisMSSQLServer?
MSSQLServerisaRelationalDatabaseManagementSystemdevelopedby
February(43)
January(78)
QTP11.5
MySQLInterview
Questions2
MySQLInterview
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JavaInterview
Questions22
MicrosoftInc.ItsprimaryquerylanguagesareTSQLandANSISQL.
JavaInterview
Questions21
Q.WhatisSybase?
TestDocumentation
Templates
Sybaseisacomputersoftwarecompany,theirprimaryproductisSybase
JavaInterview
Questions20
DBMS,whichisarelationaldatabasemanagementsystembasedupon
structuredquerylanguage.
Q.WhatisMySQL?
JavaInterview
Questions19
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Q.WhatisMySQL?
MySQLisopensourceDatabaseManagementSystem,developedbySwedish
companyMySQLAB.
JavaInterview
Questions18
OracleInterview
Questions45
MySQLSupportsmanydifferentplatformsincludingMicrosoftWindows,the
majorLinuxdistributions,UNIX,andMacOSX.
MySQLhasfreeandpaidversions,dependingonitsusage(non
commercial/commercial)andfeatures.MySQLcomeswithaveryfast,multi
OracleInterview
Questions44
threaded,multiuser,androbustSQLdatabaseserver.
OracleInterview
Questions43
Q.WhatisDB2?
JavaInterview
Questions17
DB2istheshortnameusedforDATABASE2.Itisrelationaldatabaseproduct
JavaInterview
Questions16
developedbyIBM.in1983
Q.WhatisDB/400?
ItisoneoftheflavorsofIBMDB2
Q.WhatarethecategoriesofoperatorsavailableinSQL?
Arithmeticoperators
Comparisonoperators
Logicaloperators
Q.WhatareArithmeticoperatorsinSQL?
Operator
Description
+(Addition)
Addsvalues
(Subtraction)
SubtractsRightsidevaluefromLeftsidevalue
*(Multiplication)
Multipliesvaluesoneithersideoftheoperator
/(Division)
Divideslefthandoperandbyrighthandoperand
%(Modulus)
Divideslefthandoperandbyrighthandoperand
OracleInterview
Questions42
OracleFAQ41
OracleQuestions40
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Questions15
OracleInterview
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JavaInterview
Questions14
JavaInterview
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CoreJavaInterview
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CoreJavaInterview
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andreturnsremainder
VBScriptVariables
Video
Q.WhatareComparisonoperatorsinSQL?
Forexamplex=1,y=2
OperatorExample
=(x=y)isFalse
!=(x!=y)isTrue.
<>(x<>y)istrue.
>(x>y)isFalse
<(x<y)isTrue
>=(x>=y)isFalse
<=(x<=y)isTrue
CoreJavaInterview
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!>(x!>y)isTrue.
SQLInterview
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Answers
Note:ComparisonOperatorsreturnLogicalResults
KurugondaVillage
!<(x!<y)isFalse
Q.WhatareLogicaloperatorsinSQL?
OperatorDescription
NOTReturnsTRUEifthefollowingconditionisFALSE.ReturnsFALSE
ifitisTRUE.
ANDReturnsTRUEifbothcomponentconditionsareTRUE.Returns
FALSEifeitherisFALSE
ORReturnsTRUEifeithercomponentconditionisTRUE.Returns
FALSEifbothareFALSE.
Q.WhatisaDataRelationshipandWhatarethey?
DatabaseRelationshipistheconnectionbetweenthetablesinadatabase.
Thereare4typesofrelationships,andtheyare:
OnetoOneRelationship
OracleQuestions35
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OnetoManyRelationship
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ManytoOneRelationship
ManytoManyRelationship
Q.WhatareImportantDataTypesinSQL?
DataType
Syntax
character
char(x)
integer
integer
numeric
numeric(p,s)
decimal
decimal(p,s)
float
float(p)
date
date
time
time
charactervarying
varchar2(x)
bit
bit(x)
real
real
smallint
smallint
CoreJavaInterview
Questions6
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Q.HowtoCreateaDatabase?
CoreJavaInterview
Questions4
TheSQLCREATEDATABASEstatementisusedtocreatenewSQLdatabase.
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Institutesin
Hyderabad
Syntax:
CREATEDATABASEDatabaseName
Example:
SQL>CREATEDATABASETestData
Q.HowtodeleteaDatabase?
UsingDROPDATABASEstatementwecandeleteanyexistingDatabase
Syntax:
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DROPDATABASEDatabaseName
Example:
OracleInterview
Questions28
SQL>DROPDATABASETestData
OracleInterview
Questions27
Q.HowtoSelectaDatabase?
