NavigationEngineering:

UnderstandingtheBasics
Producedby
WaterwaysCommitteeand
NavigationEngineeringSubcommittee
Coasts,Oceans,Ports,andRiversInstitute

PresentedbyWilliamH.McAnally
[email protected]

Outline

MarineTransportationSystem
NavigationEngineeringDefined
Principles&Criteria
Channels
Locks
InformationSources
Q&A
BonusMaterial
2

MarineTransportationSystem(MTS)
Thecollectionofwaterways,ports,vessels,equipment,
intermodalconnectors,informationsystems,and
stakeholdersthatworktogethertomovepeopleand
goodsfromorigintodestinationusingwaterborne
transportforatleastpartofthejourney.

Inland,Coastal,andOcean

MTSParticipants
Shippers
Carriers
Passengers
FreightHandlers
Agenciesthatregulate
andcontrol
Organizations&agencies
thatprovideservices

[CAM]

NavigationEngineering
4

MTSU.S.Contributions

90%ofimportsandexports
$1TrillionAnnually
>13Millionjobs
MilitaryandHomelandSecurity

[USN]
5

[TTI]

Alternate Transportation Mode Comparison

15-Barge Tow
22,500 Ton
767,500 Bushels
6,804,000 Gallons

1 Barge

Jumbo Hopper Car

100 Car Unit Train

Large Semi
26 Ton
910 Bushels
7,865 Gallons

58 Trucks

15 Jumbo
Hoppers

870 Trucks

1 Tow
21/4 Unit Trains

Equivalent Lengths

1/4 Mile
15 Barge Tow
[COE]

2 3/4 Miles
2 1/4 Unit Trains

34 1/2 Miles
Assuming 150 Ft. Between Trucks

NavigationEngineering
Lifecycleplanning,design,construction,operation,and
maintenanceofsafe,secure,reliable,efficient,and
environmentallysustainablenavigablewaterways(channels,
structures,andsupportsystems)usedtomovepeopleand
goodsbywaterbornevessels.

WaterResources,
Port,Coastal&
OtherEngineering

Navigation
Engineering

Naval
Architecture

Whydowecare?
Internationaltradeessentialforeconomy
(&growing)

Waterwaytransportreducescosts
Waterborneissustainabletransportation
ASCEWaterwaysConditionReportCard:
(http://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/)

Aginginfrastructurewillberepaired/replaced
(morethan100locksolderthan50yeardesignlife)
8

NavigationEngineeringProjects
Connectingvesselstoports

9
[COE]

SomeU.S.PortsandWaterways

25,000 miles of channels

[COE]

NavigationEngineeringProjects
Connectingvesselstoports Stockton,CA

11
[COE]

NavigationEngineeringProjects
Connectingvesselstoports NewYork

12
[COE]

NavigationEngineeringProjects
Multipurposeprojects TennTomWaterway

[COE]
13

NavigationEngineeringProjects
MultiPurposeProjects BonnevilleLock&dam

14
[COE]

EngineeringPrinciples*

Safe
Effective
Efficient
Costeffective
Reliable
Robust
Enviro.Sustainable
SocietalGoals
Aesthetic
Secure

RootedinCodesofEthics
ASCECanon1:Engineersshall
holdparamountthesafety,
healthandwelfareofthepublic
andshallstrivetocomplywith
theprinciplesofsustainable
developmentinthe
performanceoftheir
professionalduties.
ASCECanon4:Engineersshall
actinprofessionalmattersfor
eachemployerorclientas
faithfulagentsortrustees,and
shallavoidconflictsofinterest.

*ASCEManual116

15

NavigationChannels
DesignPrinciples:
Depth,Width,Alignmentforsafety,effectiveness,

Datum
Vessel

16

NavigationChannelDesignCriteria
SimpleDesignRules(ASCEManuals94and107)
Depth:designvesseldraft+underkeel clearance
Width:basedondesignvessels,traffic,assistance,
&navigationaids
Alignment:Rulesforminimumradiiandadverse
conditions(bridges,currents,etc.)
Datum

Vessel

17

NavigationChannelDesignCriteria
(continued)
VesselSimulation
Reducescost
Increasessafety

COE

Webinar:30April

18

NavigationChannelClasses
Depth
ShallowDraft..Depth<1520ft
Typically8to12ft

DeepDraft.Depth>1520ft
Typically30to70ft

Location
SeaLanes
CoastalEntranceandHarbor
Intracoastal
Inland
19

ShallowDraftInlandChannels
Designfor:Tow=Pushboat +1to50Barges
TypicalChannel:Min9ftdeepby300ftwide

[CAM]

20
[COE]

10

DeepDraftCoastalChannels
Designforvessels:Container,
Bulk,BreakBulk,etc.
Typical:40ftdeep,400ftwide

21
[COE]

[COE]

TrainingStructures
Reducechannelsedimentation
Preventadversecurrents
Blockwaves

SedimentManagement
Webinar:24Sept

[COE]
22
[COE]

11

Dredging
[COE]

NewWork:removevirginmaterialtoachieve
requiredchanneldimensions
Maintenance:removesedimentaccumulationsto
preserve/restorechanneldimensions
PlacementofMaterial&BeneficialUses
DredgingWebinar:
27June

23

Locks
Structureswhichallowpassageofvessels
whilepreventingfreeflowbetween
waterbodies.

