Coastal Land - and Sea-Use Zoning Plan of The Province of Bataan

MISSION STATEMENT
The Global Environment Facility/United • advance scientific and technical

Nations Development Programme/International inputs to support decision-making;
Maritime Organization Regional Programme • develop integrated information
on Building Partnerships in Environmental management systems linking selected sites into a
Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA) regional network for data sharing and technical
aims to promote a shared vision for the Seas of support;
East Asia: • establish the enabling environment
to reinforce delivery capabilities and advance the
“The resource systems of the Seas of concerns of nongovernmental and community-
East Asia are a natural heritage, safeguarding based organizations, environmental journalists,
sustainable and healthy food supplies, livelihood, religious groups and other stakeholders;
properties and investments, and social, cultural •strengthen national capacities for developing
and ecological values for the people of the integrated coastal and marine policies as part
region, while contributing to economic prosperity of state policies for sustainable socioeconomic
and global markets through safe and efficient development; and
maritime trade, thereby promoting a peaceful • promote regional commitment
and harmonious co-existence for present and for implementing international conventions,
future generations.” and strengthening regional and sub-regional
cooperation and collaboration using a sustainable
PEMSEA focuses on building regional mechanism.
intergovernmental, interagency and intersectoral
partnerships to strengthen environmental The 12 participating countries are: Brunei
management capabilities at the local, national Darussalam, Cambodia, Democratic People’s
and regional levels, and develop the collective Republic of Korea, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia,
capacity to implement appropriate strategies and People’s Republic of China, Philippines, Republic
environmental action programs on self-reliant of Korea, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. The
basis. Specifically, PEMSEA will carry out the collective efforts of these countries in implementing
following: the strategies and activities will result in effective
policy and management interventions, and in
• build national and regional capacity cumulative global environmental benefits, thereby
to implement integrated coastal management contributing towards the achievement of the
programs; ultimate goal of protecting and sustaining the life-
• promote multi-country initiatives in support systems in the coastal and international
addressing priority transboundary environment waters over the long term.
issues in sub-regional sea areas and pollution
hotspots;
• reinforce and establish a range of
functional networks to support environmental
management;
• identify environmental investment Dr. Chua Thia-Eng
and financing opportunities and promote Regional Programme Director
mechanisms, such as public-private partnerships, PEMSEA
environmental projects for financing and other
forms of developmental assistance;
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Mission Statement (GEF/UNDP/IMO PEMSEA) ………………………………… IFC

List of Tables ……………………………………………………………………... ii
List of Figures ……………………………………………………………………. ii
List of Maps …………………………………………………………………….... ii
List of Boxes …………………………………………………………………….... iii
List of Acronyms …………………………………………………………………. iv
Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………... viii
Message ................................................................................................. ix
Sangguniang Panlalawigan Resolutions ........................................................ xi
Chapter 1: Introduction ……………………………………………………..... 1
1.1 The Coastal Zone

1.2 Overview
1.3 Rationale for the Plan
1.4 Objectives of the Plan
1.5 Scope of the Plan
1.6 Approach and Methodology
Chapter 2: Existing Situation ……………………………………………........ 11
2.1 Physical Characteristics

2.2 Bio-Physical Characteristics
2.3 Socio-Economic Characteristics
2.4 Existing Policies and Institutional Arrangements
2.5 Major Environmental Problems and Multiple-Use Conflicts
Chapter 3: Coastal Land- and Sea-Use Zones …………………………....... 27
3.1 Classification of Zones

3.2 CLSUZP Regulatory System
Chapter 4: Policy Framework and Action Plans ……………………………… 71
4.1 Policy Framework, Options, and Approaches

for the Various Zones
4.2 Action Programs to Address Major Issues and Problems
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations …………………………...... 83
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendations
Bataan Coastal Care Foundation, Inc. (BCCF) IBC

i
Table of Contents
LIST OF TABLES
1. Total Population per City/Municipality

2. Land Area, Population Density, and Income Class
3. Socio-economic Characteristics of Households in the Phils., 2000
4. Policy Concerns Across Sectors
5. Functional Uses and Suitability Criteria for Zone Identification
6. Zones Compatibility Matrix
7. Guidelines for the Coastal Land and Sea-Use Zones
8. Zone Location
9. Coastal Use Zones by City/Municipality
LIST OF FIGURES
1. Parts of the Coastal Area

2. Enhanced W-Growth Corridor of Central Luzon
3. The Global Gateways Infrastructure
4. Slope Map
5. Multiple-Use Conflicts
6. Seismicity of Bataan and vicinity
7. The Proposed Bataan Sustainable Development Coordinating Council
LIST OF MAPS
1. Provinces and Coastal Waters Within the Manila Bay Area

2. Proposed Municipal Water Boundaries
3. Coastal Habitats and Resources
4. Existing Zones and Uses of Bataan
5. Coastal Issues and Problems
Coastal Land and Sea-Use Zones
6. Agricultural Zone
7. Built-up Area Zone
8. Industrial Zone
9. Tourism Zone
10. Mangrove Zone
11. Sanctuary Zone
12. Coral Reef Zone
13. Seagrass Zone
14. Traditional Fishing Zone
15. Aquaculture Zone
16. Municipal Fishing Zone
17. Shipping and Navigation Zone
18. Coastal-Use Zones of Bataan
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Table of Contents
Coastal Land- and Sea-Use Zones, per Municipality/City
19. Abucay
20. Bagac
21. Balanga City
22. Hermosa
23. Limay
24. Mariveles
25. Morong
26. Orani
27. Orion
28. Pilar
29. Samal
Integrated Maps
30. Land-Use Map of Bataan

31. Integrated Land- and Coastal-Use Zones of Bataan
LIST OF BOX/ES
1. The Bataan Sustainable Development Strategy
iii
Table of Contents
LIST OF ACRONYMS and ABBREVIATIONS
BFAR – Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
BCCFI – Bataan Coastal Care Foundation, Inc.
BSDS – Bataan Sustainable Development Strategy
BICMP-PMO – Bataan Integrated Coastal Management Program

- Program Management Office
BNP – Bataan Natural Park
CBFMA - Community-Based Forest Management Agreement
CITES - Convention on Trade in Endanged Species
CLUP - Comprehensive Land-Use Plan
CSEZ – Clark Special Economic Zone
CPUE – catch per unit effort
CWTS – Civic Welfare Training Service
DAR – Department of Agrarian Reform
DENR – Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DENR-CENRO - Department of Enrivonment and Natural Resources-Community

Environment and Natural Resource Office
DENR-PAWB – Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Protected Area

and Wildlife Bureau
DENR-PENRO – Department of Environment and Natural Resources

- Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office
Dep Ed – Department of Education
DILG – Department of Interior and Local Government
DOH – Department of Health
DOST – Department of Science and Technology
DOT – Department of Tourism
DTI – Department of Trade and Industry
EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment
EMB – Environmental Management Bureau
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Table of Contents
EMS – Environmental Management System

EO - Executive Order
FARMC – Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council
FUND – International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for

Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage
FSP-DA – Fisheries Sector Program-Department of Agriculture
GDP – Gross Domestic Product
GEF – Global Environment Facility
GPA - Global Programme of Action For The Protection of the Marine Environment
from Land-Based Activities
ICM – Integrated Coastal Management
IEC – Information, Education, Communication
IEIA – Integrated Environmental Impact Assessment
IEMP – Integrated Environmental Monitoring Program
IIMS – Integrated Information Management System
IMO – International Maritime Organization
IPM – Integrated Pest Management
ISO – International Organization for Standardization
LGU – Local Government Unit
MAAP – Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific
MARINA - Maritime Industry Authority
MAO – Municipal Agriculture Office
MBEMP – Manila Bay Environmental Management Project
MDCC - Municipal Disaster Coordinating Committee
MPDC - Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator
MPDO – Municipal Planning and Development Office
MSY – maximum sustainable yield
NAMRIA – National Mapping Research and Information Authority
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Table of Contents
NCR – National Capital Region
NEDA – National Economic Development Authority
NFA – National Food Authority
NGOs – Non-Government Organizations
NIA – National Irrigation Authority
NIPAS – National Integrated Protected Area System
NSO – National Statistics Office
NSTP – National Service Training Program
NWRB - National Water Resources Board
OPA – Office of the Provincial Agriculturist
PCG - Philippine Coast Guard
PDCC - Provincial Disaster Coordinating Committee
PEMSEA – GEF/UNDP/IMO Regional Programme on Partnerships in Environmental

Management for the Seas of East Asia
PEO – Provincial Engineer’s Office
PFI – Petron Foundation, Inc.
PG-ENRO – Provincial Government-Environment and Natural Resources Office
PIA – Philippine Information Agency
PMO – Project Management Office
PNP – Philippine National Police
PNOC-PDC – Philippine National Oil Company –Alternative Fuels Corporation
PO – People’s Organization
PPA - Philippine Ports Authority
PPDO – Provincial Planning and Development Office
PPFP - Provincial Physical Framework Plan
PRII – Philippine Resins Industries, Inc.
PRRM – Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement
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Table of Contents
PTO – Provincial Tourism Office
RA - Republic Act
RAMSAR – Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
RNP – Roosevelt National Park
SALT – Sloping Agricultural Land Technology
SBMA – Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority
SCTEP - Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway
SIFMA – Socialized Industrial Forest Management Agreement
TESDA – Technical Education and Skills Development Agency
UN – United Nations
UNCLOS – United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
UNDP – United Nations Development Programme
UNESCO – United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
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Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
There are so many people and groups/organizations that have significantly contributed to the
realization of the Coastal Land and Sea-Use Zoning Plan (CLSUZP) of Bataan. After a series of consultation
meetings, capacity-building seminars/workshops and numerous reviews, and revisions, it is finally finished.
Sincerest thanks and gratitude goes to the following:
The Honorable Enrique T. Garcia, Jr., Governor of Bataan, for his active support and commitment
to the integrated coastal management program in Bataan. He created the core team of the Technical
Working Group (TWG) headed by the Project Management Office. Diligent members of the TWG include
Engr. Godofredo O. de Guzman and Ms. Rodora M. Cuaresma of the Provincial Government-Environment
and Natural Resources Office (PG-ENRO); Ms. Ludivina G. Banzon, Ms. Soledad G. Reyes and Mr. Joel
S. Custodio of the Provincial Planning and Development Office (PPDO); Ms. Imelda D. Inieto, Mr. Danilo
C. Abrera, Mr. Diego L. Resubal, Jr., and Mr. Alvin R. Rodrigo of the Office of the Provincial Agriculturist
(OPA); Mr. Ceasar V. Cuayson and Ms. Christina B. Banzon of the Provincial Tourism Office (PTO); and
Engr. Enrico T. Yuzon and Arch. Manuel S. Lim, Jr. of the Provincial Engineer’s Office (PEO).
The Honorable Antonio L. Raymundo, Jr., Municipal Mayor of Orion, who has been championing
the Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) program since day one. To all the City/Municipal Mayors, City/
Municipal Planning and Development Coordinators, especially to En.Ps Rodelito R. Calara (Samal) and
Eugenia C. Galvez (Bagac), and City/Municipal Agriculturists of Bataan for their continuous cooperation
for the sustainable management of Bataan’s coastal and marine environment.
For the unwavering guidance of the active members of the Bataan Coastal Care Foundation, Inc.,
especially to Ms. Marilou G. Erni and Mr. Allan S. Victorino of Petron Foundation, Inc.; Ms. Concepcion
I. Tanglao and Ms. Remedios G. Herrera of the Philippine Resins Industries, Inc., Ms. Malou Espina of
Total (Phils.) Corporation, Ms. Helen Cervantes of PNOC-Alternative Fuels Corp. (PNOC-AFC), and Dr.
Angelica M. Baylon of the Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific (MAAP).
For the invaluable support, advice, and inspiration provided by PEMSEA, especially to Dr. Chua
Thia-Eng, Regional Programme Director; Mr. S. Adrian Ross, Senior Programme Officer and Technical
Coordinator; and Dr. Huming Yu, Senior Programme Officer. To Ms. Stella Regina Bernad and Ms. Ma.
Teresita Lecerna, PEMSEA Policy and Legal Officers, for their advice on institutional arrangements and the
proposed ordinances. To Ms. Maria Corazon Ebarvia-Bautista, Site Officer for Manila Bay and Bataan and
Technical Officer for Environmental Investments; and Ms. Bresilda Gervacio, Technical Officer for IIMS for
their guidance all throughout the project.
Mr. Robert de Leon of DENR-MIS, Rudolph Espada of DENR-NCR, Mr. Luis Rongavilla of NWRB,
Mr. Jaime Mallare of NAMRIA, and Mr. Enrique Macaspac of NAMRIA for their assistance in producing
the zoning maps.
To U.P. Planning and Development Research Foundation, Inc. (U.P. Planades) for the workshops
conducted towards the development of this plan
To Mr. Daniel M. Pagaduan, Jr. and Mr. Oscar A. Macanan, Jr. for the design and layout, and
Visual Color, Inc. for the printing of the CLSUZP.
Lastly, to the hardworking men and women of the coastal communities and concerned agencies
for their dedication and involvement in making the Coastal Land and Sea-Use Zoning Plan a reality for
the people of Bataan today and next generations.
viii
MESSAGE
Bataan is Work on the Coastal Land- and Sea-Use

a province whose Plan of Bataan was a long and tedious task that
geography provides us fell on the shoulders of dedicated men and women,
with many blessings. It whose contributions need to be acknowledged:
juts out of the mouth of
Manila Bay, the gateway * the members of the intergovernmental
to the Philippines’ and multisectoral Technical Working
political, social and Group who, together with the Bataan ICM
e c o n o m i c c e n t e r. Program Project Management Office,
Bataan serves as the labored endlessly to conduct stakeholder
industrial heartland of meetings and discussions, site visits and
Central Luzon because field studies, undergo trainings and
of the presence of workshops, and develop the plan itself;
anchor industries within the province. It is likewise
seen as a prime business hub that serves as a * the GEF-UNDP-IMO PEMSEA, which
major transshipment point in the region. Bataan funded this project and provided the
also boasts of a thriving commercial and industrial critical technical assistance and advice;
fishery industry plus a robust agriculture and
aquaculture sector. Beach resorts and a natural * the Bataan Coastal Care Foundation,
park along with various historical and cultural which has supervised the conduct of
landmarks dot our landscape and provide venues this project from start to finish, sharing
for a healthy investment in tourism. vital insights and information into the
development process and providing
At the same time, Bataan shares the venues and resources crucial to the
bounty of the seas with over 20 million people completion of this Coastal Land- and
who live in the Manila Bay area, and is affected Sea-Use Plan.
as well by their actions in this body of water. The
value of our precious land and marine resources * I would also like to acknowledge the
to the people of Bataan and the communities that Manila Bay Environmental Management
surround us, as well as the inherent and constant Project for their significant role in providing
threats to these resources, constitute a need to the maps essential to this document.
institute strategic and long-term responses.
I believe that the Coastal Land- and
The Bataan Integrated Coastal Sea-Use Plan of Bataan will be a decisive
Management Program gives us the opportunity instrument in achieving our vision as enshrined
to create new and better ways of managing our in our Sustainable Development Strategy: a well
coastal and marine environment consistent with developed community with abundant natural
our utilization of land-based resources, so that resources, clean environment and responsible
critical areas are preserved, and those sufficiently citizenry empowered and committed to care for
abundant are given their proper use. In the end, we nature and its bounty. Equally important, this
are able to strike a harmonious balance between publication complements the efforts to restore
promoting development while sustaining our Manila Bay and contribute concretely to the
environment. execution of the Manila Bay strategy.
The Coastal Land- and Sea-Use Plan of I enjoin everyone to let this Coastal Land-
Bataan provides us with clear-cut directions towards and Sea-Use Plan be our guide to sustainably
this reality. This work describes comprehensively utilizing our resources and enable us to craft a
the resources that we have, the socio-economic better future not only for the people of Bataan but
activities affecting them, the problems and for the residents in the Manila Bay and the nations
opportunities attendant to these activities, and the in the Seas of East Asia.
rational allocation of these resources towards a
more sustainable development of the province. This
plan will also serve as a tool for providing solutions ENRIQUE T. GARCIA, JR.
to issues and conflicts regarding the use of land, Governor
coastal and marine resources, thus contributing to Province of Bataan
more effective governance.
ix
x
SANGGUNIANG PANLALAWIGAN RESOLUTIONS
xi
Sangguniang Panlalawigan Resolutions
xii
Sangguniang Panlalawigan Resolutions
xiii
Chapter 1:
INTRODUCTION
1.1. THE COASTAL ZONE Coastal use planning refers to the process
of comprehensively studying resources, economic
The coastal zone is defined as the strip activities and societal needs, including problems
of land and its adjacent space (i.e., the water and and opportunities in specific coastal planning
submerged land) in which the terrestrial ecosystem areas, or coastal zones, and proposing actions
use directly affects the river and marine ecosystem, for their future development. It also involves
and vice versa (SDMS-IEMSD, 1997). The coastal rational allocation of dry land, wetland and marine
zone is the place where the waters of the seas meet components of the coastal area for various uses.
the land. It is a basic activity which seeks to rationalize and
enhance the development of the coastal areas. It
The Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998 or also identifies, examines and provides solutions
Republic Act 8550 defines the coastal area/zone to major issues and conflicts in coastal resource
as, “a band of dry land and adjacent ocean space allocation and utilization.
(water and submerged land) in which terrestrial
processes and uses directly affect oceanic extent Coastal use zoning is a process of
may include areas within a landmark limit of one delineating the coastal areas into land- and sea-
(1) kilometer from the shoreline at high tide to use zones, designating permitted, prohibited and
include mangrove swamps, brackish water ponds, conditional uses. It provides efficient mechanisms
nipa swamps, estuarine rivers, sandy beaches and for allocating coastal space for appropriate uses
other areas within a seaward limit of 200 meters based on the suitability with environmental, social
isobath to include coral reefs, algal flats, seagrass and economic conditions, and compatibility with
beds and other soft-bottom areas.” sustainable development objectives and principles,
and with policies and legal requirements. It also
Furthermore, RA 8550 describes the presents a framework for resolving multiple-use
municipal waters to include “not only streams, conflicts. Coastal-use zoning likewise provides a
lakes, inland bodies of water and tidal waters within regulatory framework for permitting and prohibiting
the municipality which are not included within the human activities according to the designated use
protected areas as defined under Republic Act of coastal space.
No. 7586 (The NIPAS Law), public forest, timber
lands, forest reserves or fishery reserves, but also The Coastal Land- and Sea-use Zoning
marine waters included between two (2) lines drawn Plan (CLSUZP) is considered as a tool to improve
perpendicular to the general coastline from points the use of coastal resources. It incorporates the
where the boundary lines of the municipality touch context within which it operates; the mechanism
the sea at low tide and a third line parallel with required to assess, evaluate and monitor the
the general coastline including offshore islands outcomes; and process through which these could
and fifteen (15) kilometers from such coastline.” be attained. It is based on certain principles which
Where two (2) municipalities are so situated on promote its effectiveness, responsiveness and
opposite shores that there is less than thirty (30) acceptability to key stakeholders and which guide
kilometers of marine waters between them, the third the integration and/or modification of existing land
line shall be equally distant from opposite shore of use plans for the sustainable development of the
the respective municipality. coastal area as well as the adjacent watersheds
and marine areas.
1
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.0 km.
Figure 1. Parts of the coastal area (as defined by R.A. 8550).
1.2. OVERVIEW Cavite in Region 4. Also within the watershed

