BUREAU INTERNATIONAL DES POIDS ET MESURES

BIPM Annual Report on Time Activities

Volume 5
2010

Pavillon de Breteuil
F-92312 SVRES Cedex, France

ISBN 978-92-822-2240-9
ISSN 1994-9405

Contents
Page
Practical information about the BIPM Time Department

Director's report on the scientific work of the BIPM Time, Frequency and Gravimetry
Department (July 2009 - June 2010)

Access to electronic files on the FTP server of the BIPM Time Department

15

Leap seconds

17

Establishment of International Atomic Time and of Coordinated Universal Time

18

Geographical distribution of the laboratories that contribute to TAI and time transfer
equipment

21

Relative frequency offsets and step adjustments of UTC - Table 1

22

Relationship between TAI and UTC - Table 2

23

Acronyms and locations of the timing centres which maintain a UTC(k) and/or a
TA(k) - Table 3

24

Equipment and source of UTC(k) of the laboratories contributing to TAI - Table 4

26

Differences between the normalized frequencies of EAL and TAI - Table 5

32

Measurements of the duration of the TAI scale interval - Table 6

33

Appendices to table 6

37

Mean fractional deviation of the TAI scale interval from that of TT - Table 7

47

Independent local atomic time scales

48

International GPS Tracking Schedules

49

Relations of UTC and TAI with GPS time and GLONASS time

50

Clocks contributing to TAI in 2010

Rates relative to TAI - Table 8

52

Relative weights (in percent) - Table 9A

68

Statistical data on the weights - Table 9B

84

Time Signals

85

Time Dissemination Services

94

Practical information about the BIPM Time Department

The Time Department of the BIPM issues two periodic publications. These are the monthly Circular T
and the BIPM Annual Report on Time Activities. The complete texts of Circular T and most tables of
the present Annual Report are available from the BIPM website, BIPM - time Department.
Address:

Time Department
Bureau International des Poids et Mesures
Pavillon de Breteuil
F-92312 Svres Cedex, France

Telephone:

BIPM Switchboard:

+ 33 1 45 07 70 70

Telefax:

BIPM Time Department:

BIPM General:

+ 33 1 45 07 70 59
+ 33 1 45 34 20 21

Internet:

http://www.bipm.org/en/scientific/tfg/

FTP server:

http://www.bipm.org/jsp/en/TimeFtp.jsp?TypePub=data

Staff of the Time Department as of January 2011:

Dr Elisa Felicitas ARIAS, Director,
Dr Zhiheng JIANG,
Dr Wodzimierz LEWANDOWSKI,
Dr Gianna PANFILO,
Dr Grard PETIT,
Dr Lennart ROBERTSSON,
Miss Aurlie HARMEGNIES,
Ms Hawa KONAT,
Mr Laurent TISSERAND,

Principal Research Physicist

Principal Physicist
Principal Physicist
Physicist
Principal Physicist
Principal Physicist
Assistant
Principal Technician
Principal Technician

For individual contact details, please refer to the BIPM staff directory

Directors Report on the Activity and Management of the BIPM, 2010

(July 2009- June 2010)
BIPM Publication

International Atomic Time (TAI) and Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)

The reference time scales, International Atomic Time (TAI) and Coordinated Universal Time
(UTC), are computed from data reported regularly to the BIPM by the various timing centres
that maintain a local UTC; monthly results are published in Circular T. The BIPM Annual
Report on Time Activities for 2009, volume 4, complemented by computer-readable files on
the BIPM website, provides the definitive results for 2009. Starting with this volume the
Annual Report is available only in electronic form; it is published on the BIPM website at
http://www.bipm.org/en/publications/time_activities.html.

Algorithms for time scales

The algorithm ALGOS used for the calculation of the time scales is an iterative process that
starts by producing a free atomic scale (chelle atomique libre, EAL) from which TAI and
UTC are derived. Research into time-scale algorithms continues in the Department with the
aim of improving the long-term stability of EAL and the accuracy of TAI. After having studied
the clock frequency prediction, and concluded that the H-masers could be responsible only for
about 20 % of the drift of EAL, a comparative analysis of algorithms in different time scales
has started and is ongoing.

2.1

EAL stability
Some 87 % of the clocks used in the calculation of time scales are either commercial caesium
clocks of the Symmetricom/HP/Agilent 5071A type or active, auto-tuned hydrogen masers. To
improve the stability of EAL, a weighting procedure is applied to clocks where the maximum
relative weight each month depends on the number of participating clocks. On average during
2009, about 15 % of the participating clocks were at the maximum weight. This procedure
generates a time scale which relies upon the best clocks.
16

for

15

for

The stability of EAL, expressed in terms of an Allan deviation, is about 4 parts in 10

averaging times of one month. Long-term drifts limit the stability to around 2 parts in 10
averaging times of six months.

6
2.2

TAI accuracy
To characterize the accuracy of TAI, estimates are made of the relative departure, and its
uncertainty, of the duration of the TAI scale interval from the SI second, as produced on the
rotating geoid, by primary frequency standards. Since July 2009, individual measurements of
the TAI frequency have been provided by thirteen primary frequency standards, including nine
caesium fountains (IT CSF1, LNE-SYRTE FO1, LNE-SYRTE FO2, LNE-SYRTE FOM, NICT
CSF1, NIST F1, NMIJ F1, PTB CSF1 and PTB CSF2). Reports on the operation of the
primary frequency standards are regularly published on the BIPM website and collated in the
BIPM Annual Report on Time Activities.
As of July 2004, a monthly steering correction of at most 7 parts in 1016 is applied as deemed
necessary. Since July 2009, the global treatment of individual measurements has led to a
relative departure of the duration of the TAI scale unit from the SI second on the geoid
ranging from +2.6 1015 to +5.7 1015, with a standard uncertainty of less than 1 1015.
Over the year, twelve steering corrections have been applied, giving a total correction to [f
(EAL) f (TAI)] of 6.1 1015.

2.3

Independent atomic time scales: TT(BIPM)

Because TAI is computed in real-time and has operational constraints, it does not provide an
optimal realization of Terrestrial Time (TT), the time coordinate of the geocentric reference
system. The BIPM therefore computes an additional realization, TT(BIPM), in postprocessing, which is based on a weighted average of the evaluation of the TAI frequency by
the primary frequency standards. We have provided an updated computation of TT(BIPM),
named TT(BIPM09), valid until December 2009, which has an estimated accuracy of about 5
parts in 1016. Moreover, since January 2010, we provide each month an extension of
TT(BIPM09) based on the most recent TAI computation. Such an extension is useful for
pulsar analysis pending the yearly updates of TT(BIPM). Studies aimed at improving the
computation of TT(BIPM) are ongoing, in order to keep it in line with improvements in the
primary frequency standards.

2.4

Local representations of UTC in national laboratories as broadcast by the GNSS

Following a recommendation by the CCTF (2009), preparatory work has started in the
Department with a view to publishing the relationship between UTC(USNO) and UTC(SU) (as
broadcast by GPS and GLONASS) and UTC as disseminated in the BIPMs Circular T.

7
3

Primary frequency standards and secondary representations of the second

Members of the BIPM Time, Frequency and Gravimetry Department actively participate in the
work of the CCL/CCTF Frequency Standards Working Group, and the CCTF Primary
Frequency Standards Working Group, seeking to encourage comparisons, knowledgesharing between laboratories, the creation of better documentation, and the use of high
accuracy primary frequency standards (Cs fountains) for TAI.
The CCL/CCTF Frequency Standards Working Group proposes various other microwave and
optical atomic transitions as secondary representations of the second. The latest changes to
the list, containing frequency values and uncertainties for transitions in Rb, Hg+, Yb+, Sr+ and
Sr, were recommended by the CCTF in June 2009, and no further updates have been
produced during the period covered by this report. Staff from the BIPM Time, Frequency and
Gravimetry Department continue to participate in the rapidly evolving field of optical frequency
standards, addressing the issue of their comparison at the level of parts in 1017.

Time links
TAI currently relies on data from 69 participating time laboratories equipped with GNSS
receivers and/or operating TWSTFT stations. Significant improvements have been made
within the Department on the time links used for the calculation of TAI; data from three
independent techniques are included in the process of comparison of laboratories clocks
based on tracking GPS and GLONASS satellites, and on two-way satellite time and frequency
transfer through geostationary telecommunications satellites (TWSTFT).
The GPS all-in-view method is widely used and takes advantage of the increasing quality of
the International GNSS Service (IGS) products. Clock comparisons are possible using C/A
code measurements from GPS single frequency receivers, or dual-frequency, multi-channel
GPS geodetic-type receivers (P3). The older GPS single-channel single-frequency receivers
currently represent only 3 % of the total number and have mostly been replaced by either
multi-channel single- or dual-frequency receivers. Ten TWSTFT links are officially used for
the computation of TAI, representing 15 % of the time links. Additional TW links exist in the
Asia- Pacific region but have not yet been officially introduced into the calculation; various
other European laboratories are becoming equipped. The GPS phase and code data provided
by time laboratories is processed each month using the Precise Point Positioning (PPP)
technique. Following approval by the CCTF at its meeting in June 2009, such PPP links have
been introduced in the calculation of TAI since September 2009. Currently, 30 laboratories
participate regularly, about 15 of which are used as TAI links. Comparisons of the PPP links
with others obtained by TWSTFT and P3 are published monthly on the Time, Frequency and
Gravimetry Departments ftp server. Testing continues on other time and frequency
comparison methods and techniques. The first GLONASS common-view civil-code link

8
between PTB and VNIIFTRI was introduced into TAI computation in November 2009,
providing results consistent with the GPS multi-channel single-frequency links.
4.1

Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) code
measurements
All GNSS links are corrected for satellite positions using IGS and ESA postprocessed, precise
satellite ephemerides, and those links using singlefrequency receivers are corrected for
ionospheric delays using IGS maps of the total electron content of the ionosphere.

4.2

Phase and code measurements from geodetic-type receivers

In addition to GPS and GLONASS code measurements, time and frequency transfer may also
be carried out using dual-frequency, carrier-phase measurements. This technique, already
widely used by the geodetic community, can be adapted to the needs of time and frequency
transfer. A study is being conducted in the framework of the IGS Working Group on Clock
Products, of which a physicist of the Time, Frequency and Gravimetry Department is a
member. The method developed to perform the absolute calibration of the Ashtech Z12-T
hardware delays allows the BIPM to use this receiver for differential calibrations of similar
receivers world-wide, and calibration campaigns began in January 2001. Calibration results
have also been issued for other receivers: the Septentrio PolaRx2 since 2006 and the Dicom
GTR50 and Javad JPS E-GGD since 2009. Other types of receivers are being investigated in
collaboration with laboratories equipped with them. Since 2009, the BIPM travelling receiver
for differential calibrations is a GTR50. In all cases, at least two receivers remain at the BIPM
to serve as a local reference with which the travelling receiver is compared between
calibration trips. Results of the differential calibration exercises are made available on a
dedicated web page (www.bipm.org/jsp/en/TimeCalibrations.jsp), where past calibration
results are also provided. Data from geodetic-type receivers world-wide are collected for TAI
computation, using procedures and software developed in collaboration with the Observatoire
Royal de Belgique (ORB). These P3 time links are now routinely computed and compared to
other available techniques, notably two-way time transfer. Geodetic-type receivers also
provide raw phase measurements which may be used, along with the code measurements, to
compute time links. The BIPM has computed its own solutions for such time links since
October 2007, using the GPSPPP software from Natural Resources Canada, and these links
have been introduced into the TAI regular computation since September 2009. Work on
GLONASS P3 and GLONASS PPP time links started in June 2010.

9
4.3

Two-way time transfer

Two meetings of the TWSTFT participating stations have been held since July 2009, and the
CCTF WG on TWSTFT met at the AOS (Pozna, Poland) in October 2009. The TWSTFT
technique is currently operational in twelve European, two North American and seven AsiaPacific time laboratories. Ten TWSTFT links are routinely used in the computation of TAI; four
others are in preparation for their introduction or re-introduction into TAI, or are used for
particular studies such as the T2L2 experiment. The TWSTFT technique applied to clock
comparisons in TAI is reaching its maximum potential with sessions scheduled every two
hours. The BIPM is also involved in the calibration of two-way time-transfer links by
comparison with GPS.
Results of time links and link comparison using GNSS single-frequency, dual-frequency and
TW observations are published monthly on the Time, Frequency and Gravimetry
Departments ftp server (ftp://tai.bipm.org/TimeLink/LkC).

4.4

Uncertainties of TAI time links

The values of the Type A and Type B uncertainties of TAI time links are published in
Circular T, together with information on the time links used in each monthly calculation. The
values of uA are updated as necessary, depending on the noise level present in the links.

4.5

Calibration of delays of time-transfer equipment

The BIPM continues to organize and run campaigns for measuring the relative delays of GPS
time equipment in time laboratories that contribute to TAI. From July 2009 to June 2010, GPS
and GLONASS time equipment for single- and dual-frequency reception has been calibrated.
The BIPM is also supporting TWSTFT calibration trips, supported by a GPS receiver from our
time laboratory.
Work on the absolute calibration of GNSS receivers was started by a Ph.D. student through a
collaboration co-financed with the CNES and also involving the LNE-SYRTE. In 2009 work
started at the CNES to carry out absolute calibration of GNSS antennas. In addition, the PhD
work includes a comprehensive study of all calibration results available, including past and
new absolute calibrations, the series of differential calibrations carried out by the BIPM and
other information available from the IGS. Cooperation started with EURAMET for having
regional support to the GNSS equipment calibration in contributing laboratories. This action
follows Recommendation CCTF 2 (2009) and opens the possibilities of further interaction with
other RMOs.

10
5

Key comparisons
Results of the key comparison in time, CCTF-K001.UTC, involving the time laboratories
participating in the CIPM MRA, were regularly published in the KCDB after publication of the
monthly Circular T until June 2009. Since then, a link to the most recent issue of Circular T
has been proposed from the KCDB.
Guidelines for the characterization of the frequency traceability of local realizations UTC(k) to
the SI second are under preparation in the Time, Frequency and Gravimetry Department, as
requested by the CCTF in June 2009.
As decided by the 98th CIPM meeting in 2009, the BIPM continues to support the CCL-K11
key comparison in terms of participation in measurement campaigns as well as in giving
general advice. In particular, the BIPM took part in the campaign held at the NMIJ/AIST in
April 2010 in which 8 participants successfully participated. Together with a similar campaign
at the NRC in September 2009 and measurements in BEV and MIKES, the total number of
participating NMIs is now 17. This demonstrates that after the initial start-up period the CCLK11 is running effectively and produces valuable data to support CMC claims.

Pulsars
The work with the Observatoire Midi-Pyrnes (OMP, Toulouse, France) on a pulsar survey
has stopped. Collaboration continues with other radioastronomy groups observing pulsars
and analysing pulsar data to study the potential capability of using millisecond pulsars as a
means of sensing the very long-term stability of atomic time. The Time, Frequency and
Gravimetry Department provides these groups with its post-processed realization of
Terrestrial Time, TT(BIPM).

Space-time references
The BIPM maintains the web and ftp sites for the IERS Conventions (tai.bipm.org/iers/).
Updates

to

the

Conventions

(2003)

have

been

posted

on

the

website

(tai.bipm.org/iers/convupdt). These updates consider several new models for effects that
affect the positions of Earth points at the millimetre level, which are now significant. These
modifications are studied with the help of the Advisory Board for the IERS Conventions
updates, including representatives of all groups involved in the IERS. Following the
conclusions of the Workshop on the IERS Conventions, held at the BIPM on 20-21
September 2007, a new registered edition of the IERS Conventions is expected to be
available before end-2010.
Activities related to the realization of reference frames for astronomy and geodesy are
developing in cooperation with the IERS. In these domains, improvements in accuracy will
increase the need for a full relativistic treatment and it is essential to continue to participate in

11
international working groups on these matters, for example through the new IAU Commission
Relativity in Fundamental Astronomy. Cooperation continues for the maintenance of the
international celestial reference system, and work has progressed in the framework of the
IAU, IVS and IERS for the construction of a new conventional reference frame to be
submitted to the IAU in August 2009.
8

Comb activities
As a result of the reorganization of activities in the Time, Frequency and Gravimetry
Department, BIPM comb activities are limited to the maintenance of the BIPM frequency
combs for internal applications.

Calibration and measurement service

The Time, Frequency and Gravimetry Department has provided a comb and laser calibration
and measurement service to meet the internal needs of the BIPM. These include the periodic
absolute frequency determination of our reference lasers at 633 nm and 532 nm, which are
used for testing the quality of iodine cells, for the calculable capacitor project, and for the
gravimeter instrumentation at the BIPM. The combs are passively kept in running condition.
Twenty lasers were measured for ICAG-2009. As planned, for the first time in this
international comparison, studies of the beam characteristics in the interferometers of the
participating gravimeters were made, in order to account for small corrections related to
diffraction effects.
Checks of the frequency of the rubidium clocks in the gravimeters were made during the
measurement campaign.

10

Iodine cells
As decided by the CIPM, the service of filling and testing iodine cells was stopped on 31 July
2009, after having delivered all the cells to national laboratories and various institutes.

