c18 Getting Started

MPLAB C18
C COMPILER
GETTING STARTED
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51295C
Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices:
Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet.
Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the
intended manner and under normal conditions.
There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our
knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchips Data
Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property.
Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code.
Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not
mean that we are guaranteeing the product as unbreakable.
Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our
products. Attempts to break Microchips code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts
allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act.
Information contained in this publication regarding device

applications and the like is intended through suggestion only
and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to
ensure that your application meets with your specifications.
No representation or warranty is given and no liability is
assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect
to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of
patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such
use or otherwise. Use of Microchips products as critical
components in life support systems is not authorized except
with express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are
conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual
property rights.
Trademarks
The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, Accuron,
dsPIC, KEELOQ, microID, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART,
PRO MATE, PowerSmart, rfPIC, and SmartShunt are
registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated
in the U.S.A. and other countries.
AmpLab, FilterLab, MXDEV, MXLAB, PICMASTER, SEEVAL,
SmartSensor and The Embedded Control Solutions Company
are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology
Incorporated in the U.S.A.
Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, dsPICDEM,
dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, ECAN, ECONOMONITOR,
FanSense, FlexROM, fuzzyLAB, In-Circuit Serial
Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, Migratable Memory, MPASM,
MPLIB, MPLINK, MPSIM, PICkit, PICDEM, PICDEM.net,
PICLAB, PICtail, PowerCal, PowerInfo, PowerMate,
PowerTool, rfLAB, rfPICDEM, Select Mode, Smart Serial,
SmartTel and Total Endurance are trademarks of Microchip
Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.
SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated
in the U.S.A.
All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their
respective companies.
2004, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the
U.S.A., All Rights Reserved.
Printed on recycled paper.
Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2002 quality system certification for

its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in
Chandler and Tempe, Arizona and Mountain View, California in
October 2003. The Companys quality system processes and
procedures are for its PICmicro 8-bit MCUs, KEELOQ code hopping
devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and
analog products. In addition, Microchips quality system for the design
and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified.
DS51295C-page ii
MPLAB C18 COMPILER

GETTING STARTED
Table of Contents
Preface ........................................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 1. Overview
1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 7
1.2 Highlights ........................................................................................................ 7
1.3 System Requirements .................................................................................... 7
1.4 Quick Directory Tour ...................................................................................... 8
1.5 About the Language Tools ............................................................................. 9
Chapter 2. Installation
2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 11
2.2 Highlights ...................................................................................................... 11
2.3 Installing MPLAB C18 .................................................................................. 11
2.4 Uninstalling MPLAB C18 .............................................................................. 17
Chapter 3. Examples of Use

3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 19
3.2 Highlights ...................................................................................................... 19
3.3 Example 1 .................................................................................................... 20
3.4 Example 2 .................................................................................................... 39
3.5 Example 3 .................................................................................................... 43
3.6 Example 4 .................................................................................................... 47
3.7 Example 5 .................................................................................................... 51
Glossary ....................................................................................................................... 53
Index ............................................................................................................................. 59
Worldwide Sales and Service .................................................................................... 60
DS51295C-page iii
MPLAB C18 Compiler Getting Started

NOTES:
DS51295C-page iv
MPLAB C18 C COMPILER

GETTING STARTED
Preface
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this document is to help users get up and running with Microchips
MPLAB C18 C compiler.
HIGHLIGHTS
Items discussed in this chapter are:
About This Guide

Recommended Reading
The Microchip Web Site
Development Systems Customer Notification Service
Customer Support
ABOUT THIS GUIDE

Document Layout
This document describes how to install/uninstall MPLAB C18 and provides several
examples of writing C code for PICmicro microcontroller applications. For a detailed
discussion about basic MPLAB IDE v6.xx functions, refer to the MPLAB IDE on-line
help file.
This document includes:
Chapter 1: Overview Defines system requirements and provides a brief
description of the installed programs and directories created by the installation
process.
Chapter 2: Installation Provides instructions on how to install the compiler onto
your system. Also provides uninstall instructions.
Chapter 3: Examples of Use uses a tutorial style to illustrate effective use of
the MPLAB C18 C compiler. The examples use MPLAB IDE v6.xx with
PIC18F452 or PIC18F4620 as the selected device and MPLAB SIM simulator as
a debug tool. Some examples use the additional tools, MPLAB ICD 2 in-circuit
debugger and PICDEM 2 Plus demo board.
- Example 1 demonstrates how to set up and build a project; run, step and set
breakpoints in the example code; and debug the code.
- Example 2 demonstrates the use of the MPLAB C18 peripheral libraries and
the C standard library, as well as the allocation of variables into program
memory.
- Example 3 demonstrates some of the differences between Extended and
Non-extended modes.
- Example 4 demonstrates the allocation of variables in access RAM.
- Example 5 demonstrates the use of interrupt service routines with
MPLAB C18 and provides an example of the use of the MPLAB C18
peripheral libraries.
DS51295C-page 1
MPLAB C18 C Compiler Getting Started

Glossary A glossary of terms used in this guide.
Index Cross-reference listing of terms, features and sections of this document.
Conventions Used in this Guide

This guide uses the following documentation conventions:
DOCUMENTATION CONVENTION
Description
Represents
Code (Courier font):

Courier font
Sample source code
Filenames and paths
Keywords
Command-line options
Italic Courier
Variable name argument
font
Square
Optional arguments
brackets [ ]
Ellipses...
Replaces repeated
instances of text
Represents code
supplied by user.
Examples
distance -= time * speed;
c:\mcc18\h
_asm, _endasm, static
-Opa+, -Opafile.o, where file can be any valid file name
mcc18 [options] file [options]
var_name [, var_name...]
void main (void)
{ ...
}
0xFFFF, 0x007A
A hexadecimal number
where n is a hexadecimal
digit
Documents (Arial font):
Italic characters Referenced books
MPLAB Users Guide
0xnnnn
Documentation Updates
All documentation becomes dated, and this guide is no exception. Since MPLAB IDE,
MPLAB C18 and other Microchip tools are constantly evolving to meet customer
needs, some actual dialogs and/or tool descriptions may differ from those in this
document. Please refer to our web site to obtain the latest documentation available.
Documentation Numbering Conventions

Documents are numbered with a DS number. The number is located on the bottom of
each page, in front of the page number. The numbering convention for the DS Number
is DSXXXXXA, where:
DS51295C-page 2
XXXXX
The document number.
The revision level of the document.
Preface
RECOMMENDED READING
For more information on included libraries and precompiled object files for the
compilers, the operation of MPLAB IDE and the use of other tools, the following are
recommended reading.
readme.c18
For the latest information on using MPLAB C18 C Compiler, read the readme.c18 file
(ASCII text) included with the software. This readme file contains update information
that may not be included in this document.
readme.xxx
For the latest information on other Microchip tools (MPLAB IDE, MPLINK linker, etc.),
read the associated readme files (ASCII text file) included with the software.
MPLAB C18 C Compiler Users Guide (DS51288)
Comprehensive guide that describes the operation and features of Microchips MPLAB
C18 C compiler for PIC18 devices.
MPLAB IDE V6.XX Quick Start Guide (DS51281)
Describes how to set up the MPLAB IDE software and use it to create projects and
program devices.
MPASM Users Guide with MPLINK Linker and MPLIB Librarian (DS33014)
Describes how to use the Microchip PICmicro MCU assembler (MPASM), linker
(MPLINK) and librarian (MPLIB).
PICmicro 18C MCU Family Reference Manual (DS39500)
Focuses on the Enhanced MCU family of devices. The operation of the Enhanced MCU
family architecture and peripheral modules is explained but does not cover the
specifics of each device.
PIC18 Device Data Sheets and Application Notes
Data sheets describe the operation and electrical specifications of PIC18 devices.
Application notes describe how to use PIC18 devices.
To obtain any of the above listed documents, visit the Microchip web site
(www.microchip.com) to retrieve these documents in Adobe Acrobat (.pdf) format.
DS51295C-page 3

THE MICROCHIP WEB SITE
Microchip provides on-line support on the Microchip World Wide Web (WWW) site. The
web site is used by Microchip as a means to make files and information easily available
to customers. To view the site, you must have access to the Internet and a web
browser, such as, Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer.
The Microchip web site is available by using your favorite Internet browser to reach:
http://www.microchip.com
The web site provides a variety of services. Users may download files for the latest
development tools, data sheets, application notes, users guides, articles and sample
programs. A variety of information specific to the business of Microchip is also
available, including listings of Microchip sales offices, distributors and factory
representatives.
Technical Support
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
On-line Discussion Groups conferences for products, development systems,
technical information and more
Microchip Consultant Program Member Listing
Links to other useful web sites related to Microchip products
Engineers Toolbox
Design Tips
Device Errata
Other Available Information

Latest Microchip Press Releases
Listing of seminars and events
Job Postings
DS51295C-page 4
Preface
DEVELOPMENT SYSTEMS CUSTOMER NOTIFICATION SERVICE
Microchip started the customer notification service to help our customers keep current
on Microchip products with the least amount of effort. Once you subscribe, you will
receive e-mail notification whenever we change, update, revise or have errata related
to your specified product family or development tool of interest.
Go to the Microchip web site at (http://www.microchip.com) and click on Customer
Change Notification. Follow the instructions to register.
The Development Systems product group categories are:
Compilers
Emulators
In-Circuit Debuggers
MPLAB IDE
Programmers
Here is a description of these categories:

Compilers The latest information on Microchip C compilers and other language
tools. These include the MPLAB C17, MPLAB C18 and MPLAB C30 C compilers;
MPASM and MPLAB ASM30 assemblers; MPLINK and MPLAB LINK30 object
linkers; MPLIB and MPLAB LIB30 object librarians.
Emulators The latest information on Microchip in-circuit emulators. This includes the
MPLAB ICE 2000 and MPLAB ICE 4000.
In-Circuit Debuggers The latest information on the Microchip in-circuit debugger,
MPLAB ICD 2.
MPLAB IDE The latest information on Microchip MPLAB IDE, the Windows
Integrated Development Environment for development systems tools. This list is
focused on the MPLAB IDE and MPLAB SIM simulators, MPLAB IDE Project Manager
and general editing and debugging features.
Programmers The latest information on Microchip device programmers. These
include the MPLAB PM3 and PRO MATE II device programmers and PICSTART
Plus development programmer.
DS51295C-page 5

CUSTOMER SUPPORT
Users of Microchip products can receive assistance through several channels:
Distributor or Representative
Local Sales Office
Field Application Engineer (FAE)
Corporate Applications Engineer (CAE)
Hotline
Customers should call their distributor, representative or field application engineer

(FAE) for support. Local sales offices are also available to help customers. See the last
page for a list of sales offices and locations.
Corporate Applications Engineers (CAEs) may be contacted at (480) 792-7627.
In addition, there is a Systems Information and Upgrade Line. This line provides system
users a list of the latest versions of all of Microchips development systems software
products. Plus, this line provides information on how customers can receive any
currently available upgrade kits.
The Hotline Numbers are:
1-800-755-2345 for U.S. and most of Canada.
1-480-792-7302 for the rest of the world.
DS51295C-page 6

GETTING STARTED
Chapter 1. Overview
1.1
INTRODUCTION
This document is designed to get users started quickly using Microchips C compiler
MPLAB C18. PICmicro microcontroller applications can be easily developed using
MPLAB C18 with PIC18 PICmicro MCUs, MPLINK linker and MPLAB IDE. Please refer
to the MPLAB C18 C Compiler Users Guide (DS51288) for more details on the
features mentioned in this document.
1.2
HIGHLIGHTS
Information in this chapter includes:
System Requirements
Quick Directory Tour
About the Language Tools
1.3
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
The minimum system requirements for using MPLAB C18 and the MPLINK linker are:
25 MB hard disk space (50 MB recommended)
Microsoft Windows operating system (95 or later)
DS51295C-page 7

1.4
QUICK DIRECTORY TOUR

The MPLAB C18 installation directory contains the readme file for the compiler
(readme.c18) and the readme file for the linker (readme.lkr). In addition, a number
of subdirectories are also present. A detailed description of the subdirectories is shown
in Table 1-1.
TABLE 1-1:
Directory
DS51295C-page 8
MPLAB C18 SUBDIRECTORY DESCRIPTIONS

Description
bin
Contains the executables for the compiler and linker. These are
described in more detail in the following section.
cpp
Contains the source code for the MPLAB C18 C preprocessor. This
source code is provided for general interest.
doc
Contains the MPLAB C18 electronic documentation. Refer to these

documents for questions regarding MPLAB C18.
example
Contains sample applications to help users get started using

MPLAB C18, including the examples contained in this document.
Contains the header files for the standard C library and the
processor-specific libraries for the supported PICmicro MCUs.
lib
Contains the standard C library (clib.lib or clib_e,lib), the

processor-specific libraries (p18xxxx.lib or p18xxxx_e.lib,
where xxxx is the specific device number) and the startup modules
(c018.o, c018_e.o, c018i.o, c018i_e.o, c018iz.o,
c018iz_e.o).
lkr
Contains the linker script files.
mpasm
Contains the command-line version of the MPASM assembler, the

assembly header files for the devices supported by MPLAB C18
(p18xxxx.inc) and the assembly header files used by the libraries.
src
Contains the source code, in the form of C and assembly files, for the
standard C library, the processor-specific libraries and the startup
modules.
Overview
1.5
ABOUT THE LANGUAGE TOOLS

The bin and mpasm subdirectories of the MPLAB C18 compiler installation directory
contain the executables which comprise the MPLAB C18, MPASM assembler and the
MPLINK linker. A brief description of these programs is show in Table 1-2.
TABLE 1-2:
MPLAB C18, MPASM ASSEMBLER AND MPLINK LINKER

EXECUTABLES
Executable
Description
mcc18.exe
This is the compiler shell. It takes as input a C file (i.e., file.c)

and invokes the Extended or Non-extended mode compiler
executable.
mcc18-extended.exe
This is the Extended mode compiler executable. It is invoked by

the compiler shell when compiling for Extended mode. It
invokes the preprocessor cpp18.exe to preprocess the C file
and then compiles the preprocessed output and generates a
COFF file (e.g., file.o) to be passed to the linker.
mcc18-traditional.exe This is the Non-extended mode compiler executable. It is

invoked by the compiler shell when compiling for the
Non-extended mode. It invokes the preprocessor cpp18.exe
to preprocess the C file and then compiles the preprocessed
output and generates a COFF file (e.g., file.o) to be passed
to the linker.
cpp18.exe
This is the C preprocessor.
mplink.exe
This is the driver program for the linker. It takes as input a linker
script, object files and library files and passes these to
_mplink.exe. It then takes the output COFF file from
_mplink.exe and passes it to mp2cod.exe and
mp2hex.exe.
_mplink.exe
This is the linker. It takes as input a linker script

(e.g., p18f452.lkr), object files and library files and outputs a
COFF executable (e.g., file.out or file.cof). This COFF
file is the result of resolving unassigned addresses of data and
code of the input object files and referenced object files from
the libraries. _mplink.exe also optionally produces a map file
(e.g., file.map) that contains detailed information on the
allocation of data and code.
mp2cod.exe
This is the COFF to COD file converter. The COD file is a

symbolic debugging file format which is used by the MPLAB
IDE v5.xx. mp2cod.exe takes as input the COFF file produced
by _mplink.exe and outputs a COD file (e.g., file.cod). It
also creates a listing file (e.g., file.lst) that displays the
correspondence between the original source code and machine
code.
mp2hex.exe
This is the COFF to HEX file converter. The HEX file is a file
format readable by a PICmicro programmer, such as the
PICSTART Plus or the PRO MATE II. mp2hex.exe takes as
input the COFF file produced by _mplink.exe and outputs a
HEX file (e.g., file.hex).
mplib.exe
This is the librarian. It allows for the creation and management

of a library file (e.g., file.lib) that acts as an archive for the
object files. Library files are useful for organizing object files
into reusable code repositories.
DS51295C-page 9

TABLE 1-2:
MPLAB C18, MPASM ASSEMBLER AND MPLINK LINKER

EXECUTABLES (CONTINUED)
This is the command-line assembler. It takes as input an
assembly source file (e.g., file.asm) and outputs either a
COFF file (e.g., file.o) or a HEX file and COD file
(e.g., file.hex and file.cod). It also creates a listing file
(e.g., file.lst) and an error file (e.g., file.err), which
contains any errors or warnings emitted during the assembly
process. Assembly source files may include assembly header
files (e.g, p18f452.inc), which also contain assembly source
code.
mpasm.exe
More detailed information on the language tools, including their command-line usage,
can be found in the MPLAB C18 C Compiler Users Guide (DS51288) and the
MPASM Users Guide with MPLINK and MPLIB (DS33014).
An example of the flow of execution of the language tools is illustrated in Figure 1-1.
FIGURE 1-1:
LANGUAGE TOOLS EXECUTION FLOW

LEGEND
Source
Files
Object
Files
Input.asm
Input1.c
Input2.c
mpasm.exe
mcc18.exe
mcc18.exe
cpp18.exe
cpp18.exe
Input.o
Input1.o
Input3.o
File
Program
Input2.o
mplib.exe
Library and
Linker Script
Files
lib1.lib
script.lkr
mplink.exe
_mplink.exe
Output
Files
output.map
mp2cod.exe
output.hex
output.out
output.lst
DS51295C-page 10
mp2hex.exe
output.cod

GETTING STARTED
Chapter 2. Installation
2.1
INTRODUCTION
This chapter will discuss in detail how to install MPLAB C18. Should it become
necessary to remove the software, uninstall directions are provided as well.
2.2
HIGHLIGHTS
Information discussed in this chapter includes:
Installing MPLAB C18
Uninstalling MPLAB C18
2.3
INSTALLING MPLAB C18

To install MPLAB C18, run the setup program from the CD-ROM. If installing an MPLAB
C18 upgrade, run the upgrade setup program downloaded from the Microchip web site.
A series of dialogs will step through the setup process.
2.3.1
Welcome
A welcome screen displays the version number of MPLAB C18 that the setup program
will install, Figure 2-1.
FIGURE 2-1:
MPLAB C18 WELCOME SCREEN
Click Next to continue.
DS51295C-page 11

