DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SUBJECT NAME: Control System Engineering

YEAR/SEM: II/IV
SUBJECT CODE: EC6405

UNIT I- CONTROL SYSTEM MODELING

PART A
1.
2.
3.
4.

Give the comparison between open loop and closed loop system. Nov/Dec.2010&Nov/Dec 2014
Define transfer function of the system. Nov/Dec.2010
Define open loop and closed loop system. Apr/May2011
Write down the transfer function of system whose block diagram is shown
below.Apr/May2011&Nov/Dec 2012

5. What are the advantages of the closed loop control system? May/June 2012& Nov/Dec - 2012
6. What are the prosperities of signal flow graphs? May/June 2012
7. Name any two dynamic models used to represent control systems.May/June 2013
8. Write the masons gain formula of signal flow graph.May/June 2013&May/June 2014&Nov/Dec 2014
9. Define transfer function. Nov/Dec 2013
10. What are the characteristics of negative feedback? May/June 2014
11. What is meant by a system?
12. What is a command input?
13. What is an actuating signal?
14. Define manually controlled systems?
15. Give the important characteristics of open loop control system.
16. Why most of the systems are non-linear in nature?
17. Mention the basic elements of closed loop system
18. What is translational system?
19. Define torque & friction?
20. Give the other names for force voltage analogy, force current analogy
21. List the advantages of block diagram.
22. Define chain node
23. Give the properties of signal flow graph?
24. What do you mean by a node in signal flow graph?
25. List the advantages and disadvantages of feedback systems.
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PART B
1. Reduce the block diagram to its canonical form and obtain C(s) R(s).(10) Nov/Dec 2010

2. Using Masons gain formula, find C/R of the signal flow graph shown in figure (8) Nov/Dec2010

3. Give the comparison between block diagram and signal flow graph (6) Nov/Dec 2010
4. Obtain C(S)|R(S) using block diagram reduction rules.(8) May/June 2012

5. Write differential equations governing the mechanical rotational system shown in figure below

Draw the torque voltage and torque current electrical analogous circuits and verify by writing mesh and
node equations (16) May/June 2012
6. Construct the signal flow graph for the following set of simultaneous equations.

and obtain the overall transfer function using Masons gain formula.(8) May/June 2012
7. State Masons gain formula using Masons gain formula to find .(16) Nov/Dec 2013
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8. Use Masons gain formula to obtain C(s)/R(s) of the system shown below. (16) Nov/Dec 2013

9. Give the step by step procedure of determining transfer function using signal flow graph (8) May/June
2013
10. Write the differential equations governing the mechanical system. Draw the force-voltage and force
current electrical analogous circuits and verify by writing mesh and node equations.(8) May/June
2013&Nov/Dec 2014

11. Determine the transfer function Y2(S)/F(S) of the system shown in fig. (16)Nov/Dec 2013

12. Determine the overall transfer function C(S)/R(S) for the system shown in fig.(16)May/June 2013

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13. Obtain the closed loop transfer function C(S)/R(S) of the system whose blockdiagram is shown in fig.
(16) May/June 2012

14. Write the equations of motion ins domain. Determine the transfer function of the system(16)

15. Write the differential equations governing the mechanical rotational system. Obtain the transfer
function of the system?(16)

16. Obtain the transfer function of the lead network shown(16)

17. Derive the transfer function for Armature controlled DC servo motor (16)
18. Derive the transfer function for Field controlled DC servo motor. (16)
UNIT II TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS
PART A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

What is meant by peak overshoot?Nov/Dec 2010

What is meant by steady state error? Nov/Dec 2010
How a control system is classified depending on the value of damping? May 2011
Why derivative controller is not used in control system? May 2011& May/June 2012
What are transient and steady state response of a control system? Nov/Dec 2012
With reference to time response of a control system, define peak time. Nov/Dec 2012
List the advantages of generalized error coefficients. May/June 2012

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8. The closed loop transfer function of a second order system is given by