11

Gravimeter FG5-108
After having modified the laser head of the compact Nd:YVO4/KTP/I2 laser at 532 nm and the
optical fibre system for light delivery to the interferometer of the FG5-108, the gravimeter has
been tested with good results. However, after having replaced the motor of the dropping
chamber and the dropping controller, tests after re-adjustments showed that the gravimeter
was still malfunctioning. After many trials and discussions with the developers of the
instrument it has been decided to stop the measurements.

12
12

8th International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters, ICAG-2009

In contrast to earlier comparisons of absolute gravimeters, the ICAG-2009 was split into two
parts which ran consecutively, one as a key comparison, CCM.G-K1, and a second as a pilot
study, with 12 and 10 participants respectively. This was the first time a key comparison for
absolute gravimetry was arranged. Both comparisons were running under essentially the
same protocol even though some relaxed conditions were accepted for the pilot study. A 5
station scheme with 3 measurements for each instrument was used. A preliminary evaluation
of all the results has now been made and a Draft A report has been edited.
In connection with the ICAG-2009, measurements of both the laser frequency and the
frequency of the Rubidium frequency standards of the gravimeters were carried out. A BIPM
reference laser, calibrated with an optical frequency comb system prior to the ICAG-2009,
were used as a reference in the beat frequency measurements. In the case of the Rubidium
standards, a reference signal, calibrated relative to UTC, was used and a phase meter giving
frequency as well as stability measurements was carried out.
In addition, measurement of the beam parameters for the laser beams used for the
interferometric determination of the position of the free falling test mass was made. This is
important for making a good estimate of the error due to the Gouy phase shift.
Measurements at two sites in the room that will house the watt balance have been made with
some participating gravimeters. These measurements are not included in the official report,
but will serve to monitor the stability of the gravity field in the room.

13

Publications, lecture, travel: Time, Frequency and Gravimetry Department

13.1

External publications
1. Arias E.F., Current and future realizations of coordinate time scales, Proc. IAU Symp. 261,
Cambridge University Press, 2010, 16-21.
2. Arias E.F., Panfilo G., Impact of new frequency standards on the international timescales,
Proc. IAU, Vol 5, 2010, 223-224.
3. Harmegnies A., Panfilo G., Arias E.F., Detection of outliers in TWSTFT data used in TAI,
Proc. 41st PTTI Systems and Applications Meeting, 2010, 421-432.
4. Harmegnies A., Panfilo G., Arias E.F., BIPM time activities update, Proc. 41st PTTI
Systems and Applications Meeting, 2010, 183-188.
5. Jiang Z., Arias E.F., Lewandowski W., Petit G., Toward unified TWSTFT and GNSS delay
characterization for UTC time transfer?, Proc. EFTF 2010, 2010, CD-ROM.

13

6. Jiang Z., Lewandowski W., Konat H., TWSTFT Data Treatment for UTC time transfer,
Proc. 41st PTTI Systems and Applications Meeting, 2010, 409-420.
7. Jiang Z., Petit G., Combination of TWSTFT and GNSS for accurate UTC time transfer,
Metrologia, 2009, 46, 305-314.
8. Jiang Z., Becker M., Francis O., et al, Relative Gravity Measurement Campaign during the
7th International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters, Metrologia, 2009, 46, 214-226.
9. Jiang Z., Fully use of the redundancy in TWSTFT and GNSS time and frequency transfer,
Proc. EFTF2009, 1194-1197.
10. Jiang Z., Lewandowski W., Konat H., TWSTFT data treatment for UTC time transfer,
Proc. 41st PTTI Systems and Applications Meeting, 2010, 409-420.
11. Jiang Z., Piester D., Liang K., Restoring a TWSTFT Calibration with a GPS Bridge - a
standard procedure for UTC time transfer, Proc. EFTF 2010, 2010, CD-ROM.
12. Jiang Z., Interpolation of TW time transfer from measured points onto standard MJD for
UTC generation, Proc. EFTF 2010, 2010, CD-ROM.
st
13. Lewandowski W., Jiang, Z., Use of GLONASS at the BIPM, Proc. 41 PTTI Systems and

Applications Meeting, 2010, 5-14.

14. Lewandowski W., Jiang Z., Use of GLONASS at the BIPM, Proc. PTTI2009, 2010, 5-13.
15. Liu Y., Jiang Z., Precise time transfer activities in Singapore, Proc. EFTF-IFCS 2009,
2010, 634-638.
16. Ma C., Arias E.F., Bianco G., Boboltz D., Bolotin S., Charlot P., Engelhardt G., Fey A.,
Gaume R., Gontier A.-M., Heinkelmann R., Jacobs C., Kurdubov S., Lembert S., Malkin Z.,
Nothnagel A., Petrov L., Skurikhina E., Sokolova J., Souchay J., Sovers O., Tesmer V., Titov
O., Wang G., Zharov V., The Second Realization of the International Celestial Reference
Frame by Very Long Baseline Interferometry, IERS Technical Note N35, 2009.
17. Panfilo G., Arias E.F., Algorithms for International Atomic Time, UFFC special issue on
the 2009 Joint Meeting of the EFTF and IEEE FCS, 2010, 140-150.

14
18. Panfilo G., Arias E.F., Studies and possible improvements on EAL algorithm, Proc. EFTFIFCS 2009, 2010, 110-115.
19. Petit G., Relativity in the IERS Conventions, Proc IAU Symposium 261, Cambridge
University Press, 2010, 16-21.
20. Petit G., Current use of GNSS time transfer in TAI and future strategies, Proc. 2nd Int.
Colloq. on scientific and fundamental aspects of Galileo, 2009, CD-Rom.
21. Petit G., Luzum B., Report of the IERS Conventions Center, IAU Transactions XXIIB,
2010.
22. Petit G., Atomic time scales TAI and TT(BIPM): present performances and prospects,
Proc. IAU, Vol 5, 2010, 220-221.
23. Souchay J., Andrei A., Barache C., Bouquillon S., Suchet D., Baudin M., Gontier A.-M,
Lambert S., Le Poncin Lafitte C., Taris F., Arias E.F., The construction of the Large Quasar
Astrometric Catalogue, A&A 494, 2, 2009, 799-815.
24. Zhang H., Li H., Lewandowski W., Jiang Z., TWSTFT activities at NTSC, Proc. EFTFIFCS 2009, 2010, 1206-1208.
13.2

BIPM publications
25. BIPM Annual Report on Time Activities for 2009, 2010, 4, 104 pp., available only at
www.bipm.org/en/publications/time_activities.html
26. Circular T (monthly), 7 pp.
27. Lewandowski W., Tisserand L., Relative characterization of GPS time equipment delays
at the OP, AOS, GUM, LT, TP, BEV, OMH, NIMB, NMC, and ZMDM, Rapport BIPM-2010/02,
27 pp.
28. Lewandowski W., Tisserand L., Relative characterizaton of GPS time equipment delays at
the OP, PTB, AOS, USNO and IT, Rapport BIPM-2010/03, 16 pp.
29. Lewandowski W., Tisserand L., Relative characterization of GNSS receiver delays for
GPS and GLONASS C/A codes in the L1 frequency band at the OP, SU, PTB and AOS,
Rapport BIPM-2010/04, 40 pp.

15

Access to electronic files on the FTP server of the BIPM Time Department.
The files related to the BIPM Time Activities are available from the website.
(http://www.bipm.org/en/scientific/tai/time_ftp.html)
The files are found in the four subdirectories data, publications, scales and links.
Data, publications and scales are available by ftp (62.161.69.5 or ftp2.bipm.org, user
anonymous, e-mail address as password, cd pub/tai).
Links is available by ftp (62.161.69.131 or tai.bipm.org, user anonymous, e-mail address as
password, cd TimeLink/LkC).
Data- Reports of evaluation of primary frequency standards and all clock and time transfer data
files used for the computation of TAI, arranged in yearly directories, starting January 2005.
See readme.txt for details.
Publications - the latest issues on time activities
In the following directories XY represents the last two digits of the year number (19XY or 20XY);
ZT equals 01 for Jan., 02 for Feb. .12 for Dec.; XX, XXX are ordinal numbers; results of the
computation of TAI over the two-month interval Z of the year ( Z =1 for Jan.-Feb., 2 for Mar.- Apr.,
etc) until Nov.-Dec. 1997.
publications

filename

Acronyms of laboratories

acronyms.pdf

Leap seconds

leaptab.pdf

Circular T

cirt.XXX

Fractional frequency of EAL from primary frequency standards

etXY.ZT

Weights of clocks participating in the computation of TAI

wXY.ZT

Rates relative to TAI of clocks participating in the computation of TAI

rXY.ZT

Values of the differences between TAI and the local atomic scale of
the given laboratory, including relevant notes

TAI - lab

Values of the differences between UTC and its local representation

by the given laboratory, including relevant notes

UTC - lab

Values of the differences between TAI and UTC and the respective
local scales, evaluated for two-month periods until the end of 1997

TAIXYZ

[UTC(lab1) - UTC(lab2)] obtained by the TWSTFT link

lab1 - lab2.tw

BIPM Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer Reports

(until February 2003)

twstftXX.pdf

Most recent schedules for common-view observations of GPS and

schgps.XX

GLONASS satellites (until April 2008)

schglo.XX

Older files can be accessed directly from the ftp site (62.161.69.5 or ftp2.bipm.org).

16

Scale- time scales data

Content

filename

Time Dissemination Services

TIMESERVICES.DOC

Time Signals

TIMESIGNALS.DOC

Rates of clocks contributing to TAI

RTAIXY.ar

Weights of clocks contributing to TAI

WTAIXY.ar

TT(BIPMXY) computation ending in 19XY or 20XY

TTBIPM.XY

Starting 1993:
Difference between the normalized frequencies of EAL and TAI

EALTAIXY.ar

TAI frequency

FTAIXY.ar (for 1993,1994)

Measurements of the duration of the TAI scale interval

UTAIXY.ar (starting 1995)

Mean duration of TAI scale interval

SITAIXY.ar (1993-1999)

Mean fractional deviation of the TAI scale interval from that of TT

duration of TAI scale interval

SITAIXY.ar (starting 2000)

[TAI - GPS time] and [UTC - GPS time]

(until March 2003)

UTCGPSXY.ar

[TAI - GLONASS time] and [UTC - GLONASS time]

(until March 2003)

UTCGLOXY.ar

[TAI - GPS time] and [UTC - GPS time],

[TAI - GLONASS time] and [UTC - GLONASS time]
(starting April 2003)

UTCGPSGLOXY.ar

Local representations of UTC: Values of [UTC - UTC(lab)]

UTCXY.ar (1993-1998)

Independent local atomic time scales: values of [TAI - TA(lab)]

TAIXY.ar

Until 1992:
Local representations of UTC: Values of [UTC - UTC(lab)]

UTC.XY

Local values of [TAI - TA(lab)]

TA.XY

(1993-1998)

Links Results of link comparison, arranged in yearly directories, starting January 2005.
See readme.txt for details.
Starting with the BIPM Time Section Annual Report for 1999, some tables traditionally
included in the printed version are only available in electronic form. From the BIPM Annual
Report on Time Activities for 2009, only electronic files are available.
For any comment or query send a message to: [email protected]

17

Leap seconds

Since 1 January 1988, the maintenance of International Atomic Time, TAI, and of Coordinated
Universal Time, UTC (with the exception of decisions and announcements concerning leap seconds of
UTC) has been the responsibility of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) under
the authority of the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM). The dates of leap
seconds of UTC are decided and announced by the International Earth Rotation and Reference
Systems Service (IERS), which is responsible for the determination of Earth rotation parameters and
the maintenance of the related celestial and terrestrial reference systems. The adjustments of UTC
and the relationship between TAI and UTC are given in Tables 1 and 2 of this volume.
Further information about leap seconds can be obtained from the IERS:

IERS Earth Orientation Product Centre

Dr Daniel GAMBIS
Observatoire de Paris
61, avenue de l'Observatoire
75014 Paris, France
Telephone: + 33 1 40 51 22 26
Telefax: + 33 1 40 51 22 91
[email protected]
http://hpiers.obspm.fr
Anonymous ftp://hpiers.obspm.fr or ftp://145.238.100.28

18

Establishment of International Atomic Time

and of Coordinated Universal Time

1. Data and computation

International Atomic Time (TAI) and Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) are obtained from a
combination of data from some 400 atomic clocks kept by almost 70 timing centres which maintain a
local UTC, UTC(k) (see Table 3). The data are in the form of time differences [UTC(k) - Clock] taken at
5 day intervals for Modified Julian Dates (MJD) ending in 4 and 9, at 0 h UTC; these dates are referred
to here as standard dates. The equipment maintained by the timing centres is detailed in Table 4.
An iterative algorithm produces a free atomic time scale, EAL (chelle Atomique Libre), defined as a
weighted average of clock readings. The processing is carried out and, subsequently, treats one
month batches of data [1] and [2]. The weighting procedure and clock frequency prediction are chosen
such that EAL is optimized for long-term stability. No attempt is made to ensure the conformity of the
EAL scale interval with the second of the International System of Units.
2. Accuracy
The duration of the scale interval of EAL is evaluated by comparison with the data of primary
frequency caesium standards, correcting their proper frequency as needed to account for known
effects (e.g. general relativity, blackbody radiation). TAI is then derived from EAL by adding a linear
function of time with an appropriate slope to ensure the accuracy of the TAI scale interval. The
frequency offset between TAI and EAL is changed when necessary to maintain accuracy, the
magnitude of the changes being of the same order as the frequency fluctuations resulting from the
instability of EAL. This operation is referred to as the steering of TAI. Table 5 gives the normalized
frequency offsets between EAL and TAI. Measurements of the duration of the TAI scale interval and
estimates of its mean duration are reported in Table 6 and Table 7.
3. Availability
TAI and UTC are made available in the form of time differences with respect to the local time scales
UTC(k), which approximate UTC, and TA(k), the independent local atomic time scales. These
differences, [TAI - TA(k)] and [UTC - UTC(k)], are computed for the standard dates.
The computation of TAI is carried out every month and the results are published monthly in Circular T.
When preparing the Annual Report, the results shown in Circular T may be revised taking into account
any subsequent improvements made to the data.
4. Time links
The BIPM organizes the international network of time links to compare local realizations of UTC in
contributing laboratories and uses them in the formation of TAI. The network of time links used by the
BIPM is non-redundant and relies on observation of GNSS satellites and on two-way satellite time and
frequency transfer (TWSTFT).
Most time links are based on GPS satellite observations. Data from multi-channel dual-frequency GPS
geodetic-type receivers are regularly used in the calculation of time links, in addition to that acquired
by a few single-frequency (single- or multi-channel) GPS time receivers. For those links realized using

19
more than one technique, one of them is considered official for TAI and the others are calculated as
back-ups. Single-frequency GPS data are corrected using the ionospheric maps produced by the
Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE); all GPS data are corrected using precise satellite
ephemerides and clocks produced by the International GNSS Service (IGS).
GPS links are computed with the method called GPS all in view [3], with a network of time links that
uses the PTB as a unique pivot laboratory for all the GPS links. Since September 2009, links equipped
with geodetic-type receivers are computed with the Precise Point Positioning method [4].
Clock comparisons using GLONASS C/A (L1C frequency) satellite observations with multi-channel
receivers have been introduced for the link between SU and PTB since October 2009 [5]. This link is
computed using the common-view [6] method; data are corrected using the ESA ephemerides SP3
files and the IGS ionospheric maps.
A figure showing the time link techniques in the contributing laboratories can be downloaded from the
BIPM website. For more detailed information on the equipment refer to [Table 4] and to Section 6 of
BIPM Circular T for the techniques and methods of time transfer officially used.
The uncertainty of [UTC(k1) - UTC(k2)], obtained at the BIPM with these procedures is given in
Circular T, section 6. The BIPM also publishes an evaluation of [UTC - GPS time].
The BIPM regularly publishes an evaluation of [UTC - GLONASS time] based on ongoing
observations of the GLONASS system at the Astrogeodynamical Observatory (AOS), Poland.
International GPS tracking schedules are published by the BIPM about every six months.
5. Time scales established in retrospect
For the most demanding applications, such as millisecond pulsar timing, the BIPM issues atomic time
scales in retrospect. These are designated TT(BIPMxx) where 19xx or 20xx is the year of computation
[7, 8]. The successive versions of TT(BIPMxx) are both updates and revisions; they may differ for
common dates.
Notes
Tables 8 and 9 of this report give the rates relative to TAI and the weights of the clocks contributing to
TAI in 2010.
A full list of time signals and time dissemination services is compiled by the BIPM from the information
provided by the time laboratories.
The report on the scientific work of the BIPM on time activities for the period July 2009-June 2010 is
extracted from the Directors Report on the Activity and Management of the BIPM (1 July 2009 30
June 2010). All the publications mentioned in this report are available on request from the BIPM.

