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Pipe Stress Requirement (Dynamic Analysis)

Modal analysis will be performed to determine the natural frequencies of the vent stack line piping system. This is essential to determine appropriate pipe support spacing and avoid detrimental vibrations. International standards recommend the lowest natural frequency be at least 4-5 Hz. Harmonic, response spectrum, and time history analyses are not applicable as exceptional dynamic loads are not expected for this system.

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Naveen Rao
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368 views6 pages

Pipe Stress Requirement (Dynamic Analysis)

Modal analysis will be performed to determine the natural frequencies of the vent stack line piping system. This is essential to determine appropriate pipe support spacing and avoid detrimental vibrations. International standards recommend the lowest natural frequency be at least 4-5 Hz. Harmonic, response spectrum, and time history analyses are not applicable as exceptional dynamic loads are not expected for this system.

Uploaded by

Naveen Rao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as XLSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Technical Description

Reference
Pipe Stress Engineering
Liang-Chuan (L.C.) Peng and
Tsen-Loong (Alvin) Peng
Peng Engineering, Houston,
Texas, USA

Dynamic Analysis requirment for Vent Stack Line


Reference: RECOMMENDED PRACTICE DET
NORSKE VERITAS DNV-RP-D101
Types of Dynamic Analysis:
Dynamic analysis of piping systems consists of:
Modal Analysis
Harmonic Analysis
Response Spectrum Analysis
Time History Analysis.
Types of Dynamic Analysis:
Modal Analysis
Modal Analysis is carried out in order to find the piping natural
frequencies and the associated mode shapes. A piping system
consists of elastic components (pipes, bends, tees, spring supports
etc.) and uneven distributed masses (varying pipe sizes
and fittings, valves, flanges and other rigid components). Once
displaced from static equilibrium, the system will oscillate at a
combination of the mode shapes, each vibrating at the associated
frequency.
Finding the piping systems natural frequencies are essential in
order to determine the size of Dynamic Load Factors (DLF)
and to determine the correct pipe-support spacing in order to
avoid detrimental vibrations caused by internal flow, pressure
transients, and vortex shedding oscillations from wind or sea
currents passing over the piping.
Modal analysis of a static model is usually not time consuming
and should therefore be carried out to determine the lowest natural
frequency of the system. A typical system supported in
accordance with a good pipe support standard should result in
a lowest natural frequency not less than 4 to 5 Hz.
It is necessary to carry out Modal Analysis prior to other
dynamic analysis such as Harmonic Analysis, Response Spectrum
Analysis and Time History Analysis as these all use the
piping natural frequencies obtained through the Modal Analysis.
When performing modal analysis it is very important how
the piping calculation model is build up. One can get very dissimilar
results depending on the model details, and generally it
is required to add more intermediate data points to obtain correct
distribution of the masses.
Harmonic Analysis
Harmonic analysis determines the steady-state response of a

linear structure to loads that vary sinusoidal with time such as


slugs from piston driven pumps. These loads are modelled as
displacements (or concentrated forces) at one or more points in
the system. If the system will see multiple loads, the stress
engineer will use phase angels to differentiate the loads from
each other. Through the use of Harmonic Analysis on relevant
piping systems, the stress engineer may sort out the maximum
dynamic loads, stresses and deflections (amplitudes) that the
system will see.
Response Spectrum Analysis
Response spectrum analysis may be used to account for exceptional
loads such as earthquake. Prior to the response spectrum
analysis a modal analysis has to be performed in order to
obtain the natural frequencies for the individual modes of
vibration. The maximum responses in each mode can be
obtained using the response spectrum. The individual maximum
modal responses are combined to obtain an estimate of
the maximum piping system response.
Response spectrum analysis will often result in lower loads
and hence a design that requires less steelwork than obtained
from quasi-static analysis. This is because piping engineers in
quasi-static analysis will use the maximum accelerations from
the project Design Basis for all piping systems analysed
rather than the actual value that can be extracted from the
acceleration /frequency curve (response spectra curve) based
on the systems natural frequencies.
Time History Analysis
Time History Analysis is used when the stress engineer wants
to study the dynamic impact from time-dependent loads such
as firing of a pressure safety valve, fast closing of an ESD
valve or an uncontrolled start-up or break down of a pump. The
latter phenomena are also referred to as fluid hammer and
surge.
Earthquake and blast (hydrocarbon explosion) analysis can
also be carried out by use of Time History Analysis. This may
lead to much lower pipe-support reaction forces and stresses
and deflections in the piping systems than obtained by quasistatic
analysis. The reason is again that pipe stress engineers
performing quasi-static analysis normally use conservative
Dynamic Load Factors in the order 1.5-2.0.

Remark
This analysis will be
performed to check the
piping natural frequency.
Accordingly mitigation will be
taken to achieve natural
frequency as recommended
by International Standard:
RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
DET NORSKE VERITAS
DNV-RP-D101 which not less
than 4 to 5 Hz

Not Applicable/Not occur nor


expected during the Process

Not Applicable/Not occur nor


expected during the Process

Not Applicable/Not occur nor


expected during the Process

Not Applicable/Not occur nor


expected during the Process

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