. Determine

the damping ratio and natural frequency of oscillation. May/June2013

9. Give the steady state errors to a various standard inputs for type 2 system. May/June 2013
10. What are the units of Kp, Kv and Ka? Nov/Dec 2013
11. What is the effect of PI controller on the system performance? Nov/Dec2013&2014
12. What are the type 0 and type 1 system? May/June 2014
13. What is meant by rise time? May/June 2014
14. What are the various time domain specifications? Nov/Dec 2014
15. Define settling time.
16. Define peak overshoot.
17. What is time response?
18. What is transient response?
19. What is steady state response?
20. What is meant by transient period?
21. For what purpose standard test signals are used?
22. Define step signal.
23. Define ramp signal.
24. Define parabolic signal.
25. What is positional error coefficient?
26. A system is critically damped. How will the system behave, if the gain of the system is increased?
27. List the advantages of generalized error coefficients.
28. What is the effect of PD controller on the system performance?
29. What is the order of the system?
30. What is called a proportional plus integral controller?
PART-B
1. A unity feedback system is characterized by the open loop transfer function G(s) =

Determine the steady state errors for Unit step, Unit ramp and Unit acceleration Unit. Also determine
damping ratio and natural frequency of the dominant roots.Nov/Dec 2013
2. For a unity feedback control system the open loop transfer function G(S) = 10(S+2)/ S2 (S+1). Find (a)
Position, velocity and acceleration error constants.(b) The steady state error when the input is R(S)
where R(S) =3/S 2/S2 +1/3S3 (16)May/June 2012
3. The open loop transfer function of a servo system with unity feedback system is G(S) =10/ S
(0.1S+1).Evaluate the static error constants of the system. Obtain the steady state error of the system
when subjected to an input given by the polynomial r(t) = a0+a1t +a2 /2 t2 . (16)May/June 2012
4. A second order system is given by
Find its risetime, peak overshoot and settling time if
subjected to unit step input. Also calculate expression for its output response.(16)May/June 2013
5. The unit impulse response of a unit feedback control system is given by c(t) =
(t
find the open loop transfer function.(16) May/June 2013
6. A potential control system with velocity feedback is shown in fig. What is the response of the system
for unit step input? (8)May/June 2014

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7. What are the various standard test signals? Draw the characteristic diagram and obtain the
mathematical representation of all.(8)Nov/Dec 2014
8. Calculate the following parameters for the system whose natural frequency of oscillations is 10 rad/sec
and damping factor is 0.707(8) Nov/Dec 2014
a. Delay time
b. Rise time
c. Peak overshoot
d. Settling time
9. With the block diagram explain the concepts of PI and PD compensation.(8) Nov/Dec 2014
2
10. Determine the steady state errors for the following inputs 5u(t),5tu(t),5t u(t) to a system whose open
loop transfer function is given by G(s) =

(8) Nov/Dec 2014

11. (a) Derive the expressions and draw the response of first order system for unit stepinput. (8)
(b) Draw the response of second order system for critically damped case and wheninput is unit step
12. Derive the expressions for Rise time, Peak time, and Peak overshoot.
(16)
13. Measurements conducted on a Servomechanism show the system response to be
c(t)=1+0.2 60t-1.2 10 t. when subjected to a unit step. Obtain an expression for
closed loop transfer function.
(16)
14. A unity feedback control system has an open loop transfer functionG(S) = 10/S(S+2). Find the rise
time, percentage over shoot, peak time and settlingTime.
(16)

15. A closed loop servo is represented by the differential equation, where c is thedisplacement of the output
shaft, r is the displacement of the input shaft and e= r-c.Determine undamped natural frequency, damping
ratio and percentage maximumovershoot for unit step input.
(16)
16. (a) Obtain the response of second order underdamped system with unit step input(8)
(b) Derive the response of undamped second order system for unit step input (8)
17. A second order system has 40%r peak overshoot and settling time of 2 sc for unit step input.Find
resonant peak gain and reasonant freq.(16)
18. For servomechanisms with open loop transfer function given below explain what type of input signal
give rise to a constant steady state error and calculate their values. (16)

