UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF MARINE ENGNEERING TECHNOLOGY

HYDRAULIC & PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS (LGD 20402)

PRACTICAL TASK1

Group No:

10

Group Name:

AnisSyafikaBintiYusof
Nur Izzati BintiMohd Aseri

Lecturer Name:

Mr. KhairulRazminAbdurakman

CONTENT
TITLE

PAGE NO

Summary
Introduction
Background
Preliminary Research
Information gathering Analysis of Information
Selection of Information
Design
Problem Statement
Design Flow Chart
Design Procedure
Circuit Drawing
Construction Method
Component Selection
Component Function
Circuit Assembly ( Procedure)
Testing and Commissioning
Hydraulics Supply
Components
Result
Final Circuit Photograph
Discussion and Conclusion
Evaluation of Results
Interpretation of Results
Constructive Comment
Further Improvement
Reference

SUMMARY
The task given for practical task 1 is to check and recognize all the hydraulic components
symbol and function, and to make technical report on the hydraulic systems and application. The
2

aim of this task is tounderstand the hydraulic system, components, and functions, to recognize
the symbol for each components and being able to draw the symbol and lastly, learn to make
technical report accordingly based on appropriate format.
The students were grouped into 7 and each group was given a workplace. The students
needed to check all the components at the hydraulic work station based on checklist. After done
checking and recognize the components and the symbols, the students need to demonstrate the
basic hydraulic circuit assembly on work station.
INTRODUCTION
Hydraulic system is a system that uses fluid under pressure to drive machinery or move
mechanical components. The practical task 1 need students to understand the basic components
in hydraulic system and how they work.
BACKGROUND
Originally, the word hydraulics based on the Greek word means water and meant forthe
study of the physical behavior of water at rest and in motion. However nowadays, the meaning
has been expanded to include the physical behavior of all liquids, including hydraulic fluid.
Unfolded the history, all begin with a British mechanic named Joseph Bramah. He
applied the principle of Pascals law in the development of the first hydraulic press. In 1795, he
patented his hydraulic press, known as the Bramah press. Bramah figured that if a small force on
a small area would create a proportionally larger force on a larger area, the only limit to the force
that a machine can exert is the area to which the pressure is applied. Along with William George
Armstrong, he can be considered one of the two fathers of hydraulic engineering.
OBJECTIVE

Understanding of hydraulic system, components and functions.

To recognize the symbol for each component and able to draw the symbol.
To make technical report accordingly based on appropriate format.

PRELIMINARY RESEARCH
i.

Information Gathering
We chose the hydraulic training set from FESTECH Korea to complete our task
given. The FESTECH hydraulic training set is composed of industrial part which used in
real applications. They are specifically developed to prevent leakage of oil with nonleakage quick coupling connecter and can be used in both basic and advance hydraulic
training courses. Proportional hydraulic control and servo hydraulic control are also
supported.

DESIGN
i.

Problem Statement
How to recognize the components and demonstrate a basic circuit?

ii.

Design Flow Chart

iii.

Design Procedure:
Aim of the design must be clear and precise. Analyze the aim by matching with all the
objectives that have been outlined in order to incorporate in the design. Displacement
step diagram must be drawn prior circuit sketching being done.
Drawing must include:
positions of working element
number of working element
signal component
control element
energy or oil source supply
connecting lines
the elements number/letter
Then transpose the motion diagram into the proper circuit drawing. Select all the
appropriate components and ensure the correct functions matched.

iv.

CIRCUIT DRAWING

CONSTRUCTION METHOD
i.

Component Selection and Function

7

No
.

Picture

Description

Symbol/Seri
es No

14011

To avoid the oil

spill to another
place

15010

To supply
enough power to
run the system

1
OIL TRAY

2
POWER UNIT 1
PUMP

POWER UNIT
OVERLOAD
PROTECTOR

15019

FLOW MEASURER

15020

5
WEIGHT

15022

6
HYDRAULIC
DISTRIBUTOR

7
SINGLE ACTING
CYLINDER

Function

15023

15030

To prevent the
overload energy
get into the
system, cut of
the overload
power supply
To measure
quantity of the
oil
An accessories
for experiment

To distribute
hydraulics oil to
others
component
A hydraulic
cylinder which
can act only in
one direction

8
DOUBLE ACTING
CYLINDER

15031

9
HYDRAULIC
MOTOR

15035

10

11

12

2/2 WAY
DIRECTIONAL
CONTROL
VALVE

15036

3/2 WAY
DIRECTIONAL
CONTROL VALVE

15037

4/2 WAY
DIRECTIONAL
CONTROL VALVE

15040

A hydraulic
cylinder which
can act into two
direction
The motor
rotates because
of the flow
passing through
it. When the
direction of flow
is changed, the
direction of
rotation changes
as well. Leakage
in the motor is
conveyed to the
lower-pressure
side via the
shuttle valve.
A valve which
directs oil
through selected
passages. (2
port with 2 step
valve )
A valve which
directs oil
through selected
passages. (3
port with 2 step
valve )
A valve which
directs oil
through selected
passages. (4
portwith2step)

13

14

15

16

17

18

4/3 WAY
DIRECTIONAL
CONTROL VALVE
(PABT BLOCKED)

4/3 WAY
DIRECTIONAL
CONTROL VALVE
(ABT
CONNECTED)

4/3 WAY
DIRECTIONAL
CONTROL VALVE
(PT BYPASSED)

2/2 WAY LIMIT

VALVE

PRESSURE
RELIEF VALVE
(DIRECTLY
OPERATED)

PRESSURE
RELIEF VALVE
(PILOT
OPERATED)

15041

15042

15043

To stop fluid
flow, allow
fluid flow and
change
direction of
fluid flow.
(PABT Blocked)
To stop fluid
flow, allow fluid
flow and change
direction of fluid
flow. (ABT
Connected)
To stop fluid
flow, allow fluid
flow and change
direction of fluid
flow. (PT
Bypassed)
To limit the flow
of the fluids.

