Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 70 views

    Estimating Infiltration in Flow

    Uploaded by

    Shepherd Nhanga
    The document provides guidance for estimating infiltration and inflow (I&I) for annual NPDES reporting requirements. It defines infiltration and inflow and provides methods for calculating maximum daily, weekly, and monthly infiltration and inflow. It also provides metrics for determining if infiltration and inflow levels are excessive based on gallons per person per day or gallons per day per inch diameter per mile of pipe. The document notes that reducing I&I can help avoid costly treatment plant upgrades when facilities are nearing capacity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Estimating Infiltration in Flow

    Uploaded by

    Shepherd Nhanga
    70 views3 pages
    The document provides guidance for estimating infiltration and inflow (I&I) for annual NPDES reporting requirements. It defines infiltration and inflow and provides methods for calculating maximum daily, weekly, and monthly infiltration and inflow. It also provides metrics for determining if infiltration and inflow levels are excessive based on gallons per person per day or gallons per day per inch diameter per mile of pipe. The document notes that reducing I&I can help avoid costly treatment plant upgrades when facilities are nearing capacity.

    Original Description:

    Estimating Infiltration in Flow

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document provides guidance for estimating infiltration and inflow (I&I) for annual NPDES reporting requirements. It defines infiltration and inflow and provides methods for calculating maximum daily, weekly, and monthly infiltration and inflow. It also provides metrics for determining if infiltration and inflow levels are excessive based on gallons per person per day or gallons per day per inch diameter per mile of pipe. The document notes that reducing I&I can help avoid costly treatment plant upgrades when facilities are nearing capacity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    70 views3 pages

    Estimating Infiltration in Flow

    Uploaded by

    Shepherd Nhanga
    The document provides guidance for estimating infiltration and inflow (I&I) for annual NPDES reporting requirements. It defines infiltration and inflow and provides methods for calculating maximum daily, weekly, and monthly infiltration and inflow. It also provides metrics for determining if infiltration and inflow levels are excessive based on gallons per person per day or gallons per day per inch diameter per mile of pipe. The document notes that reducing I&I can help avoid costly treatment plant upgrades when facilities are nearing capacity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    EPA New England Water Infrastructure Outreach provides tools, examples, and technical assistance for water infrastructure

    operators and
    managers, local officials, and other decision-makers for more effective and sustainable water infrastructure management. For more information
    see http://www.epa.gov/region1/sso/toolbox.html

    Quick Guide for Estimating Infiltration and Inflow

    June 2014

    For Region 1 NPDES Annual Reporting


    Addressing Permit Requirements to:
    Submit a calculation of the annual infiltration and inflow (I&I), maximum daily, weekly, and monthly
    infiltration and the maximum daily, weekly, and monthly inflow for the reporting year. For further details
    on Infiltration and Inflow, see Guide for Estimating Infiltration and Inflow.

    Definitions
    Infiltration
    Groundwater that infiltrates a sewer system through defective pipes, pipe joints, connections, or
    manholes. Infiltration does not include, and is distinguished from inflow. Infiltration is generally
    measured during seasonally high ground water conditions, during a dry period.

    Inflow
    Water other than sanitary flow that enters a sewer system from sources which include, but are not
    limited to, roof leaders, cellar drains, yard drains, area drains, drains from wet areas, cross connections
    between storm sewers and sanitary sewers, catch basins, cooling towers, stormwater, surface runoff
    (including leaking manhole covers), street wash-water, or drainage. Inflow does not include, and is
    distinguished from infiltration. Inflow is generally measured during wet weather.
    Estimations for reporting:
    Term

    Definition or How to Calculate

    Average Dry Weather


    (ADW) flow
    Groundwater
    Infiltration (GWI)
    Groundwater
    Infiltration (GWI)
    Maximum Daily
    Infiltration
    Maximum Weekly
    Infiltration
    Maximum Monthly
    Infiltration

    Use highest 7 to 14 day average per day flow without precipitation and during
    high seasonal groundwater. Includes domestic wastewater and infiltration.
    During ADW flow period, average the low nighttime flows (midnight to 6am) per
    day for the same time period, minus significant industrial or commercial flows.
    Subtract GWI from ADW flow.
    Subtract BSF from highest daily flow after a dry period of three days or more
    during high seasonal groundwater.
    Subtract BSF from highest 7 day average flow after a dry period of three days or
    more during high seasonal groundwater.
    Subtract BSF from highest monthly flow during dry or minimal rain period
    during high seasonal groundwater.