UNIT III FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

PART A
List the advantages of Nichols chart? Nov/Dec 2010.
What are the specifications used in frequency domain analysis? Nov/Dec 2010
What is meant by corner frequency in frequency response analysis? May 2011
Draw the circuit diagram of lead compensator and draw its pole zero diagram. May 2011
What is mean by corner frequency in frequency response analysis? Nov/Dec 2012.
What is Nichols chart? Nov/Dec 2012.
Draw the polar plot of G(s) =
. May/June 2012

8. State the uses of Nicholas chart. May/June 2012&Nov/Dec 2014

9. Draw the polar plot of an integral term transfer function. May/June 2013
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10. Write the MATLAB statement to draw the bode plot of the given system. May/June 2013

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11. Define Phase margin? Nov/Dec 2013

12. What are the constant M and N circle?Nov/Dec 2013.
13. The damping ratio and undamped natural frequency of a second order system are 0.5 and 5
respectively. Calculate the resonant frequency. May/June 2014
14. What is corner frequency? May/June 2014
15. Define Gain and Phase margin. Nov/Dec 2014
16. Define cut-off rate.
17. Define resonant peak(Mr)
18. Define gain-cross over frequency. (gc).
19. Define phase-cross over frequency. (gc)
20. How the closed loop frequency response is determined from the open loop frequencyresponse?
21. What are the M and N circles?
22. What happens to the damping ratio and rise time if the band width is increased?
23. What are the two methods of specifying the performance of control system?
24. Give the two approaches to the control system design problem.
25. What are the two situations in which compensation is required?
PART-B
1. Plot the Bode diagram for the following transfer function and obtain the gain and phase cross over
2
frequencies. G(S) =KS / (1+0.2S) (1+0.02S). Determine the value of K for a gain cross over
frequency of 5 rad/sec.(16)Nov/Dec 2010
2. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is given by G(s) =
Sketch the
polar plot and determine the gain margin and phase margin. (16) Nov/Dec 2010
3. Given G(s) = K
.find K for following two cases.
a) Gain margin equal to 6 db
b) Phase margin equal to 45 . (16)May 2011&Nov/Dec 2012
4. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback control system isG(s) =
. Design a
suitable Lead Lag compensator so as to meet the following specifications: Static velocity error
-1
constant
. Phase margin equal to 50 and Gain margin 10db.(16) May 2011
5. For the following transfer function G(s) =

. Sketch the bode magnitude plot by showing slope

contributions from each pole and zero. (8)May/June 2012

6. For an unity feedback system with closed loop transfer functions

derive the expressions for local

constant M circles and constant N circles. (8)May/June 2012

7. Write the procedure to obtain Nichols chart from constant M circles. (8)May/June 2012
8. Write a MATLAB program to examine stability using bode plot for the given transfer function G(s) =
.Explain the code (statements) as to what the variables and numbers mean and also what
action is caused by each statement. State also how you will interpret the result. (8)May/June 2012
9. Draw the pole zero diagram of a lead compensator. Propose lead compensation using electrical
network. Derive transfer functions and Draw the Bode plots.(16) Nov/Dec 2012
10. Consider a unity feedback open loop transfer function G(s) =
. Draw the Bode Plot and
find the phase and gain cross over frequencies, phase and gain margin and stability of the
system.(16)May/June 2013
11. Explain in detail the design procedure of lead compensator using Bode plot.(16) May/June 2013
12. Discuss in detail about lead and lag networks.(16) Nov/Dec 2013
13. For the following transfer function draw bode plot and obtain gain cross over frequency. G(s) =
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14. The open loop transfer function of a system is given byG(s) H(s) =

. Draw the Bode plot

and determine Gain margin and Phase margin.(16)May/June 2014

15. Sketch the polar plot of unity feedback system with open loop transfer function G(s) =
find the frequency at which

. Also

.(10) May/June 2014

16. What are the advantages and disadvantages of frequency response analysis.(6) May/June 2014
17. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is G(S) = 1/ S (1+S)(1+2S) Sketch the Polar
plot and determine the Gain margin and Phase margin.(16)Nov/Dec 2014
18. Describe about Lead Lag compensators design procedure.(8) Nov/Dec 2014
19. Write short shorts on constant M and N circles. (8) Nov/Dec 2014
20. Write short notes on correlation between the time and frequency response? (16)