of Manila Bay are the non-coastal cities and
The province of Bataan is a peninsula municipalities of the NCR (Quezon City, Caloocan
composed of 11 municipalities and one city City, Makati, Pasig, Marikina, Mandaluyong,
covering a land area of 137,296 hectares or Muntinlupa, Valenzuela, Malabon, San Juan,
1,373 square kilometers. Its lone city and ten Pateros, and Taguig), provinces of Nueva Ecija and
municipalities consist the coastal areas. Tarlac in Region 3, Rizal and Laguna in Region 4.
Map 1 shows the provinces and waters within the
With the formulation of the Manila Bay boundaries of the Manila Bay Area.
Coastal Strategy, there was a compelling need to
develop a provincial strategy for Bataan’s coastal
areas. The Manila Bay Coastal Strategy covers
Manila Bay and the surrounding watershed areas.
Seven (7) major rivers, draining 26 catchment
basins, intersect the 190-km. coastline. Impacts
of land-based human activities in the coastal and
inland regions are addressed under the Manila Bay
Coastal Strategy, as well as sea-based activities.
Manila Bay, a semi-enclosed estuary

facing the South China Sea, is one of the best
natural harbors in the world. It is bordered by
coastal cities and municipalities of the National The Manila Bay Coastal Strategy (MBCS).
Capital Region or NCR (Manila, Pasay, Parañaque,
Las Piñas, and Navotas), and the coastal provinces
of Bataan, Pampanga, Bulacan in Region 3, and
2
with economic opportunities, recreational

areas, rich cultural and historical heritage and
abundant natural resources. The BSDS provides a
comprehensive framework which helps determine
directions in achieving targeted outcomes and
formulating a series of specific actions and
programs involving the participation of government
and non-government sectors. The BSDS covers
a broad area covering land and water on the
The Bataan Sustainable Development Strategy (BSDS) seaward side of the coastal areas including the
upland watersheds of the 11 municipalities and
Bataan, being one of the coastal one city, and the sea and seabed area within the
provinces of Manila Bay, also prepared for the maximum 15-km. municipal waters limit based on
implementation of its own coastal strategy, which the Philippines Fishery Code of 1998 (RA 8550).
is in line with the strategy of Manila Bay. As this The BSDS addresses activities with impacts on
province is a peninsula, the use and development the coastal and marine environment at present
of Bataan’s coastal and marine resources were and in the future. Box 1 presents the Bataan
defined, considering land-based resources stakeholders’ shared vision and mission, and the
complementary to the coastal resources, and key strategies.
substantially provide the province of Bataan with
a sustained economic development. Development of the CLSUZP is an
integral element of the Bataan Sustainable
The Bataan Sustainable Development Development Strategy and will complement the
Strategy, or BSDS, embodies the shared vision of existing comprehensive land-use plan of the
the people of Bataan. The province is endowed province and in harmony with the provincial
integrated coastal management program.
Bataan has rich coastal and marine resources.
3
Map 1. Provinces and Coastal Waters within the Manila Bay Area
Source: Manila Bay Area Environmental Atlas (2007)
4
1.3. RATIONALE FOR THE PLAN and expected development. The CLSUZP will
also serve to protect the designated use of coastal
The coastal zone and municipal waters are zones and reduce adverse environmental impacts
the most productive areas in Bataan. Their coastal of certain coastal activities.
resources and ecosystem play an important role
in the health and living condition of the people of The Manila Bay area is one of the
Bataan. The resources like fisheries, shellfishes, Philippines’ major avenues that cater to a lot of
coral reefs, seagrasses/seaweeds and mangroves economic activities for continuous growth and
provide direct and indirect benefits to the coastal development ranging from shipping, industrial,
communities of the province. Unfortunately, commercial, fishing, aquaculture to tourism
poor planning coupled with uncontrolled human activities. With the various developments taking
and economic activities have put pressure place along the bay, the natural environment of
and resulted in significant degradation of the the area is facing various threats from different
integrity and condition of the coastal and marine factors: over-population, pollution from land-
ecosystem and environment of Bataan. Absence and sea-based sources, over and illegal fishing,
of transboundary lines of municipal waters and uncontrolled development, loss of habitats,
unclear distinctions of productive and functional and decreasing resources. The effects of these
zones culminate inappropriate to overlapping and problems result in the significant degradation of
multiple utilization of the area. As these practices the ecosystem and biodiversity thereby affecting
continue, there is a risk of scarcity and depletion of the needs of all living things along the bay. There
resources. To remedy the aggravating issues and are also impacts on human health, the economy,
problem in the coastal and marine environment of and social conditions of the people. The complete
the province, the formulation of the Bataan Coastal zoning scheme for Manila Bay is therefore
Land and Sea-Use Zoning Plan is necessary. necessary to resolve the multiple-use conflicts
and address the various issues and problems that
The CLSUZP is part of the implementation continue to build up. Bataan is the pilot area for
of the Bataan Sustainable Development Strategy, the coastal use zoning of Manila Bay.
which is designed to move towards the attainment
of the stakeholders’ shared vision, and address Bataan plays a major role in the Central
the conflicting uses, major issues and problems Luzon “W”-Growth Corridor, serving as the region’s
that contribute to the continued degradation of industrial heartland owing to the presence of
the coastal and marine environment of Bataan. several industries in the province, as well as tourism
The plan also states the specific objectives and area due to its natural resources and historical
actions, which directly focus on the problem areas sites (Figure 2). The province also lies within the
of the Bataan coastal zones. Its aim is toward the national growth triad of the Subic Bay Metropolitan
attainment of the Bataan stakeholders’ shared Area (SBMA), Clark Special Economic Zone,
vision, mission, and goals in managing, protecting, and Metro Manila. The province was identified
and conserving the rich natural resources, as one of the country’s investment destinations.
environment, and historical and cultural heritage Moreover, the inclusion of Bataan in the Global
for future generations (Box 1). Gateways, which is the centerpiece of development
of the national government, will certainly spur the
The CLSUZP provides a well-defined economic growth of the province (Figure 3). It
distinction among different zones, which has been promises to be the country’s next economic hub
classified according to their existing and proposed when the Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway Project
level of development, resource utilization, and (SCTEP) is finally put into place. This expressway
resource abundance or scarcity. A thorough will pass through Hermosa and Dinalupihan. It
review of the existing resources and environmental is complemented by the development of Subic
quality also supports the intention to formulate Seaport and the Diosdado Macapagal Airport in
required laws and ordinances, regulate activities Clark, Pampanga. These developments, plus the
5
Box 1: Bataan Sustainable Development Strategy
VISION
The people of Bataan envision…”A well developed community with abundant natural resources,
clean environment and responsible citizenry empowered and committed to care for nature and its
bounty.”
MISSION The STRATEGIES
The people of Bataan aim… “To clean the In order to realize the vision and mission for the
environment, develop it sustainably and make coastal and marine environment of Bataan, the
it safe from harmful human activities for us to Bataan Coastal Strategy mandates all stake-
live peacefully, blissfully and honorably amidst holders to:
nature’s bounty through active participation in
integrated resource management efforts.” INFORM the stakeholders of their
rights and responsibilities and make them highly
The shared vision of Bataenos reflects the strong aware of the issues and problems concerning
desire to become active stewards of the living the coastal environment of Bataan, for them to
resources and values innate to Bataan. It is how be mobilized towards a sustainable and active
the people of Bataan see the province in the next participation in environmental management
25 years or more. This shows the deep sense programs.
of commitment among the citizenry and all the MITIGATE the impacts of damaging
leaders in the province to preserve and protect human activities, which will lead to integrated
the natural heritage for the present and future approaches and measures to sustain the
generations. Meanwhile, the mission statement range of values supported by Bataan’s coastal
declares the immediate aim of the Bataan environment.
Coastal Strategy arising from the commitment PROTECT and PRESERVE the significant
of the stakeholders to the shared vision. values and features of Bataan’s coastal and
marine environment for the present and future
The work ahead requires a partnership among generations through integrated planning and
stakeholders. The specific call to action of management.
having a clean environment safe from harmful DEVELOP areas and opportunities
human activities affirms the aims and functions within Bataan’s coastal environment, as well
of the stakeholders in their desire to achieve as provide directions for the future uses of its
the shared vision. It centers mainly on the resources that shall maintain the range of values
environmental, economic and social well being and benefits the community derive from the
of the stakeholders as they move towards future coastal environment.
goals as embodied within the coastal strategy.
construction of Anvaya Cove by Ayala Land, Inc. Bay on the East and its strategic location brings in
as a resort-leisure tourist facility in Morong and the opportunities for the province to utilize its waterways
operation of San Miguel Feed Mill in Mariveles, will as another gate for development. The use of
also open up a host of opportunities and heighten waterways by passenger ferries at the Port of Orion
the economic growth of the province. via Manila lessens travel time and makes Bataan
as one of the provinces nearest to Metro Manila.
A peninsular province, Bataan is bounded
by the South China Sea on the West and by Manila The waterways of Manila Bay also serves
6
Figure 2. Enhanced W-Growth Corridor of Central Luzon Figure 3. The Global Gateways Infrastructure
as the navigational lane of cargo ships and support 1.5. SCOPE OF THE PLAN
large-scale industries, such as: oil refineries and
depots, power plants, petrochemical plants, The scope of the CLSUZP includes the
and economic zones, as well as tourism activities, 10 coastal municipalities and 1 coastal city of
which extend huge contributions to the national Bataan (Map 2). The 12th and only land-locked
economy. municipality, which is Dinalupihan, was also
considered in the plan because its river system
The implementation of the CLSUZP will which is affected by siltation and sedimentation
open up the different avenues of sustainable due to the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, is connected
development of the coastal areas of the province. to the municipalities of Hermosa and Orani.
This will serve as one of the mechanisms for the
realization of the BSDS. The seaward boundary of Bataan’s coastal
areas is 15 kilometers from the shoreline, as stated
in RA 8550 or the Fisheries Code of 1998. One
1.4. OBJECTIVES OF THE PLAN (1) kilometer landward from the shoreline is also
considered as part of the coastal land area.
The objectives of this plan are to:
Thus, the geographic extent of this
• Protect habitats, eco-systems and coastal-use zoning plan covers areas within one (1)
ecological processes; kilometer from the shoreline at high tide to include
• Protect natural and/or cultural sites while mangrove swamps, brackish water ponds, nipa
allowing a spectrum of reasonable uses; swamps, estuarine rivers, mudflats, sandy beaches,
• Mitigate pollution from land- and sea- as well as other areas within a seaward limit of
based sources; 200 meters isobath to include coral reefs, algal
• Resolve conflicting human activities/uses; flats, seagrass beds and other soft-bottom areas
• Delineate suitable areas for particular (RA 8550).
human uses, while minimizing the impacts
of these uses; The Comprehensive Land Use Plans
• Preserve critical areas in their natural (CLUPs) of each municipality and the Provincial
state and undisturbed except for purposes Physical Framework Plan (PPFP) are linked and
of scientific research and education; harmonized with this coastal use zoning plan to
• Protect human welfare; and, provide a more comprehensive Integrated Land-
• Better manage the coastal areas. and Sea-Use Plan for the province.
7
1.6. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY under the framework of integrated coastal

management.
In the formulation of the CLSUZP,
the delineation of each zone is based on its From 2003 – 2004, the PMO and PPDO
potential utilization and uses as identified during worked together with the Bataan Coastal Care
the workshop deliberation and consultations Foundation, Inc. (BCCFI), Office of the Provincial
attended by various sectors of the community and Agriculturist (OPA), DENR-Provincial Environment
stakeholders. The zoning system, once in place, and Natural Resources Office (PENRO), DENR-
will pave the way and openup more opportunities Community Environment and Natural Resources
to every sector of the community that primarily Office (CENRO) in conducting ten (10) municipal
depend on the coastal and marine resources for and one (1) city consultations and capacity-building
their means of livelihood. trainings/workshops. These workshops enabled the
participants to understand the rationale, scope,
In 2002, representatives from the Project and expected outputs of the coastal-use zoning
Management Office (PMO) and the Provincial project and process of developing the CLSUZP.
Planning and Development Office (PPDO) attended It also increased awareness of the participants,

a six-day intensive Regional Training Workshop on particularly the Local Government Units (LGUs) on
the Development and Implementation of Coastal the importance of the province-wide coastal and
Use Zoning Plan and Institutional Framework sea-use plan, which is to be integrated into their
conducted by GEF/UNDP/IMO Partnerships Comprehensive Land-Use Plans. (See results of
in Environmental Management for the Seas of consultations in Appendix B)
East Asia (PEMSEA). This training provided the
participants with insights and knowledge on the In 2005, technical officers from the
basic concepts and approaches for applying PEMSEA conducted a two-day inception workshop
zoning scheme to coastal areas and developing in Balanga City. Various stakeholders from the
institutional arrangements for its implementation national and provincial agencies, private sector,

Map 2. Proposed Municipal Water Boundaries Source: NAMRIA
8
civil society groups, fisherfolk associations and