2.3.2
Readme File
The MPLAB C18 readme file is displayed. This file contains important information about
this release of MPLAB C18, such as known bugs, Figure 2-2.
FIGURE 2-2:
MPLAB C18 README FILE
After reviewing, click Next to continue.
2.3.3
Select Installation Directory
This step allows users to choose the directory where MPLAB C18 will be installed.
When installing MPLAB C18 for the first time, the default installation directory is
C:\mcc18, as shown in Figure 2-3.
If an upgrade is being installed, the setup program attempts to set the default
installation directory to the directory of the previous installation. The installation
directory for an upgrade must be the same directory of the previous installation or
upgrade.
Note:
DS51295C-page 12
Files in the installation directory and its subdirectories may be overwritten

or removed during the installation process. To save any files, such as
modified linker scripts or library source code from a previous installation,
copy those files to a directory outside the installation directory before
continuing.
Installation
FIGURE 2-3:
MPLAB C18 SELECT INSTALLATION DIRECTORY
After specifying the directory, click Next.
2.3.4
Select Components
Choose the components to be installed by checking the appropriate box, Figure 2-4.
FIGURE 2-4:
MPLAB C18 SELECT COMPONENTS
A detailed description of the available components is shown in Table 2-1.
DS51295C-page 13

TABLE 2-1:
MPLAB C18 SOFTWARE COMPONENTS
Component
Description
Program files
These are the executables for the compiler and linker. Users should
install this component unless they are upgrading and wish to use the
executables from the previously installed version.
Assembler files
These include the command-line version of the MPASM assembler

(mpasm.exe), the assembly header files for the devices supported by
MPLAB C18 (p18xxxx.inc) and the assembly header files used by
the libraries.
Linker script files
These files are used by the MPLINK linker. There is one file for each
supported PICmicro microcontroller. Each file provides a default
memory configuration for the processor and directs the linker in the
allocation of code and data in the processors memory.
These linker scripts differ from the linker scripts provided with the
MPLAB IDE in that these are specifically designed for use with MPLAB
C18. Since the MPLINK linker requires a linker script, users should
install this component unless they plan on creating their own linker
scripts.
Standard headers
These are the header files for the standard C library and the
processor-specific libraries. If users choose to install the standard
libraries, these will also be installed.
Standard libraries
This component contains the standard C library, the processor-specific

libraries, and the startup modules. See the MPLAB C18 C Compiler
Libraries (DS51297) and the MPLAB C18 C Compiler Users Guide
(DS51288) for more information on the libraries and startup modules.
Since most typical programs use the libraries and a startup module, it is
recommended that users install this component.
Documentation
This is the electronic documentation for MPLAB C18.
Examples
These are sample applications to assist users in getting started with

MPLAB C18, including the examples described in this document.
Library source code This is the source code for the standard C library and the
processor-specific libraries. Users should install this component if they
plan on rebuilding the libraries.
Preprocessor
source code
DS51295C-page 14
This is the source code for the preprocessor. It is provided for general
interest.
Installation
2.3.5
Configuration Options
The next dialog screen allows users to select a particular set of MPLAB C18
configuration options for their system, Figure 2-5:
FIGURE 2-5:
MPLAB C18 CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
A detailed description of the available configuration options is shown in Table 2-2.

Select the components to be installed, then click Next.
DS51295C-page 15

TABLE 2-2:
MPLAB C18 CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
Configuration
DS51295C-page 16
Description
Add MPLAB C18 to PATH

environment variable
This adds the path of the MPLAB C18 executable

(mcc18.exe) and the MPLINK linker executable
(mplink.exe) to the front of the PATH environment variable.
Doing this allows users to launch the newly installed version
of MPLAB C18 and the MPLINK linker at the command shell
prompt from any directory.
Add MPASM to PATH

environment variable
This adds the path of the MPASM executable (mpasm.exe)

to the front of the PATH environment variable. Doing this
allows users to launch the newly installed version of the
MPASM assembler at the command shell prompt from any
directory.
Add header file path to

MCC_INCLUDE environment
variable
This adds the path of the MPLAB C18 header file directory to
the front of the MCC_INCLUDE environment variable. If this
variable does not exist, it is created. MCC_INCLUDE is a list of
semicolon-delimited directories that MPLAB C18 will search
for in a header file if it cannot find the file in the directory list
specified with the -I command-line option. Selecting this
configuration option means users will not have to use the -I
command-line option when including a standard header file.
Modify PATH and

MCC_INCLUDE variables for
all users
This option appears only if users are logged into a Windows

NT or Windows 2000 computer as an administrator.
Selecting this configuration will perform the modifications to
these variables as specified in the three previous options for
all users. Otherwise, only the current users variables will be
affected.
Update MPLAB IDE v6.xx to

use this MPLAB C18
This option appears only if the MPLAB IDE v6.xx is installed

on your system. Selecting this option configures the MPLAB
IDE v6.xx to use the newly installed MPLAB C18. This
includes using the MPLAB C18 library directory as the default
library path for MPLAB C18 projects in the MPLAB IDE v6.xx.
Update MPLAB IDE v6.xx to

use this MPLINK linker
This option appears only if the MPLAB IDE v6.xx is installed

on your system. Selecting this option configures the MPLAB
IDE v6.xx to use the newly installed MPLINK linker.
Installation
2.3.6
Start Installation
The next dialog screen launches the installation, Figure 2-6. Once the Next button is
pressed, all files in the installation directory and its subdirectories will be overwritten or
removed.
FIGURE 2-6:
2.3.7
MPLAB C18 START INSTALLATION
Complete Installation
MPLAB C18 has now been successfully installed. In the Installation Complete dialog,
click Finish.
For MPLAB C18 to operate properly, it may be necessary to restart the computer. If the
Restart Computer dialog appears, select Yes to restart immediately, or No to restart
the computer at a later time.
2.4
UNINSTALLING MPLAB C18

To uninstall MPLAB C18, open the Windows control panel and launch Add/Remove
Programs. Select the MPLAB C18 installation in the list of programs and follow the
directions to remove the program. This will remove the MPLAB C18 directory and its
contents from the computer.
Note:
If uninstalling an upgraded version of MPLAB C18, the entire installation

will be removed; MPLAB C18 cannot be downgraded.
DS51295C-page 17

NOTES:
DS51295C-page 18

GETTING STARTED
Chapter 3. Examples of Use
3.1
INTRODUCTION
The following examples are intended to illustrate the effective use of MPLAB C18,
including how to create and build projects and how to step through programs.
These examples assume that MPLAB C18 and MPLAB IDE v6.xx are installed. Some
examples assume MPLAB ICD 2 is installed and connected to a PICDEM 2 Plus
demo board with a PIC18F452 device. Please refer to the PIC18FXX2 Data Sheet
(DS39564) for information regarding processor-specific items such as the special
function registers, instruction set and interrupt logic.
3.2
HIGHLIGHTS
Examples presented in this chapter for using MPLAB C18 include:
Example 1 demonstrates how to set up and build a project; run, step and set
breakpoints in the example code; and debug the code.
Example 2 demonstrates the use of the MPLAB C18 peripheral libraries and the
C standard library, as well as the allocation of variables into program memory.
Example 3 demonstrates some of the differences between Extended and
Non-extended modes.
Example 4 demonstrates the allocation of variables in access RAM.
Example 5 demonstrates the use of interrupt service routines with MPLAB C18
and provides an example of the use of the MPLAB C18 peripheral libraries.
DS51295C-page 19

3.3
EXAMPLE 1
This example is designed for use with the MPLAB IDE v6.xx, the MPLAB SIM simulator
and the PIC18F452 device. It shows how to set up an MPLAB C18 project in the
MPLAB IDE, build the project and step through the source code using the MPLAB SIM
simulator. Additionally, running the program using the MPLAB ICD 2 with the
PICDEM 2 Plus demo board is demonstrated. The example assumes that the directory
c:\mcc18 is the MPLAB C18 installation directory.
Here is the source code for the example:
#include <p18cxxx.h>
/* for TRISB and PORTB