    Maximum Daily
    Inflow
    Maximum Weekly
    Inflow (includes
    delayed inflow)
    Maximum Monthly
    Inflow
    Maximum Monthly
    Infiltration and Inflow
    Average Annual Flow
    Average Annual
    Infiltration and Inflow
    Average Annual
    Infiltration
    Average Annual
    Inflow
    Average Wet Weather
    Flow (Average WWF)
    Peak Hourly Wet
    Weather Flow (Peak
    WWF)

    Measured during wet weather. Determine infiltration rate for dry period
    preceding rain event. Subtract BSF plus infiltration rate from the highest daily
    flow during the event.
    Determine infiltration rate for dry period preceding rain event(s).
    Subtract BSF plus infiltration from the highest 7 day average wet weather flow.
    Determine infiltration rate for dry period preceding rain event(s).
    Subtract BSF plus infiltration rate from the highest monthly average flow.
    Subtract BSF from highest monthly average flow.
    The total annual volume divided by 365 days. The average annual flow can also
    be calculated by averaging the monthly average flows.
    Subtract the BSF rate from the average annual flow.
    Average of the monthly minimum flows.
    Subtract the BSF and average annual infiltration from the average annual flow.
    The average daily flow during a period of significant rainfall (excludes significant
    commercial and industrial flow).
    The highest one hour flow rate during a significant rain event.

    Notes:
    If your system experiences SSOs or backups, you may have excessive inflow, although infiltration also
    contributes to the problem. Even where a system is not suffering from SSOs, systems experiencing
    surcharging should be evaluating their I&I, as should systems where new growth is expected and existing
    collection system infrastructure may be inadequate or marginal for handling new customers.
    Other calculations used by state agencies to determine whether infiltration and/or inflow are excessive
    include:

    Is your Infiltration Rate Excessive?


    Some states have an excessive infiltration criterion based on gallons per person per day (gppd) and other
    states use a criterion of gallons per day per inch of diameter per mile of pipe (gpd/idm).
    To determine gppd, divide the ADW flow by the population served. If the ADW flow exceeds 120 gppd,
    your state agency may consider the infiltration excessive.
    To determine gpd/idm, first determine your total inch diameter-miles of pipe (idm). As an example, for a
    sewer system that has 36 miles of 4 inch diameter laterals, 36 miles of 8 inch diameter, 6 miles of 10 inch
    diameter, and 6 miles of 12 inch diameter gravity sewers, the total number of inch miles is:
    36x4 + 36x8 + 6x10 + 6x12 = 564 inch diameter miles
    To determine gpd/idm, divide the dry weather infiltration rate during seasonal high groundwater (GWI
    from B above) by the total inch miles. In this example, if the GWI is 2 mgd, with 564 inch diameter-miles
    of pipe, then the gpd/idm would be:
    2 mgd divide by 564 idm = 3546 gpd/idm

    Metcalf & Eddys text Wastewater Engineering: Collection and Pumping of Wastewater, suggests that
    infiltration rates for whole collection systems (including service connections) that are lower than 1500
    gpd/idm are not usually excessive. The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection
    document Guidelines for Performing I/I Analyses recommends (as a rule-of-thumb) sewer subsystems
    of about 20,000 linear feet that exhibit infiltration rates above 4000 gpd/idm be investigated for
    contributing potentially excessive infiltration. For more information on design standards consult the
    Technical Report, Guidelines for the Design of Wastewater Treatment Works, New England Interstate
    Water Pollution Control Commission TR-16.

    Is your inflow excessive?


    Divide the Average WWF by the population served to determine the gallons per person per day (gppd). If
    the Average WWF exceeds 275 gppd your state agency may consider the inflow excessive. This
    calculation should exclude major industrial or commercial flows.
    A calculation for gpd/idm can also be determined for wet weather.

    Estimating your cost to treat Infiltration and Inflow


    Wastewater collection and treatment cost can range from $2 to $5 per thousand gallons. An annual I&I
    volume of 150 million gallons would cost between $300,000 and $750,000 per year to transport and
    treat. For many older collection systems infiltration can be quite substantial, and has been calculated as
    high as fifty percent of the flow.
    If your treatment facility is at or near capacity and an upgrade will be necessary, the cost of reducing I&I
    to free up capacity at the existing treatment facility should be measured against the cost of building
    additional treatment capacity.

    You might also like