LGUs participated in this workshop.
The Provincial Government of Bataan also

issued an executive order in 2005 forming and
activating a Technical Working Group (TWG) to
develop the CLSUZP. The TWG is a multi-sectoral
team of specialists who have experiences in
land use planning, socio-economic planning,
environmental planning and other development
planning. They have in-depth knowledge on the
habitat and ecosystem of Bataan’s coastal area and
the legislations and regulations on environment and
resources management. The members of the TWG Part of the capacity-building workshop is an on-site field visit
and transect walk in Brgy. Tortugas in Balanga City.
underwent a series of capacity-building seminars
and workshops to equip themselves with the skills of
handling several activities useful in the collection,
verification, and final analysis of pertinent data and
other skills for the full development of the CLSUZP.
The members who come from the different national
government agencies, local government units,
private sector, and non-govenment organizations
provided information on existing sectoral plans,
information, and relevant data and ideas which
contributed to the plan. Together with the core
TWG from the provincial government were their
partners in the municipal level. Workshops were
also conducted and facilitated by a team from
the University of the Philippines Planning and
Development Research Foundation, Inc. or UP Discussions and deliberations were conducted to identify the
Planades. existing uses and proposed zones in Bataan.
In the development of the CLSUZP, the

support from the local government was necessary
to enable the stakeholders to identify uses and
zones and prepare the plan. It was a must that
the project is sincerely adhered to by the local
government officials to get an equally honest
attempt by different stakeholders to complete the
CLSUZP and jointly support its implementation.
The stakeholders played the key tasks of providing
salient information to contribute to the completion
of the plan, as these people have the innate desire
to protect and utilize resources logically.
Mapping and delineation of zones was an integral part of

the plan.
9
Chapter 2:
EXISTING SITUATION
2.1. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Location
Bataan is located in the southwestern part

of the Central Luzon Region. It lies approximately at
coordinates 120o 15’ to 120o 40’ latitude and 14o
20’ to 14o 50’ longitude. It is bounded on the north
by the provinces of Zambales, on the northeast by
Pampanga, on the west by South China Sea, and
on the east by Manila Bay.
Undulating mountains serve as scenic background to the
Climate plains of the province..
The climate in Bataan is categorized under covering 80.9 percent of its whole area (Figure 4).
Type I. There are two distinct seasons: the rainy The lowlands and plains, which comprise 19.1
season and dry season. The rainy season starts on percent of the land area of the province, are
the month of May and ends up around the month of generally flat, gently rising towards the hills. These
October. The rest of the year is dry with occasional areas comprise most of the agricultural portion
rains dispersed widely throughout the province. of Bataan, found along the northern and eastern
Occasional typhoons visit the area especially coasts facing Manila Bay.
during the months of June to September.
Hydrology
Topography
The province is drained by numerous rivers
Bataan is a mountainous land mass, and small streams with very few meanders radiating
dominated largely by uplands, hills, and mountains, and sloping from the mountain groups down to
the sea draining the whole area efficiently. There
are more than one hundred rivers in the province
which are very important not only for irrigation but
also for purposes of navigation and fishing.
Geomorphology
The whole province of Bataan can be

classified broadly with one volcanic terrain. Most
of the highest elevations are considered parts of the
collapsed caldera forming a ring-like structure with
the suspected mouths, Mount Natib and Mariveles.
Other high peaks are most likely the satellite vents
Figure 4. Slope Map of major volcanic craters presently occurring and
dikes along the upper and mid-slopes of the
volcano. Bordering these morpho-landforms are
11
Chapter 2: Existing Situation
lava fields and flow plains with deep incision, steep In the eastern flank of the Bataan peninsula
cliffs, occasional gorges, and minor cascades. lays two large volcanic edifices, Mt. Natib on the
north and Mt. Mariveles on the south.
Coastal areas are classified by typical
marine land forms such as beaches, ridges, swales, Faults and Earthquake-prone Areas
and foreshore sand bars.
An analysis of seismic tectonic elements
Geology proximate to Bataan indicates the following:
Basically, Bataan is tectonically sitting

directly on top of an active subduction zone, which • The East Zambales Fault, a recently
centers along the Manila trench. It is believed that active tectonic lineament closely
this zone was responsible for the Early Pliocene to related to Mt. Pinatubo is about
Early Holocene period of volcanic activities giving 60 km. east of the municipality of
rise to varied depositions of volcanic rocks in the Samal;
whole peninsula. • The Manila Trench, an active
subduction zone, is 120 km. west of
There are three (3) rock strategic units Luzon in the South China Sea;
exposed in the area, namely: quaternary pyroclastics • The seismically active Lubang Island
(QP), quaternary plug (Qp) and quaternary – Mindoro Fault is about 100 km. to
alluvium (Qal). the south;
• The Digdig Fault (100 km. to the
Quaternary pyroclastics occupy the rolling northeast) is the epicenter of the 7.8
to hilly ground with infrequent deep incision in magnitude North Luzon earthquake
several sections of creeks and rivers. It is composed in July 1990; and,
of volcanic breccias, tuff and tuff breccias, and • The rest of the Philippine Fault is
lahars. farther to the eastern side of Luzon.
Quaternary plug is made wholly of

alticandesites rock.
Quaternary alluvium occupies the low-

lying areas which include the beaches and plains.
These deposits are derived from weathering
and erosion of older volcanic rocks that were
later transported and deposited along stream
channels.
Volcanoes
The presence of a chain of volcanoes

in the Zambales – Bataan region, including the
currently active Mt. Pinatubo, may put the province
under threat of volcanic eruption. Mt. Pinatubo,
some 40 kms. to the north, deposited a relatively
thin but widespread ash cover over the Olongapo
– Subic – North Bataan area during its last eruption.
Similarly, the smaller, dormant volcanoes are Mt. Figure 5. Seismicity of Bataan and vicinity
Sta. Rita and Mt. Malasimbo.
12
Map 3. Coastal Habitats and Resources
13
Fine sandy beaches can be found in Bagac. Thick mangrove areas exist along the shorelines of Bataan.
These tectonic elements are probable tributaries and major river systems. Large amounts
earthquake generators that would trigger ground- of waste drain into the coastal waters from domestic
shaking and ground displacement. Bautista, et.al. discharges.
(1992) have conducted probabilistic estimate of
peak ground acceleration. For the Bataan area, With rapid increase in population and
a ground acceleration value of 0.1 g (1 times the industrialization within the coastal area, water
force of gravity) within a 50-year return period quality is expected to deteriorate. Contamination of
was estimated. In the same study, Bautista, et.al. the Bataan coastal and marine waters will continue
suggested that the risk of tsunami along the coastal to increase with the inevitable population and
areas of Bataan cannot be discounted since economic growth. The sources of contamination
tectonic features around Bataan are capable of that eventually lead to marine pollution are
generating tsunamegenic earthquakes. Historically, domestic and industrial wastes, agro-chemical
the occurrence of a tsunami in Bataan that has loading, siltation/sedimentation, toxic and
been last recorded was on December 7, 1677. hazardous wastes, and oil pollution.
Based on the distribution of earthquake

epicenters in the whole archipelago, the strongest is,
in fact, the eastern section, i.e. Eastern Mindanao, 2.2. BIO-PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Samar, and Leyte. However, other relative active
parts are the vicinities of Lubang Island – Mindoro, Muddy tide flats along with alluvial sand
the East Luzon Trench, Casiguran Fault, Digdig bars characterize the coastline along Manila Bay.
Fault, and the northern segment of the Philippine Mangrove areas can be observed from Orani to
Fault Zone, all of which are within the 150-km. Orion, along with seaweed areas and seagrass
radius of the province (Figure 5). patches from portions of Samal, Balanga, and
Pilar down to Mariveles. The deeper portions are
Water Quality the coastal areas of Orion to Mariveles. Poor coral
reef patches mixed with sandy rocky bottom can be
Coastal marine waters support a dynamic found in the Mariveles area, where the coastline
ecosystem and contain valuable natural resources begin to take on a rocky character, looping from
that are important to the coastal community. the mouth of Manila Bay to the western side of
The inseparable relationship between land use the province. The South China Sea coastline
and water quality are major issues in the coastal is interspersed with pristine beaches with rocky
zone. portions and fringes of coral reef in good condition
from Bagac to Morong. These are havens for
The Bataan coastal area is receiving marine turtles and other marine animals.
drainage from immediate watersheds through
14
Table 1: Population Trend and Growth Rate

City/ Growth Rate
1980 1990 1995 2000 2006 (projected)
Municipality (1995-2000)
Abucay 22,692 26,708 29,270 31,801 35,373 1.79
Bagac 13,109 18,241 20,906 22,353 24,355 1.44
Balanga City 39,132 51,512 60,912 71,088 86,729 3.37
Dinalupihan 41,415 58,172 65,159 76,145 93,060 3.40
Hermosa 25,672 34,633 38,764 46,254 58,055 3.86
Limay 24,281 32,629 40,092 46,620 56,614 3.79
Mariveles 48,594 60,761 76,626 85,779 99,187 2.45
Morong 10,637 17,155 18,731 21,273 25,048 2.78
Orani 33,083 43,494 48,695 52,501 57,849 1.63
Orion 28,049 35,263 39,537 44,067 50,657 2.35
Pilar 18,549 25,244 28,207 32,368 38,627 2.99
Samal 18,041 21,991 24,560 27,410 31,565 2.38
BATAAN 323,254 425,803 491,459 557,659 657,119 2.74
Source: National Statistics Office Handbook and PPDO - Socio-economic Profile 2004
Table 2. Land Area, Population Density and Income Class

Pop’n.
City/ Land Area
Density Income Class
Municipality (Hectares)
(sq. km)
Abucay 7,970 444 Fourth
Bagac 23,120 105 Fourth
Balanga 16,560 777 2nd Class City
Dinalupihan 4,460 1,006 Third
Hermosa 15,730 370 Fourth
Limay 10,300 546 First
Mariveles 15,390 644 Second
Morong 21,920 114 Fifth
Orani 5,916 891 Third
Orion 6,540 774 Fourth
Pilar 3,760 1,027 Fifth
Samal 5,630 561 Fourth
BATAAN 137,296 First
Source: PPDO-Socioeconomic profile 2004
have the highest recorded population. The least

2.3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC
populated towns are Morong and Bagac, with
CHARACTERISTICS
population of 25,048 and 24,355, respectively.
Table 1 presents the population trend.
Demography
The province has 87 coastal barangays

Bataan’s population annually increases
at the rate of 2.74%. This rate was recorded as distributed in 10 coastal municipalities and one
the highest in Region III and was higher than coastal city. The population in coastal barangays is
the national average of 2.2%. As of 2006, the approximately 220,032 or 34.45% of the projected
projected population was computed at 657,119. population of the province for CY 2005. Pilar and
The municipalities of Mariveles and Dinalupihan Dinalupihan have the highest population density
with population of 99,187 and 93,060 respectively, in the province (Table 2).
15
In terms of the number of households, there

was an increase from 98,499 in 1995 to 113,674
in 2000. In 2006, the number of household is
estimated to be 133,847. The average household
size is 4.90 persons per household.
In Bataan, 61.6% of the total population

comprises the working age group (15 to 64 years
old). Individuals aged 0 to 14 years old constitute
34.9%, and those aged 65 and above comprise
3.5% of the 2006 population. Dependency ratio
in 2000 was 62. This means that for every 100
persons in the working age group (15 to 64 Fishing is the most practiced activity along the coastal areas
years), there were 62 dependents, that is 57 of Bataan.
young dependents (0 to 14 years old) and 5 old
dependents (65 years old and above).
Economic Activities About 4.30 hectares are utilized as

brackish water fishponds, which harvest 7
The coastal areas of Bataan are being metric tons per hectare and 143.70 hectares for
utilized for fisheries and shellfish culture, shipping freshwater fishpond with a production of 5.5 metric
and navigation, industries, tourism and recreation, tons per hectare. Production ranges from 2.8 to 5.5
and built-up areas. metric tons or 2.80 to 5.50 kg of milkfish, prawn,
and tilapia per hectare.
Fisheries and Aquaculture
Municipal Fisheries
Bataan has a total of 84 coastal barangays
in 10 coastal municipalities, and 1 coastal city. With the application of the 15-km. limit
Fishing is the most practiced activity along the under RA 8550 and RA 7160 (Local Government
coastal and sea areas of Bataan. Around 220,032 Code), the whole stretch of Manila Bay generally
or 34.45 % of the population is mainly dependent fall under municipal waters of the different LGUs
on this activity as their source of livelihood. There along the bay except for a small area of the center
are two forms of fishing in the area; brackish water of the bay. This serves as the rights of municipal
aquaculture and capture fisheries. Capture fishermen to utilize the bay for their own activities,
fisheries are for municipal and commercial fishing particularly in Bataan where traditional and
activities. marginalized fishermen mostly depend for their
livelihood.
Brackish Aquaculture
As of 2002, there were 6,715 registered
Brackish fishponds are present in the motorized bancas and 3,405 non-motorized
municipalities of Hermosa, Orani, Samal, Abucay, bancas for the municipal fishing activities for the
Pilar, Orion, and City of Balanga, where different whole province. There are about 18 fishing vessels
forms of fishes, mudcrabs, and prawns are being with 18 operators for commercial fishing. (Source:
cultured. One can also find along these areas PPDO – MTDP 2002)
the stretches of mangroves and mudflats that
serve as breeding ground of fish, buffer zone, Transboundary issue among LGUs along
and protection of the fishponds and coastal the bay is a common problem because the
communities during tidal inundation. One of the application of 15-km. limit results in overlapping
major areas of concern is the illegal expansion of jurisdictions. Equity sharing among the LGUs is
fishponds, which encroach on the mangroves, as one of the recommended solutions in this CLSUZP
well as mudflat areas. (see Map 2).
16
On the western side of the province,

the application of the 15-km. municipal waters
limit is a problem of Morong with the Province of
Zambales and the Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority
(SBMA). Municipal and traditional fishermen also
experience conflicting uses due to the presence
of beaches and other tourism and recreational
activities in the area. The presence of nesting
sites of marine turtles along the beaches of Bagac
and Morong should likewise be considered in the
tourism, industrial, and real estate development.
Commercial Fisheries
Several commercial fishing vessels that

weigh greater than three (3) gross tonnages (GT)
operate within Manila Bay. Others operate outside
of Manila Bay as far as South China Sea. RA 8550
authorizes or permits small-scale (3.1 – 20 GT)
commercial fishing and medium-scale (20.1 – 150
GT) commercial fishing vessels to operate within
the 10.1 to 15-km. area from the shoreline of the
municipal waters on the condition that there are
permits from the city/municipal government, and
acting pursuant to an appropriate ordinance. This
has created problems, such as over-fishing and Marine turtles at the Pawikan Conservation Center in Morong.
resulted in conflicts within the municipal waters,
especially the competition between traditional of Lamao, Port of Mariveles, and Port of Orion.
and municipal fishing and commercial fishing. The ports of Lamao and Mariveles are utilized
Such conflicts are prevalent in the municipalities of for cargo vessels and chemical and oil tankers.
Limay, Mariveles, and Morong. Bagac is the only Custom duties are derived from them. Port of Orion
LGU in Bataan that passed an ordinance allowing was established for roll on – roll off (RORO) and
small- and medium-scale commercial fishing passenger ferries. All ships and ferries are bound
vessels to operate within its municipal waters. for Manila and other domestic and international
destinations.
Large-scale commercial fishing is defined
as utilizing active gears and vessels of more than There is also the Maritime Academy
150 GT. of Asia and the Pacific (MAAP), which makes
use of the bay as their training ground for their
Shipping and Navigation students.
Manila Bay is one of the important The Ports of Lamao and Mariveles are
avenues of development of the country which rely among the high-risk areas for oil spills in Manila
on shipping and navigational activities. This can Bay (Manila Bay Oil Spill Contingency Plan).
be seen on the coastal side of Bataan where heavy
industries are complemented with shipping and It is therefore necessary to set up permanent
navigational system. This is mainly concentrated shipping and navigational lanes and aids to avoid
in the municipalities of Limay and Mariveles. In accidents that may arise along the bay due to
addition, the Philippine Ports Authority (PPA) was multiple resource uses.
able to establish three (3) national ports: Port
17
province, the open and free access to fishing and

other sources of fresh food items has become
a strong attraction to the people of Bataan and
nearby provinces to locate in the coastal areas.
Most of the municipalities in Bataan along Manila
Bay are experiencing the pressure of increasing
settlement in their respective coastal areas. The
threat on other resources, such as mangroves and
mudflats continues to crop up due to continuous
reclamation and encroachment of people for their
settlement and other purposes.
Existing Zones/Uses
The existing zones and uses as on Map