declarations */
/* Set configuration bits for use with ICD2 / PICDEM2 PLUS Demo Board:
* - set HS oscillator
* - disable watchdog timer
* - disable low voltage programming
*/
#pragma romdata CONFIG
_CONFIG_DECL(_CONFIG1H_DEFAULT & _OSC_HS_1H,
_CONFIG2L_DEFAULT,
_CONFIG2H_DEFAULT & _WDT_OFF_2H,
_CONFIG3H_DEFAULT,
_CONFIG4L_DEFAULT & _LVP_OFF_4L,
_CONFIG5L_DEFAULT,
_CONFIG5H_DEFAULT,
_CONFIG6L_DEFAULT,
_CONFIG6H_DEFAULT,
_CONFIG7L_DEFAULT,
_CONFIG7H_DEFAULT);
#pragma romdata
int counter;
void main (void)
{
counter = 1;
TRISB = 0;
/* configure PORTB for output */
while (counter <= 15)
{
PORTB = counter; /* display value of 'counter'
on the LEDs */
counter++;
}
}
TRISB and PORTB are special function registers on the PIC18F452 device. The
PORTB pins are connected to the LEDs on the PICDEM 2 demo board; the
TRISB pins configure the PORTB pins for input (1) or output (0).
The configuration bits need to be set appropriately; this is done by invoking the
macro _CONFIG_DECL with settings for each configuration byte. This includes
specifying the oscillator used on the PICDEM 2 Plus demo board; in the example,
the crystal (_OSC_HS_1H) is used. Additionally, MPLAB ICD 2 requires that the
Watchdog Timer and low-voltage programming be disabled (_WDT_OFF_2H and
_LVP_OFF_4L, respectively). The macros to set the configuration bits are defined
in the processor-specific header file; see the MPLAB C18 C Compiler Users
Guide (DS51288) for details.
DS51295C-page 20
Examples of Use
3.3.1
Setting Up the Project
Select Project>New to create a new project. Then enter the name and directory of the
project in the dialog that displays and click OK, Figure 3-1.
If the examples with MPLAB C18 were installed, then the
example\getting_started\example1 subdirectory of the MPLAB C18 installation will already contain the source file for this example.
FIGURE 3-1:
Note:
NEW PROJECT DIALOG
The project name does not have to be the same as the directory name.
The project tree will now be visible with a branch for each type of project file.
FIGURE 3-2:
3.3.2
PROJECT TREE
Select Target Processor
The target processor must be selected before anything else is done with the project.
This is accomplished by choosing Configure>Select Device.
FIGURE 3-3:
SELECT DEVICE OPTION
DS51295C-page 21

For this example, the PIC18F452 device will be used. Select the device and click OK.
FIGURE 3-4:
3.3.3
SELECT DEVICE DIALOG
Select Project Settings
The MPLAB IDE needs to know which compiler and linker to use. To select MPLAB
C18 and the MPLINK linker, first choose Project>Select Language Toolsuite.
FIGURE 3-5:
DS51295C-page 22
SELECT LANGUAGE TOOLSUITE OPTION
Examples of Use
A dialog appears to select the language toolsuite. To use the language tools that
include MPLAB C18 and the MPLINK linker, select Microchip C18 Toolsuite as the
active toolsuite.
FIGURE 3-6:
SELECT LANGUAGE TOOLSUITE DIALOG
Then, select MPLINK Object Linker and MPLAB C18 C Compiler and make sure
that the paths are to the newly installed versions of the executables, mplink.exe and
mcc18.exe, respectively. Click OK.
FIGURE 3-7:
Note:
TOOLSUITE CONTENTS
If the user chose to update the MPLAB IDE 6.xx to use the newly installed
compiler and linker in the MPLAB C18 setup program, these paths should
already be set up correctly.
DS51295C-page 23

The next step is to set the command-line options for the compiler and linker. Choose
Project>Build Options>Project.
FIGURE 3-8:
DS51295C-page 24
PROJECT BUILD OPTIONS
Examples of Use
Enter the paths of the header file and library subdirectories of the MPLAB C18
installation directory on the General tab as shown in Figure 3-9. You can type the
paths or click on Browse to designate the path. MPLAB C18 will search for included
.h files in the specified header file directory. The MPLINK linker will search for object
and library files, including those specified in the linker script, in the library directory.
Output Directory is the final destination for files that result only from a complete build
of the project - the .cod, .cof and .hex files. Leave Output Directory blank; as a
result, the output file (example1.cof) will be placed in the project directory.
Intermediates Directory is where the object files produced by the compiler will be
placed. Leave this entry blank as well; as a result, the object file (example1.o) will be
placed in the same directory as the source file.
The MPLINK linker will search the directory specified in Linker-Script Path for linker
scripts. Since the location of the linker script will be specified when it is added to the
project tree, this entry can also be left blank for this example.
FIGURE 3-9:
BUILD OPTIONS, GENERAL TAB
DS51295C-page 25

3.3.4
Select Compiler and Linker Settings
The various command-line options which are passed to the compiler and linker can be
set on the MPLAB C18 and MPLINK Linker tabs, respectively, in the Build Options
window. For this example, the default command-line options for MPLAB C18 will be
accepted.
FIGURE 3-10:
BUILD OPTIONS, MPLAB C18 TAB
By default, when the MPLINK linker is run from the MPLAB IDE, it will not generate a
map (example1.map) file. To change this, select Generate map file on the MPLINK
Linker tab. Click OK. The default settings will be used for the remainder of the
command-line options.
FIGURE 3-11:
DS51295C-page 26
BUILD OPTIONS, MPLINK LINKER TAB
Examples of Use
3.3.5
Add Files to Project
The C source file must be added to the project. Click the right mouse button on Source
Files in the project window. Select Add Files.
FIGURE 3-12:
SOURCE FILES, ADD FILES OPTION
If c:\mcc18\example\getting_started\example1 was chosen as the project

directory, the source file example1.c already exists there. Browse to this directory
and select the file example1.c. Click Open to add the file to the project.
FIGURE 3-13:
ADD FILES DIALOG
The source file should appear in the project tree.

FIGURE 3-14:
SOURCE FILE IN PROJECT TREE
DS51295C-page 27

The header file is specified in the C source file; therefore no file needs to be added to
Header Files in the project tree. A header file may be added to Header Files for
convenient viewing of the file, but it is only required that the header file be included in
the C source code to build the project. The required startup module, standard library
and processor library are specified in the linker script, and so no file needs to be added
to Object Files or Library Files in the project tree. If there were other object files or
library files to link in the project, they would be added under these branches.
The MPLINK linker requires a linker script to be specified. Click the right mouse button
on Linker Scripts in the project window, and select Add Files.
FIGURE 3-15:
LINKER SCRIPTS, ADD FILES OPTION
Use the linker script 18f452.lkr in the lkr subdirectory of the MPLAB C18
installation directory. This script is for the PIC18F452 device.
Click Open to add the file to the project tree.
FIGURE 3-16:
DS51295C-page 28
LINKER SCRIPT, ADD FILES DIALOG
Examples of Use
3.3.6
Build the Project
Select Project>Build All to compile and link the project. If there are any error or warning
messages, they will appear in the output window.
FIGURE 3-17:
BUILD ALL OPTION
For this example, the output window should display no errors and a message stating
the output file was successfully built should be visible. If there were any errors, check
to see that the content of the source file matches the program text displayed at the
beginning of 3.3 Example 1.
FIGURE 3-18:
OUTPUT FOR EXAMPLE 1
DS51295C-page 29

3.3.7
Debugging with the MPLAB SIM Simulator
With the MPLAB SIM Simulator, breakpoints can be set in the source code to observe
the value of variables with a watch window. First, make sure that the MPLAB SIM
Simulator is selected as the debugging tool by selecting Debugger>Select
Tool>MPLAB SIM.
FIGURE 3-19:
SELECT DEBUGGER, MPLAB SIM OPTION
Open the source file by double clicking on it in the project tree. In the source file, place
the cursor over the line where the breakpoint is desired to be set, and click the right
mouse button. Select Set Breakpoint.
FIGURE 3-20:
DS51295C-page 30
SET BREAKPOINT OPTION
Examples of Use
The red dot in the gutter along the side of the source window indicates that the
breakpoint has been set and is enabled.
FIGURE 3-21:
BREAKPOINT ENABLED
To open a watch window on the variable counter, select View>Watch.

FIGURE 3-22:
VIEW, WATCH WINDOW OPTION
DS51295C-page 31

Select counter from the menu next to Add Symbol, and click Add Symbol.
FIGURE 3-23:
WATCH WINDOW
Click Run on the toolbar
to run the program.
The program should halt just before the statement at the breakpoint is executed. The
green arrow in the gutter of the source window points to the next statement to be
executed. The watch window should show counter with a value of 1.
FIGURE 3-24:
DS51295C-page 32
WATCH WINDOW COUNTER AT 1
Examples of Use
Click Run again to continue the program. Execution should halt again at the
breakpoint. The watch window should show counter with a value of 2.
FIGURE 3-25:
WATCH WINDOW COUNTER AT 2
To step through the source code one statement at a time, use Step Into on
the toolbar. As each statement executes, the green arrow in the gutter of
the source window moves to the next statement to be executed.
If the program is running, it can be halted by clicking Halt on the toolbar
DS51295C-page 33

3.3.8
Map and Listing Files
The map file (example1.map) and listing file (example1.lst) are present in the
project directory and may be opened by selecting File>Open, and then browsing to the
project directory. These files provide additional information which may be useful in
debugging, such as details of allocation of variables and the correspondence between
machine code and source code. For example, the map file shows that the variable
counter has been allocated to address 0x80 in data memory, and it was defined in
example1.c as a non-static global variable, thus giving it external linkage (visibility to
other modules).
EXAMPLE 3-1: MAP FILE
Name
--------counter
Symbols - Sorted by Address