20
References
[1] Thomas C. and Azoubib J., TAI computation: study of an alternative choice for implementing an
upper limit of clock weights, Metrologia, 1996, 33, 227-240.
[2] Azoubib J., A revised way of fixing an upper limit to clock weights in TAI computation, Document
CCTF/01-14 presented to the 15th meeting of the CCTF (2001).
[3] Petit G., Jiang Z., GPS All in View time transfer for TAI computation, Metrologia, 2008, 45 (1), 3545.
[4] Petit G., Jiang Z., Precise point positioning for TAI computation, IJNO, Article ID 562878,
doi:10.1155/2008/562878, 2008.
[5] Lewandowski W. and Jiang Z., Use of GLONASS at the BIPM, Proc. 41st PTTI (2009), in press.
[6] Allan D.W., Weiss, A.M., Accurate time and frequency transfer during common-view of a GPS
satellite, Proc. 34th Ann. Symp. Frequency Control (1980), 1980, 334-346.
[7] Guinot B., Atomic time scales for pulsar studies and other demanding applications, Astron.
Astrophys., 1988, 192, 370-373.
[8] Petit G., A new realization of Terrestrial Time, Proc. 35th PTTI, 2003, 307-317.

Geographical distribution of the laboratories that contribute to TAI and time transfer equipment operated in 2010

22

Table 1. Relative frequency offsets and step adjustments of UTC,

up to 31 December 2011
Date
(at 0 h UTC)

Offsets

1961
1961

Jan. 1
Aug. 1

150x1010
+0.050

1962
1963

Jan. 1
Nov. 1

1964
1964
1964
1965
1965
1965
1965

Jan.
Apr.
Sep.
Jan.
Mar.
Jul.
Sep.

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1966
1968
1972
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1985
1988
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1996
1997
1999
2006
2009

Jan.
Feb.
Jan.
Jul.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jul.
Jul.
Jul.
Jul.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jul.
Jul.
Jul.
Jan.
Jul.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

"

Steps/s

130x1010

0.100

"
150x1010
"
"
"
"
"
"

"
0
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"

0.100
300x1010
+0.100
0.107 7580
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100

23
Table 2. Relationship between TAI and UTC, up to 31 December 2011
[TAI - UTC] / s

Limits of validity (at 0 h UTC)

1961
1961
1962
1963
1964
1964
1964
1965
1965
1965
1965
1966
1968
1972
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1985
1988
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1996
1997
1999
2006
2009

Jan.
Aug.
Jan.
Nov.
Jan.
Apr.
Sep.
Jan.
Mar.
Jul.
Sep.
Jan.
Feb.
Jan.
Jul.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jul.
Jul.
Jul.
Jul.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jul.
Jul.
Jul.
Jan.
Jul.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1961
1962
1963
1964
1964
1964
1965
1965
1965
1965
1966
1968
1972
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1985
1988
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1996
1997
1999
2006
2009

Aug.
Jan.
Nov.
Jan.
Apr.
Sep.
Jan.
Mar.
Jul.
Sep.
Jan.
Feb.
Jan.
Jul.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jul.
Jul.
Jul.
Jul.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jul.
Jul.
Jul.
Jan.
Jul.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1.422
1.372
1.845
1.945
3.240
3.340
3.440
3.540
3.640
3.740
3.840
4.313
4.213
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34

8180
8180
8580
8580
1300
1300
1300
1300
1300
1300
1300
1700
1700

+ (MJD - 37300) x 0.001 296

+
"
"
+ (MJD - 37665) x 0.001 1232
+
"
"
+ (MJD - 38761) x 0.001 296
+
"
"
+
"
"
+
"
"
+
"
"
+
"
"
+
"
"
+ (MJD - 39126) x 0.002 592
+
"
"
(integral number of seconds)

24
Table 3. Acronyms and locations of the timing centres which maintain a local
approximation of UTC, UTC(k), and/or an independent local time scale, TA(k)
(updated to March 2011)
AMC

Alternate Master Clock station, Colorado Springs, Colo., USA

AOS

Astrogeodynamical Observatory, Space Research Centre P.A.S., Borowiec, Poland

APL

Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA

AUS

Consortium of laboratories in Australia

BEV

Bundesamt fr Eich- und Vermessungswesen, Vienna, Austria

BIM

Bulgarian Institute of Metrology, Sofia, Bulgaria

BIRM

Beijing Institute of Radio Metrology and Measurement, Beijing, P. R. China

BY

Belarussian State Institute of Metrology, Minsk, Belarus

CAO

Stazione Astronomica di Cagliari (Cagliari Astronomical Observatory), Cagliari, Italy

CH

Swiss Federal Office of Metrology, Switzerland (METAS)

CNM

Centro Nacional de Metrologa, Quertaro, Mexico (CENAM)

CNMP

Centro Nacional de Metrologa, de Panam, Panama

DLR

Deutsche Zentrum fr Luft- und Raumfahrt (German Aerospace Centre)

Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany

DMDM

Directorate of Measures and Precious Metals, Belgrade, Serbia

DTAG

Deutsche Telekom AG, Frankfurt/Main, Germany

EIM

Hellenic Institute of Metrology, Thessaloniki, Greece

Commission Nationale de l'Heure, Paris, France

GUM

Glwny Urzd Miar (Central Office of Measures), Warsaw, Poland

HKO

Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong, China

IFAG

Bundesamt fr Kartographie und Geodsie (Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy),
Fundamental station, Wettzell, Ktzting, Germany

IGNA

Instituto Geogrfico Nacional, Buenos Aires, Argentina (formerly IGMA)

INPL

National Physical Laboratory, Jerusalem, Israel

INTI

Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Industrial, Buenos Aires, Argentina

IPQ

Instituto Portugus da Qualidade, Monte de Caparica, Portugal

IT

Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Italy

JATC

Joint Atomic Time Commission, Lintong, P.R. China

JV

Justervesenet, Norwegian Metrology and Accreditation Service, Kjeller, Norway

KEBS

Kenya Bureau of Standards, Nairobi, Kenya

KIM

Research Centre for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology

The Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Serpong-Tangerang, Indonesia

KRISS

Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Rep. of Korea

KZ

Kazakhstan Institute of Metrology, Astana, Kazakhstan

MIKE

Center for Metrology and Accreditation, Finland

MKEH

Hungarian Trade Licensing Office, Hungary

LT

Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania

LV

SA Latvian National Metrology Centre, Riga, Latvia

MSL

Measurement Standards Laboratory, Lower Hutt, New Zealand

NAO

National Astronomical Observatory, Misuzawa, Japan

NICT

National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan

NIM

National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, P.R. China

NIMB

National Institute of Metrology, Bucharest, Romania

NIMT

National Institute of Metrology, Bangkok, Thailand

NIS

National Institute for Standards, Cairo, Egypt

NIST

National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo., USA

25

Table 3. Acronyms and locations of the timing centres which maintain a local
approximation of UTC, UTC(k), and/or an independent local time scale, TA(k) (Cont.)
(updated to March 2011)
NMIA

National Measurement Institute, Australia, Sydney, Australia

NMIJ

National Metrology Institute of Japan, Tsukuba, Japan

NMLS

National Metrology Laboratory of SIRIM Berhad, Shah Alam, Malaysia

NPL

National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, United Kingdom

NPLI

National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India

NRC

National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada

NRL

U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C., USA

NTSC

National Time Service Center of China, Lintong, P.R. China

ONBA

Observatorio Naval, Buenos Aires, Argentina

ONRJ

Observatrio Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

OP

Observatoire de Paris (Paris Observatory), Paris, France

ORB

Observatoire Royal de Belgique (Royal Observatory of Belgium), Brussels, Belgium

PL

Consortium of laboratories in Poland

PTB

Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany

ROA

Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada, San Fernando, Spain

SCL

Standards and Calibration Laboratory, Hong Kong

SG

National Metrology Centre - Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)

SIQ

Slovenian Institute of Quality and Metrology, Ljubljana, Slovenia

SMD

Metrology Division of the Quality and Safety Department - Scientific Metrology

Brussels, Belgium

SMU

Slovensk Metrologik stav (Slovak Institute of Metrology), Bratislava, Slovakia

SP

Sveriges Provnings- och Forskningsinstitut (Swedish National Testing

and Research Institute), Bors, Sweden

SU

Institute of Metrology for Time and Space (IMVP), NPO "VNIIFTRI"

Mendeleevo, Moscow Region, Russia

TCC

TIGO Concepcin Chile, Chile

TL

Telecommunication Laboratories, Chung-Li, Taiwan

TP

Institute of Photonics and Electronics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic

UA

National Science Center Institute of Metrology, Kharkhov, Ukraine

UME

Ulusai Metroloji Enstits, Marmara Research Centre,

(National Metrology Institute), Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey

USNO

U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington D.C., USA

VMI

Vietnam Metrology Institute, Ha Noi, Vietnam

VSL

VSL, Dutch Metrology Institute, Delft, the Netherlands

ZA

National metrology Institute of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa

Note: Most of the timing centres in the table can be accessed through the BIPM website, at Useful links.

26
Table 4. Equipment and source of UTC(k) of the laboratories contributing to TAI in 2010
Ind. Cs: industrial caesium standard
Ind. Rb: industrial rubidium standard
Lab. Cs: laboratory caesium standard
H-maser: hydrogen maser
SF:
single frequency receiver
DF:
dual frequency receiver
* means 'yes'

APL

3 Ind. Cs
3 H-masers

AUS (a)

5 Ind. Cs
2 H-masers

BEV

3 Ind. Cs
1 H-maser

1 Cs

BIM

3 Ind. Cs

1 Cs

BIRM

2 Ind. Cs
6 H-masers

1 Cs

BY (a)

6 H-masers

CAO

2 Ind. Cs

1 Cs

CH

4 Ind. Cs
(3)
1 H-maser
3 Ind. Cs
1 H-maser

all the Cs
1 H-maser
3 Ind. Cs
1 H-maser
+ microphase-stepper
1 Cs

CNM

*
(9)

Two-Way

1 H-maser
(2)
+ microphase-stepper
1 H-maser
+ frequency synthesizer
steered to UTC(APL)
1 Cs

TA(k)

GLONASS

3 Ind. Cs
2 H-masers

Source of UTC(k) (1)

DF

AOS

Equipment

SF

Lab k

Time Links
GPS

*
*

3-4 H-masers

*
*
*

*
*
*

CNMP

2 Ind. Cs

DLR

3 Ind. Cs
5 H-masers

1 Cs

DMDM

2 Ind. Cs

1 Cs
+ microphase-stepper

DTAG

3 Ind. Cs

1 Cs

EIM

4 Ind. Cs

1 Cs

HKO

2 Ind. Cs

1 Cs

IFAG

5 Ind. Cs
2 H-masers

1 Cs
+ microphase-stepper

IGNA

3 Ind. Cs

1 Cs
+ microphase-stepper

*
*
*
*

*
*
*

*
*

27

Table 4. Equipment and source of UTC(k) of the laboratories contributing to TAI in 2010 (Cont.)
Ind. Cs: industrial caesium standard
Ind. Rb: industrial rubidium standard
Lab. Cs: laboratory caesium standard
H-maser: hydrogen maser
SF:
single frequency receiver
DF:
dual frequency receiver
* means 'yes'

2 Ind. Cs

1 Cs

INTI (a)

1 Ind. Cs

1 Cs

IPQ

3 Ind. Cs

1 Cs
+ microphase-stepper
1 H-maser
+ microphase-stepper

IT

JATC

6 Ind. Cs
3 H-masers
2 Lab. Cs
18 Ind. Cs
(4)
3 H-masers

1 Cs
+ microphase-stepper

JV (a)

4 Ind. Cs

1 Cs

KIM (a)

1 Ind. Cs

1 Cs

KRIS

5 Ind. Cs
4 H-masers

1 H-maser
+ microphase-stepper

KZ

4 Ind. Cs

1 Cs
+ microphase-stepper

LT

2 Ind. Cs

1 Cs

LV

2 Ind. Cs

1 Cs

MIKE

2 Ind. Cs
3 H-masers

1 H-maser
+ microphase-stepper

MKEH

1 Ind. Cs

1 Cs

MSL

3 Ind. Cs

1 Cs

NAO (a)
NICT

NIM
NIMB

4 Ind. Cs
1 H-maser
27 Ind. Cs
7 H-masers
1 Lab. Cs
2 Ind. Cs
2 H-masers
2 Ind. Cs

1 Cs

*
*
*

*
*

*
*

1 H-maser
+ microphase-stepper

*
*

1 Cs
+ microphase-stepper
18 Cs
(5)

Two-Way

INPL

TA(k)

GLONASS

Source of UTC(k) (1)

DF

Equipment

SF

Lab k

Time Links
GPS

28

Table 4. Equipment and source of UTC(k) of the laboratories contributing to TAI in 2010 (Cont.)

NIMT

2 Ind. Cs

1 Cs
+ microphase-stepper

NIS (a)

3 Ind. Cs

1 Cs

NIST

8 Ind. Cs
2 Lab. Cs
6 H-masers
4 Ind. Cs
1 Lab. Cs
4 H-masers
3 Ind. Cs

4 Cs
6 H-masers
+ microphase-stepper
1 H-maser
+ microphase-stepper

NPL

3 Ind. Cs
4 H-masers

1 H-maser

NPLI

5 Ind. Cs

1 Cs

NRC

6 Ind. Cs
2 Lab. Cs
3 H-masers
4 Ind. Cs
3 H-masers

1 Ind. Cs
+ microphase-stepper

18 Ind. Cs
3 H-masers

1 Cs
+ microphase-stepper

NMIJ

NMLS

NRL
NTSC
ONBA

1 Ind. Cs

ONRJ

8 Ind. Cs
1 H-maser

OP

ORB
PL
PTB

ROA

6 Ind. Cs
1 H-maser

1 Cs
*

*
*

*
*

1 Cs
8 Cs
1 H-maser
+ microphase-stepper
1 Cs
+ microphase-stepper

1 H-maser
+ microphase-stepper

8 Ind. Cs
4 Lab. Cs
4 H-masers
3 Ind. Cs
2 H-masers
10 Ind. Cs
4 H-masers
3 Ind. Cs
4 Lab. Cs
3 H-masers

TA(k)

GLONASS

Source of UTC(k) (1)

DF

Equipment

SF

Lab k

Time Links
GPS

Two-Way

Ind. Cs: industrial caesium standard

Ind. Rb: industrial rubidium standard
Lab. Cs: laboratory caesium standard
H-maser: hydrogen maser
SF:
single frequency receiver
DF:
dual frequency receiver
* means 'yes'

*
*
(6)

*
*

(7)

1 H-maser

(10)

1 Cs
(8)
+ microphase-stepper
1 H-maser (11)
+ microphase-stepper

*
*
(9)

*
*

(11)
(12)

1 H-maser
+ frequency synthesizer
steered to UTC(ROA) (13)

29

Table 4. Equipment and source of UTC(k) of the laboratories contributing to TAI in 2010 (Cont.)

TA(k)

SCL

2 Ind. Cs

1 Cs
+ microphase-stepper

SG

4 Ind. Cs
1 H-maser

1 H-maser
+ microphase-stepper

SIQ

1 Ind. Cs

1 Cs

SMD

4 Ind. Cs
1 H-maser

1 Cs
+ microphase-stepper

SMU

1 Ind. Cs

1 Cs
+ output frequency steering

SP

13 Ind. Cs
7 H-masers

SU

1 Lab. Cs
8-12 H-masers

4-8 H-masers

TCC

3 Ind. Cs
3 H-masers

1 Cs

TL

13 Ind. Cs
3 H-masers

(14)

TP

5 Ind. Cs

1 Cs
+ output frequency steering

UA

1 Ind. Cs
3 H-masers

3 H-masers
+ microphase-stepper

UME

3 Ind. Cs

1 Cs

USNO

70 Ind. Cs
29 H-masers

*
*

1 H-maser
+ frequency synthesizer
steered to UTC(USNO) (16)
1 Cs
+ microphase-stepper

VMI

3 Ind. Cs

VSL

4 Ind. Cs

1 Cs
+ microphase-stepper

ZA

4 Ind. Cs

1 Cs

1 H-maser
+ microphase-stepper

1 H-maser
+ microphase-stepper

GLONASS

Source of UTC(k) (1)

DF

Equipment

SF

Lab k

Time Links
GPS

Two-Way

Ind. Cs: industrial caesium standard

Ind. Rb: industrial rubidium standard
Lab. Cs: laboratory caesium standard
H-maser: hydrogen maser
SF:
single frequency receiver
DF:
dual frequency receiver
* means 'yes'

*
*

*
*

*
*

*
*

(15)

*
*

*
(16)

*
*

*
*
*

30

Notes
(a)

Information based on the Annual Report for 2009, not confirmed by the laboratory.

(1)

When several clocks are indicated as source of UTC(k), laboratory k computes a software
clock, steered to UTC. Often a physical realization of UTC(k) is obtained using a Cs clock
and a micro-phase-stepper.

(2)

AOS

The UTC(AOS) is formed technically using 1 hydrogen maser and microstepper,

it is steered using TA(PL) data as a reference.

(3)

CH

All the standards are located in Bern at METAS (Federal Office of Metrology).
Since November 2007, UTC(CH) is defined in real time by a hydrogen maser steered to the
paper time scale UTC(CH.P) which is defined as a weighted average of all the clocks,
steered to UTC.
TA(CH) is also a weighted average of all the clocks, but free running.