Residential area along the coast in Brgy. Lamao, Limay, 4 shows many overlapping and conflicting uses
Bataan of coastal and municipal waters in the 10 coastal
municipalities and 1 coastal city of Bataan.
Industrial Activities along Coastal Areas Concerned LGUs as mandated by RA 7160 find
a hard time to manage their territorial jurisdiction
Medium and heavy industries such as over coastal and municipal waters due to absence
petrochemical estate, oil refineries and depot, of clear demarcation of water boundaries.
power generating plants, grains terminal and
economic zones are concentrated along the Multiple resource-use conflicts also
coastal areas of Limay and Mariveles. These continue to proliferate resulting in over-utilization
industries are the frequent users of the bay. and depletion of coastal and marine resources.
Other than their extensive facilities and structures Incompatible uses of existing zones hamper the
that are positioned on the significant portion development of full potential and sustainability of
of the shoreline, some of these large industrial each zone.
establishments have constructed and maintained
their own ports, piers, and berthing facilities in The aggravating problems will be
support of their activities. resolved with the full cooperation of LGUs and
other stakeholders concerned in proper coastal
Tourism and Recreational Activities management and implementation of this zoning
plan.
There are only a few areas along the
Manila Bay which are being utilized for tourism
and recreation. These areas are found in Balanga
City, Limay, and Mariveles. The primary areas
intended for this purpose are located in the western
side of Bataan along South China Sea. These are
the coastal municipalities of Bagac and Morong,
wherein numerous pristine beaches and potential
areas for tourism development are present. There
is also an established Pawikan Conservation Project
in Nagbalayong, Morong and proposed to be
replicated in other areas of Bagac.
Built-up Areas
Built-up areas consist of residential,

institutional, commercial, and small-scale
enterprises. Aside from being a peninsular A fishing village in Brgy. Palihan, Orani, Bataan
18
Map 4. Existing Zones and Uses of Bataan
19
Socio-economic Condition of Fisherfolks to basic necessities like safe water, sanitary toilets,
and electricity than other households and are more
A comparison of income and social likely to live in makeshift houses or are informal
standing of fishers’ households indicates that the settlers. Also, the size of households of fishers and
poverty situation remains unchanged. After the first of those in the fishing industry is greater than the
major fishery sector project (1990-1994), it is noted national average.
that 80% of the fishers’ households were still below
the poverty threshold despite major interventions,
ranging from full investment packages for fishing
boats and equipment, to community-based coastal 2.4. EXISTING POLICIES AND
resources management. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
The latest family income and expenditure The policy review discusses the legal
survey (NSO, 2001) indicated that economic and framework for the management and conservation
social parameters for fishers’ households reinforced of the coastal and marine ecosystem and resources
this observation. The data showed that in 2000 of the Province of Bataan. It involves only key
(Socio-economic characteristics of households in process of legislation at the national level including
the Philippines, 2000 – NSO, 2001), households Philippine Constitution, Presidential Decrees and
whose heads were fishers had significantly higher Republic Acts and Policy Directives emanating from
poverty incidence than any other household in national government agencies. Resolutions and
general. Furthermore, the average annual income ordinances and explicit policy directives articulated
of fisher’s household and those who work in the in the different land-use plan documents affecting
fishing industry was about P70,000.00, less than the coastal environment originating from Provincial
half of the average annual income of households in and Municipal/City Government are likewise
general which is approximately P144,000.00. This discussed. The nature of the national-provincial-
translates to an average daily income of around city/municipal policy framework for the coastal
P192.00 or roughly, the retail value of 2-kg. of environment is complex, primarily because of the
fish. Low income can be attributed to declining sheer number and overlaps of a multitude of legal
fish catch, estimated to be about 2-kg. per day at and policy measures and the institutions tasked to
present, down from 20-kg. per day, which was the implement them. Given this, a number of policy
average catch during the 1970s. options and choices will need to be studied and
considered carefully by the provincial government
Because of low-income levels, a greater and city and municipalities of Bataan in order to
portion of the income of fishers’ households is be more effective in managing the coastal/marine
spent on food expenditures and a much lesser environment and resources.
share is used for other items, compared to the
income of households in general. It is interesting to Table 4 shows the key international
note that fisher’s household has a relatively higher conventions and national and local policies and
rate of spending on vices, like alcohol and tobacco, legislations. The Review of Policies and Institutional
than in any other household in general. Arrangements is in Appendix A.
Based on the National Statistics Office’s At the International and National Level
(NSO’s) 2001 data, households of fishers have
head of families with relatively low education levels, As far as international laws or policies are
compared to other households in general. More concerned, Bataan’s effort to zone on a provincial
than two-thirds of fishing households have head level should continue to follow, if not improve
of families that are elementary undergraduates. on the pronouncement already found in existing
In contrast, about half of households in general plans at the provincial and city/municipal levels.
have heads who hve attained higher education This is because the various documents from the
level. Fishers’ households have lower access rates local development plans to Bataan Sustainable
20
Table 3. Socio-economic characteristics of households in the Phils., 2000 (NSO, 2001)

% of households whose heads are
All Households
Household Characteristic In the fishing
Fishers (%)
industry
Poverty Incidence*
61.9 59.9
33.7
Distribution of households b educational
attainment of the head
No grade completed 6.5 4.3 4.1
Elementary undergraduate 76.4 77.9 53.3
Elementary graduate 12.3 12.7 20.3
1st - 3rd year high school 3.4 3.6 10.6
High school graduate 0.3 0.3 1.2
College undergraduate 0.2 0.1 0.7
At least college graduate 0.9 1.2 9.8
Access to safe drinking water 61.8 65.8 78.5
Access to sanitary toilet facility 51.5 54.2 82.5
Access to electricity 51.2 55.5 75.4
Proportion living in makeshift houses 2.8 2.8 2
Proportion who are squatting 5.9 6.1 3.1
Mean family size (number) 5.6 5.6 5.1
Mean income
70,244 72,959 144,039
Mean expenditure
62,445 64,297 118,002
Exependiture pattern
Total household expenditure 100.0 100.0 100.0
Food
59.3 58.5 43.6
Alcoholic beverages 1.2 1.3 0.7

Tobacco
2.4 2.4 1.1
Fuel, light and water 5.9 6 6.3

Transportation & communication
3.2 3.4 6.8
Household operations 18.4 18.4 23.2

Personal care & effects 3.5 3.5 3.6
Clothing, footwear & others 2.4 2.4 2.7
Education
2.3 2.3 4.2
Recreation 0.2 0.3 0.5

Medical care 1.2 1.3 1.9
Non-durable furnishings 0.3 0.3 0.2
Durable furniture & equipment 1.4 1.5 2.5
Taxes
0.4 0.4 2.1
House rent 7.9 7.8 14.2

House maintenance & minor
0.9 0.9 0.9
repairs
Special family occasions 1.7 2 2.4
Gifts & contribution to others 0.9 0.8 0.9
Other expenditures 2.9 2.9 2.9
* Proportion of families whose per capita income cannot meet the minimum food and non-food
require. (Source: NSO 2001. Family Income and Expenditures Survey)
21
Development Strategy are at least in written, tourism. The latter, in turn, will permit the
principle. Consistent with national laws, these preservation of forest areas and prime agricultural
are attuned to international treaties, conventions, lands. As medium-term policy statement, the
and agreements. An example of the linkage of existing laws on environmental protection shall be
environmental principles are the United Nations upheld and enforced, while actions to provide basic
Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), infrastructure that have environmental implication
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory (e.g., sanitary landfill sewage treatment) shall be
Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention), and encouraged in the city and municipalities. Notably,
Convention on International Trade of Endangered the provincial plans are specific about certain
Species (CITES), Biodiversity Convention, Ramsar agency duties identifying DENR-EMB, DILG, DA,
Convention on Wetlands, which all contain BFAR, and DAR as lead agencies in environmental
stipulations on conservation of living resources, management and agricultural land conversion
particularly migratory and endangered species, and development. One should also observe that
which in turn are consistent with the commitment although the chosen development is consistent with
to sustainable development in Rio Declaration and the regional development framework assigning
the United Nations Agenda 21. Going down the Bataan West Coast to ecotourism and its East
line, many resources and environmental laws of Coast to agro-industry, actual implementation
the Philippines in the last decade (e.g. NIPAS Act, may differ given key industrial location in Mariveles
Agriculture and Fishery Modernization Act, Clean Air (Bataan Economic Zone), Morong (Bataan
Act, etc.) explicitly stress sustainable development Technology Park), Limay (Petron Bataan Refinery)
as a guiding principle. Hence, implementation of and Hermosa (Hermosa Agro-industrial Estate).
such laws would presumably be in accordance
with international treaties, thereby translating With respect to the development and
abstract commitment into material local mandate. conservation of the coastal/marine environment,
Moreover, recent Philippine environmental laws the Provincial Government is very much aware
(e.g., Ecological Solid Waste Management of its role as steward of these natural resources
Act, Clean Water Act, etc.) are simultaneously and the need to protect these as the province’s
compliant with United Nation Seventh Millennium life support system, not only biologically, but also
Development Goal to “ensure environmental economically and socially. The stakeholders of
sustainability,” in particular through “integrating the Bataan have developed and adopted the Bataan
principles of sustainable development into country Coastal Strategy, Bataan Declaration of support
policies and programs.” and commitment, and the Bataan Sustainable
Development Strategy. A large part of the provincial
Seeking further affirmation beyond economy is anchored on sustainable resource use
stipulation on environmental protection are to be and development, not only of its land resources but
found in the 1987 Constitution and the various also its marine resources. Therefore, sustainable
laws related to agriculture (e.g. RA 7881), fishery development policies are in place at the provincial
and marine resources (e.g. RA 8550), wildlife and level.
habitat protection (RA 9147, RA 7586), forestry
code (PD 705), and land use (e.g. RA 7279), which At the City/Municipal Level
can be a basis of elaborating higher policies for
the purpose of operationalization. Table 4 shows The development plans at Provincial and
the different policy concerns across sectors. City/Municipal levels are vertically aligned. Policy
statements from City/Municipal comprehensive
At the Provincial Level land use plans are reviewed to be consistent with
provincial vision and directions. The proposed
Based on the review of provincial plans, strategies are appropriate to each local government
it is apparent that the chosen growth strategy of unit, particularly on socio-economic development
Bataan is to develop itself as an agro-industrial aspect.
province with strong emphasis on ecological
22
Table 4: Key Policies and Legislation Across Sectors
Specific Area of Spatial Location in Bataan National and Local Policy, Law, International Convention Likely to be Involved
Concern
Fisheries and entire coastline, with International: Fisheries Code of Conduct (FAO)
Aquaculture emphasis on east and south National: Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act, Marine Pollution Decree, Fisheries Decree
coast of 1975, Fisheries Code, Local Government Code, Sanitation Code, EO 533 (Integrated Coastal
Management)
Local: Bataan Coastal Strategy; municipal ordinances
Resource and watersheds and entire International: Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, Biodiversity Convention, CITES, GPA
Environmental coastline National: National Marine Policy, Coral Resources Development Decree, NIPAS Act, Sustainable
Management Forest Management Decree, Forest Timber Charges, Fisheries Code, Clean Water Act, Local
Government Code, Sanitation Code, Solid Waste Management Act, Wildlife Resources and Habitat
Conservation and Protection Act; Indigenous Peoples Rights Act, EO 533 (Integrated Coastal
Management), EO 578 (biodiversity policy), EO 610 (river basin management)
Local: Bataan Sustainable Development Strategy, Provincial Development; various CDPs; municipal
ordinances.
Industrial Expansion south and southeast coast International: Basel Convention on Hazardous Wastes, GPA
National: Indigenous Peoples Rights Act, Water Code, Pollution Control Law, Clean Water Act, Clean
Air Act, Local Government Code, EIA System, Sanitation Code, Toxic and Nuclear Wastes Law, Solid
Waste Management Act, NIPAS Act, Public Estates Authority Law, Medium-Term Phil. Development
Plan, Investment Priority Plan, Regional Frameworks and Development Plans
Local: Bataan Sustainable Development Strategy, PPFP, Provincial Development Plan; various CLUPs
and CDPs
Shipping, Navigation south and southeast coast International: MARPOL Convention on Waste from Ships, London Convention, Basel Convention on
and Sea-based Sources Hazardous Wastes, International Convention on Oil Pollution Prevention Response and Cooperation
of Pollution National: National Marine Policy, Marine Pollution Decree (PD 600 & 979)
Local: Bataan Sustainable Development Strategy, Manila Bay Oil Spill Contingency Plan
Tourism mountainous interior, International: Convention on Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
including rivers, waterfalls; National: Indigenous Peoples Rights Act, Coral Resources Development Decree, NIPAS Act, Mining
coastal: beaches, mangroves, Act, Solid Waste Management Act, Wildlife Resources and Habitat Conservation and Protection Act,
coral reefs; Clean Water Act, EIA System, Sanitation Code, Clean Air Act, Regional Frameworks and Plans
historical and cultural sites Local: Bataan Declaration of Environmental Protection, Bataan Sustainable Development Strategy,
various CLUPs and CDPs,
Property Rights and entire coastline, but more National: Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, including amendments, Urban Development and
Conversion corrective on east coast, Housing Act, NIPAS Act, Wildlife Resources and Habitat Conservation and Protection Act, Water
preventive on west coast Code, Pollution Control Law, Clean Water Act, Local Government Code, EIA System, Sanitation
Code, Solid Waste Management Act
Local: Bataan Sustainable Development Strategy, various CLUPs and CDPs
23
With regard to coastal resource use, the methods; proliferation of informal settlers; and
overall impression derived is that policy statements habitat degradation (Map 5).
and eventual implementations may be more
focused in key areas in order to be effective in The waste generated from land- and sea-
the long run. One strong policy area of the city/ based activities is a problem for all. Absence of
municipalities is on fishery resources, particularly proper waste management in most communities
on the illegal and destructive fishing methods. along Manila Bay aggravates the problem with
Several municipalities have explicit municipal wastes eventually ending up in the water bodies
ordinances on fishery, such as Balanga, Samal, of Bataan.
Abucay, Orion, Limay, Mariveles, and Bagac.
These policy areas can be further strengthened Siltation and sedimentation contribute to
in all coastal municipalities and proclaim an the narrowing and shallowing of waterways and
integrated policy on fisheries. This would facilitate fishing grounds. This problem is mainly caused by
the sharing of resources, services, and information soil erosion from the watershed and upland areas.
among contigous municipalities particularly The province has been taking steps to resolve this
in apprehending violators. An integrated and problem. Process of dredging and desilting of
harmonized fishery policy for the whole province shallow rivers and waterways is currently underway.
would likewise minimize the growing conflicts in Continuous reforestations in upland and watershed
the use of various marine resources. areas are included in the annual programming and
implementation plan of Bataan.
2.5. MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL Illegal and destructive fishing methods

PROBLEMS AND MULTIPLE-USE are being fully addressed. The full support of
CONFLICTS fisherfolks and concerned agencies backing up the
campaign is an important factor. The creation and
The sustainable development of Bataan’s utilization of the Anti-Illegal Fishing Task Force is
coastal areas lies in the resolution of five (5) major concrete evidence of the intent to totally eradicate
problems that are very common in all communities this problem. The task force has been curbing out
residing along the Manila Bay area. These problems the proliferation of illegal fishing activities in the
were identified during the consultation workshops coastal and sea areas of the province resulting in
conducted with the different stakeholders and users an increase in fish catch of sustenance fishermen.
of the coastal areas of the concerned municipalities At present, there are 2 patrol boats (28-footer
of Bataan. Problems identified were: pollution fast crafts) and around 20 motorized bancas
from land- and sea-based activities; siltation monitoring and patrolling the coastal waters of
and sedimentation; illegal and destructive fishing Bataan.
The provision in RA 8550, which provide

among other things, that apprehended vessels,
equipment, nets, and other paraphernalia
engaged in illegal fishing, such as blasting and
cyanide, can be impounded for the duration of the
case filed against it. This will curb illegal fishing
such as trawl, buli-buli, sudsod, etc. A bill should
be filed to make it applicable to all forms of illegal
fishing and this can be easily replicated to other
areas in the country.
The Anti-illegal Fishing Task Force, together with Bantay Proliferation of informal settlers
Dagat (sea wardens), patrol and monitor the coastal waters contributes to the declining mangrove areas due
and apprehend violators.
to encroachment and illegal activities like cutting of
24