Address
Location
Storage File
--------- --------- --------- ---------------------------0x00008a
data
extern c:\mcc18\getting_started\example1\example1.c
The listing file shows the machine code generated for each statement the main
function. For each instruction, its address, raw value and disassembly is displayed.
EXAMPLE 3-2:
Address
-------
Value
-------
LISTING FILE
Disassembly
-------------------
0000e2
0000e4
0000e6
0000e8
0000ea
0000ec
0000ee
0000f0
0000f2
0000f4
0000f6
0000f8
0000fa
0000fc
0000fe
000100
000102
00010e
0e01
0100
6f8a
6b8b
6a93
518b
0a00
aee8
d002
358b
d005
0e0f
80d8
558a
0e00
558b
e306
d7ee
MOVLW
MOVLB
MOVWF
CLRF
CLRF
MOVF
XORLW
BTFSS
BRA
RLCF
BRA
MOVLW
BSF
SUBFWB
MOVLW
SUBFWB
BNC
BRA
0x1
0x0
0x8a,0x1
0x8b,0x1
0x93,0x0
0x8b,0x0,0x1
0x0
0xe8,0x7,0x0
0xf8
0x8b,0x0,0x1
0x102
0xf
0xd8,0x0,0x0
0x8a,0x0,0x1
0x0
0x8b,0x0,0x1
0x110
0xec
000104
000106
000108
00010a
00010c
c08a
ff81
2b8a
0e00
238b
MOVFF
0x8a,0xf81
INCF
0x8a,0x1,0x1
MOVLW 0x0
ADDWFC 0x8b,0x1,0x1
000110
0012
RETURN 0x0
Source
---------------------------------------------------------#include <p18cxxx.h> /* for TRISB and PORTB declarations */
int counter;
void main (void)
{
counter = 1;
TRISB = 0;
/* configure PORTB for output */
while (counter <= 15)
{
PORTB = counter;
/* display 'counter' on the LEDs */
counter++;
}
DS51295C-page 34
Examples of Use
3.3.9
Debugging with the MPLAB ICD 2
The MPLAB ICD 2 can be used to actually program the device and step through the
application. To do this, the project must be rebuilt with a linker script designed for use
with the MPLAB ICD 2. In the project window, click the right mouse button on the file
18f452.lkr under Linker Scripts, and click Remove.
FIGURE 3-26:
LINKER SCRIPTS, REMOVE OPTION
Add the linker script file 18f452i.lkr from the lkr subdirectory of the MPLAB C18
installation directory under Linker Scripts in the project tree. This linker script
allocates memory for resources used by the MPLAB ICD 2. The i in the files name
indicates this linker script is for use with the MPLAB ICD 2.
Rebuild the project by selecting Project>Build All.
To use the MPLAB ICD 2, select Debugger>Select Tool>MPLAB ICD 2.
FIGURE 3-27:
SELECT DEBUGGER, MPLAB ICD 2 OPTION
DS51295C-page 35

To connect to the MPLAB ICD 2, choose Debugger>Connect. See the MPLAB ICD 2
documentation for information on how to configure the MPLAB ICD 2 connection
settings.
FIGURE 3-28:
DEBUGGER, CONNECT OPTION
The output window should show that the MPLAB ICD 2 passed its self-test and is ready
to be programmed. If any errors occur, refer to documentation for the MPLAB ICD 2.
FIGURE 3-29:
DS51295C-page 36
MPLAB ICD 2 OUTPUT
Examples of Use
To program the device, select Debugger>Program.
FIGURE 3-30:
Note:
DEBUGGER, PROGRAM OPTION
Programming the device requires reducing the program memory space

available to allow for MPLAB ICD 2 resources, disabling low voltage
programming and disabling the Watchdog Timer. If an MPLAB ICD 2
Warning dialog is received concerning any of these issues, simply click
OK to proceed.
The output window should show that the programming operation succeeded.
FIGURE 3-31:
OUTPUT WINDOW, PROGRAMMING SUCCEEDED
DS51295C-page 37

A breakpoint may be set in the source file as demonstrated for the MPLAB SIM
Simulator. When Run on the toolbar is clicked, the program halts immediately after the
statement where the breakpoint has been executed.
Note:
This is different than the MPLAB SIM Simulator, which halts before the
statement where the breakpoint is executed. The green arrow points to
the next statement to be executed.
FIGURE 3-32:
HALT AT BREAKPOINT
The PORTB register has been assigned the value of 1. The LEDs on the PICDEM 2 Plus
demo board, which are multiplexed with the PORTB pins, should display the binary
representation of 1.
Note:
The J6 connection on the demo board must be jumpered in order to

connect the PORTB pins with the LEDs.
Each time Run on the toolbar is clicked, execution halts after the assignment to
PORTB and the value on the LEDs should reflect the incriminated value of the counter.
DS51295C-page 38
Examples of Use
3.4
EXAMPLE 2
This example is designed for use with the MPLAB IDE v6.xx, the MPLAB ICD 2, the
PICDEM 2 Plus demo board and the PIC18F452 device. It demonstrates the use of the
MPLAB C18 peripheral libraries and the C standard library. It also demonstrates the
allocation of variables into program memory. The program cycles through a list of
strings, each representing a number from 0 to 15. Each string is converted into its
integer representation for display on the LEDs. The program pauses after displaying
each number to give the user an opportunity to observe the LEDs. For this program,
the J6 connection on the PICDEM 2 Plus demo board must be jumpered.
MPLAB C18 places string literals in program memory; therefore, the rom keyword
is required in the declaration of the array string_table. The const keyword
alone will not place the data in program memory; the rom keyword is required.
Since program memory in general cannot be modified without additional
specialized code, the const keyword is appropriate.
_LVP_OFF_4L, respectively). Finally, since this example exclusively uses the
MPLAB ICD 2, background debugging should always be enabled
(_DEBUG_ON_4L). The macros to set the configuration bits are defined in the
processor-specific header file; see the MPLAB C18 C Compiler Users Guide
(DS51288) for details.
The standard C library function atoi, which converts the string to an integer
representation, expects a character pointer located in data memory. However, as
the string literals are in program memory, they must be copied to data memory
first. The function strcpypgm2ram, which is an MPLAB C18 variant of strcpy,
does just that.
The PORTB register, which is connected to the LEDs on the PICDEM 2 demo
board, and the TRISB register, which configures the PORTB pins for input or
output, are declared in the processor-specific header file p18f452.h.
MPLAB C18 provides several functions which provide delays of various lengths,
such as Delay10RTCYx used below. See the header file delays.h for more
details.
DS51295C-page 39

This example can be built and linked in the MPLAB IDE v6.xx and used with the
MPLAB ICD 2 by following the steps in Example 1.
Note:
When compiling with the small code model, MPLAB C18 may emit a
warning about a type qualifier mismatch in an assignment with respect to
the call of strcpypgm2ram. This happens because the second argument
passed to the function is a pointer to near program memory, while the
parameters type in the function prototype is a far program memory
pointer. Since the conversion from a near pointer to a far pointer is always
safe, this warning can be ignored. Alternatively, the warning may be
eliminated by compiling with the large code model (at the expense of
possibly a larger code image). To do this, choose Build Options and then
Project from the Project menu. Select MPLAB C18 and choose
Memory Model from the drop-down menu. Finally, select the large code
model.
FIGURE 3-33:
DS51295C-page 40
MEMORY MODEL OPTION
Examples of Use
FIGURE 3-34:
#include
#include
#include
#include
LARGE CODE MODEL OPTION
<string.h>
<stdlib.h>
<delays.h>
<p18cxxx.h>
/*
/*
/*
/*
for
for
for
for
'strcpypgm2ram'
'atoi'
'Delay10KTCYx'
'PORTB' and 'TRISB'
*/
*/
*/
*/
/* MPLAB C18 places string literals in program memory */

#define STRING_TABLE_SIZE 16
const rom char *string_table[STRING_TABLE_SIZE] =
{ "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7",
"8", "9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15"
};
* - enable background debugging
*/
_CONFIG2L_DEFAULT,
_CONFIG3H_DEFAULT,
_CONFIG4L_DEFAULT & _LVP_OFF_4L & _DEBUG_ON_4L,
_CONFIG5L_DEFAULT,
_CONFIG5H_DEFAULT,
_CONFIG6L_DEFAULT,
_CONFIG6H_DEFAULT,
_CONFIG7L_DEFAULT,
_CONFIG7H_DEFAULT);
#pragma romdata
void main (void)
DS51295C-page 41

{
int index;
int integer;
char string[3];
PORTB = 0;
TRISB = 0;
/* configure all PORTB pins for output */
for (index = 0; index < STRING_TABLE_SIZE; index++)

{
/* copy the string from program memory to data memory for 'atoi' */
strcpypgm2ram (string, string_table[index]);
/* get the numbers integer representation from its
string representation */
integer = atoi (string);
PORTB = integer;
/* output the value to the LEDs */
Delay10KTCYx (255); /* pause for a moment (255 * 10,000 cycles) */
}
}
DS51295C-page 42
Examples of Use
3.5
EXAMPLE 3
Beginning with v2.30, MPLAB C18 supports the PIC18 devices Extended mode, which
is targeted toward smaller code size for reentrant code; however, not all PIC18 devices
support the Extended mode. See the device data sheet for more details and other
implications.
This example is designed for use with the MPLAB IDE v6.xx, the MPLAB ICD 2, the
PICDEM 2 Plus demo board and the PIC18F4620 device. This example builds on
Example 2 and demonstrates some of the differences between Extended and
Non-extended mode.
3.5.1
Selecting the Processor
This example will utilize the PIC18F4620 device as the target processor. Steps to
select the target processor can be found in Example 1.
3.5.2
Utilizing the Extended Mode
MPLAB C18, by default, operates in Non-extended mode and it generates code that
will work on a device operating in Non-extended mode. This default behavior can be
changed with the command-line option --extended. To make this change, choose
Project>Build Options>Project and click on the MPLAB C18 tab. Then, click in the
Alternate Settings checkbox to enable the text area below the checkbox. Type a space
followed by --extended. Click OK.
FIGURE 3-35:
DS51295C-page 43

FIGURE 3-36:
ALTERNATE SETTINGS FOR EXTENDED MODE
Up to four different types of linker scripts are distributed with the MPLAB C18 C
compiler for each processor. These linker scripts are different from those distributed
with the MPLAB IDE in that they automatically link in the compiler startup code and
libraries, as well as setting aside a stack area. The four linker scripts distributed for the
PIC18F4620 processor are:
18f4620.lkr
18f4620i.lkr
For use with applications compiled in Non-extended mode.