(4)

JATC

The standards are located at National Time Service Centre (NTSC).

The link between UTC(JATC) and UTC(NTSC) is obtained by internal connection.

(5)

NICT

The standards are located as follows (at the end of 2010):

* Koganei Headquarters
* Ohtakadoya-yama LF station
* Hagane-yama LF station
* Kobe Advanced ICT Research Center

20 Cs, 7 H-masers
3 Cs
3 Cs
2 Cs

(6)

ONRJ

The Brazilian atomic time scale TA(ONRJ) is computed by the National

Observatory Time Service Division in Rio de Janeiro with data from 8 industrial caesium
clocks and 1 hydrogen maser.

(7)

OP

The French atomic time scale TA(F) is computed by the LNE-SYRTE

with data from 26 industrial caesium clocks located as follows (at the
end of 2010) :
* Centre Electronique de l'Armement (CELAR, Rennes)
* Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, Toulouse)
* France Telecom Recherche et Developpement (Lannion)
* Agilent Technologies France (Massy)
* Observatoire de la Cte d'Azur (OCA, Grasse)
* Observatoire de Paris (LNE-SYRTE, Paris)
* Observatoire de Besanon (OB, Besanon)
* Direction des Constructions Navales (DCN, Brest)
* Spectracom, Orolia (Les Ulis)
All laboratories are linked via GPS receivers.
The TA(F) frequency steering, based on the LNE-SYRTE PFS data, is
published in OP Time Service Bulletin.

(8)

PL

The Polish official timescale UTC(PL) is maintained by the GUM.

1 Cs
4 Cs
2 Cs
1 Cs
2 Cs
8 Cs
3 Cs
4 Cs
1 Cs

31
Notes (Cont.)
(9)

PL

The Polish atomic timescale TA(PL) is computed by the AOS and GUM
with data from 12 caesium clocks and 4 hydrogen masers located as
follows:
* Central Office of Measures (GUM, Warsaw)
* Astrogeodynamical Observatory, Space Research Center P.A.S.
(AOS, Borowiec)
* National Institute of Telecommunications (I, Warsaw)
* Polish Telecom (TPSA, Warsaw)
* Military Primary Standards Laboratory (CWOM, Warsaw)
and additionally
* Time and Frequency Standard Laboratory of the Semiconductor
Physics Institute, a guest laboratory from Lithuania
(LT, Vilnius, Lithuania)
* Time and Frequency Laboratory of Latvian National Metrology
Centre, a guest laboratory from Latvia
(LV, Riga, Latvia)

3 Cs, 1 H-maser
2 Cs, 2 H-masers
2 Cs
2 Cs
1 Cs, 1 H-maser
1 Cs
1 Cs

All laboratories are linked via MC GPS-CV, except for one clock of TPSA
linked via two-directional optical fibre connection.
(10)

PTB

The laboratory Cs, PTB CS1 and PTB CS2 are operated continuously as clocks.
PTB CS2 was out of operation for the three months, September to November 2010.
PTB CSF1 and CSF2 are fountain frequency standards using laser cooled caesium atoms.
Both are intermittently operated as frequency standards. Contributions to TAI are made
through comparisons with one of PTB's hydrogen masers.

(11)

PTB

Until September 2010, TA(PTB) has been derived from PTB CS2, later from PTB CS1,
without frequency steering. UTC(PTB) is based on the output of an active hydrogen maser
steered in frequency since MJD 55224 (February 2010). TA(PTB)-UTC(PTB) is published in
PTB Time Service Bulletin.

(12)

ROA

The standards are located as follows (at the end of 2010):

* Real Observatorio de la Armada en San Fernando
* Centro Espaol de Metrologa

5 Cs, 1 H-maser
1 Cs

(13)

ROA

Since March 2009, UTC(ROA) is defined in real time by an hydrogen maser, steered to the
paper time scale UTC(ROA) which is defined as a weighted average of all the clocks,
steered to UTC.

(14)

SP

The standards are located as follows (at the end of 2010):

* SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden (SP, Bors)
* STUPI AB (Stockholm)
* Pendulum Instruments AB (Stockholm)
* Onsala Space Observatory (Onsala)

4 Cs, 2 H-masers
7 Cs, 3 H-masers
1 Cs
1 CS, 2 H-masers

(15)

TL

TA(TL) is generated from a 13-caesium-clock ensemble.

(16)

USNO

The time scales A.1(MEAN) and UTC(USNO) are computed by USNO. They are
determined by a weighted average of Cs clocks and hydrogen masers located at the
USNO.
A.1(MEAN) is a free atomic time scale, while UTC(USNO) is steered to UTC. Included in
the total number of USNO atomic standards are the clocks located at the USNO
Alternate Master Clock in Colorado Springs, CO.

32
Table 5. Differences between the normalized frequencies of EAL and
TAI, up to April 2011
(File containing values since the beginning of the steering is available at
ftp://62.161.69.5/pub/tai/scale/ealtai10.ar)
Date
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2011
2011
2011

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR

29
28
30
29
29
28
28
27
26
31
30
30
29
28
29
28
28
27
27
31
30
30
29
29
28
27
29
28
28
27
27
31
30
30
29
29
28
27
29
28
28
27
27
26
30
30
29
29
28
27
29

2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2011
2011
2011
2011

[f(EAL) - f(TAI)] x 10-13

MJD
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR

28
30
29
29
28
28
27
26
31
30
30
29
28
29
28
28
27
27
31
30
30
29
29
28
27
29
28
28
27
27
31
30
30
29
29
28
27
29
28
28
27
27
26
30
30
29
29
28
27
29
28

54129
54159
54189
54219
54249
54279
54309
54339
54369
54404
54434
54464
54494
54524
54554
54584
54614
54644
54674
54709
54739
54769
54799
54829
54859
54889
54919
54949
54979
55009
55039
55074
55104
55134
55164
55194
55224
55254
55284
55314
55344
55374
55404
55434
55469
55499
55529
55559
55589
55619
55649

54159
54189
54219
54249
54279
54309
54339
54369
54404
54434
54464
54494
54524
54554
54584
54614
54644
54674
54709
54739
54769
54799
54829
54859
54889
54919
54949
54979
55009
55039
55074
55104
55134
55164
55194
55224
55254
55284
55314
55344
55374
55404
55434
55469
55499
55529
55559
55589
55619
55649
55679

6.802
6.802
6.802
6.802
6.799
6.796
6.793
6.790
6.787
6.784
6.779
6.776
6.772
6.769
6.766
6.763
6.758
6.753
6.750
6.747
6.742
6.739
6.736
6.731
6.726
6.721
6.716
6.711
6.706
6.701
6.696
6.691
6.686
6.681
6.676
6.671
6.666
6.661
6.656
6.651
6.645
6.639
6.633
6.626
6.619
6.612
6.605
6.598
6.591
6.584
6.577

As the time scales UTC and TAI differ by an integral number of seconds
(see Tables 1 and 2), UTC is necessarily subjected to the same intentional
Frequency adjustment as TAI.

33

Table 6. Measurements of the duration of the TAI scale interval

(File available at ftp://62.161.69.5/pub/tai/scale/UTAI/utai10.ar)

TAI is a realization of coordinate time TT. The following tables give the fractional deviation d of the scale interval of
TAI from that of TT (in practice the SI second on the geoid), i.e. the fractional frequency deviation of TAI with the
opposite sign: d = -yTAI.
In this table, d is obtained on the given periods of estimation by comparison of the TAI frequency with that of the
individual primary frequency standards (PFS) IT-CSF1, NICT-CSF1, NIST-F1, NMIJ-F1, NPL-CSF2, PTB-CS1,
PTB-CS2, PTB-CSF1, PTB-CSF2, SYRTE-FO1, SYRTE-FO2, SYRTE-FOM and SYRTE-JPO for the year 2010.
Previous calibrations are available in the successive annual reports of the BIPM Time Section volumes 1 to 18 and
in the BIPM annual report on time activities volume 1 to 4.
Each comparison is provided with the following information:
uA is the uncertainty originating in the instability of the PFS,
uB is the combined uncertainty from systematic effects,
ulink/lab is the uncertainty in the link between the PFS and the clock participating to TAI, including the uncertainty due
to dead-time,
ulink/TAI is the uncertainty in the link to TAI, computed using the standard uncertainty of [UTC-UTC(k)],
u is the quadratic sum of all four uncertainty values.
In this table, a frequency over a time interval is defined as the ratio of the end-point phase difference to the duration
of the interval.
The typical characteristics of the calibrations of the TAI frequency provided by the different primary standards over
2010 are indicated below. Reports of individual PFS evaluations may be found at
ftp://62.161.69.5/pub/tai/data/PFS_reports. Ref(uB) is a reference giving information on the stated value of uB,
uB(Ref) is the uB value stated in this reference. Note that the current uB values are generally not the same as the
peer reviewed values given in Ref(uB).
Primary
Standard
IT-CSF1
NICT-CSF1
NIST-F1
NMIJ-F1
NPL-CSF2
PTB-CS1
PTB-CS2
PTB-CSF1
PTB-CSF2
SYRTE-FO1
SYRTE-FO2
SYRTE-FOM
SYRTE-JPO

Type
/selection
Fountain
Fountain
Fountain
Fountain
Fountain
Beam /Mag.
Beam /Mag.
Fountain
Fountain
Fountain
Fountain
Fountain
Beam /Opt.

Type B std.
uncertainty
(0.5 to 0.9)x10-15
(0.9 to 1.0)x10-15
0.31x10-15
3.9x10-15
(0.40 to 0.59)x10-15
8x10-15
12x10-15
(0.76 to 0.81)x10-15
0.60x10-15
(0.40 to 0.48)x10-15
(0.38 to 0.41)x10-15
(0.82 to 0.86)x10-15
6.3x10-15

uB(Ref)/10-15
0.5
1.9
0.35
3.9
0.41
8.
12.
1.4
0.8
0.72
0.65
0.80
6.3

Ref(uB)
[ 1]
[ 2]
[ 3]
[ 4]
[ 5]
[ 6]
[ 7]
[ 8]
[ 9]
[10]
[10]
[11]
[12]

Comparison Number/typical duration

with
of comp.
H maser
6 / 15 d to 35 d
UTC(NICT)
2 / 15 d to 25 d
H maser
7 / 15 d to 25 d
H maser
5 / 15 d to 35 d
18 (8 in 2009)/10 d to 40 d
H maser
TAI
12 / 30 d
TAI
8 / 30 d
H maser
4 / 15 d to 30 d
H maser
1 / 15 d
H maser
6 / 15 d to 30 d
H maser
9 / 15 d to 30 d
H maser
5 / 15 d to 35 d
H maser
9 / 5 d to 35 d

More detailed information on the characteristics and operation of individual PFS may be found in the annexes
supplied by the individual laboratories.

34
Table 6. (Cont.)
Standard

Period of d/10-15 uA/10-15 uB/10-15 ulink/lab ulink/TAI u/10-15 Notes

estimation
/10-15 /10-15

IT-CsF1
IT-CsF1
IT-CsF1
IT-CsF1
IT-CsF1
IT-CsF1

55194
55334
55349
55379
55399
55449

55214
55349
55374
55399
55434
55464

2.71
4.66
7.29
4.40
4.95
8.34

0.60
0.40
0.60
0.40
0.30
0.40

0.60
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.60
0.90

0.50
0.40
0.20
0.20
0.10
0.20

0.52
0.73
0.46
0.56
0.34
0.73

1.11
1.05
0.93
0.88
0.76
1.24

NICT-CsF1 55189 55214

NICT-CsF1 55534 55549

4.09
6.44

1.00
1.00

0.90 0.30
1.10 0.30

0.23
0.37

1.40
1.56

NIST-F1
NIST-F1
NIST-F1
NIST-F1
NIST-F1
NIST-F1
NIST-F1

55219
55274
55354
55404
55444
55494
55529

55244
55299
55374
55419
55469
55509
55549

5.20
6.38
8.04
5.62
7.10
6.37
4.55

0.31
0.37
0.30
0.47
0.35
0.46
0.43

0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31

0.21
0.19
0.16
0.21
0.19
0.31
0.21

0.46
0.46
0.56
0.73
0.38
0.43
0.28

0.67
0.69
0.73
0.95
0.63
0.77
0.64

NMIJ-F1
NMIJ-F1
NMIJ-F1
NMIJ-F1
NMIJ-F1

55349
55404
55439
55504
55529

55364
55439
55469
55529
55559

3.54
4.14
6.73
5.30
4.99

0.90
0.60
0.60
0.70
0.70

3.90
3.90
3.90
3.90
3.90

0.40
0.10
0.10
0.30
0.30

0.49
0.20
0.26
0.23
0.20

4.05
3.95
3.96
3.98
3.98

NPL-CsF2
NPL-CsF2
NPL-CsF2
NPL-CsF2
NPL-CsF2
NPL-CsF2
NPL-CsF2
NPL-CsF2
NPL-CsF2
NPL-CsF2
NPL-CsF2
NPL-CsF2
NPL-CsF2
NPL-CsF2
NPL-CsF2
NPL-CsF2
NPL-CsF2
NPL-CsF2

54904
54974
55004
55039
55064
55084
55119
55169
55194
55224
55254
55284
55314
55334
55394
55404
55459
55484

54934
54984
55014
55049
55074
55114
55144
55194
55224
55254
55284
55294
55329
55349
55404
55444
55479
55509

5.36
3.22
4.84
3.11
5.38
3.30
3.51
4.70
4.86
2.79
3.91
3.10
6.08
3.94
6.43
5.32
7.21
5.01

0.41
0.66
1.08
0.74
0.76
0.38
0.42
0.19
0.18
0.35
0.37
0.69
0.45
0.32
0.31
0.17
0.20
0.41

0.41
0.45
0.59
0.43
0.51
0.41
0.41
0.40
0.40
0.43
0.41
0.40
0.40
0.41
0.42
0.40
0.40
0.49

0.07
0.05
0.43
0.28
0.15
0.07
0.08
0.01
0.10
0.19
0.06
0.11
0.23
0.35
0.09
0.20
0.03
0.05

0.33
0.88
0.88
1.39
1.75
0.65
0.77
0.46
0.39
0.39
0.39
1.05
0.73
0.73
1.05
0.26
2.67
2.18

0.67
1.19
1.57
1.65
1.98
0.86
0.97
0.64
0.60
0.70
0.68
1.33
0.97
0.96
1.18
0.54
2.71
2.27

PTB-CS1
PTB-CS1
PTB-CS1
PTB-CS1
PTB-CS1
PTB-CS1
PTB-CS1
PTB-CS1
PTB-CS1
PTB-CS1
PTB-CS1
PTB-CS1

55194
55224
55254
55284
55314
55344
55374
55404
55439
55469
55499
55529

55224
55254
55284
55314
55344
55374
55404
55439
55469
55499
55529
55559

-2.86
-6.48
-4.25
-5.21
-1.81
5.69
-3.55
0.14
-0.84
-1.93
3.05
-4.41

5.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00

8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.11
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13

9.43
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00

(1)

35
Table 6. (Cont.)
Standard

Period of d/10-15 uA/10-15 uB/10-15 ulink/lab ulink/TAI u/10-15 Notes

estimation
/10-15 /10-15

PTB-CS2
PTB-CS2
PTB-CS2
PTB-CS2
PTB-CS2
PTB-CS2
PTB-CS2
PTB-CS2

55194
55224
55254
55284
55314
55344
55374
55404

55224
7.63
55254
6.29
55284
1.89
55314
0.23
55344
5.09
55374
1.45
55404 -1.04
55439
5.37

3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00

12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.11

12.37
12.37
12.37
12.37
12.37
12.37
12.37
12.37

PTB-CSF1
PTB-CSF1
PTB-CSF1
PTB-CSF1

55349
55379
55484
55514

55364
55409
55499
55529

7.23
6.34
7.36
8.20

0.24
0.22
0.24
0.24

0.81
0.76
0.76
0.76

0.05
0.02
0.02
0.03

0.24
0.13
0.24
0.24

0.88
0.80
0.83
0.83

PTB-CSF2

55244 55259

7.39

0.70

0.60 0.02

0.24

0.95

SYRTE-FO1
SYRTE-FO1
SYRTE-FO1
SYRTE-FO1
SYRTE-FO1
SYRTE-FO1

55199
55284
55329
55409
55469
55539

55224
55314
55344
55434
55494
55559

4.90
4.84
5.09
5.59
5.79
5.77

0.20
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.30
0.70

0.41
0.40
0.41
0.44
0.48
0.42

0.11
0.11
0.10
0.14
0.14
0.12

0.54
0.46
0.85
0.54
0.54
0.66

0.71
0.69
0.97
0.74
0.79
1.06

SYRTE-FO2
SYRTE-FO2
SYRTE-FO2
SYRTE-FO2
SYRTE-FO2
SYRTE-FO2
SYRTE-FO2
SYRTE-FO2
SYRTE-FO2

55194
55224
55254
55284
55329
55344
55409
55479
55539

55224
55254
55284
55309
55344
55364
55429
55494
55559

5.50
4.56
4.79
5.58
6.30
6.41
5.09
6.88
6.58

0.35
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.20
0.30
0.70

0.38
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.38
0.40
0.40
0.41
0.39

