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Bengkel Report

The document discusses the processes and procedures for completing a lathe machine project. It describes the objective to identify turning and drilling processes and lathe machine components. It then outlines the various machining processes used in the project like facing, turning, grooving and chamfering. Safety precautions for operating the lathe machine are also provided.

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Paih Dt
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392 views5 pages

Bengkel Report

The document discusses the processes and procedures for completing a lathe machine project. It describes the objective to identify turning and drilling processes and lathe machine components. It then outlines the various machining processes used in the project like facing, turning, grooving and chamfering. Safety precautions for operating the lathe machine are also provided.

Uploaded by

Paih Dt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

1.

OBJECTIVE
1. To identify the types of turning and drilling process
2. To identify main components of lathe machine and experience to
operate with mini project
3. To get an ideas about planning, procedures and relate it with actual
industries culture

1.2

INTRODUCTION

Turning is a metalcutting process used for the generation of cylindrical


surfaces. Typically the workpiece is rotated on a spindle and the tool is fed into it
radially, axially or both ways simultaneously to give the required surface. The
term turning, in the general sense, refers to the generation of any cylindrical
surface with a single point tool. More specifically, it is often applied just to the
generation of external cylindrical surfaces oriented primarily parallel to the
workpiece axis. The generation of surfaces oriented primarily perpendicular to
the workpiece axis are called facing. In turning, the direction of the feeding
motion is predominantly axial with respect to the machine spindle. In facing a
radial feed is dominant. Tapered and contoured surfaces require both modes of
tool feed at the same time often referred to as profiling.
The cutting characteristics of most turning applications are similar. For a given
surface only one cutting tool is used. This tool must overhang its holder to some
extent to enable the holder to clear the rotating workpiece. Once the cut starts,
the tool and the workpiece are usually in contact until the surface is completely
generated. During this time the cutting speed and cut dimensions will be
constant when a cylindrical surface is being turned. In the case of facing
operations the cutting speed is proportional to the work diameter, the speed
decreasing as the center of the piece is approached. Sometimes a spindle speed
changing mechanism is provided to increase the rotating speed of the workpiece
as the tool moves to the center of the part.

1.3

MACHINING PARAMETER

1. Cutting speed and spindle speed:


Cutting speed is the relative speed at which the tool passes through
the work material and removes metal. It is normally expressed in meters
per minute (or feet per inch in British units). It has to do with the speed of
rotation of the workpiece or the tool, as the case may be. The higher the
cutting speed, the better the productivity. For every work material and tool
material combo, there is always an ideal cutting speed available, and the
tool manufacturers generally give the guidelines for it. Spindle speed:
Spindle speed is expressed in RPM (revolutions per minute). It is derived
based on the cutting speed and the work diameter cut (in case of turning/
boring) or tool diameter (in case of drilling/ milling etc). If V is the cutting
speed and D is the diameter of cutting, then Spindle speed N = V /(Pi x D)
2. Feed rate:

The relative speed at which the tool is linearly traversed over the
workpiece to remove the material. In case of rotating tools with multiple
cutting teeth (like a milling cutter), the feed rate is first reckoned in terms
of feed per tooth," expressed in millimeters (mm/tooth). At the next
stage, it is feed per revolution" (mm/rev).In case of lathe operations, it is
feed per revolution that states how much a tool advances in one
revolution of workpiece. In case of milling, feed per revolution is nothing
but feed per tooth multiplied by the number of teeth in the cutter. To
actually calculate the time taken for cutting a job, it is feed per minute"
(in mm/min) that is useful. Feed per minute is nothing but feed per
revolution multiplied by RPM of the spindle.
3. Depth of cut:
It indicates how much the tool digs into the component (in mm) to
remove material in the current pass.

1.4

2.0

MATERIAL SELECTION

In this project, we used aluminium bar as a workpiece. This is


because of its low density, cheap and easy to machine. In this project also
we used lathe machine because of the cylindrical shape of the workpiece.

PROCEDURE

There are several processes that have been used during completing
this project such as facing, turning, grooving, knurling and chamfering .

Facing Process
This is the process where the top/bottom of
the workpiece is flattened for measurement
process.
This process also used to reduce the length
of the workpiece( in this project,57 mm )
Slowly move the tool post to the left and
insert the tool bit to reduce the length by
0.05 mm one at the time
Turning Process
After get the required length, this process
take over to reduce the diameter of
workpiece.
the original diameter of this workpiece is
25mm
the largest diameter in this project is
20mm
there are 3 different types of diameter in
this project
20mm, 10.8mm and 7.8mm
after finished with 20mm, continued this

process to reduce the diameter with the


second largest, 10.8mm

Grooving Process
After finished with turning process, proceed
with grooving process to make a groove
7.8mm in diameter
Hold the workpiece at the largest diameter
and run the machine with low speed to
avoid the workpiece from broken.
using the grooving cutting tool, slowly
insert the tool post until the required
diameter( 7.8mm )
Knurling
This process created a serrated pattern onto the
workpiece surface.
This process is applied to the largest diameters
part( 20mm )
placed the knurling cutting tool to the tool post
Set the machine to low speed and slowly move the
tools post until it touched the workpiece.
Run the machine and move the tool post
inside until the pattern emerged.
After that, without stopping the machine,
move the tool post to the side and repeat
the process until the whole required parts
has been covered.
Chamfering
Chamfering removes the burrs and sharp
edges, and thus makes the handling safe.
Chamfering can be done by a form tool
having angle equal to chamfer which is
generally kept at 45.
this is the last process to be done after
knurling
Loosen the screw that hold the compound
rest and turn it to 45 anti-clockwise
Use the saddle to move compound rest part
only during this process.
after finished, turn back the compound rest
to its original position

3.0

EQUIPMENT / TOOLS

4.0

SAFETY PRECAUTION

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Aluminium Bar
Lathe Machine
Power Saw
Vernier Calliper
Carbide cutting tool

Use PPE ( Personal Protective Equipment ) such as safety boots, apron


( if necessary ), goggles, gloves( during this process its not necessary ) to
avoid any serious injuries.

Always wear eye protector. The lathe can throw off sharp, hot metal chips
at considerable speed as well as spin off spirals of metal that can be quite
hazardous. Don't take chances with your eyes.

Wear short sleeve shirts, if possible, or shirts with snugly fitting cuffs if
long sleeve. Loose sleeves can catch on rotating work and quickly pull
your hand or arm into harm's way.

Keep your fingers clear of the rotating work and cutting tools.

Always double check to make sure your work is securely clamped in the
chuck or between centers before starting the lathe.

5.0

DISCUSSION

During this turning lab session, students were assigned to complete a


project as described in the drawing provided (appendix A). In completing this
assignment, there are several things that can be discussed, such as new
techniques in operating the lathe machine, for example the 'grooving' process
which is one of the methods that are widely used.
This process is intended to create a groove on the surface of the workpiece. This
process is carried out after completion of decreasing diameter to 10.8 mm and
the depth of this groove is 3mm. This process also used its own cutting tools and
it is also different from others. This process is different from the turning process,
because the movement of the cutting tool is only on the x axis without moving
the apron part of the machine.
Besides, students are given the opportunity to set up a project in a group that
has two members. Each group was given the opportunity to disburse their own
work in the project and also the paperwork. Here, the leadership and the fair and
equitable can be cultivated in the students themselves to avoid an undone
assignment that could affect their marks.

6.0

CONCLUSION

As conclusion, all of the objective has been archive. Students are able to
identify the types of turning and drilling process while completing the tasks
given. Students also able to recognize and identify the main components of the
lathe machine and experienced on operating the lathe machine when

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