15049

To direct the
flow to the tank.
15050

To direct the
flow to the tank.
15051

10

19

20

21

23

24

3 WAY PRESSURE
REDUCING VALVE

PRESSURE
COMPENSATION
FLOW CONTROL
VALVE

FLOW
DIVIDING VALVE

15052

15053

15054

PRESSURE
RELIEF VALVE
(EXTERNALLY
ACTUATED)

15055

COUNTER
BALANCING
VALVE

15056

15060

25
FLOW CONTROL
VALVE

To relief valves
and control
maintain preset.

To maintain a
constant flow
rate from one to
two regardless
of fluid pressure.
To divide the
flow of the
fluids.

Pressure relief
valves are used
in hydraulic
systems to limit
the system
pressure to a
specific set
level.
To hold and
control negative
or gravitational
load.
Flow control
valves are used
to influence the
speed of
movement of
actuators by
changing the
opening for the
flow (decreasing
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or increasing it)
at the throttling
poin.

26

ONE WAY FLOW

CONTROL VALVE

27

PILOT ACTUATED
CHECK VALVE

28

SHUT OFF VALVE

29

CHECK VALVE
(1 BAR)

30

CHECK VALVE
(5 BAR)

15061

15062

15063

15064

15065

To allow the flow

of fluids in one
direction only.

To stop the flow

of fluid In one
direction and
allow free flow in
the opposite
direction. (Pilot
Actuated)
To control valve,
providing for
highly reliable
air repeatable.

To stop the flow

of fluid In one
direction and
allow free flow in
the opposite
direction. (1 BAR
Pressure)
Check valves
stop the flow of
fluid in one
direction and
allow free flow in
the opposite
direction.

12

31

32

33

TEE CONNECTOR

PRESSURE
GAUGE

PRESSURE
GAUGE WITH
DISTRIBUTOR

34

ACCUMULATOR

35

HOSE
(600 mm/1000
mm/1500 mm)

36

HYDRAULIC HOSE
HANGER

15066

15070

To connect three
source together
into one.

To indicate the
pressure in the
system.

To identify the
pressure.
15071

15080

15090/91/92

To store fluids
under pressure
as a source of
hydraulic power.

A flexible hose
pipe to transfer
all the oil in
many
conditions.
To hang the
hoses.

15093

13

PRESSURE
REMOVER

37

15099

15101

38
PRESSURE
SEQUENCE
VALVE

2-WAY PRESSURE
REDUCING VALVE

39

ii.

15102

To remove
pressure from
the components.

Sequence
valves are used
to control the
sequence of
operation of two
or more
hydraulic
actuators. The
sequence
valve pressure
is set higher
than the first
actuator
operation
pressure.
To influence the
output pressure
of the hydraulic
system to a sub
system.

Circuit Assembly (Procedure)

Understand about hydraulic system and its application.
Check all the components at the hydraulic work station based on checklist.
Recognize each component and it symbols.
Compare the series number in the checklist with the components.
Categorize the hydraulic component into three sections.
Check the hydraulic power pack and recognize the subcomponents.
Check the hydraulic measuring cylinder and learn how to do connection.
Check the hydraulic distributer and learn how to release pressure.
Check the isolation panel and learn how to operate.
Demonstrate the basic hydraulic circuit assembly on the work station.
Run and operate the circuit.
14

Learn how to dismantle the circuit properly.

Follow all safety rules pertaining to hydraulic system.

TESTING AND COMMISSIONING

i.

ii.

iii.

iv.

v.

Hydraulics supply
Checked the hydraulic supply by using pressure gauge valve.
Checked the fluid to make sure there no oil leaking.
Checked reservoir inlet port outlet port.
Checked temperature & oil level.
Components
Checked for leakage
Checked for malfunction
Checked for function
Circuit fault tracing
Checked tubing connection
Checked cylinder movement
Checked valve port connection
Traced all faulty circuit
Troubleshoot (3Ws)
-what was or whatwas not occurring in circuit assembly?
-when did the problem begin?
-where in the circuit does the problem occur?
Used pressure remover
Circuit Modification
No modification
Circuit trial run
Made the circuit run smoothly
Any faulty rectified and run again

RESULT
i.

Tabulation of Practical Task (tables)

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ii.

Final Circuit Photograph

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

i.

Constructive Comment
This task helps us acknowledge about the component of hydraulic system. Its show us on
how the hydraulic system works on, which we can apply it into a new correlation of
future innovation.
Further Improvement

ii.

All the task that had been done in current workplace is running smoothly. However, there are
some suggestion that can be implement in order to increase safety:

Choose one person in-charge differently every weekend to check all the switch and
cleanliness of each workstation before dismiss.
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REFERENCES
Internet source

http://www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/277/hydraulic-systems-fluid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Bramah

http://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/engines-equipment/hydraulic1.htm

Books reference

http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aircraft/amt_airframe_hand
book/media/ama_Ch12.pdf

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