0.10
0.10
0.10
0.11
0.10
0.14
0.11
0.12
0.12

0.43
0.46
0.46
0.54
0.85
0.66
0.66
0.85
0.66

0.68
0.68
0.68
0.74
0.99
0.84
0.80
1.00
1.04

SYRTE-FOM
SYRTE-FOM
SYRTE-FOM
SYRTE-FOM
SYRTE-FOM

55344
55364
55404
55439
55529

55359
55399
55434
55469
55544

5.96
4.52
4.76
5.82
6.53

0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
1.00

0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.82

2.00
1.00
2.00
1.00
0.12

0.85
0.40
0.46
0.46
0.85

2.35
1.39
2.23
1.41
1.55

SYRTE-JPO
SYRTE-JPO
SYRTE-JPO
SYRTE-JPO
SYRTE-JPO
SYRTE-JPO
SYRTE-JPO
SYRTE-JPO
SYRTE-JPO

55194
55224
55254
55284
55324
55344
55374
55404
55439

55224
3.89
55254
3.37
55284
5.33
55314
7.38
55344
7.76
55374
4.04
55404
2.77
55439 -0.12
55444
7.91

0.61
0.68
0.65
0.61
0.71
0.94
0.90
0.85
2.83

6.30
6.30
6.30
6.30
6.30
6.30
6.30
6.30
6.30

0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30

0.43
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.66
0.46
0.46
0.40
2.29

6.35
6.36
6.36
6.35
6.38
6.39
6.39
6.38
7.28

Notes:
(1) Continuously operating as a clock participating to TAI.
(2) Operated in MPQ, Garching (Germany)
(3) Operated in OCA (France)

(1)

(2)
(3)
(3)
(3)

36

References:
[1] Levi F. et al., Metrologia 43(6), 545, 2006.
[2] Lee S.H. et al. , Metrologia 46(3), 227-236, 2009.
[3] Kumagai M., et al., Metrologia 45(2), 139-148, 2008.
[4] Heavner T.P. et al., Metrologia 42, 411, 2005. Parker T.E. et al., Metrologia 42, 423, 2005.
[5] Kurosu T. et al., IEEE Trans. IM 53, 466, 2004.
[6] Bauch A. et al., Metrologia 35, 829, 1998; Bauch A., Metrologia 42, S43, 2005.
[7] Bauch A. et al., IEEE Trans. IM 36, 613, 1987; Bauch A., Metrologia 42, S43, 2005.
[8] Weyers S. et al., Metrologia 38(4), 343, 2001; Weyers S. et al., Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on
Frequency Standards and Metrology, University of St Andrews, World Scientific Pub., 64-71, 2001.
[9] Gerginov V. et al., Metrologia 47(1), 65-79, 2010.
[10] Vian C. et al., IEEE Trans. IM 54, 833, 2005 ; Vian C. et al., Proc 19th EFTF, 53, 2005.
[11] Marion H. et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 150801, 2003.
[12] Makdissi A. and de Clercq E., Metrologia 38(5), 409, 2001.

37

Report on the activity of IT-CsF1 Primary Frequency Standard during 2010

Davide Calonico, Luca Lorini, Filippo Levi, and Aldo Godone
Istituto Nazionale Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Str. delle Cacce 91 -10135 Torino - Italy
During 2010, IT-CsF1 reported six frequency evaluation to the BIPM. In the tables below, a summary
of the report and a typical accuracy budget is shown.
CircT

Period (MJD)

Dur.

Local Osc.

yITCsF1-yTAI

uA

uB

ulab

uTAI

265

55194 55214

20

1401103

2.71

0.60

0.60

0.50

0.52

1.11

271

55334 55349

15

1401103

4.66

0.40

0.50

0.40

0.73

1.05

271

55349 55374

25

1401103

7.29

0.60

0.50

0.20

0.46

0.93

271

55379 55399

20

1401103

4.40

0.40

0.50

0.20

0.56

0.88

272

55399 55434

35

1401103

4.95

0.30

0.60

0.10

0.34

0.76

274

55449 55464

15

1401103

8.34

0.40

0.90

0.20

0.73

1.24

Effect
Quadratic Zeeman (field map)
Blackbody Radiation
Collisional (average)(*)
Gravitational Potential
Microwave related
Total

Bias (x10-15)

Uncertainty (x10-15)

45.75
-28.50
-1.0
26.10
42.35

0.06
0.30
0.10
0.01
0.50
0.70

(*) collisional shift is continuously corrected; here is taken into account only the type B uncertainty [1].
The reference papers for IT-CsF1 evaluations procedure are [1,2]. Some details are reported here.
Atomic density shift: IT-CsF1 is operated alternating a low-density state ( s) and a high-density
state (5000 s), then the measured frequency is extrapolated to the zero density condition. The
uncertainty, is composed of a type A part, taken into account by the linear fit of the data, and of a type
B component, 10% of the weighted averaged density shift [1].
Statistical analysis: both orthodox and Bayesian techniques has been applied to the analysis of the
collisional shift correction [3]. This leads to the rigorous embedding of the theoretical information
concerning the sign of the collisional shift in the analysis, reducing up to 30% the type A uncertainty.
Quadratic Zeeman shift: the magnetic field is mapped along the atom flight path before each fountain
evaluation, with low frequency transition spectroscopy (F=0, m=1); Long term stability of the
Zeeman shift is of few parts in 1016 .
Blackbody radiation shift: the blackbody radiation shift is corrected using the value =-1.711(3)x10-14;
IT-CsF1 is operated around 343 K and the uncertainty on this correction is typically 2-310-16.
Microwave related shifts: the presence of unwanted microwave related shifts (such as microwave
leakages, spurious spectrum components, distributed phase shifts) is tested as described in [4] before
and after each TAI evaluation. The measured shift is compatible with zero at 3-510-16 level.
[1] F. Levi, D. Calonico, L. Lorini, A. Godone, IEN-CsF1 primary frequency standard at INRIM:
accuracy evaluation and TAI calibrations, Metrologia 43, 6, 545-555, 2006.
[2] F. Levi, L. Lorini, D. Calonico, A. Godone, IEN-CsF1 Accuracy Evaluation and Two-Way
Frequency Comparison, IEEE Trans. On UFFC, Vol. 51, No. 10, 2004
[3] D. Calonico, F. Levi, L. Lorini and G. Mana, Bayesian estimate of the zero-density frequency of a
Cs fountain Metrologia, 46, 629-636, 2009
[4] J.H. Shirley,F. Levi, T.P. Heavner, D. Calonico, Yu Dai-Hyuk, S.R. Jefferts, Microwave leakageinduced frequency shifts in the primary frequency Standards NIST-F1 and IEN-CSF1, IEEE Trans.
On UFFC 53, 12, 23762385, 2006

38
Operation of Cs atomic fountain NICT-CsF1 in 2010
NICT-CsF1, the cesium atomic fountain primary frequency standard at the National Institute of
Information and Communications Technology has been in operation to contribute to the determination
of TAI since 2006. In 2010, we performed accuracy evaluations with the NICT-CsF1 twice, i.e. 25-days
over the period of MJD 55189-55214 and 15-days over the period of MJD 55534-55549[2, 3]. Among
2010, we had many troubles on the NICT-CsF1 and its operation was interrupted many times. Despite
of the accidental troubles the NICT-CsF1 still made valuable contribution to the TAI.
The evaluation method of systematic shifts and their uncertainties was essentially the same as
described in the first evaluation report circulated to the working group on the primary frequency
standard (CCTF-WGPFS) in 2007 and also in the published paper [1]. The lower atomic number
density operation resulted in smaller collisional shift and associated uncertainty (20% of the frequency
bias) than those stated in the first report, and the variation of the collisional shift measurement became
a little larger. However, we have confirmed that it was consistent with stated Type A uncertainty of 1.0
-15
10 .
We summarize the corrected biases and their uncertainties in 2010 measurements as below.
Physical Effect

Bias (10-15)

Uncertainty (10-15)

2nd Zeeman

74.8

<0.1

Collision (averaged)

-2.5

0.5

Blackbody Radiation

-16.9

0.4

8.4

0.1

-2.0

0.3

Cavity Pulling

0.0

<0.1

Rabi Pulling

0.0

<0.1

Ramsey Pulling

0.0

<0.1

Spectral Impurities

0.0

<0.1

Light Shift

0.0

<0.1

Distributed Cavity Phase

0.0

0.3

Majorana

0.0

<0.1

Background Gas

0.0

0.3

Gravity Potential
MW-PW Dependence

Total (Type B)

0.9

Table 1. Frequency shifts and their uncertainties in the campaign of MJD 55189-55214
The total uncertainty including both Type A and B is 1.3 10-15.
For the operation of NICT-CsF1, a hydrogen maser is used as a local oscillator. At present, instead of
sending data of the maser to BIPM, we are reporting a frequency difference between CsF1 and
UTC(NICT) with a 0.3 10-15 uncertainty of the internal link.
References
[1] M. Kumagai, H. Ito, M. Kajita and M. Hosokawa; Evaluation of Caesium Atomic Fountain
NICT-CsF1Metrologia 45 (2008) 139-148.
[2] Circular T 265
[3] Circular T 276

39
Operation of NIST-F1 in 2010
NIST-F1, the Cs fountain primary frequency standard at the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST), has been in operation since November 1998, and the first formal report to the
BIPM was made in November 1999 [1]. Two papers updating the operation of NIST-F1 were later
published in 2005 [2, 3]. During a formal evaluation the average frequency of one of the hydrogen
masers at NIST is measured by NIST-F1 and the results, along with all relevant biases and
uncertainties, are reported to the BIPM for publication in Circular T. NIST-F1 is not operated as a clock
and is run only intermittently. The standard is constantly evolving, and both hardware and software
improvements are continually being made. These improvements now tend to be aimed more at
increasing the fountain run time and reliability, rather than decreasing the uncertainty. In addition there
is always an improved understanding of how the standard operates [4]. In all formal evaluations a
range of atom densities was used along with a weighted linear least squares fit to determine the
frequency at zero density. The typical frequency shift from the lowest measured density to zero density
-16
in 2010 was on the order of 6x10 . Each formal evaluation also includes mapping the magnetic field,
and measurements of possible biases due to such things as microwave amplitude and light leaks.
Seven formal evaluations were carried out in 2010. All were made with a range of atom densities to
determine the spin exchange shift. We stopped using historical atom density slopes in 2010 after it
was observed that, after years of stability, the slope of the spin exchange slope began changing. The
cause was traced to increasing noise levels in the master laser due to pump laser degradation. This
increased the slope due to changes in atom detection efficiency. For the foreseeable future all
evaluations of NIST-F1 will be made with a range of atom densities. NIST-F1 has also been used in
comparisons to NIST-F2, a cryogenic cesium fountain frequency standard. This will ultimately lead to
an improved measurement of the blackbody shift. Hopefully, NIST-F2 will be in operation as a primary
frequency standard in 2011.
The Type B uncertainties in NIST-F1 for the seven runs in 2010 are substantially the same as those
given in Table 1 of [2], and are dominated by the blackbody and microwave amplitude shifts.
Reference 2 is the source for uB(Ref) given in Circular T. The density shift uncertainty is included in the
Type A uncertainty. The total Type B uncertainty for all of the runs in 2010 was 3.1x10-16, dominated
by the blackbody shift with an uncertainty of 2.8x10-16. The Type A uncertainties ranged from 3.0x10-16
to 4.7x10-16 for the seven runs. The uncertainties due to the spin exchange shift ranged from 1.4x10-16
to 3.3x10-16. Total uncertainties, including frequency transfer and dead time uncertainties, ranged from
6.3x10-16 to 9.5x10-16.
REFERENCES
1
2
3
4

S.R. Jefferts, J. Shirley, T.E. Parker, T.P. Heavner, D.M. Meekhof, C. Nelson, F. Levi, G.
Costanzo, A. De Marchi, R. Drullinger, L. Hollberg, W.D. Lee, and F.L. Walls, Accuracy
Evaluation of NIST-F1, Metrologia, vol. 39, pp 321-336, 2002.
T.P. Heavner, S.R. Jefferts, E.A. Donley, J.H. Shirley, and T.E. Parker, NIST-F1: Recent
Improvements and Accuracy Evaluations, Metologia, vol. 42, pp 411-422, 2005.
T.E. Parker, S.R. Jefferts, T.P. Heavner, and E.A. Donley, Operation of the NIST-F1 Caesium
Fountain Primary Frequency Standard with a Maser Ensemble, Including the Impact of Frequency
Transfer Noise, Metologia, vol. 42, pp 423-430, 2005.
J.H. Shirley, Weight Functions for Biases in Atomic Frequency Standards, IEEE Transactions on
Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, vol. 57, No. 3, pp 746-756, March 2010.

40

Operation of NMIJ-F1 Primary Frequency Standard in 2010

In 2010, we have operated NMIJ-F1 officially six times for 15 to 35 days in each one
campaign to calibrate TAI. The operation time during a year was 165 days in total.
Some optics and electronics were replaced to new ones, the uncertainty evaluation

was the same as the one we have ever used [1,2], which is shown in Table 1.
Bias (x10-15)

Uncertainty (x10-15)

2nd order Zeeman

185.0

0.5

Blackbody radiation

-18.0

1.4

Gravitation

1.6

0.1

Cold collisions

0.0

3.3

Distributed cavity phase

0.0

1.2

Microwave power dependence

0.0

0.7

168.6

3.9

Source of uncertainty

Total

Table 1: Typical uncertainty budget used in 2010

[1] T. Kurosu, Y. Fukuyama, Y. Koga and K. Abe, Preliminary evaluation of the Cs atomic
fountain frequency standard at NMIJ/AIST. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 53, pp. 466-471,
2004
[2] S.Yanagimachi, A. Takamizawa, Y. Yoshida, A. Yanagimachi, K. Watabe, K. Hagimoto and T.
Ikegami, Recent Progress of an atomic fountain frequency standard NMIJ-F1 (2006-2007), in
2008 CPEM Digest, Broomfield, pp. 324-325, 2008.

41

Operation of the NPL-CsF2 primary frequency standard in 2010

The caesium fountain standard NPL-CsF2 was made fully operational and characterised in 2009,
but it was in 2010 when the first official report of the TAI step interval evaluation was submitted to the
BIPM Time section. This was following the publication of the details of the standard [1] and its
acceptance by the CCTF Working Group on Primary Frequency Standards. The first report covered
eight operation periods in 2009 to demonstrate a consistent long-term behaviour of the new standard.
Subsequent reports covered ten periods of operation in 2010.
After the initial evaluation of the NPL-CsF2 fountain standard in 2009, its operation procedure
was later optimized following an implementation of an optical pumping stage after the launch of cold
atoms [2]. A short pulse of linearly polarised light (-polarisation), resonant with the F = 4 F = 4
transition and accompanied by a repumper pulse (F = 3 F = 4) resulted in an accumulation of the
atomic populations in one of the clock states, F = 4, mF = 0, which is a dark state for this light
configuration.
The improved and optimized standard, operating in an alternating mode (between high and low
density/atom number), demonstrated the effective short-term stability of the frequency extrapolated to
zero density at the level of less than 1 10-15 in one day of averaging. The type A uncertainty for
NPL-CsF2 was calculated assuming white frequency noise and a reduction of statistical noise as
1/1/2.
An uncertainty due to dead time is calculated as a quadratic sum of uncertainties due to individual
gaps in the measurement. Assuming the instability of the reference hydrogen maser to be dominated

by a flicker frequency modulation, we get: u dt 2 i y / T

; where i is a duration of a gap, T is a

duration of the entire campaign, and the maser instability is y() 1.2 10-15 (for 500 <[s] < 6
105).
The type B uncertainties are summarized in the table below [1]. The low type B uncertainty of the
frequency shift due to collisions between cold atoms is achieved by operating the fountain near the
shift cancellation point [3].
Type B evaluation
Second order Zeeman
Blackbody radiation
AC Stark (lasers)
Microwave spectrum
Gravity
Cold collisions (typically)
Collisions with background gas
Rabi, Ramsey pulling
Cavity phase (distributed)
Cavity phase (dynamic)
Cavity pulling
Microwave leakage
Microwave recoil
Second-order Doppler
Total uB

Uncertainty / 10-16
0.8
1.1
0.1
0.1
0.5
<1.0
1.0
0.1
3.0
0.1
0.2
1.0
1.5
0.1
4.0

References:
[1] K. Szymaniec, S.E. Park, G. Marra, W. Chalupczak, First accuracy evaluation of the NPL-CsF2
primary frequency standard, Metrologia, 47 (2010) 363-376.
[2] K. Szymaniec and S.E. Park, Primary frequency standard NPL-CsF2: optimized operation near
the collisional shift cancellation point, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. (2011) in press.
[3] K. Szymaniec, W. Chalupczak, E. Tiesinga, C.J. Williams, S. Weyers, R. Wynands, Cancellation
of the collisional frequency shift in caesium fountain clocks, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 (2007) 153002.