For use with applications compiled in Non-extended mode and being
debugged with the MPLAB ICD 2. The i represents that this linker
script allocates memory for resources used by the MPLAB ICD 2.
18f4620_e.lkr
For use with applications compiled in Extended mode.
18f4620i_e.lkr For use with applications compiled in Extended mode and being
debugged with the MPLAB ICD 2. The i represents that this linker
script allocates memory for resources used by the MPLAB ICD 2.
DS51295C-page 44
Examples of Use
For this portion of the example, the 18f4620i_e.lkr must be added to the project
files of the MPLAB IDE project. See Section 3.3 Example 1 for information on how
to add files to a project.
Next, the __EXTENDED18__ predefined macro will be utilized to set up the configuration words. The following will replace the CONFIG section of Example 2:
/* Configuration bit settings for use with ICD2 / PICDEM2 PLUS Demo Board:
* - set the HS oscillator (for the crystal)
* - disable watchdog timer and low-voltage programming (0 for disable)
* - enable background debugging (0 for enable)
* - for extended mode compilation, enable extended mode (1 for enable)
*/
#define CONFIG1H_DEFAULT 0x07 /* default value for configuration byte 1H */
#define HS_OSC
0x02
/* setting for HS oscillator */
#define CONFIG2H_DEFAULT 0x1F /* default value for configuration byte 2H */
#define WDT_BIT
0x01
/* enables/disables watchdog timer */
#define
#define
#define
#define
CONFIG4L_DEFAULT 0x85 /* default value for configuration byte 4L */

DEBUG_BIT 0x80
/* disables/enables background debugging */
XINST_BIT 0x40
/* enables/disables extended mode */
LVP_BIT
0x04
/* enables/disables low-voltage programming */
#pragma romdata CONFIG1H=0x300001

const rom unsigned char config1H = CONFIG1H_DEFAULT & HS_OSC;
#pragma romdata CONFIG2H=0x300003
const rom unsigned char config2H = CONFIG2H_DEFAULT & ~WDT_BIT;
#pragma romdata CONFIG4L=0x300006
#ifdef __EXTENDED18__
const rom unsigned char config4L =
(CONFIG4L_DEFAULT | XINST_BIT) & ~LVP_BIT & ~DEBUG_BIT;
#else
const rom unsigned char config4L =
CONFIG4L_DEFAULT & ~LVP_BIT & ~DEBUG_BIT;
#endif
#pragma romdata
The above code will enable the Extended mode instructions when compiling in the
Extended mode, and disable the Extended mode instructions when compiling in
Non-extended mode.
DS51295C-page 45

3.5.3
Utilizing the Non-extended Mode
To change the above example from Extended mode to Non-extended mode, the
following steps must occur:
1. Disable Extended mode. Choose Project>Build Options>Project and click on the
MPLAB C18 tab. Then, if the Alternate Settings checkbox has a check in it,
remove the --extended from the Alternate Settings text box and clear the
checkbox by clicking on it. Click OK.
FIGURE 3-37:
ALTERNATE SETTINGS FOR NON-EXTENDED MODE
2. Remove the Extended mode, MPLAB ICD 2 linker script (18f4620i_e.lkr)

from the MPLAB IDE project.
3. Add the Non-extended mode, MPLAB ICD 2 linker script (18f4620i.lkr) to the
MPLAB IDE project.
DS51295C-page 46
Examples of Use
3.6
EXAMPLE 4
This example is designed for use with the MPLAB IDE v6.xx, the MPLAB SIM simulator
and the PIC18F452 device. It demonstrates the allocation of variables in access RAM.
For each value from 0 to 99, the program finds the square root of the value with the
fractional part truncated. It then squares this root to obtain the greatest perfect square
less than or equal to the original value.
The square root function is implemented as a table in program memory. This has
several advantages. If the table were in data memory, it would need to be copied
from program memory to data memory at program initialization. Locating the table
in program memory also saves data memory space. Finally, the code associated
with calculating the square root at runtime may occupy more program memory
than a table when the domain of the function is small.
Data located in access RAM does not require the BSR register to be loaded, thus
resulting in fewer instructions. The variables root and square are located in an
access RAM section named MY_ACS_DATA. The type qualifier near must be
used to ensure that MPLAB C18 knows bank selection is not required for these
objects.
This example can be built and linked in the MPLAB IDE v6.xx and used with the MPLAB
SIM simulator by following the steps in Example 1.
MPLAB C18, by default, assumes all statically allocated data objects, unless explicitly
specified with the near type qualifier, reside in banked (non-access) RAM. This default
behavior can be changed with the command-line option Oa+. To make this change,
choose Project>Build Options>Project.
FIGURE 3-38:
DS51295C-page 47

Select the tab labeled MPLAB C18 and choose Memory Model from the drop-down
menu.
FIGURE 3-39:
DS51295C-page 48
MEMORY MODEL OPTION
Examples of Use
Finally, select the small data model to tell MPLAB C18 that statically allocated data
objects without an explicit near or far qualifier are located in access RAM. See the
MPLAB C18 C Compiler Users Guide (DS51288) for details on access and banked
(non-access) RAM. Click OK.
FIGURE 3-40:
SMALL DATA MODE OPTION
DS51295C-page 49

#include <p18f452.h>
/* for 'PRODL' declaration and 'ACCESS' macro */
/*
* Locate the read-only table in program memory at address 0x1000.
* 'romdata' is used for data, and 'code' is used for instructions.
*/
#pragma romdata ROOT_TABLE = 0x1000
#define TABLE_SIZE 100
const rom unsigned char roots[TABLE_SIZE] =
{ 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3,
3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4,
4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,
5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6,
6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7,
7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7,
7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8,
8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8,
8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9 };
/*
* Data in access ram does not require banking.
* When compiled with -Oa, these pragmas and the near qualifier
* may be removed.
*/
#pragma udata access MY_ACS_DATA
near unsigned char root, square;
#pragma udata /* continue allocating static data in non-access ram */
/*
* Returns the truncated root of the value.
*/
unsigned char get_root (int val)
{
return roots[val];
}
void main (void)
{
static int val;
for (val = 0; val < TABLE_SIZE; val++)
{
/* 'square' holds the greatest perfect square less than or
equal to 'val' */
square = get_root (val);
}
}
Note:
DS51295C-page 50
When compiling this example with static data in access RAM by default,
the udata pragmas surrounding the declarations of root and square may
be removed, as well as the near type qualifier.
Examples of Use
3.7
EXAMPLE 5
This example is designed for use with the MPLAB ICD 2, the PICDEM 2 Plus demo
board, the MPLAB IDE v6.xx and the PIC18F452 device. It demonstrates the use of
interrupt service routines with MPLAB C18. It also provides an example of the use of
the MPLAB C18 peripheral libraries. For this program, the J6 jumper on the demo
board must be removed in order to disconnect the PORTB pins from the LEDs.
This program generates the Piezo buzzer of the PICDEM 2 Plus demo board. The
user may disable the buzzer by pressing the S3 button. The buzzer may be
reactivated by pressing the button again.
The S3 button is connected to the INT0 pin, which is associated with the INT0
external interrupt. This interrupt is a high priority interrupt, and so will always
trigger a branch to program memory address 0x8. Located at this address is the
interrupt service routine (high_ISR), which branches to the procedure that turns
the buzzer either off or on.
_LVP_OFF_4L, respectively). Finally, since this example exclusively uses the
MPLAB ICD 2, background debugging should always be enabled
(_DEBUG_ON_4L). The macros to set the configuration bits are defined in the
processor-specific header file; see the MPLAB C18 C Compiler Users Guide
(DS51288) for details.
toggle_buzzer is declared as a high priority interrupt routine. This means the
WREG, BSR and STATUS registers will be saved and restored via their shadow
registers without explicit instructions upon interrupt routine entry and exit.
Additionally, upon return, the GIEH bit in the INTCON register will be set, which
was cleared when the interrupt was triggered. Refer to the PIC18FXX2 Data
Sheet (DS39564) for details on interrupt logic.
This example can be built and linked in the MPLAB IDE v6.xx and used with the MPLAB
ICD 2 by following the steps in Example 1.
#include <p18f452.h>
#include <portb.h>
/* for the special function register declarations */