UNIT-IV STABILITY ANALYSIS

PART A
1. What is meant by BIBO stability? Nov/Dec 2010&2014
2. Using Routh criterion, determine the stability of the system represented by the characteristic
equation
Comment on the location of the roots of characteristics
equation? Nov/Dec 2010
3. State the rule for obtaining the breakaway point in root locus? May 2011
4. Define stability of the system? May 2011
5. State two limitations of Routh stability criterion? Nov/Dec 2012.
6. State the advantages of Nyquist stability criterion over that of rouths criterion? Nov/Dec 2012.
7. What is root locus?May/June 2012
8. State Nyquist stability criterion. May/June 2012&May/June 2013
9. Write the necessary and sufficient condition for the stability in routh stability criterion. May/June 2013
10. Sate the property of Lead compensator? Nov/Dec 2013
11. State Nyguist stability criterion for a closed loop system when the open loop system is stable. Nov/Dec
2013.
12. What is meant by relative stability?May/June 2014
13. Define Phase Margin? May/June 2014
14. What is meant by dominant pole?. Nov/Dec 2014
15. What are the conditions for a linear time invariant system to be stable?
16. What do you mean by asymptotic stability?
17. How the system is classified based on stability?
18. What does the positive ness of the coefficients of characteristic equation indicate?
19. State the conditions under which the coefficients can be zero or negative.
20. How the roots of characteristic equation are related to stability?
21. What is the relation between stability and coefficient of characteristic polynomial?
22. What will be the nature of impulse response when the roots of characteristic equation are lying on
imaginary axis?
23. What will be the nature of impulse response when the roots of characteristic equation are lying on right
half of the S-plane?
24. How will you find the gain K at a point on the root locus?
25. Give the effect of addition of poles on the root locus.

PART-B
1.Sketch the root locus for the open loop transfer function of unity feedback control system given below:
G(S) H(S) =K/S(S+2) (S+4). Find the value of K, so that the damping ratio of theclosed loop system is 0.5.
(16) Nov/Dec 2010&(10) May/June 2012
2.Construct the Nyquist plot for a system whose open loop transfer function is given by G(s) H(s) =
Finwdwthwe.vriadnygarethoifplKusf.coormstaobf i1l1it.y. (16) Nov/Dec 2010

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3.Draw the Nyquist plot for the system whose open loop transfer function is G(S)H(S) =
Determine the range of K for which closed loop system is stable. (16)May 2011&May 2012
4. Using Routh criterion, determine the stability of the system represented by the characteristic equation is
6
5
4
3
2
S + 2S + 8S + 12S + 20S + 16S +16 = 0(6) May/June 2012& (16) May/June 2013&(8)Nov/Dec 2014
5.Sketch the root locus for the open loop transfer function of unity feedback control system given below:
G(S) = K/S(S+1)(S+2).Also find K of breakaway point.(8) Nov/Dec 2012
6.Determine the approximate root locus diagram for a closed loop system whose loop transfer function is
given by G(S) H(S) =

comment on the stability.(8) Nov/Dec 2012

7.Sketch the Nyquist plot for a system with open loop transfer function G(S) H(S) =

and

determine the range of K for which the system is stable.(16)Nov/Dec 12

8.Sketch the root locus of the system having G(S) =
9.Sketch the root locus for GH(S) =

(16) May/June 2013

(16) Nov/Dec 2013

10.The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is given by

. By

applying Routh criterion,discuss the stability of the closed loop system as a function of K.(16) Nov/Dec
2013
11.The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is given by
. Determine
the value of K so that the gain margin is 6dB. (8) May/June 2014
12.Using Routh criterion, determine the stability of the system represented by the characteristic equation is
4
3
2
S5 + S + 2S + 2S + 11S +10 = 0(8)May/June 2014
13. Draw the root locus plot for the system whose open loop transfer function is given by
. Find the marginal value of K which causes sustained oscillations and the
frequency of the oscillations. (16) May/June 2014
14.Draw the root locus plot for the system whose open loop transfer function is given
by
.(16) Nov/Dec 2014
15. Define Nyquist stability criterion and explain the different situations of it. (8)Nov/Dec 2014
16.The characteristic equation of a given system is
what restrictions
must be placed upon the parameter K in order to ensure the system is stable?(16)
17.The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback control system is G(S) =
Determine
the Nyquist stability locus for the system when H(s) = (1+2S). Test the stability.(16)