#!$%
&&
! " '!
Figure 6. Multiple-Use Conflicts
trees. This issue leads to the narrowing of waterways Apart from the issues and problems that
that is aggravating the pollution problem due to need to be addressed are the multiple-use conflicts
improper waste management. (Figure 6). These conflicts affect the proper
maximum utilization of the coastal area and the
LGUs are now in the process of drafting social conditions.
resettlement plans to lessen the impact of this
problem in their respective municipalities. Some of the conflicts are shipping vs.
fishing and aquaculture; reclamation vs. mangrove
Habitat degradation or loss of precious and mudflat protection; land development vs
habitats will lead to low or even loss of fish catch agriculture and fishponds; tourism vs. informal
and other resources, and loss of functional integrity settling and others.
of ecosystems.
With all these existing issues, problems,
Mitigating measures are now being done and multiple-use conflicts, the coastal environment
to reduce the effects of these problems in the of Bataan is currently facing environmental
coastal areas of the province. and ecological threats that will endanger the
sustainable livelihood and living conditions of the
communities in the coastal area.
Lack of sewage treatment and solid waste management systems has caused the continous deterioration of the water quality of rivers
and coastal waters.
25
Map 5. Coastal Issues and Problems
26
Chapter 3:
COASTAL LAND- AND SEA-USE ZONES
3.1. CLASSIFICATION OF ZONES 8. Sanctuaries (birds, marine

turtles, fish, marine reserve)
The proposed delineation of different 9. Seagrass Restoration and Protection
zones state their functionality based on their Zone
potential uses and socio-economic development 10. Shipping and Navigational Zone
within the coastal and marine areas. 11. Tourism Zone (recreational, cultural,
eco-tourism)
Specific zones along coastal zones along 12. Traditional Fishing Zone
Manila Bay had been matched up with the existing
zones identified in the comprehensive land-use The coastal use zoning involved the
plans of the different municipalities and city of the assessment of functional uses, and suitability of the
province. identified zones (Table 5) and compatibility of zones
(Table 6). The Coastal Land- and Sea-Use Zoning
Classification and identification of coastal Plan, as shown in Map 18, designates specific uses
zones had been undertaken with due consideration of the different zones based on feasible economic
of the complexity of multiple use conflicts, existing and environmental benefits of the coastal uses
and proposed levels of development, existing uses, and resources of Bataan. The zoning plan also
desired outcomes of uses, and suitability criteria. addresses the issues related to priorities of certain
The analysis of issues and problems concerning users and the need to reconcile and/or prevent
the various uses in the coastal and marine areas incompatibilities between and among the different
is in Appendix B. Stakeholder consultations and stakeholders and users of the municipal water and
common understanding also brought out the coastal resources of the province. The CLSUZP
desired classification of other zones. These served also introduces solutions to reduce multiple-
as the crucial factors towards delineating coastal- use conflicts, maintain environmental quality,
use zones focusing mainly on identification of and ensure the sustainable management and
areas intended for conservation and protection, development of the coastal and marine areas.
sustainable use and proper management of coastal
and marine resources.
There are twelve (12) coastal zones that

have been identified by the stakeholders and
assessed for suitability and compatibility. Maps 6
– 17 show the maps and locations of the following
zones:
1. Agricultural Zone
2. Aquaculture Zone
3. Built-Up Area Ricefields abound along stretches of land in Bataan.
4. Coral Reef Restoration and
Protection Zone a. Agriculture Zone (including fishponds)
5. Industrial Zone
6. Mangrove and Mudflat Zone Agricultural areas also cover a portion
7. Municipal Fishing Zone of the coastal stretch of Bataan. Areas are being
27
Chapter 3: Coastal Land- and Sea-Use Zones
utilized for agricultural production of crops, such

as rice, vegetables, mangoes, coconut, and
root crops. There are backyard piggeries and
poultries that are also being raised in the area. A
large portion of the coastal land, stretching from
Hermosa to Orion, is used for brackish water
fishponds where milkfish, tilapia, shrimp, and other
fish are cultured.
Fish pens in Bgy. Wawa,
b. Aquaculture
Abucay, Bataan
Aquaculture is defined under RA 8550
as “fishery operation involving all forms of raising
and culturing fish and other fishery species in fresh,
brackish, and marine water areas.”
This plan defines the aquaculture zone as

an area intended for fish and shellfish operations
like fishpens, fish cages, and mussel and oyster Fish pens in Brgy. Wawa, Abucay, Bataan.
culture. Following the provisions of RA 8550, the
aquaculture areas should not exceed 10 percent
of the municipal waters. The size allocation for the
aquaculture structures should be agreed upon by
the different stakeholders and users of the area,
with the approval of the local governments. The skeletal remains resulting from successive growth
province has big socio-economic potential for and development of hemaxypic corals. Coral reefs
the establishment and management of this zone. are considered one of the important and integral
However, impacts of aquaculture such as the parts of marine ecosystem, and need to be restored
excessive use of feeds that affect water quality, and protected. It serves as nursery and shelter for
have to be mitigated. fish and other associated marine species. They also
provide shoreline protection by absorbing wave
c. Built-up Zone energy.
This zone covers areas where residential, Coral reefs can also be associated with
commercial, educational/academic and institutional tourism-related activities, such as diving and
structures are being built/constructed. snorkelling. These habitats are visible in the coastal
municipalities of Mariveles, Bagac, and Morong.
A management plan on the existing built- Species of bird nest corals (Seriatopora sp.),
up areas should be prepared and implemented Pocilliopora sp., Porites sp., Lobophyllia hemprichii,
to minimize the effect of generated problems on Lobophyllia sp., Heli, Galaxea sp., Favites sp.,
the adjacent zones such as agricultural zone, Bodiannus mesothorax, and Acropora sp. are
aquaculture, fisheries, mangrove areas, and commonly found in the reefs of Bagac.
tourism zone. Specific area for new built-up zones
should be carefully studied and evaluated to ensure Unfortunately, these reefs show signs of
that it will not aggravate the problem on coastal damage due to destructive fishing techniques, e.g.
environment. cyanide and dynamite fishing. The establishment
of the coral reef restoration and protection zone
d. Coral Reef Restoration and Protection is aimed at mitigating the further destruction
Zone of existing coral reefs. Within this zone, marine
protected areas may be established by law and
Coral reefs consist of large rigid structural other effective means to regulate fishing and other
mass of calcium carbonate formed by cement-like activities that may damage this ecosystem.
28
Three-year old mangrove propagules in Bgy. Balut, Pilar.
Major industries, such as the Petron

Bataan Refinery, are located along the organisms of lagoons and nearshore ecosystems,
coasts of the province. such as estuaries, seagrass beds, and coral reefs.
Commercial species of shellfish, shrimps, and
e. Industrial Zones fish rely heavily upon this nutritious food source.
Mangroves also produce organic biomass (carbon)
The industrial zone is characterized by and reduce organic pollution in nearshore areas
industrial parks, special economic processing by trapping or absorption.
zones and manufacturing establishments. For
example, the Petron Bataan Refinery, Bataan Mangrove forests protect the coastal
Combined Cycle Power Plant, Philippine National areas and communities from storm surges,
Oil Company (PNOC) – Alternative Fuels waves, tidal currents, and typhoons. They also
Corporation Industrial Park, and the Bataan
serve as recreational grounds for bird watching
Economic Zone are located in the industrial zone
and observation of other wildlife. Mangrove
in the coastal area. Other industrial plants along
seeds and propagules can be harvested and
the coasts of Limay are Alstom, Limay Grinding
sold. Fish, crustaceans, and molluscs can also be
Mills, Planters Products, and Limay Bulk Handlings
harvested from mangrove areas. Aquaculture and
Terminal, Inc.
commercial fisheries also depend on mangroves
for juvenile and mature fish species. Mangroves
Zoning of industrial areas are important
provide sources of tannin, alcohol, and medicine.
since the delineation and allocation of land for
Unfortunately, mangroves also serve as ideal
industrial purposes provide potential investors
sources of housing materials, firewood and
and development planners with information and
charcoal, and poles for fish traps. These activities
guidelines for the establishment and operation
contribute to the loss of mangrove forests and
of medium- and large-scale industries, including
should be prohibited.
pollution prevention and management facilities.
In Bataan, particularly from the towns of
Orani down to Limay, there are mangrove species,
f. Mangrove and Mudflat Protection Zone such as bakauan babae (Rhizophora mucranata),
bakauan lalake (Rhizophora apiculata), bungalon
The mangrove ecosystem has a lot of (Avicennia marina), api-api (Avicennia officinalis),
ecological and economic benefits. Mangroves pagatpat (Sonneratia alba), and nipa (Nypa
provide nursery grounds for fish, prawns, and crabs fruticans). Their roots, trunks, and branches
and supports fisheries production in coastal waters. provide better anchorage during high winds and
One great benefit is the nutrients produced from waves. The prop roots also provide attachment
decomposing leaf litter. This partially decomposed substrates for a multitude of marine organisms.
detritus is exported to and used by the many aquatic Mangroves have succulent leaves to retain fresh
29
water and salt excreting capabilities to maintain

internal osmotic (salt/water) balance.
Part of the mangrove and mudflat

rehabilitation and protection zone is the buffer
area that is intended to provide an extra layer
of protection around the protected area while
providing limited livelihood opportunities based on
sustainable resource utilization. It aims to provide
a social fence to prevent encroachment into the
protected area by outsiders. Buffer areas should
be treated as an integral part of protected area
in area management planning.
Fish ponds in Orion, Bataan.
g. Municipal Fishing Zone
damage the ecosystem of the area are prohibited
This zone refers to fishing activities within and human access is restricted. Basically,
municipal waters using small- and medium-sized a fish sanctuary should have the following
fishing vessels of three (3) gross weight tons or less. characteristics:
Trawling and other destructive forms of fishing are
strictly prohibited. This zone should not cut across 1. It is a strictly protected area and
any other zone except shipping and navigational any fishing activity is not allowed to
zone. take place.
2. It is managed and enforced by
h. Sanctuary Zone the community and co-managed by
the Local Government Unit (LGU).
The sanctuary zone is where the habitat and 3. It has a legal basis for
its associated biodiversity are conserved, consistent establishment.
with the management plan and with Protected
Areas Management Board (PAMB) approval. In A community that has a fish sanctuary will
particular, (i) indigenous community members and/ have the following benefits:
or tenured migrants and/or buffer zone residents
may be allowed to collect and utilize natural 1. Protected and increased habitat
resources using traditional sustainable methods quality;
that are not in conflict with biodiversity conservation 2. Increased abundance in quantity
requirements; (ii) research using reintroduction of
indigenous species may be undertaken; (iii) and
park visitors are allowed limited use, provided and quality of fish and marine
no clearing, settlements, commercial utilization, species;
or other activities detrimental to biodiversity 3. Protected population of fishes
conservation shall be undertaken. The level of particularly diminishing varieties
allowable activity can be expected to vary from one and ensuring against stock collapse;
situation to another. The utilization of this area is 4. Increased genetic diversity and
in accordance with the regeneration of resources improved biodiversity of marine
and functional characteristics of the area. species;
5. Easier enforcement compared to
(1) Fish refuge or sanctuary other fishery management
approaches;
Fish sanctuary is a designated area 6. Open access scheme will be closed
where fishing or other forms of activities that may and converted to managed scheme;
30
7. Increased research and Most common species of turtles that nest

educational opportunities. in the shores of Bagac and Morong are olive
ridleys (Lepidochelys olivacaea), a precious natural
(2) Marine reserves heritage that had only been rediscovered in Bataan
in recent years. Other species are the leatherback
The marine reserves are designated areas and hawksbill turtles.
where activities are regulated and set aside for
educational and research purposes. Strict sanctuary Marine turtles are gravely threatened due
conditions are not mandated for the entire area, to human activities. The marine turtle sanctuary
and access and activities, such as boating, mooring is intended to save and protect the remaining
and certain fishing techniques may be allowed. pawikans (marine turtles) that come and breed in
Benefits from having a marine reserve include the beaches of Bagac and Morong.
increased spawning stock, spillover-enhanced
catch to those that are close to the reserve area,
presence of migratory species, improved habitats,
increased productivity, maintained genetic diversity
within the fish stocks, enhanced biodiversity and
species protection, and reduced conflict among
fishery and other sectors.
Bird sanctuaries provide a haven for migratory birds.
(4) Bird Sanctuary
Bird sanctuaries will be established in

The presence of sanctuaries give turtles such as the Olive
Ridleys a place to lay their eggs.
some mangrove areas in Baaan. Migratory birds
from all over Asia flock to the mangrove areas
of Orani, Samal, Abucay, Balanga City, Pilar,
and Orion during the winter months. Number
of birds counted in Bataan in 2005 reached
(3) Marine turtle sanctuary 5,543 during the pilot activity for the Integrated
Environmental Management Program of Manila
Marine turtles are transboundary creatures, Bay Environmental Management Project. Other
meaning, they travel from one place to another. forest and sea birds also use the mangrove and
In a general perspective, their existence plays mudflat areas as feeding grounds.
an important role in balancing the marine
environment. The protection of these species is a
must in all areas where they lay their eggs because
marine turtles, though they travel great distances,
always come back to the place where they were
hatched to breed anew.
31
i. Seagrass Restoration and Protection The shipping lanes are those used for
Zone vessel traffic, and intended for vessels calling at,
departing from, or docking at the Port of Orion,
Seagrass beds are dominated by flowering Port of Lamao, and private ports of large industrial
grasses that thrive in sandy-muddy portions of companies along the coastal areas of Limay and
the inter-tidal zones. They are highly productive Mariveles.
habitats that serve as the transition zone between
coral reefs and mangroves. Seagrass beds possess The fishing vessel lanes are intended for
erect leafy shoots and creepy stems or rhizomes fishing boats/banca. This area will be applied to
that aid in propagation. They are normally all coastal city/municipalities of Bataan.
found in areas where light can easily penetrate
(shallow, clear, clam waters). Seagrass beds Port operation areas are designated
are characterized as refuge, spawning, nursery areas adjoining the shipping lanes and adjacent
ground, shelter, and food for fish, invertebrates, to the shoreline that are being utilized or reserved
turtles, and seahorses, and contribute to shoreline for anchorage, manoeuvering of ships, cargo,
stabilization. Shrimps, sea cucumber, sea urchins, passenger transport, and other related operations
seahorses, crabs, scallops, mussels, and snails are in the different ports of Bataan.
economically important and abundant in seagrass
beds. Bataan, being a peninsula, is a province
Seagrass species, such as Eucheuma spp., where shipping plays a major role both in
are found in the municipalities of Hermosa, Samal, accessibility of passenger and cargo transport.
Abucay, Balanga City, Mariveles, Bagac, and The Philippine Ports Authority – Port Management
Morong. However, they are usually degraded due to Office in Limay has jurisdiction over the private ports
pollution from land-based activities and destructive of Petron Bataan Refinery, Planter’s Products, Inc.,
fishing practices. Restoration and protection zone PNOC Petrochemical Development Corporation,
for this ecosystem is essential considering the and Oilink International Corporation. The
ecological and economic importance of seagrass Mariveles Collection Unit (MCU) has jurisdiction
beds. over the private ports of Robust Rocks Resources,
Inc., Edison Bataan Cogeneration Company,
Herma Port Complex, SMC-Bataan Malt Terminal,
and ATI-Mariveles Grains Terminal.
Bataan is host to numerous ports and is a major shipping

venue
The province offers a number of events and attractions that

draws tourists every year.
j. Shipping and Navigational Zone
k. Tourism Zone
This zone covers areas for port and
shipping operations, and lanes for ships and Among the key activities in the tourism
fishing vessels. zone are recreation, visit to cultural and historical
sites, and eco-tourism.
32
(1) Recreational
The recreational sub-zone is the area

where sports, such as jet skiing, bancathon,
kayaking, aqua biking, and other recreational
activities are allowed. These recreational zones are
found in the Muni-cipalities of Mariveles, Bagac,
Areas such as these provide oppurtunities for recreational ac-

tivies
Digging for clams (kabios) is a common practice in Brgy. Wawa,

Abucay, Bataan.
and Morong facing the South China Sea.
(2) Cultural/Historical
Cultural/historical sub-zones are areas that

are known to have significant historical, cultural,
Dambana ng Kagitingan (Shrine of Valor) and/or religious values where traditional rites
exist and ceremonies and/or festivities/practices
are observed. Such zone is identified in order to
preserve, educate the youth, and showcase the
Bataan is considered as one of the major rich culture of the province. Historical areas may
tourist destinations in the Philippines particularly be found in Mariveles, Pilar, and Bagac.
during the summer months. Local and foreign
visitors also flock to the province in time for the (3) Eco-tourism
celebration of “Araw ng Kagitingan” at the Shrine
of Valor atop Mt. Samat on April 9 of every year. These areas are reserved or proclaimed
Not only the locals and foreigners visit the province as eco-tourism destinations where trekking/boating
to commemorate the gallantry and bravery of their on mangrove areas, open sea boating, diving,
glorious past, but also to enjoy the pristine waters snorkelling, and bird watching can be done.
and sandy beaches of Bagac and Morong. Coastal eco-tourism is defined as tourism in
harmony with nature, which is usually associated to
The delineation of tourism zone is a key a responsible travel to natural areas that conserves
strategy in promoting tourism as an economic and the environment and sustains the well being of the
income-generating activity. However, the zoning local people.
plan also aims to regulate tourism activities to
mitigate the negative environmental and social
impacts.
33
l. Traditional Fishing Zone
This zone covers areas where the

traditional form of fishing is practiced with the use
of gears, such as hook and line (kawil), snares
(panukot), spear and spear gun (pana, pamana),
scoop nets (panalok), and cover pot (pangilaw) for
subsistence.
The proposed Coastal Land- and Sea-Use

Zoning Plan, as shown in Map 18, designates
specific uses of the different zones based on
feasible economic and environmental benefits of
the coastal uses and resources of Bataan. The plan
will also address the issues related to priorities of
certain users and the need to reconcile and/or
prevent incompatibilities between and among the
different stakeholders and users of the municipal
waters and coastal resources of the province. This
plan also includes actions to reduce multiple-
use conflicts, maintain environmental quality
and ensure the sustainable management and
development of the water body and its resources
(Chapter 4).
34
Map 6
35
Map 7
36
Map 8
37
Map 9
38
Map 10
39
Map 11
40
Map 12
41
Map 13
42
Map 14
43
Map 15
44
Map 16
45
Map 17
46
Map 13
47
Table 5. Functional Uses and Suitability Criteria for Each Zone

ZONE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ZONE COASTAL AREAS COVERED
Agricultural Zone - Agricultural production Province-wide for agricultural production
o Areas with fertile soil for agricultural crops
o Irrigable areas Coastal areas from Hermosa to Limay for
- Fishpond operations fishpond operations
o In flow of brackish water
o Muddy and sandy loam soil
o Presence of mangroves
Aquaculture Zone - Zone suitable for the culture of fish and other marine Orani to Limay
resources like shellfish, segrass, giant clam, oysters
etc. Selected areas in Mariveles, Bagac, and
- Depth of the sea is within reach by bamboo pole used Morong.
as stake and structure for mussel cage
- Existence of mussel culture, fishpen, cage structure in
the area
Built-up Areas - Residential areas and settlements Province-wide

Zone - Presence of urban centers
- With land route areas
- Supportive to other developments (e.g. commercial,
institutional, small scale industries, etc.)
Coral Reef - With sandy and rocky bottom