/* for the RB0/INT0 interrupt */
* - enable background debugging
*/
_CONFIG2L_DEFAULT,
_CONFIG3H_DEFAULT,
_CONFIG4L_DEFAULT & _LVP_OFF_4L & _DEBUG_ON_4L,
_CONFIG5L_DEFAULT,
_CONFIG5H_DEFAULT,
_CONFIG6L_DEFAULT,
_CONFIG6H_DEFAULT,
_CONFIG7L_DEFAULT,
_CONFIG7H_DEFAULT);
#pragma romdata
DS51295C-page 51

/*
* For high interrupts, control is transferred to address 0x8.
*/
void toggle_buzzer (void); /* prototype needed for 'goto' below */
#pragma code HIGH_INTERRUPT_VECTOR = 0x8
void high_ISR (void)
{
_asm
goto toggle_buzzer
_endasm
}
#pragma code /* allow the linker to locate the remaining code */
/*
* If the buzzer is on, turn it off. If it is off, turn it on.
*/
#pragma interrupt toggle_buzzer
void toggle_buzzer (void)
{
CCP1CON = ~CCP1CON & 0x0F;
/* turn the buzzer off or on */
INTCONbits.INT0IF = 0;
/* clear flag to avoid another interrupt */
}
void EnableHighInterrupts (void)

{
RCONbits.IPEN = 1;
INTCONbits.GIEH = 1;
/* enable interrupt priority levels */

/* enable all high priority interrupts */
void InitializeBuzzer (void)

{
T2CON = 0x05;
/*
TRISCbits.TRISC2 = 0; /*
PR2 = 0x80;
/*
CCPR1L = 0x80;
/*
}
postscale 1:1, Timer2 ON, prescaler 4 */

configure the CCP1 module for the buzzer */
initialize the PWM period */
initialize the PWM duty cycle */
void SoundBuzzer (void)

{
CCP1CON = 0x0F;
/* turn the buzzer on */
while (1);
/* wait for the S3 button to be pressed */
}
void main (void)

{
EnableHighInterrupts ( );
InitializeBuzzer ( );
OpenRB0INT (PORTB_CHANGE_INT_ON & /* enable the RB0/INT0 interrupt */
PORTB_PULLUPS_ON &
/* configure the RB0 pin for input */
FALLING_EDGE_INT);
/* trigger interrupt upon S3 button
depression */
SoundBuzzer ( );
}
DS51295C-page 52

GETTING STARTED
Glossary
A
Absolute Section
A section with a fixed address that cannot be changed by the linker.
Access Memory
Special general purpose registers on the PIC18 PICmicro microcontrollers that allow
access regardless of the setting of the Bank Select Register (BSR).
Address
The code that identifies where a piece of information is stored in memory.
Anonymous Structure
An unnamed object.
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
Assembler
A language tool that translates assembly source code into machine code.
Assembly
A symbolic language that describes the binary machine code in a readable form.
Assigned Section
A section that has been assigned to a target memory block in the linker command file.
Asynchronously
Multiple events that do not occur at the same time. This is generally used to refer to
interrupts that may occur at any time during processor execution.
B
Binary
The base two numbering system that uses the digits 0-1. The right-most digit counts
ones, the next counts multiples of 2, then 22 = 4, etc.
C
Central Processing Unit
The part of a device that is responsible for fetching the correct instruction for execution,
decoding that instruction and then executing that instruction. When necessary, it works
in conjunction with the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) to complete the execution of the
instruction. It controls the program memory address bus, the data memory address bus
and accesses to the stack.
Compiler
A program that translates a source file written in a high-level language into machine
code.
DS51295C-page 53

Conditional Compilation
The act of compiling a program fragment only if a certain constant expression, specified
by a preprocessor directive, is true.
CPU
Central Processing Unit
E
endianness
The ordering of bytes in a multi-byte object.
Error File
A file containing the diagnostics generated by the MPLAB C18.
Extended Mode
In Extended mode, the compiler will utilize the extended instructions (i.e., ADDFSR,
ADDULNK, CALLW, MOVSF, MOVSS, PUSHL, SUBFSR and SUBULNK) and the indexed
with literal offset addressing.
F
Fatal Error
An error that will halt compilation immediately. No further messages will be produced.
Frame Pointer
A pointer that references the location on the stack that separates the stack-based
arguments from the stack-based local variables.
Free-standing
An implementation that accepts any strictly conforming program that does not use
complex types and in which the use of the features specified in the library clause (ANSI
89 standard clause 7) are confined to the contents of the standard headers
<float.h>, <iso646.h>, <limits.h>, <stdarg.h>, <stdbool.h>, <stddef.h> and <stdint.h>.
H
Hexadecimal
The base 16 numbering system that uses the digits 0-9 plus the letters A-F (or a-f).
The digits A-F represent decimal values of 10 to 15. The right-most digit counts ones,
the next counts multiples of 16, then 162 = 256, etc.
High-level Language
A language for writing programs that is further removed from the processor than
assembly.
I
ICD
In-Circuit Debugger
ICE
In-Circuit Emulator
IDE
Integrated Development Environment
DS51295C-page 54
Glossary
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Interrupt
A signal to the CPU that suspends the execution of a running application and transfers
control to an ISR so that the event may be processed. Upon completion of the ISR,
normal execution of the application resumes.
Interrupt Service Routine
A function that handles an interrupt.
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
ISR
Interrupt Service Routine
L
Latency
The time between when an event occurs and the response to it.
Librarian
A program that creates and manipulates libraries.
Library
A collection of relocatable object modules.
Linker
A program that combines object files and libraries to create executable code.
Little Endian
Within a given object, the least significant byte is stored at lower addresses.
M
Memory Model
A description that specifies the size of pointers that point to program memory.
Microcontroller
A highly integrated chip that contains a CPU, RAM, some form of ROM, I/O ports and
timers.
MPASM Assembler
Microchip Technology's relocatable macro assembler for PICmicro microcontroller
families.
MPLIB Object Librarian
Microchip Technology's librarian for PICmicro microcontroller families.
MPLINK Object Linker
Microchip Technology's linker for PICmicro microcontroller families.
N
Non-extended Mode
In Non-extended mode, the compiler will not utilize the extended instructions nor the
indexed with literal offset addressing.
DS51295C-page 55

O
Object File
A file containing object code. It may be immediately executable or it may require linking
with other object code files (e.g., libraries), to produce a complete executable program.
Object Code
The machine code generated by an assembler or compiler.
Octal
The base 8 number system that only uses the digits 0-7. The right-most digit counts
ones, the next digit counts multiples of 8, then 82 = 64, etc.
P
Pragma
A directive that has meaning to a specific compiler.
R
RAM
Random Access Memory
Random Access Memory
A memory device in which information can be accessed in any order.
Read Only Memory
Memory hardware that allows fast access to permanently stored data but prevents
addition to or modification of the data.
ROM
Read Only Memory
Recursive
Self-referential (e.g., a function that calls itself).
Reentrant
A function that may have multiple, simultaneously active instances. This may happen
due to either direct or indirect recursion or through execution during interrupt
processing.
Relocatable
An object whose address has not been assigned to a fixed memory location.
Run-time Model
Set of assumptions under which the compiler operates.
S
Section
A portion of an application located at a specific address of memory.
Section Attribute
A characteristic ascribed to a section (e.g., an access section).
Special Function Register
Registers that control I/O processor functions, I/O status, timers or other modes or
peripherals.
DS51295C-page 56
Glossary
Storage Class
Determines the lifetime of the memory associated with the identified object.
Storage Qualifier
Indicates special properties of the objects being declared (e.g., const).
V
Vector
The memory locations that an application will jump to when either a reset or interrupt
occurs.
DS51295C-page 57

NOTES:
DS51295C-page 58

GETTING STARTED
Index
Symbols
__EXTENDED18__ ................................................. 45
New Project.............................................................. 21
Non-extended Mode.............................. 1, 9, 19, 44, 46
A
Access RAM ...................................................1, 19, 47
Add Files to Project .................................................. 27
B
Breakpoint .....................................................30, 32, 38
Build Options............................................................ 26
Build Project ............................................................. 29
C
COD ........................................................................... 9
Customer Notification Service.................................... 5
Customer Support ...................................................... 6
D
Directory................................................................... 12
Directory Contents ..................................................... 8
Documentation Conventions ...................................... 2
E
Electronic Documentation ........................................ 14
Examples .................................8, 14, 20, 39, 43, 47, 51
Extended Mode ..................................... 1, 9, 19, 43, 45
P
Paths ........................................................................ 25
Project Paths............................................................ 25
Project Settings ........................................................ 22
Project Tree.............................................................. 21
R
README File ............................................................. 3
Readme File............................................................. 12
References................................................................. 3
Run-time Model........................................................ 19
S
Select Device ........................................................... 21
Select Language Toolsuite....................................... 22
System Requirements................................................ 7
T
Troubleshooting ......................................................... 4
U
Uninstalling MPLAB C18.......................................... 17
HEX............................................................................ 9
Watch Window ................................................... 3133
I
Installing MPLAB C18 .............................................. 11
Interrupt Service Routine ................................1, 19, 51
Interrupt Service Routine ......................................... 55
L
Language Tools ....................................................9, 22
Libraries ............................................................3, 8, 14
Linker Scripts ............................................ 8, 14, 28, 35
Listing Files .............................................................. 34
Little Endian ............................................................. 55
M
Map Files ................................................................. 34
MCC_INCLUDE ....................................................... 16
Memory Model ......................................................... 48
Microchip Web Site .................................................... 4
MPLAB ICD 2........................................................... 35
MPLAB SIM Simulator ............................................. 30
DS51295C-page 59
WORLDWIDE SALES AND SERVICE