42

Operation of the PTB primary clocks in 2010

PTB's primary clocks with a thermal beam

During 2010 PTBs primary clocks CS1 and CS2 [1] have been operated continuously during 12
months and 8 months, respectively. Time differences UTC(PTB) - clock in the standard ALGOS format
have been reported to BIPM, so that ul/lab is zero. The mean relative frequency offset (for 9 months)
between the two clocks amounted to about 610-15.
The clocks operational parameters were checked periodically and validated to estimate the clock
uncertainty. These parameters are the Zeeman frequency, the temperature of the beam tube (vacuum
enclosure), the line width of the clock transition as a measure of the mean atomic velocity, the
microwave power level, the spectral purity of the microwave excitation signal, and some characteristic
signals of the electronics.
CS1
Based on continuous comparison with an active hydrogen maser, the CS1 relative frequency
instability was found to vary between 6810-15 and 8010-15 for an averaging time of 1 hour, in good
agreement with the prediction based on the beam flux, clock transition signal and line width. With
reference to TAI, the standard deviation of d(CS1) (Circular T Section 4) was well within the value
uA( = 30 d, CS1) = 61015 stated in Circular T. During 2009, only one reversal of the beam direction
was performed on CS1. No findings call for a modification of the previously stated relative frequency
uncertainty uB, which is 81015 for CS1 [2].
CS2
PTBs primary clock CS2 was out of operation between 1st September and early November 2010.
Both caesium ovens had become empty, one already in summer 2008. It was decided to re-start CS2
operations with a minimum of intervention to the vacuum and atomic beam forming system. It was
obviously necessary to refill the two caesium ovens and to replace part of the (outdated) vacuum
measurement equipment (ionisation gauges and controllers). Aside of this, we took the chance to
replace the signal cabling and connected the clock electronics with the signal distribution and
measurement system of PTB using state-of-the-art rf-cables.
The work performed was thoroughly described in a report to the CCTF Working Group on Primary
Frequency Standards (WGPFS). As a result of all measures taken we reported that the CS2 frequency
shifting effects have not been affected by the repair measures. The uncertainty estimate as detailed in
[1, 2] is considered as still valid, and the CS2 uB is thus estimated as 1210-15. No beam reversal and
thus no determination of the beam-reversal frequency shift have been made for 2.5 years. Until mid
2011 we plan to perform a beam reversal every 2 to 3 weeks so that we get confidence in the
frequency correction to be applied.
The CS2 oven temperature was finally adjusted so that we can expect a relative frequency instability
of y( = 1 hour) = 6510-15. This value corresponds to the findings of previous years and justifies the
estimate of the uncertainty contributions uA as uA( = 30 d, CS2) = 31015. The standard deviation of
the 9 monthly values d(CS2) from 2010 also supports this estimate.
The WGPFS recommended monitoring the stability of CS2 with respect to TAI during a few months
before making use of it as a primary frequency standard.
PTBs caesium fountain clock CSF1
A detailed description of the PTB fountain CSF1 is given in Refs. [3] and [4]. In 2010 CSF1 provided a
primary clock signal during 94.5% of the year. The high degree of availability enabled us to
successfully introduce a new realization method for UTC(PTB) by steering the PTB hydrogen maser
H5 output frequency by CSF1. Five measurements of the TAI scale unit of 15 (3x), 25 and 30 days

43
duration, respectively, were performed in 2010 and reported to the BIPM. Due to the performance and
reliability of the laser systems dead times are routinely kept below 1% of the nominal duration. The
resulting clock link uncertainty ul/lab was thus far below 0.110-15. The statistical uncertainty of CSF1
measurements was calculated with the assumption of white frequency noise for the total measurement
intervals. Including a small statistical uncertainty contribution due to the measurement instrumentation,
we arrived at statistical uncertainties uA < 0.310-15 for the five TAI contributions in 2010.
Moreover, in 2010 CSF1 was used for optical frequency measurements of the 467 nm octupole
transition in a single 171Yb+-ion, of the 698 nm optical clock transition in a 87Sr lattice clock, and of the
2-photon 1S-2S atomic hydrogen transition at the Max-Planck-Institut fr Quantenoptik (Munich) via
a 900 km optical fibre link.
Below we compile corrected biases and the uncertainty budget of CSF1, valid for the most recent TAI
scale unit measurements.
Bias / 10-15

Type B uncertainty / 10-15

Second order Zeeman shift

46.28

0.10

Black body radiation shift

- 16.59

0.10

Cold collisions

- 1.15

0.30

8.58

0.10

Physical effect

Gravitational red shift

Cavity phase

0.10

Majorana transitions

0.10

Rabi and Ramsey pulling

0.10

Microwave leakage

0.10

Electronics

0.20

Light shift

0.10

Background gas collisions

0.10

Microwave power dependence

0.60

Total type B uncertainty

0.76

Table 1: Typical frequency biases and type B uncertainties of PTB-CSF1 in 2010

PTBs caesium fountain clock CSF2
PTBs new caesium fountain clock CSF2 has been fully evaluated in 2008/2009. A detailed description
of the fountain and its uncertainty evaluation has been published in Metrologia [5]. In 2010 one
measurement of the TAI scale unit of 15 days duration was performed and reported to the BIPM. The
dead time of this measurement was below 0.3%, so that the resulting clock link uncertainty ul/lab was
far below 0.110-15. For this measurement for the first time the atoms were loaded into the molasses
from a cold atom beam, which increased the number of loaded atoms, so that a relative frequency
instability of 1.61013 (/s)1/2 was obtained. At that time a 9.2 GHz microwave synthesis was still
employed in CSF2, which was not specified at instability levels below 10-15. However, an internal
frequency comparison between CSF1 and CSF2, for which the Allan standard deviation was
dominated by white frequency noise of CSF2, showed a -1/2-dependence down to 710-16 at 130000 s
averaging time. Therefore uA = 0.7010-15 was used as an upper limit for the statistical uncertainty of
CSF2. The cold beam utilization also enabled a more efficient determination of the collisional shift at
lower statistical uncertainty levels than before.
Later in 2010 the same new microwave frequency synthesis setup [6] as utilized in CSF1 has been
introduced in the CSF2 electronics setup. Therefore the statistical uncertainty of CSF2 frequency
measurements is no more limited at the 710-16-level. The replacement of the master laser diode and

44
a better profile adjustment and intensity balancing of the cooling laser beams resulted in an improved
performance with respect to the loaded atom number and the achievable signal-to-noise ratio.
Currently the systematic uncertainty contribution due to the distributed cavity phase is re-evaluated
based on the findings in Ref. [7]. After this CSF2 will be used again for TAI scale unit measurements.
Below we compile corrected biases and the uncertainty budget of CSF2, valid for the February/March
2010 TAI scale unit measurement.
Bias / 10-15

Type B uncertainty / 10-15

Second order Zeeman shift

99.58

0.06

Black body radiation shift

- 16.57

0.06

Cold collisions

- 1.04

0.34

Gravitational red shift

8.567

0.006

Physical effect

Cavity phase

0.15

Majorana transitions

0.0001

Rabi pulling

0.0002

Ramsey pulling

0.001

Microwave leakage

0.10

Electronics

0.20

Light shift

0.001

Background gas collisions

0.05

Microwave power dependence

0.40

Total type B uncertainty

0.60

Table 2: Frequency biases and type B uncertainties of PTB-CSF2 in February/March 2010.

References
[1] A. Bauch, Metrologia 42, S43 S54 (2005)
[2] T. Heindorff, A. Bauch, P. Hetzel, G. Petit, S. Weyers, Metrologia 38, 497-502 (2001)
[3] S. Weyers, U. Hbner, R. Schrder, Chr. Tamm, A. Bauch, Metrologia 38, 343352 (2001)
[4] S. Weyers, A. Bauch, R. Schrder, Chr. Tamm, in: Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on
Frequency Standards and Metrology 2001, University of St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, pp. 6471, ISBN
981-02-4911-X (World Scientific)
[5] V. Gerginov, N. Nemitz, S. Weyers, R. Schrder, D. Griebsch and R. Wynands, Metrologia 47, 65
79 (2010)
[6] A. Sen Gupta, R. Schrder, S. Weyers and R. Wynands, 21st European Frequency and Time
Forum (EFTF), Geneva, 234237 (May/June 2007)
[7] R. Li and K. Gibble, Metrologia 47, 534-551 (2010)

45

Operation of the SYRTE primary clocks in 2010

SYRTE-JPO Thermal Beam
SYRTE-JPO is a primary frequency standard operating with a thermal beam of cesium atoms optically
pumped and detected. Its last complete accuracy evaluation was performed in 2005 and gave the
same value as in [1]: uB = 6.3x10-15. The parameters of the clock (Zeeman frequency, microwave
power, cavity detuning, optical power, ) are periodically measured to assess this accuracy. The
mean stability is y()=8 x 10-13 -1/2. The stability deterioration compared to [1] is due to a lower oven
temperature in order to increase the lifetime of the cesium loads.
The operation of JPO remained nearly continuous until September 7, when the cesium ovens get
empty. Because of the performances and the reliability of the fountain clocks it has been decided not
to restart JPO.
In 2010, 9 calibrations were transmitted to BIPM. During this period, the average difference between
the relative frequency of JPO and the SI second calculated by the BIPM was -0.5 x 10-15, with a
standard deviation of 2.7 x 10-15. Over the past 6 years, this average difference is 2.0 x 10-15, with a
standard deviation of 4.5 x 10-15 (66 calibrations).
SYRTE Fountain clocks
In 2010 the 3 SYRTE fountains FO1, FO2 and FOM have transmitted respectively 6, 9 and 5
calibrations to BIPM.
The nominal operation of the FO1 and FO2 fountains was similar as in 2009. The microwave
synthesizers are referenced to the signal provided by a cryogenic sapphire oscillator (CSO) phase
locked to a hydrogen Maser, to take the benefit of the ultra-low phase noise of the CSO. The relative
frequency instabilities are routinely y() = 5 x 10-14 -1/2 for the 2 fountains, at the quantum projection
noise limit. FOM is also at this theoretical limit when it uses a CSO as a reference. Its short term
stability is then y() = 8 x 10-14 -1/2.
FO2 is located close to the CSO, whereas FO1 and FOM are in different buildings, distant from ~100
m. The reference signal from the CSO was distributed by one way RF cables, which could induce long
term drifts in the reference transfer or electrical ground problems. To improve this, we have set-up a
compensated optical fiber link for FOM since it came at SYRTE in November 2010. A similar link will
be installed for FO1.
A repairing had to be performed on our usual reference maser. Therefore the fountains were
connected to another maser between November 2010 and January 2011. This backup maser
presented frequency jumps at the level of 10-14. This is the reason why we decided not to transmit to
BIPM the fountains data of November 2010, and we increased the statistical uncertainty on the maser
calibration for December 2010.
Table 1 gives the typical uncertainty budgets for the three SYRTE fountain clocks in 2010. The value
and the uncertainty of the frequency shifts, which depend on the operation parameters, are updated
for each TAI contribution. The accuracies estimated for the 3 fountains are almost the same as last
year.
Fountain
Physical origin
nd
2 order Zeeman
Blackbody Radiation
Cold Collisions + cavity pulling
First Doppler + Synchronous
phase fluctuations
Microwave Leaks, spectral purity
Ramsey & Rabi pulling
Microwave recoil
Second order Doppler
Background gas collisions
Red shift
Total ( 1 ) uncertainty

uB

FO1

FO2-Cs
Correction
Uncertainty
-1916.6
0.3
+167.6
0.6
+152.0
1.4

Correction
-1273.4
+167.6
+131.2

Uncertainty
0.4
0.6
1.2

<3.2

<3

0
0
0
0
0
-69.3

<1
<1
<1.4
<0.1
<0.3
1

0
0
0
0
0
-65.4

0.5
<0.1
<1.4
<0.1
<1
1

4.2

4.0

FOM
Correction
Uncertainty
-305.4
1.2
+165.6
0.6
+28.6
5.0
0

0
0
0
0
-116.4

<0.1
<1.4
<0.1
<1
1

8.2

Table 1 : Typical accuracy budgets for the 3 SYRTE atomic fountains. (Values given in units of 10-16)

46

FOM was operated at CNES, the French space agency, in Toulouse, until the end of May 2010. The
transportable fountain was serving as a frequency reference for the ground tests of the
PHARAO/ACES space clocks. It was connected to the CNES time and frequency facilities that include
a cryogenic sapphire oscillator, a hydrogen maser, and a GPS phase transfer link. The clock was then
moved for 2-3 weeks to the Max Planck Institut fr Quantenoptik (MPQ), near Munich, to serve as
frequency reference in a new absolute measurement of the 1S-2S transition of hydrogen, in the 10-15
range. FOM also participated to the characterisation of the time transfer by laser link T2L2. For that
purpose, it was installed for 3-4 months in Observatoire de la Cote dAzur (OCA), near Grasse, and
compared to the FO1 and FO2 fountains in Observatoire de Paris via T2L2, TWSTFT and GPS phase
time transfer links. During its journey, FOM continued to provide calibrations to the BIPM, using GPS
links (1 when it was at MPQ and 3 at OCA). The main uncertainty stemmed from the stability of the
time transfer link, limited to 1-2 x 10-15 for averaging periods of 1 month. FOM is back in Observatoire
de Paris since November 2010. The first comparisons to FO2 show a difference of 1.8 x 10-16.
In 2010 FO2 was operated continuously and reliably as a double Rb/Cs clock [2], providing 308 days
of direct Rb-Cs comparison. The FO2-Rb/Cs frequency difference is reproducible within +/- 2.8 10-16,
which is much better than the 6 x 10-16 combined uncertainty of the comparison. The effect of Rb atom
number dependent shift is extrapolated in real time while alternating measurements at low and high
atom density.
In 2010, we pursued with FO2Cs our thorough investigation of the first Doppler effect associated with
the phase distribution inside the interrogation cavity, which is currently the main limitation to fountain
PFS accuracy (see table 1 for SYRTE PFS). In the interpretation by the theoretical model of K. Gibble
[3] of the measurements performed in 2009 there remained a slight disagreement. We have elucidated
the origin of this disagreement and solved it by implementing a new method to balance the microwave
cavity feeds. The validation of the model by our further measurements allows the first Doppler
uncertainty to be reduced to 8.41017. This work is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett.

References
[1]

A. Makdissi and E. de Clercq,

Evaluation of the accuracy of the optically pumped caesium beam primary frequency
standard of BNM-LPTF, Metrologia Vol. 38 number 409, 2001.

[2]

J. Guna, P. Rosenbusch, Ph. Laurent, M. Abgrall, G. D. Rovera, G. Santarelli, M. E. Tobar,

S. Bize and A. Clairon: "Demonstration of a Dual Alkali Rb/Cs Fountain Clock", IEEE Trans.
on UFFC 57, 647 (2010).

[3]

R. Li and K. Gibble, Phase variations in microwave cavities for atomic clocks, Metrologia,
2004, 41, 376-386 and Evaluating and minimizing distributed cavity phase errors in atomic
clocks, Metrologia, 47, 534 (2010).

47

Table 7. Mean fractional deviation of the TAI scale interval from that of TT
(File available at ftp://62.161.69.5/pub/tai/scale/sitai10.ar)
The fractional deviation d of the scale interval of TAI from that of TT (in practice the SI second on
the geoid), and its relative uncertainty, are computed by the BIPM for all the intervals of
computation of TAI, according to the method described in 'Azoubib J., Granveaud M., Guinot B.,
Metrologia 1977, 13, pp. 87-93', using all available measurements from the most accurate primary
frequency standards (PFS) IT-CSF1, KRISS-1, NICT-CSF1, NIST-F1, NMIJ-F1, NPL-CSF1, NPLCSF2, PTB-CS1, PTB-CS2, PTB-CSF1, PTB-CSF2, SYRTE-FO1, SYRTE-FO2, SYRTE-FOM and
SYRTE-JPO, consistently corrected for the black-body radiation shift.
In this computation, the uncertainty of the link to TAI has been computed using the standard
uncertainty of [UTC-UTC(k)], following the recommendation of the CCTF working group on PFS.
The model for the instability of EAL has been expressed as the quadratic sum of three
components: a white frequency noise 1.7x10-15/(), a flicker frequency noise 0.35x10-15 and a
random walk frequency noise 1.0x10-16x(), with in days. The relation between EAL and TAI
is given in Table 5.
Month

Interval

d/10 -15 uncertainty/10 -15

Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Jun.
Jul.
Aug.
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.

2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008

54464-54494
54494-54524
54524-54554
54554-54584
54584-54614
54614-54644
54644-54674
54674-54709
54709-54739
54739-54769
54769-54799
54799-54829

+3.1
+3.2
+3.6
+4.0
+4.3
+3.4
+3.7
+4.1
+3.3
+3.7
+4.9
+4.9

0.4
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4

Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Jun.
Jul.
Aug.
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.

2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009

54829-54859
54859-54889
54889-54919
54919-54949
54949-54979
54979-55009
55009-55039
55039-55074
55074-55104
55104-55134
55134-55164
55164-55194

+5.5
+5.2
+4.7
+5.2
+4.9
+5.3
+6.1
+5.2
+5.0
+3.8
+3.6
+4.3

0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4

Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Jun.
Jul.
Aug.
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.