Restoration and - Presence of thriving coral reefs in the area Mariveles, Bagac, Morong
Protection Zone - Water free of any pollution
- Serve as fish habitat, feeding, and spawning area of
other marine animals
Industrial Zone - Presence of small, medium and large industries

- Provides opportunities for jobs, income Limay, Mariveles, Hermosa, and Morong
- Presence of deep sea harbour for pier development
- Proclamation of the area as industrial/ economic
zones
Mangrove and
Mudflat Protection
Zone
Mangrove - Existence of mangrove in the area Orani to Orion
- Presence of inflow of brackishwater
- Provides food and sanctuary for other marine life
- Muddy tidal flat
- Serves as pollution sink and shoreline protection
Mudflats - Habitat for shellfish and other marine organisms Orani to Orion
- Stretch of muddy tidal flat with alluvial sand bars
48
Table 5. Functional Uses and Suitability Criteria for Each Zone (continued from page 48)
Municipal Fishing - Deep seabed Deep sea area of Orani – Mariveles,
Zone - Abundance of different pelagic and demersal species Bagac, and Morong
- No existing structure that would hamper fishing
activities
Sanctuaries Zone - Breeding area for fish and other marine animals
(fish, marine - Availability of natural habitats and resources (e.g. Specific areas in coastal city and
turtle, birds, etc.) corals, seagrass, etc.) municipalities
Seagrass - Sandy bottom Orani, Samal, Orion, Mariveles, and Bagac

Restoration and - Nursery, feeding, and spawning area and shelter of
Protection Zone marine animals
- Seabed soil suitable for seagrass propagation
Shipping and - Deep sea bed leading to port zone Deep sea areas: Orion, Limay, Mariveles,
Navigational Zone - No illegal structure that would obstruct shipping and Bagac, and Morong.
navigation
Tourism zone - Presence of sandy and clean beaches Bagac, Limay, Mariveles, and Morong
- Areas with aesthetic and scenic values
- Availability of other ecotourism related resources (e.g.
marine turtle sanctuary, coral reefs, etc.)
- Accessible to other infrastructure and amenities
- Areas with cultural and historical values
Traditional - Shallow area All coastal LGUs

Fishing Zone - Presence of marine resources (e.g. mussels, capiz,
clams, crabs, fish, and others)
- Presence of traditional harvesting and collection
of resources in the area (selective and manual
collection, hook and line, etc.)
- Can be reached by walking
49
Not compatible
Not applicable
Compatible
Legend:
NA
O
X
O
O
X
X
Traditional Fishing Zone
Tourism Zone (recreation, cultural & eco-tour-

O
O
X
X
ism)
O
X
X
Shipping & Navigational Use Zone
O
O
X
X
Seagrass Restoration & Protection Zone
X
O
O
X
X
Sanctuaries (fish, marine turtles, birds)
O
X
X
Municipal Fishing Zone
O
O
X
X
O
Mangrove and Mudflat Zone

O
O
X
Industrial Zone X
X
X
O
O
X
Coral Reef Restoration & Protection Zone

O
O
X
Built up Area/Agricultural Area

X
X
O
O
X
Aquaculture (fish pens/cages, shellfish farms)

Table 6. Zones Compatibility Matrix
O
X
Agricultural Zone (farms, inland fishpond)

Shipping & Navigation Zone
Traditional fishing Zone

Municipal fishing Zone
ZONES
Aquaculture Zone
Agricultural Zone
Sanctuary Zone
Coral reef Zone
Industrial Zone
Seagrass Zone
Tourism Zone
Built-up Zone
50
3.2. CLSUZP REGULATORY SYSTEM

A coastal use regulatory system will
be implemented for the different municipalities
and city of Bataan. The system aims to protect
designated use of coastal zone and mitigate
adverse environmental impacts of certain economic
activities. The system will incorporate the allowed
(dominant, compatible, and regulated) and
prohibited uses of each identified zone in support
of management policies of coastal land and sea
areas. For each delineated coastal use zone,
different regulations will be applied or developed
(if not existing) and imposed on various land and
sea-based human activities. Table 7 provides the
guidelines and criteria for allowed and prohibited
uses and activities in each zone. Allowed uses
are further classified into dominant, compatible,
and regulated uses. The location of each zone in
each municipality/city is shown in Table 8 and 9.
Maps 19-29 show the coastal use zoning maps
for the different coastal municipalities and city of
Bataan.
51
52
Table 7. Guidelines for the Coastal Land- and Sea-Use Zones
ALLOWED USES SUPPORTING RESPONSIBLE
PROHIBITED/ RE-
ZONES NATIONAL POLI- AGENCY/
DOMINANT COMPATIBLE REGULATED STRICTED USES
CIES INSTITUTION
Agricultural • Agricultural • Residential • Establishment • Use of harmful/ LGUs*
Zone production of commercial prohibited pesti- R.A. 8435 DA
(crops, livestock, and backyard cides and fertilizers
orchard) piggery and • Improper solid
poultry and liquid waste
disposal
• Tourism activities
• Fishpond opera- • Mangrove • Fishpond • Residential R.A. 8550; LGUs*

tions planting operations • Improper solid R.A. 8435 DA-BFAR
and liquid waste DENR
disposal
• Excessive use of
feeds
Aquaculture • Fish and shell- • Artificial reef • Establishment • Shipping and navi- LGUs*
Zone fish culture • Tourism of structures gational activities R.A. 8550; DA-BFAR
areas • Research and for fish traps/ • Solid and liquid R.A. 8435; DENR
educational cages and waste disposal R.A. 9275;
purposes mussel culture from land- and sea- R.A. 6969;
• Sustenance/ based sources P.D. 979;
traditional fish- • Excessive use of P.D. 984;
ing feeds P.D. 856
• Mariculture • Squatting/informal
settling
Built-up • Settlement/ • Small-scale, • Establishment • Squatting/informal P.D. 296; LGUs*

Zone residential area light industries of small- and settling R.A. 7279; HUDCC/NHA
• Institutional medium-scale • Untreated, solid, R.A. 9003; DENR
• Commercial commercial toxic, and hazard- R.A. 9275; DPWH
and industrial ous waste disposal P.D. 1151; DTI
establishments P.D. 1586; DepEd
R.A. 7942 DOH
DSWD
PNP
Table 7. Guidelines for the Coastal Land- and Sea-Use Zones (continued from page 52)
PROHIBITED/ RE-
CIES INSTITUTION
Coral Reef • Breeding, • Marine • Tourism and • Collection/ R.A. 9147; LGUs*
Restoration spawning, reserve recreation harvesting of any R.A. 7586; DENR
and feeding area for • Tourism (diving & type of corals R.A. 8550; DA-BFAR
Protection marine fishes, • Research and snorkelling) P.D. 1219 PNP
Zone turtles, etc. study • Research and • All fishing activities PCG
• Coral reef study DOT
sanctuary or • Use as shipping DOST-PCMARD
protected area and navigational POs, NGOs
• Fish sanctuary lane Private sector
Industrial • Industrial • Commercial • Establishment/ • Tourism P.D. 1152 LGUs*

Zone development expansion of development Sec.24; DTI
refinery oil • Fishing activities R.A. 9003; PEZA
and chemical • Untreated liquid, R.A. 9275; DENR
depot, solid, toxic, and R.A. 6969; PPA
quarrying hazardous waste P.D. 1151;
activities, & disposal P.D. 1586;
mangrove • Residential R.A. 7942
planting
Mangrove • Mangrove • Ecotourism • Mudcrab • Cutting of R.A. 8550; LGUs*

and Mudflat planting. sites culture mangroves P.D. 705; DENR
Protection • Rehabilitation • Bird • Collection of • Conversion of R.A. 9147; DA-BFAR
Zone and protection sanctuary dried branches mangrove areas R.A. 7161; DOT
• Food and • Research and for fuelwood into other uses R.A. 9003; PNP
Mangroves sanctuary educational • Establishment • Building structures DENR DAO POs, NGOs
for birds and purposes; of ecotourism within mangrove 15-90;
marine life avifauna structures areas P.D. 1067, Art.
• Mangrove monitoring (e.g., • Encroachment 51;
nursery and Conversion of boardwalks, of built-up areas CA 141; CA349
collection of abandoned etc.) (settlement)
propagules for fishponds • Collection of
replanting back into associated
• Protection of mangroves. mangrove
shoreline species, (e.g.,
nipa)
• Mudflat • Bird • Mangrove • Conversion/
Mudflats
protection sanctuary planting reclamation of
• Habitat for • Research and • Dredging for mudflat areas
shrimp, crabs, educational fishing vessel (e.g., settlement,
53
etc. purposes navigational commercial,

lane & industrial
purposes)
54
PROHIBITED/ RE-
CIES INSTITUTION
Municipal • Municipal fishing • Establishment • fishing • Shipping and R.A. 8550; LGUs*
Fishing using small- to of artificial navigational R.A. 7160; DA-BFAR
Zone medium-sized reefs activities, except R.A. 8435; DENR
fishing boats of • Marine for fishing lanes R.A. 9275; PNP
3 gross weight reserve • Large-scale R.A. 6969; PCG
tons (gwt) and commercial fishing R.A. 9003; DOST-PCMARD
below activities (boats of P.D. 979 POs, NGOs
more than 3 gwt)
• Illegal fishing
• Illegal dumping of
wastes
Sanctuaries • Haven and • Research and • Fishing • Any form of fishing R.A. 9147; LGUs*
Zone spawning educational activities activities in fish R.A. 7586; DA-BFAR

- fish ground of purposes • Research and sanctuaries R.A. 8550; DENR
- marine marine fishes/ • Eco-tourism study • Built-up areas P.D. 1151; PNP
turtle turtles • Mangrove • Eco-tourism (residential, P.D. 1586; PCG
- birds • Fishery reserve areas activities commercial) Proclamation DOST-PCMARD
- marine • Marine turtle • Coral reef • Building • Industrial 2146; DOT
reserve conservation reserve structures development R.A. 9275; POs, NGOs
area for turtle, • Shipping and R.A. 6969;
• Bird sanctuary bird and fish navigation R.A. 9003;
sanctuaries, • Dumping of wastes P.D. 979
and
conservation
area
Seagrass • Seagrass • Research and • Recreation • All types of fishing R.A. 9147 LGUs*
Restoration rehabilitation educational (diving & activities DA-BFAR
and and protection purposes snorkeling) • Use as shipping P.D. 1219 DENR
Protection • Food and haven • Eco-tourism • Research and and navigational R.A. 8550; PNP
Zone for marine fishes study lane R.A. 7586; PCG
• Fish sanctuary • Collection of P.D. 1151; DOST-PCMARD
• Marine reserve seagrass P.D. 1586; POs, NGOs
Proclamation
2146;
R.A. 9275;
R.A. 6969;
R.A. 9003;
P.D. 979
PROHIBITED/ RE-
CIES INSTITUTION
Shipping • Shipping • Tourism • Passage/entry • Fishing activities E.O. 125; LGUs*
and operation • Research and of fishing • Tourism and R.A. 5173; DOTC
Navigational activities educational vessels recreational P.D. 979 PPA
Zone • Port purposes • Construction activities MARINA
development and operation • Solid & liquid waste PCG
and operation of ports disposal from ships PNP
• Vessel traffic • Tourism and boats DENR
use • Research and • Building/ Private sector
education establishment of
fishing structures
(i.e., fish pen/
cages, mussel
structure, etc.)
• Fish sanctuary;
marine reserve
Tourism • Tourism • Research and • Tourism • Aquaculture P.D 564; LGUs*

zone activities educational development: • Agriculture P.D. 1152 Sec. DOT
• Eco-tourism purposes structures • Industrial 59; PTA
• Historical and • Recreational • Shipping and P.D. 1151; NHI
cultural site activities navigation P.D. 1586; NCCA
preservation • Commercial • Squatting/informal Proclamation DENR
• Recreational and residential settling 2146; PNP
fishing • Traditional • Building structure R.A. 7942; DTI
fishing (in within the 20-m P.D. 856; DepEd
coordination salvage zone of P.D. 1067, Art. 51; POs, NGOs
with beach foreshore area CA 141; CA349;
resort owners) R.A. 9275;
R.A. 6969;
R.A. 9003;
P.D. 979
Traditional • Sustenance • Fishing • Harvesting of • Establishment R.A. 8550 LGUs*

Fishing fishing using sanctuary shellfish and of fishpen/cage, DA-BFAR
Zone traditional • Shellfish fry (selective mussel structure DENR
fishing method protection collection) • Entry of PNP
(e.g., paddled zone (i.e. • Seaweeds commercial and PCG
and small capiz, etc.) culture municipal fishing DOST-PCMARD
motorized banca • Seagrass • Eco-tourism vessel POs, NGOs
and acceptable protection • Trawl and “barilya”
net size) zone method of shellfish
• Manual • Seaweed collection
extraction/ culture • Shipping and
collection of navigation
55
resources • Built-up areas
• Illegal fishing
Table 8. Zone Location

DISTANCE FROM COASTLINE (Seaward) AND KEY FEATURES
AGRICULTURAL AQUACULTURE BUILT-UP ZONE CORAL REEF INDUSTRIAL MANGROVE

MUNICIPALITY ZONE ZONE RESTORATION ZONE & MUDFLAT
(Including fishpens) ZONE & PROTECTION
PROTECTION ZONE
ZONE
Within the existing 2 - 4 km

ABUCAY areas 150 m
50 m buffer zone
2
seaward
2,000 m /module 25 has.
with 50 m Reclamation
spacing on all (Wawa, Calaylayan)
sides
BAGAC 200 m
Existing sites
BALANGA Within the existing area 0.5 km-2.0 km

(1.5 km)
100 m
100 m2/module
with 25 m
spacing on all
sides
LIMAY 0.5-1.5 km 150 m Shoreline 150 m

(1 km) Existing sites of Lamao & (Alangan)
Kitang II
ORANI Within the existing 2-4 km 200 m

agricultural areas,
except for illegal
fishpond 200 m and
2,000 m2/module
establish buffer
with 50 m
zone against
spacing on all
settlement
sides
(informal settlers
encroachment)
ORION Within the existing area 1.0-2.5 km 100 m

(1.5 km)
First 500 m for

fishtrap
100 meters,
except for Daan
1 km for mussel Pare which is 200
culture meters and
establish buffer
zone against
settlement &
informal settlers
PILAR Within the existing area 1.0-2.5 km 800 sq.m 50 m

Reclamation in Balut Balut to Landing
2,000 m2/module
with 25 m
spacing on all
sides
56
Table 8. Zone Location (continued from page 56)

MARIVELES 30 has.to be Existing sites Shoreline

reclaimed in of Lucanin,
Poblacion Batangas II,
Alas-asin,
Baseco,
Sisiman,
Bataan
Ecozone
MORONG Existing sites Along river sides
SAMAL Within the existing area 2 to 3.5 km

except for the illegal 200 m
fishpond 2,000 m2/module
with 50 m
spacing on all
sides
Table 8. Zone Location
SEAGRASS
MUNICIPALITY MUNICIPAL TRADITIONAL
SANCTUARY RESTORATION TOURISM
FISHING SHIPPING AND FISHING
ZONE AND ZONE
ZONE NAVIGATION ZONE ZONE
PROTECTION
ZONE
ABUCAY 4 km up to 50 m width 2 km
municipal Mabatang
water
boundary 100 m width
Abucay River
50 m width
Capitangan
BAGAC 1-15 km Marine turtle 200 m Based on PPA 1 km 200 m

sanctuary (10,000 m2 and Coast Guard
(Montemar, Brgy Look coastal Standard
Quinawan) area)
2 km up to
BALANGA 150 m width Sibacan
municipal
200 m width
water
Tortugas &Pto. Rivas
boundary
50 m fishing boat
5.5 km. up Part municipal 500 m 2 km
LIMAY to municipal zone
Major port shipping
water (fish sanctuary) Part of
lane will be based
boundary this will be
on PPA and Coast
intended
Guard Standard
for fish
sanctuary
4 km up to
ORANI 50 has. 2.0 km -2.2 km 50 meters width 2 km
municipal
water
200 meters
boundary
57
Table 8. Zone Location (continued from page 57)
ORION 2.5 km up 50 has. between 200 m

to municipal Daang Pare and 50 m for fishing boat 1 km
water Capunitan (within Sta. Elena & Puting and 500 m for Orion
boundary traditional fishing Buhangin Port
zone)
2.9 km up
to municipal 40 m width all rivers
PILAR water (Wawa & Balut) 1.4 km
boundary
MARIVELES 1.5 up to 50 m Based on PPA

municipal and Coast Guard 1.5 km 100 m
water Standard (cove to
boundary cove)
1.5 km up Marine Turtle Based on PPA 1.5 km 300 m

MORONG to municipal Sanctuary and Coast Guard
water (Nagbalayong, Standard
boundary Poblacion,
Sabang)
Marine
Reservation Area
( Matikis)
Fish Sanctuary
(Sabang)
SAMAL 3.5 up to 200 m 50 m width 1.8 km

municipal All rivers
water
boundary
58
Table 9. Coastal Land- and Sea-Use Zone, by Municipality/City
Coral Reef Restoration & Protection
(recreation, cultural & eco-tourism)