24
[COE]

12

UpperMissStaircaseofLocks

Davenport
RockIsland

700

Minneapolis
St.Paul

UpperSt.AnthonyFallsL&D
799.2ftmsl

St.Louis

500

300ft

900miles

700

500

300

150

TypicalLockElements

Guardwall/
Guidewall*

Guidewall/
IWall*

UpperPool
Spillway

ControlHouse
Chamber
Gates

LowerPool

26

[COE]

13

LockVariations
Parallel

Series
[COE]

27
[PCA]

LockVariations(continued)

Series
&Parallel
28
[PCA]

14

ExampleLockLengthwiseSection
UpperGate

LowerGate

Lift
Depth
OverSill

UpperPool

Chamber

Lower
Pool

FillingSystem

29

LockChamber

30

15

LockGates Mitre

[COE]

31

LockGates VerticalLift

[COE]

32

16

LockFilling&Emptying

[COE]
33
[COE]

LockDesignCriteria
Length&Width:Safelyholdlargestdesign
shiportow&maximizethroughput
Depthoversill:Designvesseldraft+
underkeel clearance
Gates:typeandsizeforlift
Filling&EmptyingSystem:Rapidlyraise/lower
withminimalchamberturbulence
Guardwall:preventadversecurrents(e.g.,
outdraft)
34

17

Lock&DamConstruction
Concretecastin
place
Prefabricatedfloatin

[COE]

[BCG]

35

Lock&DamMaintenance
[COE]

36

18

InformationSources
NavigationEngineering
ASCEManuals
50:SmallCraftHarbors
94:InlandNavigation
107:ShipChannels
116:Navigation
Engineering&Ethics
124:InlandNavigation
ChannelTrainingWorks
ASCEJournals
TransportationResearch
BoardReports

CorpsofEngineersManuals
PIANCReports
WG6:SustainableInland
Waterways
102:Minimising Harbour
Siltation
106:InnovationsinLock
Design
&more
NavyManuals
37

NavigationEngineeringCertification
TheAcademyofCoastal,Ocean,Ports,andNavigation
Engineeringrecognizesthoseindividualswhohave
excelledinoneormoreofthesubdisciplinesofCOPRI,
includingNavigationEngineering.
TolearnmoreabouttheAcademyandcertificationasa
Diplomate,NavigationEngineering,visit:
http://content.asce.org/acopne/index.html

38

19

FundamentalsofNavigationEngineeringSeries
Planning,Design,DredgingandSustainability
NavigationEngineering:UnderstandingtheBasics (Today)
IntrotoNavigationChannelDesign 30Apr2014
RiverInformationServices:BasicsofRISandPlansforUS
Implementation 29May2014
DredgingFundamentals 27Jun2014
NavigationEngineering:ChallengesofSustainabilityand
Resilience 5Sep2014
SustainableSedimentManagementforNavigation
Projects 24Sep2014
https://secure.asce.org/ASCEWebSite/Webinar/ListWebinarDetail.aspx?ProdId=199035055

39

Q&A
Questions/Comments/Corrections?

40

20

Bonus:SomeTrendsandChallenges
eNavigationandRiverInformationSystems
ManagingSedimentationSustainably

41

eNavigation

Webinar:29May

IALA*Definition:harmonised collection,
integration, exchange, presentation and
analysis of maritime information onboard and
ashore by electronic means to enhance berth to
berth navigation and related services, for
safety and security at sea and protection of the
marine environment.
*InternationalAssociationofMarineAidstoNavigationandLighthouseAuthorities
42

21

eNavigation:LockandTrafficControl

[USCG]

43

eNavigation:OnBoard
ElectronicCharts
Radar
AIS

[COE]

[COE]

44

22

ManagingSedimentation
KeepSedimentMoving:TrainingStructures

[IAHR]
45

[COE]

ChannelMaintenanceAlternatives
CATEGORY

Prevention

Treatment

STRATEGY

EXAMPLES
Erosioncontrolonlandand/orbed
KSP KeepSedimentinPlace
andbanks
SedimentTraps,GatesandDikes,
KSO KeepSedimentOut
ChannelSeparations
TrainingStructures,Agitation,
KSM KeepSedimentMoving
FlocculationReduction,Flows
NauticalDepthDefinition,Active
KSN KeepSedimentNavigable
NauticalDepth
Placementinconfineddisposal
DRS DredgeandRemove
facilitiesoroffshore,Permanent
Sediment
beneficialuses
DPS DredgeandPlace
Bypasssediment(KSM),Shore
Sediment
nourishment

Accommodation AdapttoSedimentRegime

Flexibleinfrastructure,lightering,
46

23

ManagingSedimentation:Diversions
KeepSedimentOut:divertriveraroundwaterway

47

[COE]

ManagingSedimentation:
ActiveNauticalDepth
KeepSedimentNavigable:HopperDredge
adaptedtomanagefluidmud

[COE]

48

24

SomeUsefulWebPages
COPRI:http://coprinstitute.org/
AmAssoc.PortAuth.:http://www.aapaports.org/
InlandRiversPorts&Terminals:http://www.irpt.net/
MaritimeAdministration:http://www.marad.dot.gov/
NOAAOceanService:
http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/topics/navops/marinenav/
PIANCUSA:http://www.pianc.iwr.usace.army.mil/
TransportationResearchBoard:

http://www.trb.org/MarineTransportation1/MarineTransportation1.aspx

USACEPubs:http://140.194.76.129/publications/
USACENavigationDataCenter:
http://www.ndc.iwr.usace.army.mil/
49

Credits
Graphicscourtesyof:
[BCG]BenC.Gerwick,inc.
[CAM]CarolMcAnally
[COE]U.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers
[PCA]PanamaCanalAuthority
[IAHR]Intnl.Assoc.HydraulicResearch
[SLS]St.LawrenceSeawayManagementCorp.
[TTI]TexasTransportationInstitute
[USCG]U.S.CoastGuard
[USN]U.S.Navy
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