2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010

55194-55224
55224-55254
55254-55284
55284-55314
55314-55344
55344-55374
55374-55404
55404-55439
55439-55469
55469-55499
55499-55529
55529-55559

+4.7
+4.5
+4.8
+5.3
+5.6
+6.6
+5.7
+5.6
+6.7
+6.5
+6.7
+5.6

0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.4

48
Independent local atomic time scales
Local atomic time scales are established by the time laboratories which contribute with the appropriate
clock data to the BIPM. The differences between TAI and the atomic scale maintained by each
laboratory are available on the Publications page of the Time Departments FTP Server. For each time
laboratory 'lab' a separate file TAI-lab is provided; it contains the respective values of the differences
[TAI - TA(lab)] in nanoseconds, for the standard dates, starting on 1 January 1998.
The file NOTES.TAI provides information concerning the time laboratories contributing to the
calculation of TAI since 1 January 1998. This file should be considered as complementary to the
individual files TAI-lab.
For dates between April 1996 and December 1997, the values of [TAI - TA(lab)] are given in yearly
files, each one also gives values of [UTC - UTC(lab)].
Local representations of UTC
The time laboratories which submit data to the BIPM keep local representations of UTC. The
computed differences between UTC and each local representation are available on the Publications
page of the Time Departments FTP Server. For each time laboratory 'lab' a separate file UTC-lab is
provided; it contains the values of the differences [UTC - UTC(lab)] in nanoseconds, for the standard
dates, starting on 1 January 1998.
The file NOTES.UTC provides information concerning the time laboratories since 1 January 1998. This
file should be considered as complementary to the individual files UTC-lab.
For dates between April 1996 and December 1997, the values of [UTC - UTC(lab)] are given in yearly
files, each one also gives values of [TAI - TA(lab)].

49

International GPS Tracking Schedules

(Files available at ftp://62.161.69.5/pub/tai/publication/schgps/)

GPS Schedule no 54
File SCHGPS.54

implemented on MJD = 55316

(2010 April 30) at 0 h UTC

Reference date MJD = 50722

(1997 October 1)

GPS Schedule no 55
File SCHGPS.55

implemented on MJD = 55503

(2010 November 3) at 0 h UTC

Reference date MJD = 50722

(1997 October 1)

50

Relations of UTC and TAI with GPS time and GLONASS time
(File available at ftp://62.161.69.5/pub/tai/scale/UTCGPSGLO/utcgpsglo10.ar)

[TAI - GPS time] and [UTC - GPS time]

The GPS satellites disseminate a common time scale designated 'GPS time'. The relation between GPS
time and TAI is
[TAI - GPS time] = 19 s + C0,
where the time difference of 19 seconds is kept constant and C0 is a quantity of the order of tens of
nanoseconds, varying with time.
The relation between GPS time and UTC involves a variable number of seconds as a consequence of the
leap seconds of the UTC system and is as follows:
From 2009 January 1, 0 h UTC until further notice:
[UTC - GPS time] = -15 s + C0.
Here C0 is given at 0 h UTC every day.
C0 is computed as follows. The GPS data recorded at the Paris Observatory for highest-elevation satellites
are first corrected for precise satellite ephemerides and for ionospheric delays derived from IGS maps, and
then smoothed to obtain daily values of [UTC(OP) - GPS time] at 0 h UTC. Daily values of C0 are then
derived by linear interpolation of [UTC - UTC(OP)].
The standard deviation 0 characterizes the dispersion of individual measurements for a month. The actual
uncertainty of users access to GPS time may differ from these values. N0 is the number of measurements.

51

Relations of UTC and TAI with GPS time and GLONASS time (Cont.)
(File available at ftp://62.161.69.5/pub/tai/scale/UTCGPSGLO/utcgpsglo10.ar
[UTC - GLONASS time] and [TAI - GLONASS time]
The GLONASS satellites disseminate a common time scale designated 'GLONASS time'. The relation
between GLONASS time and UTC is
[UTC - GLONASS time] = 0 s + C1,
where the time difference 0 s is kept constant by the application of leap seconds so that GLONASS time
follows the UTC system, and C1 is a quantity of the order of several tens of nanoseconds (tens of
microseconds until 1997 July 1), which varies with time.
The relation between GLONASS time and TAI involves a variable number of seconds and is as follows:
From 2009 January 1, 0 h UTC, until further notice:
[TAI - GLONASS time] = 34 s + C1
Here C1 is given at 0 h UTC every day.
C1 is computed as follows. The GLONASS data recorded at the Astrogeodynamical Observatory,
Borowiec, Poland for the highest-elevation satellites are smoothed to obtain daily values of
[UTC(AOS) - GLONASS time] at 0 h UTC. Daily values of C1 are then derived by linear interpolation of
[UTC - UTC(AOS)].
To ensure the continuity of C1 estimates, the following corrections are applied:
+1285 ns from 1997 January 1 (MJD 50449) to 1999 March 22 (MJD 51259)
+107 ns for 1999 March 23 and March 24 (MJD 51260 and MJD 51261)
0 ns since 1999, March 25 (MJD 51262).
The standard deviation 1 characterizes the dispersion of individual measurements for a month. The actual
uncertainty of users access to GLONASS time may differ from these values. N1 is the number of
measurements.

52

Table 8. Rates relative to TAI of contributing clocks in 2010

(File is available at ftp://62.161.69.5/pub/tai/scale/RTAI/rtai10.ar)
Mean clock rates relative to TAI are computed for one-month intervals ending at the MJD dates given in the table.
When an intentional frequency adjustment has been applied to a clock, the data prior to this adjustment are corrected,
so that Table 8 gives homogeneous rates for the whole year 2010. For studies including the clock rates of previous
years, corrections must be brought to the data published in the Annual Report for the previous years. These corrections
are available from the Time Department on request. Unit is ns/day, "
-" denotes that the clock was not used, "*"
denotes that the related rate was influenced by a frequency jump.
The clocks are designated by their type (2 digits) and serial number in the type. The codes for the types are:
12
13
14
16
17
15
18
19
4x
9x

Lab.

HEWLETT-PACKARD 5061A
EBAUCHES, OSCILLATOM B5000
HEWLETT-PACKARD 5061A OPT. 4
OSCILLOQUARTZ 3200
OSCILLOQUARTZ 3000
DATUM/SYMMETRICOM Cs III
DATUM/SYMMETRICOM Cs 4000
RHODES AND SCHWARZ XSC
HYDROGEN MASERS
PRIMARY CLOCKS AND PROTOTYPES

Clock

21
23
25
30
31
34
35
36
50
51

OSCILLOQUARTZ 3210
52 DATUM/SYMMETRICOM 4065 C
OSCILLOQUARTZ EUDICS 3020
53 DATUM/SYMMETRICOM 4310 B
HEWLETT_PACKARD 5062C
HEWLETT-PACKARD 5061B
HEWLETT-PACKARD 5061B OPT. 4
H-P 5061A/B with 5071A tube
H-P/AGILENT/SYMMETRICOM 5071A High perf.
H-P/AGILENT/SYMMETRICOM 5071A Low perf.
FREQ. AND TIME SYSTEMS INC. 4065A
DATUM/SYMMETRICOM 4065 B

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

APL
APL
APL
APL
APL

35
35
35
40
40

904
1264
1791
3107
3108

10.47*
21.74
-2.51
23.08
277.54

11.31*
21.57
-3.04
23.49
281.78

10.56*
21.41
-3.04
21.44
286.31

10.38*
21.84
-2.64
23.30
290.14

10.94*
21.75
-2.35
23.25
294.22

8.14
20.52
-2.76
23.37
298.32

21.67
-2.63
23.56
302.59

21.09
-2.51
23.75
306.94

21.11
-3.27
24.01
315.59

20.71
-2.04
24.13
319.49

19.43
-1.53
24.33
323.41

APL
AUS
AUS
AUS
AUS

40 3109
35 2269
36 299
36 340
36 654

30.17
-7.45*
12.52
1.17
-10.83

31.95
-7.15*
14.35
2.25
-12.84

34.15
-5.60*
14.23
0.06
-13.73

34.83
-5.95*
13.89
0.68
-12.13

35.76
-5.31*
14.09
-0.12
-13.02

36.73
-1.84
15.07
0.65
-12.85

37.66
0.42
10.47
0.83
-12.26

38.49
1.05
1.06
-12.49

1.95
11.15
0.19
-10.75

39.78
1.58
10.66
1.19
-11.84

39.86
1.99
0.85
-11.33

40.33
1.71
10.94
-0.53
-12.63

53

Table 8. (Cont.)
Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

6.04
77.85
15.67
2.93*
20.06*

7.11
2.62*
20.58*

9.38
3.17*
20.33*

7.64
1.01*
19.26*

6.16
1.53*
19.96*

10.00
2.06*
28.32*

6.76
2.38*
-

6.43
1.59*
-

AUS
AUS
AUS
BEV
BEV

36
40
40
35
35

1141
5401
5402
1065
1793

10.95
-4.08
1.80*
-

8.29
-4.01
-5.04
1.73*
-

9.17
-5.62
-10.64
0.34
-

7.35
-1.01
-16.65
1.65
-

BEV
BIM
BY
BY
BY

40
18
40
40
40

3452 -68.64* -57.98* -47.49* -37.27* -79.15* -69.30* -59.50* -48.96* -38.11*
8058
-0.04
2.13
1.99
1.16
0.56
1.73
1.36
0.94
1.86
4209 -21.29* -17.26* -15.33* -16.97* -6.16* -3.30* -3.37* -2.57* -3.29*
4222
- -26.97* -24.74* -26.95* -19.11*
- -43.20* -53.33*
4227
- -7.41* -7.03* -10.51* -2.51* -6.55* -7.63*
1.50* -4.54*