UNIT-V
STATE VARIABLE ANALYSIS AND DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEM
PART A
1. What is meant by sampling theorem? Nov/Dec 2010
2. Mention the need for state variables? Nov/Dec2010
3. Name methods of state space representation for phase variables. May 2011
4.What is meant by quantization? May 2011&May/June 2012
5. How the model matrix is determined? May/June 2012
6. Define state and state variables? Nov/Dec 2012&May/June 2013
7. What is meant by sampled data controlled system? Nov/Dec 2012
8. What are the advantages of state space representation? May/June 2013
9. Define state equation? Nov/Dec 2013
10.wGwiwve.vtihdyeacrothnipcelupst.coofmcoonf t1r1o.llability. Nov/Dec 2013

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11. Draw the circuit diagram of sample and hold circuit. May/June 2014
12. What are the properties of State Transition matrix? May/June 2014
th
13. Define state model of n order system? Nov/Dec 2014

14. What are sampler and hold circuits? Nov/Dec 2014

15. What is the condition to be satisfied for a sampled data system to be stable?
16. What is the characteristic equation of a sampled data system?
17. List the methods used to test the stability of discrete time system.
18. Define sampled data system.
19. When a control system can be called as sampled data control system?
20. Distinguish between sampled data systems and continuous-time systems.
21. List the advantages and disadvantages of sampled data control system.
22. What are sampling and sampler?
23. What is periodic sampling?
24. What is coding?
25. What is pulse transfer function?

PART-B
1. Explain in detail the state space representation for continuous time systems. (8)Nov/Dec 2010
2.Explain in detail the state space representation for discrete time systems. (8)Nov/Dec 2010
3. Determine the state controllability and observability of the system described by
y=

. (16) Nov/Dec 2010

4.The state space representation of a system is given below

y=
Obtain the transfer function.(16)May 2011&Nov/Dec 2012
5. Obtain the state space representation of armature controlled DC motor with load, shown below:

Choose the armature current

, the angular displacement of shaft , and the speed

as output variables. (16) May/June 2012.

6. The State model matrices of a system given below:
A=

,B=

,C=

Evaluate the observability of the system using Gilberts test.(10) May/June 2012
7. Find the controllability of the system described by the following equation:
=

. (6) May/June 2012

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8.

Determine the state controllability and observability of the system described by

y=

. (8) Nov/Dec 2012

9. Obtain the z-transfer function of the system shown below:(8) Nov/Dec 2012

10. A system is represented by the state equation

and C =

= AX+BU; Y=CX where A =

,B=

.Determine the transfer function of the system.(16)May/June

2013
11. A system is characterized by the transfer function

Identify the first state as the

output. Determine whether or not system is completely controllable and observable. (16)May/June 2013
12. For the given state variable representation of a second order system given below find the state response
for a unit step input and

by using the discrete time

approximation. (16) Nov/Dec 2013

13.Consider the system with the state equation.

. Check the

controllability of the system. (16) Nov/Dec 2013

14. Obtain the state model of the system described by the following transfer function

(8)

May/June 2014
15. Obtain the state transition matrix for the state model whose system matrix A is given by A =

(8)

May/June 2014
16.Check the controllability of the following state space system
=
, = , =
(8) May/June 2014
17. Obtain the transfer function model for the following state space system.
A=

B=

C=

D=

(8) May/June 2014

18.Test the controllability and observability of the system whose state space representation is given as
(16)Nov/Dec 2014

y=
19. A discrete system is described by the difference equation, y (k+2) +5y (k+1) +6y (yk) =u (k), y(0) =
y(1) = 0; T = 1 sec. Determine the state model in canonical form. Draw the block diagram. (12) Nov/Dec

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20. Explain sampling theorem and Sample & Hold operation briefly.(16)