Seagrass Restoration & Protection
Shipping & Navigational Use Zone

(fish pens/cages, shellfish farms)
Built up Area/Agricultural Area
(fish, marine turtles, birds)
Traditional Fishing Zone

(farms, inland fishpond)
Municipal Fishing Zone

Municipality
Agricultural Zone
Industrial Zone
Tourism Zone
Aquaculture
Sanctuaries
Zone
Zone
1 Abucay
2 Bagac
3 Balanga
4 Dinalupihan
5 Hermosa
6 Limay
7 Mariveles
8 Morong
9 Orani
10 Orion
11 Pilar
12 Samal
NEW COASTAL LAND AND SEA USE ZONES
1 Agricultural Zone (farms and fishpond) 7 Municipal Fishing Zone
Aquaculture (fish pens/cages, shellfish

2 8 Sanctuaries New
farms)
3 Built-up Area Zone 9 Seagrass Restoration & Protection Zone Existing
(Commercial, Residential, Institutional) 10 Shipping & Navigational Use Zone NA
4 Coral Reef Restoration 11 Tourism Zone (recreation, cultural & eco-tourism)
and Protection Zone 12 Traditional Fishing Zone
5 Industrial Zone
6 Mangrove & Mudflat Restoration
and Protection Zone
Note: Fish Sanctuary, Marine Turtle Sanctuary (Strict Protection)

Mangrove,coral,seagrass (Restoration, Protection and Habitat Management Zone)
59
Map 19
60
Map 20
61
Map 21
62
Map 22
63
Map 23
64
Map 24
65
Map 25
66
Map 26
67
Map 27
68
Map 28
69
Map 29
70
Chapter 4:
POLICY FRAMEWORK AND ACTION PLANS
4.1. POLICY FRAMEWORK, OPTIONS, Most large industrial enterprises have

AND APPROACHES FOR THE established their own ports. The Philippine Ports
VARIOUS ZONES Authority (PPA) had been able to put up major
ports located in Orion, Limay, and Mariveles that
Policy framework is necessary in achieving are being utilized for passengers and cargoes.
solutions for the issues previously discussed. The
rationalization of present activities along Manila The natural advantage of the deep
Bay and western coastal side of Bataan should be harbors in Limay and Mariveles encourage future
done to guide the present uses of the province’s development and continuing industrialization of
coastal/marine areas for proper utilization. It the coastal areas. Thus, zoning and programs
should also take into consideration all existing for conservation of coastal ecosystems must be in
laws, administrative orders, development plans place to ensure sustainable development of the
and other similar documents of the different levels coastal areas.
of governance focusing primarily on regulatory
and developmental matters. Some policies can Provincial/Municipal Level
be extracted from the statements and views of
responsible public officials and leaders of various The provincial government has an explicit
organizations with deep concern on the coastal policy regarding coastal/marine protection as
areas of the province. indicated in the Bataan Declaration and Bataan
Sustainable Development Strategy (updated Bataan
Multi-level policy framework for the Coastal Strategy). Much of its policies were attuned
different functional zones of coastal and marine to the physical framework or the land usage of the
areas should be crafted to ensure clear perspective province as embodied in the Provincial Physical
on the different uses and to guide them in proper Framework Plan (PPFP). The PPFP also provides the
development and management of coastal and direction of land development and utilization up
marine areas, including the protection of habitats, to the shoreline area, however, it does not include
resources, and historical and cultural sites. provisions and guidelines for the water bodies of
municipal waters. The CLSUZP aims to delineate
National/Regional Level the zones and uses of the coastal land and waters,
and then integrate and harmonize this with the
The Manila Bay area, which encompasses PPFP.
the eastern coastal area of Bataan, serves as the
prime mover in national economic development Although all the coastal city and
in terms of shipping, industrial, agricultural and municipalities of the province have formulated
other socio-economic activities. In the coastal their own policies/ordinances for the utilization and
part of Bataan in particular, the bay serves as the protection of their municipal waters, the dilemma
main contributing lane of boosting the economic lies in the confusion among different uses of the
development of the province. Large economic coastal/marine areas which often take place due to
and industrial zones concentrated in Limay and different views on the implementation of policies/
Mariveles utilize the bay as their gateway in loading ordinances.
and unloading their products to and from other
places of destination.
71
Chapter 4: Policy Framework and Action Plans
Assigning specialized function and

delineating allowed and prohibited uses and activities
for the different zones based on their characteristics,
suitability criteria, compatibility/incompatibility
criteria, potential for development, and legal
provisions resulted in common understanding and
vision for the proper management and sustainable
development of each zone and the entire coastal
and marine area, and in the formulation of
supporting policies and action programs.
The provision of supplemental livelihood projects and

a. Municipal Fisheries and Aquaculture microfinancing through the ICM Program has resulted in the
protection of coastal habitats and increase in income of the
At present, multiple activities, such as fisherfolks.
fishing and established shellfish and aquaculture

structures, are in existence in the different municipal b. Coastal Settlements and Built-up Areas
waters. These multiple activities oftentimes result
in several conflicts which caused the continuous Actions:
degradation of coastal/marine resources. RA
8550 stipulates that municipal fishing area should A detailed survey and assessment of the
be properly delineated based on functional uses, number of informal settlers on the coastal areas
and adoption of the policy of shared opportunities and waterways should be conducted in order to
among the different types of fishermen and focusing formulate the necessary interventions to mitigate
on sustainable management. Aquaculture areas the adverse impact on coastal management.
should not exceed ten percent of the municipal
waters. A decision has to be made regarding the
outcome of the informal settlers along the coastal
Actions: areas. Immediate control is to be done. Transfer of
informal settlers as well as designation of transfer
1. Delineate areas intended for traditional sites, and provision of alternative housing and
fishing, aquaculture, and municipal livelihood for affected settlers must be reviewed and
fishing zone and place demarcation considered in the zoning plan implementation.
materials (buoys/markers).
Proposed coastal reclamation should be
2. Establish fishery reserves/sanctuaries in subject to a series of evaluation and consultation
strategic places. regarding the advantages and negative effects
to the community and coastal resources prior
3. Conduct Information, Education, and to its implementation. An environmental impact
Communication (IEC) campaign. assessment (EIA) should be conducted. There
should be consultation and coordination wih the
4. Strictly implement fishery laws and Public Reclamation Authority, DENR and other
ordinances. Strengthen the Anti-illegal concerned offices of the provincial government,
Logging and Anti-illegal Fishing Task affected LGU/municipal government, and other
Force. stakeholders.
5. Provide technical assistance to the Construction of houses and other

fisherfolks for proper fishing and buildings must comply with the National Building
aquaculture practices. Code and zoning of residential and commercial
areas. Building permits should be secured and
complied with.
72
c. Buffer and Easement
Buffer and easement should be established

in and around the identified protection and
sanctuary zones and along banks of waterways
to avoid encroachment of other incompatible
activities. Setback (salvage) zones must be
established along beaches and foreshore areas
to avoid coastal erosion, protect marine turtles,
birds, etc., and preserve aesthetic values. Buffer
zones around waste management facilities (e.g.
sanitary land fill) should also be established.
d. Industrial Areas
The Shrine of Valor atop Mt. Samat is the most recognized
historical landmark of the province.
Actions:
Appropriate criteria should be developed e. Tourism and Recreation Areas

by LGUs in granting location clearance to new
industries seeking waterfront access. Tourism and recreation areas are
mostly located on the western part of Bataan.
Industries to be located in coastal and Establishment of structures must be regulated
other critical and environmentally sensitive areas based on the national laws and local ordinances.
have to submit Environmental Impact Assessment No obstruction or structure is constructed within
and secure Environmental Clearance Certification the 20-meter salvage zone.
(ECC) from DENR. LGUs shall give building permits
only upon submission of ECC by the industry and Objectives:
compliance with the National Building Code. The
DENR and LGUs should also monitor compliance 1. Preservation of cultural and historical
with the provisions of the ECC and building sites.
permits, as well as the national laws, particularly
those pertaining to waste management. 2. People-oriented and community-based
ecotourism plan.
3. Conservation of habitats (e.g.

mangroves, seagrass beds, coral reefs,
forests, etc.) and environmental
protection.
Actions:
1. Review and assess existing policies on

tourism and recreation.
2. Formulate provincial ecotourism master

The Limay Grinding Mills Corporation along the coast of plan and necessary regulatory and
Limay, Bataan. market-based incentives.
3. Strengthen tourism linkages with other

sectors.
73
4. Conduct IEC for responsible tourism. Actions:
5. Establish user fee system and use 1. Enact ordinance designating port,
of the collected user fees for the shipping and navigational zones
conservation of natural habitats,
resources, cultural and historical sites 2. Delineate navigational zones and
and waste management. set up markers (buoys), demarcation
lines and other navigational aids.
f. Ports, Shipping, and Navigation
3. Conduct IEC campaign.
Shipping and navigation could come in
conflict with other coastal/marine users such as 4. Implement vessel traffic scheme.
municipal fishers. To pave the way for effective
shipping activities, permanent navigational lanes 5. Establish port reception facilities.
should be established. Upon identifying these
lanes, fishermen should be cautioned on the area
intended for shipping vessel lanes. Industrialization
that has to do with shipping must ensure that good
water quality is maintained, particularly for oil and
other petroleum products. Port reception facilities
should be established to manage the solid and
liquid wastes from ships. Ballast water (which may
contain invasive species) must likewise be propertly
managed.
With the exception of private ports

handling specialized types of cargo, other
ports should be prevented from interfering with
major shipping lanes. Appropriate vessel traffic Industries in the province require the use of ports in their
management scheme must be observed and daily operations.
infrastructure support, such as navigational aids,
good road network and other amenities must g. Agriculture
be provided to encourage maximum patronage
of major ports in Orion, Limay, and Mariveles. Objectives:
Regulatory measures should be enforced to
discourage further reclamation and construction 1. Sustainable agricultural management
of private ports. (including fishpond operation).
Objectives: 2. Increased income from agriculture.
1. Management of sea-based sources of 3. Food security.

pollution.
Actions:
2. Reduction of shiping-related accidents.
1. Provide guidelines and technical
3. Development of ports and shipping assistance, and conduct IEC on proper
industry. application of fertilizers and feeds.
2. Provide extension services for more
74
restoration.
2. Formulate ordinance for the protection

and restoration of coral reefs. Establish
marine protected areas.
3. Encourage community participation/

involvement for the restoration and
protection of coral reefs.
4. Conduct IEC campaign on the

importance of coral reefs, and damages
Agriculture remains a major industry in Bataan.
caused by illegal fishing, dumping of
wastes, siltation and sedimentation.
effective and efficient agricultural and
fishpond operations. i. Mangrove and Mudflat Areas:
3. Implement integrated pest management. Objectives:
h. Coral Reefs 1. Protection and conservation of

mangrove and mudflat areas.
Objectives:
2. Protection of biodiversity and
1. Coral reef restoration and protection. endangered species.
2. Protection of biodiversity. 3. Increased fish abundance.
3. Increased fish abundance and species Actions:

composition.
1. Establish mangrove nurseries.
Actions:
2. Introduce community-based mangrove
1. Conduct inventory/assessment of forest management areas.
existing coral reefs. Identify areas for
The people of the province have been conscious of protecting their mangroves and rehabilitating denuded areas. The establishment
of mangrove nurseries aims to provide seedlings and propagules for mangrove reforestation activities.
75
3. Strictly implement laws/ordinance k. Sanctuaries

regarding illegal cutting of mangroves
and unauthorized conversion of areas Objectives:
(mangrove/mudflat) into other uses.
1. Strict protection and management of
4. Conduct IEC campaign regarding the
sanctuaries.
importance of mangrove and mudflat
areas.
2. Protection of rare and endangered
5. Restore degraded mangrove areas. species.
6. Provide supplemental livelihood 3. Increase in fish stocks, composition,

program. and abundance.
j. Seagrass beds Actions:
Objectives: 1. Assess marine areas and identify

areas suitable for establishment of
1. Restoration and protection of seagrass
sanctuaries and marine protected
beds/areas.
areas.
2. Improvement of biodiversity and
protection of endangered species. 2. Establish fish, turtle, and birds
sanctuaries and marine reserves.
3. Increase in fish abundance and diversity.
3. Involve community in the protection
Actions: and management of the sanctuaries.
1. Establish community-based seagrass 4. Strictly implement of laws and

rehabilitation and management ordinances for the protection of
program. sanctuaries.
2. Conduct IEC program on the ecological
5. Conduct IEC campaign and advocacy
importance of seagrass.
on the importance of sanctuaries.
3. Strictly implement laws and
ordinances.
4. Provide supplemental livelihood

program.
One of the priority actions to restore Manila Bay is the Bataeños are increasingly becoming aware of the value of
rehabilitation and protection of seagrass beds. establishing sanctuaries.
Caption needed scouts cleanup.

76
l. Water use 4. Establish and operate sewage treatment

system.
Objective:
5. Formulate and implement water
1. Improvement water quality and conservation strategy.
sustainable use of water resources.
6. Protect and restore forests, watershed
Actions: areas and water reservoirs.
1. Formulate pollution control strategy and 7. Formulate program to improve

action plans. water supply system, reduce reliance
on groundwater, and improve access
- Implementation of Solid Waste and distribution.
Management Program (per RA 9003).
- Regular monitoring and sampling of 4.2. ACTION PROGRAMS TO
water bodies (rivers, coastal bathing ADDRESS MAJOR ISSUES
waters, offshore waters). AND PROBLEMS
- Implementation of Clean Water Act,
Toxic and Hazardous Waste The objective tree analysis identifies
Management Act and Sanitation options and alternative solutions or activities to
Code. address each major problem and issue of concern
in the coastal environment of Bataan. The analysis
2. Activate Solid Waste Management also provides clear direction and understanding of
Board (SWM) and implement SWM Plan. the outcomes. Appendix C presents the objective
trees for each of the key problems or issues
3. Establish Material Recovery Facilities of concern. The following matrices show the
in all municipalities (or cluster objectives and activities corresponding to each
municipalities/city) and sanitary landfill. major environmental problem in Bataan.
Coastal cleanups have become a regular practice among the stakeholders of Bataan.
77
Table 11
Problem: ILLEGAL AND DESTRUCTIVE FISHING METHODS
Affected Zones: Traditional fishing, Aquaculture, Municipal fishing, Coral reef protection, Seagrass
protection, and Sanctuaries Zones
SUPPORTING
TIME RESPONSIBLE
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITIES INDICATOR POLICIES
FRAME INSTITUTION
AND LAWS
Abolish/wipe Enact/implement an Number of Long-term LGUs RA 8550

out illegal integrated fishing ordinance ordinances FARMCs RA 9147
fishing encompassing the different drafted and BFAR, OPA, MAOs
activities uses and harvesting of fishes implemented in
and other marine resources each municipality/
and appropriate penalties city.
Harmonized
fishing
ordinances.
Strengthen Anti-Illegal Number of Short-term LGUs, FARMCs,
Fishing Task Force through seminars/ BFAR, PNP,
paralegal courses, additional workshops Fishermen’s
manpower, boats and conducted; Organizations
equipment.
Number of boats
and equipment
Conduct regular patrolling Number of Long-term LGUs, PNP,
of coastal and sea areas patrolling activities FARMCs, Bantay
(municipal waters). Dagat
Strictly implement fishery Number of cases Long-term LGUs, PNP, BFAR,

laws and ordinances. filed and resolved FARMCs, Anti-
Illegal Fishing Task
Force
Conduct IEC Campaign. IEC program in Short- to LGUs, PNP, BFAR,
Involve stakeholders in place long-term DepEd, OPA,
monitoring and reporting of MAOs, PIA, PIO,
incidents/violations. FARMCs, media
Provide technical assistance Number of fisher Short- to LGUs, BFAR,