OracleInterview
Questions26
USEstatementisusedtoselectanyexistingdatabaseinSQL
OracleInterview
Questions25
Syntax:
OracleInterview
Questions24
USEDatabaseName
OracleInterview
Questions23
Example:
SQL>USETestData
CoreJavaInterview
Questions3
Q.HowtoviewallexistingDatabaseslist?
OracleInterview
Questions22
SQL>SHOWDATABASES
OracleInterview
Questions21
Q.HowtocreateaTable?
OracleInterview
Questions20
CREATETABLEtable_name(
OracleInterview
Questions19
column1datatype,
column2datatype,
column3datatype,
CoreJavaInterview
Questions2
.....
columnNdatatype,
PRIMARYKEY(oneormorecolumns)
)
CoreJavaInterview
Questions
QAInterview
Questions
Q.HowtodeleteaTable?
4/9
10/20/2016
UsingDropTablewecandeleteaTable
OracleInterview
Questions18
Syntax:
OracleInterview
Questions17
DROPTABLEtable_name
OracleInterview
Questions16
Q.HowtoaddnewrecordintoaTable?
OracleInterview
Questions15
UsingINSERTINTOstatement,wecaninsertnewrows
OracleInterview
Questions14
Syntax:
OracleInterview
Questions13
INSERTINTOTABLE_NAME(column1,column2,column3,...columnN)
VALUES(value1,value2,value3,...valueN)
InterviewQuestions
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programming
Q.HowtofetchdatafromaDatabaseTable?
UsingSELECTStatement,wecanfetchdatafromaDatabaseTable
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Questions
Syntax:
vbscriptdatatypes
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Introduction
SELECTcolumn1,column2,columnNFROMtable_name
Or
SELECT*FROMtable_name
2012(139)
Q.ExplainaboutINOperator?
2011(53)
TheINoperatorimplementscomparisontoalistofvalues,thatis,ittests
whetheravaluematchesanyvalueinalistofvalues.INcomparisonshave
thefollowinggeneralformat:
2010(138)
....
value1[NOT]IN(value2[,value3]...)
Thiscomparisontestsifvalue1matchesvalue2ormatchesvalue3,andso
on.Itisequivalenttothefollowinglogicalpredicate:
value1=value2[ORvalue1=value3]...
Q.ExplainaboutFROMClauseinSQL?
TheFROMclausealwaysfollowstheSELECTclause.Itliststhetables
accessedbythequery.Forexample,
SELECT*FROMs
WhentheFromListcontainsmultipletables,commasseparatethetable
names.Forexample,
SELECTsp.*,city
FROMsp,s
WHEREsp.sno=s.sno
WhentheFromListhasmultipletables,theymustbejoinedtogether.
Q.WhatistheparametersubstitutionsymbolusedwithINSERTINTO
command?
TheparametersubstitutionsymbolusedwithINSERTINTOcommandis&.
Q.Whatarethevarioususesofdatabasetriggers?
Databasetriggerscanbeusedtoenforcebusinessrules,tomaintainderived
valuesandperformvaluebasedauditing.
Q.Whatisaeventhandlerinsql?
Aneventhandlerisaroutinethatiswrittentorespondtoaparticularevent.
Q.WhataretwomethodsofretrievingSQL?
ThetwomethodsofretrievingSQLare
1select
2usingcursor.
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Q.Whatisasynonym?Howisitused?
Asynonymisusedtoreferenceatableorviewbyanothername.Theother
namecanthenbewrittenintheapplicationcodepointingtotesttablesinthe
developmentstageandtoproductionentitieswhenthecodeismigrated.The
synonymislinkedtotheAUTHIDthatcreatedit.
Q.Whatisreferentialintegrity?
Referentialintegrityreferstotheconsistencythatmustbemaintained
betweenprimaryandforeignkeys,i.e.everyforeignkeyvaluemusthavea
correspondingprimarykeyvalue.
Q.ExplaintheEXPLAINstatement?
Theexplainstatementprovidesinformationabouttheoptimizer'schoiceof
accesspathoftheSQL.
Q.HowistheSUBSTRkeywordusedinSQL?
SUBSTRisusedforstringmanipulationwithcolumnname,firstpositionand
stringlengthusedasarguments.E.g.SUBSTR(NAME,13)referstothefirst
threecharactersinthecolumnNAME.
Q.Whatisthedifferencebetweengroupbyandorderby?
Groupbycontrolsthepresentationoftherows,orderbycontrolsthe
presentationofthecolumnsfortheresultsoftheSELECTstatement.