AMERICAS
Corporate Office
2355 West Chandler Blvd.
Chandler, AZ 85224-6199
Tel: 480-792-7200
Fax: 480-792-7277
Technical Support: 480-792-7627
Web Address: http://www.microchip.com
China - Beijing
Korea
Unit 706B
Wan Tai Bei Hai Bldg.
No. 6 Chaoyangmen Bei Str.
Beijing, 100027, China
Tel: 86-10-85282100
Fax: 86-10-85282104
168-1, Youngbo Bldg. 3 Floor

Samsung-Dong, Kangnam-Ku
Seoul, Korea 135-882
Tel: 82-2-554-7200 Fax: 82-2-558-5932 or
82-2-558-5934
China - Chengdu
200 Middle Road

#07-02 Prime Centre
Singapore, 188980
Tel: 65-6334-8870 Fax: 65-6334-8850
3780 Mansell Road, Suite 130

Alpharetta, GA 30022
Tel: 770-640-0034
Fax: 770-640-0307
Rm. 2401-2402, 24th Floor,

Ming Xing Financial Tower
No. 88 TIDU Street
Chengdu 610016, China
Tel: 86-28-86766200
Fax: 86-28-86766599
Boston
China - Fuzhou
2 Lan Drive, Suite 120

Westford, MA 01886
Tel: 978-692-3848
Fax: 978-692-3821
Unit 28F, World Trade Plaza

No. 71 Wusi Road
Fuzhou 350001, China
Tel: 86-591-7503506
Fax: 86-591-7503521
Atlanta
Chicago
333 Pierce Road, Suite 180
Itasca, IL 60143
Tel: 630-285-0071
Fax: 630-285-0075
Dallas
4570 Westgrove Drive, Suite 160
Addison, TX 75001
Tel: 972-818-7423
Fax: 972-818-2924
Detroit
Tri-Atria Office Building
32255 Northwestern Highway, Suite 190
Farmington Hills, MI 48334
Tel: 248-538-2250
Fax: 248-538-2260
Kokomo
2767 S. Albright Road
Kokomo, IN 46902
Tel: 765-864-8360
Fax: 765-864-8387
Los Angeles
18201 Von Karman, Suite 1090
Irvine, CA 92612
Tel: 949-263-1888
Fax: 949-263-1338
San Jose
1300 Terra Bella Avenue
Mountain View, CA 94043
Tel: 650-215-1444
Fax: 650-961-0286
Toronto
6285 Northam Drive, Suite 108
Mississauga, Ontario L4V 1X5, Canada
Tel: 905-673-0699
Fax: 905-673-6509
ASIA/PACIFIC
Australia
Suite 22, 41 Rawson Street
Epping 2121, NSW
Australia
Tel: 61-2-9868-6733
Fax: 61-2-9868-6755
China - Hong Kong SAR

Unit 901-6, Tower 2, Metroplaza
223 Hing Fong Road
Kwai Fong, N.T., Hong Kong
Tel: 852-2401-1200
Fax: 852-2401-3431
Singapore
Taiwan
Kaohsiung Branch
30F - 1 No. 8
Min Chuan 2nd Road
Kaohsiung 806, Taiwan
Tel: 886-7-536-4818
Fax: 886-7-536-4803
Taiwan
Taiwan Branch
11F-3, No. 207
Tung Hua North Road
Taipei, 105, Taiwan
Tel: 886-2-2717-7175 Fax: 886-2-2545-0139
EUROPE
China - Shanghai
Austria
Room 701, Bldg. B

Far East International Plaza
No. 317 Xian Xia Road
Shanghai, 200051
Tel: 86-21-6275-5700
Fax: 86-21-6275-5060
Durisolstrasse 2
A-4600 Wels
Austria
Tel: 43-7242-2244-399
Fax: 43-7242-2244-393
Denmark
China - Shenzhen
Regus Business Centre

Lautrup hoj 1-3
Ballerup DK-2750 Denmark
Tel: 45-4420-9895 Fax: 45-4420-9910
Rm. 1812, 18/F, Building A, United Plaza

No. 5022 Binhe Road, Futian District
Shenzhen 518033, China
Tel: 86-755-82901380
Fax: 86-755-8295-1393
China - Shunde
Room 401, Hongjian Building, No. 2
Fengxiangnan Road, Ronggui Town, Shunde
District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528303, China
Tel: 86-757-28395507 Fax: 86-757-28395571
China - Qingdao
Rm. B505A, Fullhope Plaza,
No. 12 Hong Kong Central Rd.
Qingdao 266071, China
Tel: 86-532-5027355 Fax: 86-532-5027205
India
Divyasree Chambers
1 Floor, Wing A (A3/A4)
No. 11, OShaugnessey Road
Bangalore, 560 025, India
Tel: 91-80-22290061 Fax: 91-80-22290062
Japan
Benex S-1 6F
3-18-20, Shinyokohama
Kohoku-Ku, Yokohama-shi
Kanagawa, 222-0033, Japan
Tel: 81-45-471- 6166 Fax: 81-45-471-6122
France
Parc dActivite du Moulin de Massy
43 Rue du Saule Trapu
Batiment A - ler Etage
91300 Massy, France
Tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20
Fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79
Germany
Steinheilstrasse 10
D-85737 Ismaning, Germany
Tel: 49-89-627-144-0
Fax: 49-89-627-144-44
Italy
Via Quasimodo, 12
20025 Legnano (MI)
Milan, Italy
Tel: 39-0331-742611
Fax: 39-0331-466781
Netherlands
P. A. De Biesbosch 14
NL-5152 SC Drunen, Netherlands
Tel: 31-416-690399
Fax: 31-416-690340
United Kingdom
505 Eskdale Road
Winnersh Triangle
Wokingham
Berkshire, England RG41 5TU
Tel: 44-118-921-5869
Fax: 44-118-921-5820
02/17/04
DS51295C-page 60

c18 Getting Started

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MPLAB C18

2004 Microchip Technology Inc.

Information contained in this publication regarding device

Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2002 quality system certification for

2004 Microchip Technology Inc.

MPLAB C18 COMPILER

Chapter 3. Examples of Use

2004 Microchip Technology Inc.

MPLAB C18 Compiler Getting Started

2004 Microchip Technology Inc.

MPLAB C18 C COMPILER

About This Guide

ABOUT THIS GUIDE

2004 Microchip Technology Inc.

MPLAB C18 C Compiler Getting Started

Conventions Used in this Guide

Code (Courier font):

Documentation Numbering Conventions

The document number.

The revision level of the document.

2004 Microchip Technology Inc.

2004 Microchip Technology Inc.

MPLAB C18 C Compiler Getting Started

Other Available Information

2004 Microchip Technology Inc.

Here is a description of these categories:

2004 Microchip Technology Inc.

MPLAB C18 C Compiler Getting Started

Customers should call their distributor, representative or field application engineer

2004 Microchip Technology Inc.

MPLAB C18 C COMPILER

2004 Microchip Technology Inc.

MPLAB C18 C Compiler Getting Started

QUICK DIRECTORY TOUR

MPLAB C18 SUBDIRECTORY DESCRIPTIONS

Contains the MPLAB C18 electronic documentation. Refer to these

Contains sample applications to help users get started using

Contains the standard C library (clib.lib or clib_e,lib), the

Contains the linker script files.

Contains the command-line version of the MPASM assembler, the

2004 Microchip Technology Inc.

ABOUT THE LANGUAGE TOOLS

MPLAB C18, MPASM ASSEMBLER AND MPLINK LINKER

This is the compiler shell. It takes as input a C file (i.e., file.c)

This is the Extended mode compiler executable. It is invoked by

mcc18-traditional.exe This is the Non-extended mode compiler executable. It is

This is the C preprocessor.

This is the linker. It takes as input a linker script

This is the COFF to COD file converter. The COD file is a

This is the librarian. It allows for the creation and management

2004 Microchip Technology Inc.

MPLAB C18 C Compiler Getting Started

MPLAB C18, MPASM ASSEMBLER AND MPLINK LINKER

LANGUAGE TOOLS EXECUTION FLOW

2004 Microchip Technology Inc.

MPLAB C18 C COMPILER

INSTALLING MPLAB C18

MPLAB C18 WELCOME SCREEN

Click Next to continue.

2004 Microchip Technology Inc.