and training and skills folk trained medium-term DepEd, FARMCs
development for appropriate
fishing and aquaculture
practices/methods.
78
Table 12
Problem: POLLUTION (LAND- AND SEA-BASED)
Affected Zones: Mangrove protection, Coral reef protection, Seagrass protection, Traditional fishing,
Municipal fishing, Industrial, Tourism, Shipping and navigation, and Built-up Zones
SUPPORTING
RESPONSIBLE
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITIES INDICATOR TIME FRAME POLICIES AND
INSTITUTION
LAWS
Develop and 1. Reactivate local Solid Waste A sanitary landfill Long-term LGUs RA 9003
implement Management Board and and materials DENR PD 984
proper prepare a 10-year SWM plan. recovery facilities Private Sector
waste (solid (MRFs) established
and liquid) and operationalized
management
system. 2. Establish an integrated solid An SWM plan Short-term LGUs, DENR, DOST, RA 9003
waste management system formulated and DepEd, DILG PD 984
in all municipalities and city of adopted
Bataan.
3. Establish a toxic and 1 system Medium term LGUs, DENR, DOH, RA 6969;
hazardous waste management DOST, private sector PD 1586 (EIA)
system.
4. Establish sewage and Length of sewerage Medium- to LGUs, DENR, RA 9275;
wastewater treatment facilities system; Long-term Private Sector, the PD 856
(for residential, commercial and Number of Community (Sanitation Code)
industrial). treatment facilities;
Number of
household and
establishments
covered/served
Control the Develop alternative land-based Treatment and Short-term LGUs RA 9003
dumping of treatment and disposal site. disposal site DENR RA 9275
sewage, solid established DOST RA 6969
waste and PCG PD 600, PD 979,
contaminated Enact and enforce ordinances Ordinances passed PPA PD 984, London
dredged on illegal dumping of waste by the province and MARINA Convention,
materials in each municipality MARPOL
the coastal and city Convention
areas of
Bataan.
Stop discharge Establish collection system for Number of Short-term LGUs PD 600, PD 979,
of operational used oil from fishing boats and collection system DENR PD 984, London
waste (i.e. ships. and facility FARMCs, PPA, PCG, Convention,
used oil, oily MARINA, Private MARPOL
bilge, and Sector, Fishermen’s Convention,
ballast water) organizations OPRC
from ships and
fishing boats. Establish shore reception Number of shore Short-term LGUs, PPA, DENR,
facilities in major ports (national reception facilities Private Sector
and private) of Bataan. established
Immediate Formation of a multi-sectoral One team trained Short-term LGUs, DENR, PPA,
response oil-spill prevention and quick and maintained PCG, MARINA,
on oil-spill response team. Coast Guard, PDCC,
incidences. MDCCs, Private
Formulate local/provincial oil Oil spill contingency Sector (oil and
spill contingency plan in line plan for Bataan shipping companies)
with the Manila Bay Oil Spill developed
Contingency Plan. and adopted;
regular exercises
conducted
(together with
Manila Bay team)
79
Table 13
Problem: SILTATION AND SEDIMENTATION
Affected Zones: Mangrove protection, Coral reef protection, Seagrass protection, Traditional fishing,
Municipal fishing, Built-up, Agriculture, Tourism, Shipping and Navigation Zones
SUPPORTING
RESPONSIBLE
INSTITUTION
LAWS
Reduce Identification and evaluation of Number of areas Short-term LGUs, DPWH,
siltation and heavily silted areas (e. g., rivers identified DENR, POs, NGOs,
sedimentation and waterways). Private Sector
along the
coastal area. Conduct dredging activities: Long-term LGUs
- prioritize areas to be List of priority areas DENR
dredged DPWH
- dumping of dredged Volume (cm3)
materials to proper sites dredged
Reforestation of denuded Areas (ha) planted; Long-term LGUs, DENR, PD 705 (Forestry
upland/ watershed areas. Private Sector, the Code);
Number of Community EO 318
Forge community-based forest seedlings planted; (Sustainable
management agreements Forest
Number of Management)
Develop alternative livelihood CBFMAs;
programs for kaingeros and
upland farmers Livelihood program
established
Removal/dismantling of illegal Number of Short-term LGUs, DENR, PNP,

fishing structures along rivers illegal structures BFAR, FARMCs,
and waterways. demolished DPWH
Table 14
Problem: INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS
Affected Zones: Mangrove and Mudflat Protection Zone, Built-up Areas, Agricultural Zone, Tourism Zone,
Sanctuaries
SUPPORTING
RESPONSIBLE
INSTITUTION
LAWS
Control/resettle Conduct inventory and Number of informal Short-term LGUs, DPWH, RA 7279;
informal assessment of informal settlers/ settlers/structures FARMCs PD 1084;
settlers along structures along the coastline, EO 648
the coastal riverbanks and waterways.
areas and
waterways. Implement a program for the Number of Long-term LGUs, DPWH, NHA
relocation of informal settlers programs/projects
along the coastline, riverbanks
and waterways.
Provide alternative livelihood Number of livelihood Long-term LGUs, DSWD, DA,
program for the relocated programs TESDA
informal settlers.
Develop and implement Short-term LGUs, DENR,
standard guidelines concerning POs, FARMCs,
buffer and set back zones for Private Sector, the
mangrove/mudflat, riverbanks Community
and beaches, and tourism
areas.
80
Table 15
Problem: DEGRADED HABITATS
Affected Zones: Mangroves and Mudflats, Seagrass, and Coral Reef Protection Zones, Tourism Zones,
Built-up areas, Industrial Zone, Shipping and Navigation Zone, Sanctuaries
SUPPORTING
RESPONSIBLE
INSTITUTION
LAWS
Restoration Establish buffer zones on the Areas (ha) Short-term LGUs, BFAR, DENR, RA 9147 (Wildlife
and protection identified areas of seagrass established FARMCs Resources
of seagrass beds, seaweeds and coral and Habitat
beds, reefs. Conservation and
seaweeds, and Protection Act);
coral reefs. Conduct inventory and Areas (ha) covered; Short-term LGUs, BFAR, DENR, RA 7586 (NIPAS
assessment of seagrass beds, Species FARMCs Act);
seaweeds, coral reefs, marine composition and PD 1219 (Coral
flora and fauna, and rare and abundance Resources
endangered species. Development and
Conduct regular patrolling on Number of Long-term LGUs, BFAR, PNP, Conservation
the areas of seagrass beds, patrolling activities FARMCs, Bantay Decree);
seaweeds and coral reefs. Dagat PD 705 (Forestry
Code);
Establish seaweed/marine- Area (ha) of Short- to long- LGUs, BFAR, DENR, Biodiversity
culture and livelihood program seaweed culture. term FARMCs, Pos, OPA, Convention
in suitable areas MAOs, Private sector EO 578 (National
Number of Biodiversity
beneficiaries. Policy)
Restore and perfect seagrass Area (ha) of Short- to long- LGUs, BFAR, DENR,
beds and coral reefs restored seagrass term FARMCs, POs, OPA,
beds and coral MAOs, Private Sector
reefs
Restoration/ Establish mangrove nursery. Number of sites Short-term LGUs, DENR,
rehabilitation established FARMCs
and protection
of mangrove Conduct/implement mangrove Area (ha) Long-term LGUs, DENR,
and mudflat reforestation projects. reforested POs, NGOs,
areas. Number of Private Sector, the
seedlings planted Community
Establish buffer zones on Width (meters) of Short-term LGUs, DENR,
mangrove and mudflat buffer zone FARMCs, Fishpond
areas vis-à-vis built-up and operators
aquaculture areas.
Forge community-based Number of sites Short-term LGUs, DENR,
forest management identified and FARMCs, POs
agreements (BCFMAs) established
between government and
POs for sustainable mangrove
resource use.
Conduct inventory and Areas (ha) covered; Short-term LGUs, BFAR, DENR,
assessment of mangrove and Species FARMCs
mudflat areas, marine turtles, composition and
avi-fauna, and other rare and abundance
endangered species.
Monitor and report any Regular monitoring Long-term FARMCs, POs,
shoreline development that and evaluation NGOs, the
threatens existing mangrove, reports Community
mudflat, seagrass, and coral
reef areas.
Strict enforcement of laws Number of Long-term LGUs, PNP, DENR,
protecting coastal habitats. apprehensions and BFAR, FARMCs,
cases filed and POs, NGOs, Anti-
resolved against Illegal Fishing Task
violators of the laws Force
and ordinances
81
82
Chapter 5:
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1. CONCLUSION that is mandated to set policies and guidelines

for the implementation of the Bataan Sustainable
The Coastal Land- and Sea-Use Zoning Development strategy, including the management
Plan (CLSUZP) reflects the optimistic value of and protection of the coastal area and its
specialized use pattern of the coastal areas of resources.
Bataan. It includes a set of actions to reduce
conflicts among several users of the water body 2. Endorsement and adoption of the
and coastal resources of the province and address CLSUZP by all concerned LGUs, stakeholders,
major issues and areas of concern. The plan beneficiaries and users of the coastal areas and
clearly indicates specific activities, timeframe, municipal waters to reduce multiple-use conflicts,
and responsible agencies/institutions to attain the and establish common understanding and
corresponding objectives. direction of plan implementation. Enactment of the
municipal/city ordinances for the adoption and the
The undertaking of short-, medium-, and implementation of the CLSUZP.
long-term solutions stated in the plan will greatly
contribute to the rehabilitation and reversion of 3. Allocation of user fees, funds and taxes
the present status of coastal resources. A lot of that would be generated from the use of coastal
opportunities will be opened-up and created. areas and municipal waters for the enforcement of
this zoning plan, and implementation of the actions
Guided by the CLSUZP, concerned LGUs and projects stated in this plan.
could generate income from user’s fee of their
municipal waters and resources. Collectively, they 4. Delineation of each zone in the
can deal with or resolve situations and conflicts exact municipal water boundary of all concerned
effectively and formulate future plans of action LGUs.
for the sustainable development of their areas of
jurisdiction. 5. Establishment of municipal ICM
councils that will provide the coordinating
In the long run, the success and failure mechanism among different implementing
of this plan largely depends on the acceptance agencies and LGUs to avoid overlapping of
and commitment of every LGU, stakeholder and functions and fund allocation.
user of the coastal area of the whole province of
Bataan. 6. Harmonization and integration of
CLSUZP and existing Comprehensive Land Use
5.2. RECOMMENDATIONS Plans (CLUPs) and Provincial Physical Framework
Plan. CLUPs need to be reviewed and revised
To ensure the success of the Coastal Land- accordingly. Maps 30-31 show the land-use
and Sea-Use Zoning Plan (CLSUZP), the following and integrated land use and coastal use zones,
suggestions should be considered: respectively.
1. Institutionalization of the present Institutional Arrangements

Project Coordinating Committee (PCC) into the
Sustainable Development Coordinating Council 1. Institutional Mechanism for the
(SDCC), which will act as the governing body Implementation of the Plan.
83
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations
A Sustainable Development Coordinating

Council shall be created as a coordinating body
that will focus primarily on the implementation
of BSDS and CLSUZP. This Council should be
given mandate to provide policy directions and
guidelines in line with implementation of the BSDS
and CLSUZP.
The Council will be composed of multi-

sectoral representatives from various institutions
and organizations from the public and private
The ICM Program Coordinating Committee represents
sectors, academe, media and civil society groups public-private partnerships at its best, with every stakeholder
(Figure 7). of Bataan working together to ensure the success of the ICM
program.
This inter-agency and intersectoral
coordinative mechanism is deemed necessary to
avoid fragmentation of government responsibilities
and duplication of efforts of different sectors
involved in the coastal management and sustainable
development programs.
The Council shall undertake resource and

environmental management and protection in line
with sustainable development mission, goals and
objectives, and on issue- and/or area-specific
actions subject to the validity of criteria being used,
and consistency with existing policies and laws.
Under this SDCCl are five (5) committees,

which will have specific roles and responsibilities,
for the attainment of objectives set forth in the BSDS
Implementation Plan and CLSUZP. Each committee
shall be composed of agencies and organizations
that have the capability aligned to perform the
functions of the committee.
The ICM Program Management Office

under the Provincial Planning and Development
Office (PPDO) will act as the Secretariat of the
Council.
Collaborative efforts among Provincial,

City/ Municipal Councils (Sangguniang Bayan/
Sangguniang Panglunsod), the League of Mayors
and the ICM Council shall be established to
strengthen the needed policies, legislation and
action programs identified in the BSDS and
CLSUZP.
84
85
86
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(
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2/3
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8

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Figure 7. Bataan Sustainable Development Coordinating Council
87
Bataan Integrated Coastal Management Program

Program Management Office
Alexander M. Baluyot
Officer-in-Charge &
Chairman, TWG
Maria Carmelita C. Reyes-Hina

Planning & Administrative Officer
Eleanor S. Tabing
Community Affairs Officer
Karen June A. Balbuena

Technical Assistant
88
The Bataan Coastal Care Foundation, Inc.
aims to act as a catalyst and provide counterpart
funding for the Bataan Integrated Coastal
Management Program (BICMP) to build better
coastal governance, explore ways for a dynamic
& sustainable public-private partnerships in
environmental management, increase awareness,
and promote community participation in coastal
resources management.
Specifically, it aims to: Member Companies
1. P u r s u e t h e d e v e l o p m e n t a n d • Ayala Land, Inc.

implementation of a framework in • Bataan Polyethylene Corporation
resolving multiple marine and coastal • Bataan Thermal Power Plant
use conflicts; • Core Maritime Corp.
2. Explore ways and means for a dynamic • Grand Asia Shipping Lines
and long-term cooperation between the • Herma Shipyard, Inc.
public and private sectors; • Liquigaz Phils. Inc.
3. Increase awareness among the various • Limay Bulk Handling Terminal, Inc.
stakeholders of Bataan regarding the • Maritime Academy of Asia and the
value of coastal and marine resources and Pacific
the importance of their role in sustainable • Orica Philippines, Inc.
development, and; • Petrochem Corp. of Asia-Pacific
4. Enable the BICMP to become a catalyst • Petron Corporation
in rehabilitating Manila Bay through the • Petron Foundation, Inc.
Manila Bay Environmental Management • Philippine Resins Industries, Inc.
Project. • Planters Products, Inc.
• PNOC – Alternative Fuels Corp.
For the Coastal Land and Sea-Use • San Miguel Corporation
Zoning Plan, the BCCF serves as GEF-UNDP-IMO • Total Philippines
PEMSEA’s institutional partner. • Unioil Petroleum Philippines, Inc.
BOARD OF TRUSTEES and EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
BCCF EXECUTIVE
COMPANY REPRESENTATIVE POSITION
POSITION
Ayala Land, Inc. Joseph Anton Bengzon AVP for External Affairs
Petron Foundation, Inc. Marilou G. Erni Executive Director President
Petron Corporation Alfred A. Trio VP for Refinery & General
Manager
Maritime Academy of Asia & the Pacific VADM (Ret.) Eduardo Ma. R. President
Santos
Philippine Resins Industries, Inc. Concepcion I. Tanglao VP for Corporate Plans VP for Administration
Remedios G. Herrera VP for Finance Treasurer
Total Petroleum (Philippines) Ma. Lourdes L. Espina Manager for Corporate Affairs Public Affairs
Director
Philippine National Oil Company-Alternative Peter Anthony A. Abaya President & CEO VP for Programs
Fuels Corporation
Metro Alliance Holdings & Equities Weslie T. Gatchalian Asst. Vice President
Corporation (formerly Bataan Polyethylene
Corporation)

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MISSION STATEMENT

The Global Environment Facility/United • advance scientific and technical

Mission Statement (GEF/UNDP/IMO PEMSEA) ………………………………… IFC

Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………... viii

Sangguniang Panlalawigan Resolutions ........................................................ xi

Chapter 1: Introduction ……………………………………………………..... 1

1.1 The Coastal Zone

Chapter 2: Existing Situation ……………………………………………........ 11

2.1 Physical Characteristics

Chapter 3: Coastal Land- and Sea-Use Zones …………………………....... 27

3.1 Classification of Zones

Chapter 4: Policy Framework and Action Plans ……………………………… 71

4.1 Policy Framework, Options, and Approaches

Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations …………………………...... 83

Bataan Coastal Care Foundation, Inc. (BCCF) IBC

1. Total Population per City/Municipality

1. Parts of the Coastal Area

1. Provinces and Coastal Waters Within the Manila Bay Area

Coastal Land and Sea-Use Zones

Coastal Land- and Sea-Use Zones, per Municipality/City

30. Land-Use Map of Bataan

1. The Bataan Sustainable Development Strategy

LIST OF ACRONYMS and ABBREVIATIONS

BFAR – Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

BCCFI – Bataan Coastal Care Foundation, Inc.

BSDS – Bataan Sustainable Development Strategy

BICMP-PMO – Bataan Integrated Coastal Management Program

BNP – Bataan Natural Park

CBFMA - Community-Based Forest Management Agreement

CITES - Convention on Trade in Endanged Species

CLUP - Comprehensive Land-Use Plan

CSEZ – Clark Special Economic Zone

CPUE – catch per unit effort

CWTS – Civic Welfare Training Service

DAR – Department of Agrarian Reform

DENR – Department of Environment and Natural Resources

DENR-CENRO - Department of Enrivonment and Natural Resources-Community

DENR-PAWB – Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Protected Area

DENR-PENRO – Department of Environment and Natural Resources

Dep Ed – Department of Education

DILG – Department of Interior and Local Government

DOH – Department of Health

DOST – Department of Science and Technology

DOT – Department of Tourism

DTI – Department of Trade and Industry

EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment

EMB – Environmental Management Bureau

EMS – Environmental Management System

FARMC – Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council

FUND – International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for

FSP-DA – Fisheries Sector Program-Department of Agriculture

GDP – Gross Domestic Product

GEF – Global Environment Facility

ICM – Integrated Coastal Management

IEC – Information, Education, Communication

IEIA – Integrated Environmental Impact Assessment

IEMP – Integrated Environmental Monitoring Program

IIMS – Integrated Information Management System

IMO – International Maritime Organization