Q.Whatisasubselect?Isitdifferentfromanestedselect?
Asubselectisaselectwhichworksinconjunctionwithanotherselect.A
nestedselectisakindofsubselectwheretheinnerselectpassestothewhere
criteriafortheouterselect.
Q.WhatistheuseofCASCADECONSTRAINTS?
WhenthisclauseisusedwiththeDROPcommand,aparenttablecanbe
droppedevenwhenachildtableexists.
Q.Howdoyoupreventoutputfromcomingtothescreen?
TheSEToptionTERMOUTcontrolsoutputtothescreen.SettingTERMOUTOFF
turnsoffscreenoutput.ThisoptioncanbeshortenedtoTERM.
Q.CanPrimarykeyisaForeignKeyonthesametable?
Yes,PrimarykeyisaForeignKeyonthesametable.
Q.Howdoyouexecuteahostoperatingsystemcommandfromwithin
SQL?
Byuseoftheexclamationpoint!(inUNIXandsomeotherOS)ortheHOST
(HO)command.
Q.WhatisaCartesianproduct?
ACartesianproductistheresultofanunrestrictedjoinoftwoormoretables.
TheresultsetofathreetableCartesianproductwillhavex*y*znumberof
rowswherex,y,zcorrespondtothenumberofrowsineachtableinvolvedin
thejoin.
Q.HowcanvariablesbepassedtoaSQLroutine?
Byuseofthe&symbol.Forpassinginvariablesthenumbers18canbeused
(&1,&2,...,&8)topassthevaluesafterthecommandintotheSQLPLUS
session.Tobepromptedforaspecificvariable,placetheampersanded
variableinthecodeitself:select*fromdba_tableswhere
owner=&owner_name.UseofdoubleampersandstellsSQLPLUSto
resubstitutethevalueforeachsubsequentuseofthevariable,asingle
ampersandwillcausearepromptforthevalueunlessanACCEPTstatementis
usedtogetthevaluefromtheuser.
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Q.Whatcommandisusedtogetbacktheprivilegesofferedbythe
GRANTcommand?
RevokecommandisusedtogetbacktheprivilegesofferedbytheGRANT
command.
Q.Whataretheadvantagesofprocedures?
Advantagesofprocedures:
Loadedonceandusedmanytimes.
PerformancebettercozallSQLstatementsaresentinonegofromthe
applicationtothedatabase.
Security(noobjectprivilegesaregivendirectly).
Invoker'srightspossible.
Dataintegrity,productivity.
Q.WhatisParsing?
Parsingcheckssyntax,checksprivileges,andallocatingPrivateSQLArea.
Q.Whatisacursor?
NameorhandletoaprivateSQLareawhereOracleparsesandfetchesquery
results.
Q)IsSQLsupportsConditionalandLoopStatements?
NoBasicallySQLisaCommandbasedLanguage,notaprocedurallanguage,
butithasOperatorsandbuiltinFunctions.
RelatedPosts:
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14comments:
Anonymous says:
November14,2013at1:22PM
SQLCommandsarecommonforallDatabaseManagementSystemsornot?
Reply
Anonymous says:
November14,2013at1:24PM
WhoisthevendorofSQL?
Reply
Anonymous says:
November21,2013at12:20AM
Yes,It'scommonforall
Reply
Anonymous says:
7/9
10/20/2016
December17,2013at7:22PM
SQLispaidsoftwareorFreeware?
Reply
Anonymous says:
December17,2013at7:24PM
canwecreateourownfunctionsinSQL?
Reply
G.C.Reddy says:
January22,2014at2:04PM
SQLisFreeware.
Reply
Anonymous says:
WhatisthedifferencebetweenSQLandPLSQL?
Reply
Anonymous says:
isitmandatoryformanualtestertoknowaboutprocedures
Reply
Anonymous says:
June21,2014at1:22PM
HelloReddysir,
IamnotabletoaccessSQLqueriesexampleslink.Wouldyoupleaseprovidethe
correctlink.
Reply
Anonymous says:
July19,2014at12:34PM
hisir,
iamnotabletocopythistopicsfordownloading,howcanidownload,wouldyou
pleasehelpme.
Reply
showjam75 says:
September28,2015at6:30PM
nicequestions
Reply
Unknown says:
not...Alldatabasehavedifferdiffercmd..
Reply
Ganesh says:
August31,2016at7:31PM
HiSir,
Pleaseletmeknowwhichisbestpractice.EitherSQLSERVERORMYSQL
Reply
GCReddy says:
October19,2016at11:24AM
SQLCommandsareCommonforallDatabaseManagementSystems.
Reply
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