-28.14
2.69
0.19
-3.69*
2.12*

-18.60
2.54
4.55*
5.28*

-9.21
2.14
4.73
-4.98

BY
BY
CAO
CAO
CH

40 4260
40 4278
35 939
35 1270
35 771

-7.11*
-2.17*
-3.12
4.59
2.59

-1.38*
0.71*
-2.44
4.41
2.36

-0.02*
2.32*
-4.39
4.63
3.36

-2.43*
0.06*
-2.73
4.52
3.06

3.21*
4.95*
-3.15
5.15
3.68

1.88*
2.37*
-3.61
4.50
3.41

8.13*
7.83*
-3.73
4.11
4.68

9.87*
8.07*
-2.82
4.34
3.87

11.79*
7.88*
-2.19
3.37
3.86

11.31*
11.77*
-2.79
5.03
4.85

17.02*
12.51*
-3.51
5.35
4.70

13.33
10.84
-2.63
5.54
4.52

CH
CH
CH
CH
CNM

35 2117
36 354
36 413
40 5701
35 1815

1.29
42.84
-3.10
-4.16
-0.08

1.59
43.99
-1.94
-5.07
0.02

2.22
42.91
-0.72
-5.75
-0.04

2.41
43.92
-4.88
-6.08
1.06

1.94
44.20
1.04
-6.68
-1.13

1.49
45.24
2.42
-7.14
-0.74

2.04
42.67
3.01
-7.62
0.20

1.39
41.75
-4.10
-8.29
0.74

2.36
42.12
-3.84
-9.14
0.64

1.99
44.19
-1.76
-9.93
-0.78

1.36
45.37
-2.07
-10.98
-0.02

1.44
42.96
-0.33
-11.76
-1.02

CNM
CNM
CNM
CNMP
CNMP

36
40
53
36
36

1537
7301
6038
1752
1806

3.85
-8.08
7.24
4.00*

-1.80
-1.04
30.64
-2.28*

-3.35
1.29
2.61
-4.21*

-0.45
1.81
5.12
-3.69*

-2.96
-0.65
7.91
-4.29*

-3.82
-1.46
4.36
-2.48

-2.32
-0.32
7.09
1.49

-0.25
-0.21
3.06
0.56

-2.76
-0.37
6.68
0.02

-2.71
-1.94
-

-0.81
-1.66
7.23
-1.47

-2.28
-4.20
3.68
0.61

DLR
DMDM
DMDM
DTAG
DTAG

35 1714
35 2191
36 2033
36 345
36 465

0.24
4.92
-2.72
0.63*

-1.20
15.76
6.36
-1.60
1.73*

-0.48
14.20
6.32
-2.08
-0.40*

1.12
14.55
6.19
-2.06
0.27*

0.86
14.06
6.28
-3.72
-1.13*

-1.15
13.86
6.11
-4.86
0.18*

1.32
14.58
6.29
-2.98
0.29*

0.75
14.48
4.89
-4.61
1.40*

0.53
14.92
5.05
-3.56
-0.86*

-0.79
15.80
4.25
-4.18
0.78*

0.29
15.94
4.80
-2.23
1.60

-0.01
15.87
6.31
-1.51
1.78

54

Table 8. (Cont.)
Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

DTAG
EIM
EIM
EIM
F

36 2370
35 716
35 1431
35 2060
35 122

0.10
14.48
-8.66
-0.33
25.29

-0.70
22.74

-0.10
25.42

0.45
23.44

0.98
14.39
-10.59
23.79

0.16
13.81
-10.46
0.09
24.76

1.93
24.61

1.07
23.99

0.93
12.75
-6.58
23.82

1.08
12.94
-8.17
0.01
24.19

0.95
12.77
-8.70
-0.37
23.59

-0.31
13.17
-8.39
0.06
-

F
F
F
F
F

35
35
35
35
35

124
131
158
355
385

12.12
-5.84
13.56
2.85
19.86

12.03
13.75
3.48
18.94

11.63
13.61
3.38
19.62

11.67
13.46
4.63
20.06

11.25
13.66
4.22
20.54

11.00
13.78
4.88
19.73

11.39
14.08
5.31
18.25

11.94
14.08
5.25
19.87

11.04
14.03
5.35
20.66

11.11
14.21
5.84
19.14

10.97
13.70
5.75
19.41

11.29
13.70
4.31
19.52

F
F
F
F
F

35
35
35
35
35

396
469
489
520
536

-0.84
-5.65
12.07
15.20
3.93

-0.45
-6.01
12.45
16.64
4.50

-0.78
-4.67
13.37
18.95
5.07

-0.65
-2.41
13.28
17.11
5.07

-0.72
-2.88
12.90
17.61
4.93

-0.39
-3.54
13.02
20.66
5.39

0.12
-2.71
13.15
18.33
5.48

0.29
-3.98
13.06
20.10
4.78

-1.03
-2.27
13.29
18.82
5.52

-0.07
-2.50
13.35
18.91
5.83

-0.51
-1.99
13.11
19.47
5.76

-0.12
-2.23
13.57
19.00
6.15

F
F
F
F
F

35
35
35
35
35

609
770
774
781
819

-7.12
25.61
10.78
11.18

-7.71
26.81
10.28
7.57

-25.11
-7.25
26.54
11.20
7.59

-24.47
-6.75
26.55
10.86
6.81

-24.50
-7.24
26.71
10.41
7.15

-24.40
-7.44
27.36
9.83
7.10

-24.09
-6.85
27.44
10.03
7.72

-23.86
-7.24
27.32
9.59
6.19

-24.04
-7.65
27.20
7.10

-23.82
-6.30
27.13
12.32

-6.97
27.36
9.98
15.59

-6.85
27.65
8.02
13.41

F
F
F
F
F

35 859
35 909
35 1068
35 1177
35 1258

2.14
-17.93
-16.50
-7.79
4.81

2.50
-18.26
-16.36
-6.94
4.26

3.60
-17.28
-16.39
-6.36
5.53

2.91
-15.51
-16.18
-7.93
4.46

4.79
-15.00
-16.04
-6.40
4.17

4.97
-14.81
-16.44
-4.99
4.97

4.36
-14.30
-16.02
-5.47
4.04

2.49
-13.53
-15.86
-4.70
4.27

4.29
-4.11
-

4.87
-4.38
-

3.03
-12.95
-16.58
-3.66
3.65

3.18
-13.18
-16.40
-3.96
-

F
F
F
F
F

35
35
35
35
35

3.75
-5.18
9.27
-1.84
4.33

3.01
-5.00
9.43
-2.16
4.08

2.89
-4.59
10.66
-1.62
5.23

2.92
-4.22
10.66
-0.86
5.05

2.29
-3.50
11.30
-1.26
5.97

3.15
-3.29
11.22
-1.22
6.43

3.46
-4.34
11.50
-0.23
6.22

3.60
-4.26
11.18
-1.27
7.01

3.81
-3.87
11.01
-0.88
5.71

4.05
-5.07
11.54
-0.19
7.05

4.04
11.23
-0.65
5.97

3.20
11.84
0.35
6.06

1321
1556
1644
2027
2388

55

Table 8. (Cont.)
Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

F
F
F
F
F

40 805
40 816
40 889
40 890
53 6385

32.68
0.23
65.50
14.46
1.85

43.87
0.67
68.14
14.96
0.52

50.27
1.61
70.52
15.31
0.78

53.85
73.15
15.77
-0.04

54.60
75.65
16.15
-0.33

49.64
78.05
16.60
-0.99

38.75
-2.29
80.21
17.10
-0.37

32.25
-3.13
82.75
17.65
-

30.25
-3.33
85.09
18.07
-

32.51
-2.58
87.36
18.56
-

39.38
-2.20
-

49.69
0.01
-

HKO
HKO
IFAG
IFAG
IFAG

35
35
36
36
36

1893
2425
1167
1173
1629

0.32*
-0.61*
-3.96
3.73
12.91

0.65*
0.21*
-3.97
2.54
12.97

0.06*
0.24*
-1.22
3.89
13.51

-4.08*
-3.63*
-1.34
6.99
13.80

-0.14*
0.51*
-1.84
9.13
13.87

0.60*
1.07
-0.89
11.88
16.90

-0.13*
1.60
-0.50
11.03
17.88

0.29
1.47
1.18
11.89
17.58

0.60
1.83
-0.68
11.29
17.18

1.54
1.38
0.12
10.05
15.52

1.05
1.50
-0.21
10.77
14.92

0.51
2.02
-2.07
8.00
14.53

IFAG
IFAG
IFAG
IFAG
INTI

36
36
40
40
35

1732
1798
4418
4439
2377

13.25
-0.72
1.70
-11.30
-2.58

13.11
-0.85
2.65
-1.48
-

13.76
-1.58
3.05
-2.21
-

13.79
-1.12
3.27
-3.30
-2.43

13.73
-0.98
3.02
-4.64
-0.03

13.83
0.15
3.20
-5.46
1.02

13.70
-0.37
3.89
-6.21
2.35

13.98
-0.43
4.12
-7.63
-1.87

13.55
-1.21
4.33
-8.48
3.79

14.70
-0.59
5.03
3.98
-4.18

13.74
-1.14
5.52
2.92
-3.56

13.99
-1.68
5.99
1.96
0.34

IPQ
IPQ
IPQ
IT
IT

35 1797
35 2012
35 2169
35 219
35 505

0.80
3.68
-0.83
12.10
-6.28

1.54
4.76
0.18
12.04
-

1.86
4.89
-0.16
12.82
-

12.31
-

12.94
-

-0.63
5.70
-1.03
13.09
-29.98

0.10
6.43
-0.64
12.59
-30.51

-0.29
6.22
0.34
12.63
-30.07

-0.75
6.63
-0.94
11.59
-30.04

-0.37
5.93
-1.01
8.28
-29.38

-0.10
5.95
-0.48
6.75
-29.65

-1.04
6.56
-0.76
6.61
-29.15

IT
IT
IT
IT
IT

35
35
35
35
40

17.06
-4.94
9.55
-10.05
32.16

17.41
-4.53
9.54
37.07

17.74
-4.88
9.41
41.99

18.03
-4.33
9.92
-10.54
47.10

17.76
-4.03
9.75
-9.53
52.23

17.64
-4.03
10.01
-9.59
57.68

17.19
-4.15
9.42
-10.08
63.11

16.36
-4.15
9.49
-9.87
69.16

16.45
-4.18
9.67
-9.64
75.13

16.19
-4.34
9.13
-10.09
80.98

15.85
-3.77
9.16
-8.92
86.75

14.71
-3.76
8.84
-9.86
92.57

IT
IT
JV
JV
JV

40 1102 283.43* 290.02* 296.45* 302.88*

-5.70
-2.39
1.71
7.56
13.76
40 1103 -36.49
- -31.37 -30.06 -28.40 -26.62
21 216
50.84
50.10
55.04
56.78
54.57
52.54
55.71
55.65
57.91
21 387 -307.25 -623.46 -645.57 -618.32 -615.28 -614.02 -632.90 -643.03 -468.94
36 1277 -17.22 -18.47 -17.06 -18.27 -16.09 -16.69 -16.75 -16.24 -16.57

20.04
26.27
-24.39
55.41
- -591.70
- -18.19

32.44
57.22
-17.10

1115
1373
2118
2487
1101

56

Table 8. (Cont.)
Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

KIM
KRIS
KRIS
KRIS
KRIS

36 618
35 321
35 739
35 1693
35 1783

-1.27
16.18
-3.20
19.84

1.78
17.33
-3.00
4.23
21.36

0.63
-2.75
4.64
21.61

0.92
-2.98
4.11
20.10

-1.11
-2.61
4.78
21.32

-3.21
-3.04
5.16
20.94

0.26
-3.35
5.30
20.14

0.97
-2.96
5.40
20.82

0.35
-2.34
5.02
20.91

0.05
-2.73
5.38
20.64

-0.22
-2.68
6.20
21.30

-2.65
-3.03
6.15
21.68

KRIS
KRIS
KRIS
KRIS
KRIS

36
40
40
40
40

1135
5623
5624
5625
5626

34.48
115.94
-21.26
-16.71

35.14
115.22
-25.60
24.90
-16.38

36.47
114.12
-29.18
24.41
-16.11

37.53
112.38
-32.36
22.52
-15.95

109.58
-34.88
19.94
-15.71

105.02
-37.01
17.36
-15.50

98.03
-39.07
14.49
-15.18

81.19
-40.81
12.79
-14.85

-42.48
13.16
-14.61

-43.74
13.34
-14.17

-44.78
12.51
-13.83

-45.73
11.15
-18.38

KZ
KZ
LT
LV
MIKE

35
40
35
35
35

2202
-8.36
-6.64
-7.07
-5.41
-2.26
-2.79
-2.92
-2.60
-0.32
2707
4.63
-2.92
-0.86
-2.18
20.70
1362 -18.66* -16.78* -16.52* -16.98* -17.43* -16.51* -18.97* -15.76* -16.84*
2335
3.31
3.13
-0.94
-1.02
-0.57
-1.24
-1.58
-1.35
-0.95
1171
-0.38
0.26
-1.18
-1.58
-0.65
-1.14
-0.66
-0.90
-1.21

0.00
0.19
-1.76
-1.11

0.00
3.37
-1.22
-1.38
-1.83

-0.10
-1.69
-0.33

MIKE
MIKE
MIKE
MIKE
MKEH

36 986
40 4108
40 4113
40 4180
36 849

0.50
2.79*
-3.27
-31.44
-41.50

0.10
2.88*
-1.48
-27.87
-40.44

0.13
2.95*
0.37
-24.10
-40.55

0.68
3.03*
2.26
-20.56
-40.35

-0.54
3.10*
4.21
-16.83
-41.56

1.41
3.32*
6.43
-12.97
-41.36

1.72
3.50*
8.39
-9.37
-41.48

1.17
0.63
-5.39
-43.88

0.26
-1.43
-1.61
-42.89

-0.88
-1.13
-4.18
1.75
-41.32

2.83
-0.90
-3.08
4.42
-43.58

1.28
-0.59
-1.43
8.20
-41.51

MSL
MSL
MSL
NAO
NAO

12 933
36 274
36 1025
35 779
35 1206

13.77
7.69
-0.06
0.58
13.37

19.05
10.16
0.96
0.87
14.16

1.07
13.32

5.73
10.08
-1.42
0.66
12.54

3.37
11.37
0.12
1.73
13.34

7.15
8.97
-0.34
1.33
12.80

1.97
8.68
-0.18
1.79
13.00

2.31
9.01
1.63
0.72
12.60

3.16
8.72
7.02
1.80
12.86

5.26
10.66
15.52
0.96
13.75

23.35
10.13
9.90
0.35
13.13

1.73
13.48

NAO
NAO
NICT
NICT
NICT

35 1214
35 1689
35 112
35 332
35 342

-0.50
-7.04
8.98
47.13

-0.25
-6.90
8.31
47.19

-1.57
-6.46
9.35
47.83

-1.97
-6.00
9.25
47.20

-23.66
-6.40
8.11
47.39

20.98
-5.37
9.04
48.18

-1.24
-5.25
9.05
48.14

-1.99
-5.61
8.17
48.89

-1.59
-31.02
-5.73
7.73
49.31

-0.74
-31.49
-5.61
7.91
48.34

-1.37
-31.52
-4.92
8.37
48.57

-1.05
-31.61
-4.75
8.21
48.93

57

Table 8. (Cont.)
Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

NICT
NICT
NICT
NICT
NICT

35
35
35
35
35

343
715
732
907
908

8.03
9.85
-3.04
-10.61
0.54

8.22
10.01
-2.28
-10.46
-4.61

8.50
9.63
-2.49
-10.51
-6.29

7.79
9.93
-2.20
-10.60
-6.32

7.91
9.95
-2.60
-10.81
-3.45

8.46
9.64
-3.98
-10.09
-3.86

7.74
10.24
-2.69
-10.03
-4.61

7.98
9.87
-2.58
-9.03
-4.58

8.21
10.06
-2.43
-9.31
-4.98

8.69
9.98
-2.72
-9.45
-7.21

8.48
10.80
-2.27
-8.47
-6.03

9.40
10.51
-2.67
-8.59
-5.72

NICT
NICT
NICT
NICT
NICT

35 913
35 916
35 1225
35 1226
35 1611

-18.62
0.58
-2.10
2.19
15.48

-18.04
1.74
-1.66
2.53
16.35

-18.80
0.87
-2.24
3.57
19.11

-18.29
1.21
-2.41
5.24
11.17

-20.06
1.29
5.20
20.04

-21.09
0.96
6.28
22.71

-21.48
1.56
6.75
23.89

-19.97
0.59
6.82
25.23

-20.66
2.02
7.74
24.15

-20.42
0.74
7.20
24.07

-17.34
1.38
8.24
23.96

-17.70
0.51
-9.54
7.76
27.79

NICT
NICT
NICT
NICT
NICT

35
35
35
35
35

1778
1789
1790
1866
1882

-32.66
-1.83
-3.63

-32.88
-1.20
-3.65

-33.32
-8.34
-1.66
-3.42

-33.45
-8.39
-0.94
-0.39
-2.75

-33.69
-8.10
-0.61
-0.68
-3.03

-33.11
-8.14
-0.08
-0.80
-2.49

-32.65
-8.20
0.16
-0.40
-2.48

-32.55
-8.37
0.50
-0.15
-2.39

-31.85
-7.94
0.57
0.25
-2.03

-31.35
-8.07
1.14
0.11
-2.28

-31.36
-8.03
1.12
0.47
-1.71

-30.65
-7.64
2.31
1.02
-2.54

NICT
NICT
NICT
NICT
NICT

35
35
35
35
35

1887
1944
2010
2011
2056

0.66
2.61
4.59
3.17
13.06

0.51
3.46
5.13
3.10
12.55

-0.15
3.82
5.51
2.63
13.71

0.32
4.29
5.92
2.84
12.81

0.22
4.78
5.73
1.92
13.47

0.81
3.84
5.18
3.08
12.87

0.72
3.87
5.17
2.08
12.81

1.02
4.01
5.44
2.79
12.94

0.95
3.57
5.27
-19.25
13.25

0.77
3.70
5.11
-34.43
12.59

1.86
3.64
5.01
-43.16
12.76

1.23
4.13
5.22
-44.33
11.86

NICT
NICT
NICT
NICT
NICT

35
35
35
35
35

2113
2116
2570
2574
2620

-25.34
15.70
-

-26.65
15.03
-

-26.91
15.61
-

-27.03
15.75
-

-27.29
15.13
-1.81
-6.43
-

-26.91
13.90
-2.21
-5.15
-

-27.62
14.43
-2.18
-4.80
-

-27.89
14.18
-1.42
-4.66
-

-28.82
13.43
-1.43
-4.20
-

-26.32
14.96
-1.48
-3.42
-

-27.00
14.14
-1.46
-3.79
-

-27.35
13.48
-0.96
-3.42
10.19

NICT
NICT
NICT
NICT
NICT

35
36
40
40
40

2627
1217
2001
2002
2003

3.31
12.92
21.54

3.28
13.72
21.53

3.89
14.38
21.48

4.41
15.02
21.38

2.21
15.57
19.93

1.99
110.36
20.63

2.43
31.14
17.06
21.54

2.12
66.97
18.30
22.46

2.92
99.76
19.01
22.82

2.21
19.79
23.16

3.87
20.38
23.47

-0.89
2.15
20.89
23.82

58

Table 8. (Cont.)
Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

NICT
NICT
NIM
NIM
NIM

40
40
35
35
40

2004
2005
1235
2239
4832

10.63
33.20
7.85
46.37

11.17
35.19
6.16
3.39
52.47

11.65
36.84
5.18
2.51
57.80

12.07
6.76
3.07
63.27

12.43
7.54
2.36
-

13.01
6.43
2.17
-

6.23
2.51
-

7.62
2.82
-

6.63
0.84
-

15.66
6.56
2.69
-

16.29
8.38
2.56
-

17.01
7.43
2.42
-

NIM
NIMB
NIMT
NIMT
NIS

40
35
35
35
35

4835
600
2246
2247
1126

89.63
-0.71
1.15
-2.98
0.74

94.00
-3.06
0.85
-3.93
0.24

97.21
-2.42
1.51
-3.31
0.14

101.57
-0.72
1.23
-4.30
-0.14

104.67
-0.47
-0.39

108.10
1.69
2.78
0.13

111.50
-4.04
2.28
7.18
-0.31

114.27
-2.34
2.32
7.32
-

116.18
1.55
6.64
-

120.87
1.27
1.67
6.41
-0.26

124.42
0.41
-0.27

127.54
-0.24
-0.17

NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST

35 132
35 182
35 282
35 408
35 1074

-17.80
3.61
-22.66
-16.18

-17.53
3.07
-3.10
-22.22
-16.79

-16.31
2.90
-3.75
-24.53
-18.54

-16.34
2.76
-3.84
-23.41
-19.71

-15.46
3.36
-4.92
-22.96
-19.23

-15.10
3.04
-5.25
-22.33
-19.65

-14.92
3.01
-5.85
-22.90
-19.68

-14.60
3.72
-5.83
-22.68
-20.24

-14.05
3.67
-5.11
-22.67
-19.39

-13.73
3.32
-4.60
-22.58
-19.59

2.85
-4.05
-22.20
-19.54

3.27
-3.45
-22.33
-19.25

NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST

35 2031
35 2032
35 2034
40 203
40 204

-8.11
2.99
-6.41
136.63
27.42

-8.69
2.06
-7.61
137.93
27.79

-7.79
2.88
-6.26
139.08
27.95

-8.20
2.86
-6.21
140.21
28.18

-8.47
2.47
-6.70
141.34
28.38

-8.72
1.40
-6.57
142.52
28.62

-8.53
1.32
-7.30
143.73
28.79

-7.51
1.19
-7.41
145.00
29.14

-7.94
1.92
-7.75
146.17
29.34

-8.08
0.29
-6.94
147.35
29.57

-7.67
-1.49
-7.40
148.40
29.66

-9.19
-4.01
-6.68
149.64
30.01

NIST
NIST
NIST
NMIJ
NMIJ

40 205
40 206
40 222
35 224
35 1273

-26.48
-64.65
27.23
-28.63
21.36

-26.34
-64.19
27.50
-28.25
21.33

-26.42
-63.90
27.63
-28.14
21.85

-26.41
-63.57
27.77
-28.51
21.55

-26.49
-63.46
27.92
-28.19
21.35

-26.54
-63.16
27.98
-28.05
21.21

-26.48
-62.90
28.20
-27.64
20.55

-26.46
-62.59
28.34
-26.65
21.34

-26.46
-62.68
28.45
-26.41
21.45

-26.41
-62.07
28.55
-25.80
20.63

-26.49
-61.57
28.57
-25.58
20.50

-26.39
-61.63
28.83
-27.43
20.02

NMIJ
NMIJ
NMIJ
NMIJ
NMIJ

35
40
40
40
40

-4.37
-17.34
-0.64
8.22
36.71

-4.33
-17.31
-0.91
12.29
39.20

-4.28
-17.03
-1.16
6.76
41.41

-3.51
-16.90
-1.22
6.87
43.58

-3.32
-16.81
-1.50
7.34
46.08

-3.56
-16.74
-1.55
7.90
48.27

-5.39
-16.60
-1.59
8.19
50.43

-6.56
-16.51
-1.53
8.29
52.69

-6.57
-16.51
-1.78
8.48
54.85

-6.51
-16.21
-1.69
57.11

-6.25
-16.00
-1.44
59.15

-5.89
-1.39
61.27

2057
5002
5003
5014
5015

59

Table 8. (Cont.)
Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

NMLS
NPL
NPL
NPL
NPL

35 328
35 1275
36 784
40 1701
40 1708

4.38
6.89
8.86
-0.16*

-1.89
4.99
5.17
9.26
0.10*

-4.00
4.35
4.19
9.49
-1.17*

-5.77
5.41
4.83
9.64
-0.94*

-5.99
4.80
4.53
9.82
-0.82*

-6.69
5.82
10.15
-0.40*

-6.73
4.99
2.10
10.66
-0.91*

-6.10
5.05
2.08
10.78
-0.73*

-5.67
4.93
0.92
10.92
-0.11*

-6.33
-

-7.02
-

-7.59
3.86
4.46
11.21
0.21

NPLI
NRC
NRC
NRC
NRC

35
35
35
35
35

2257
2148
2150
2151
2152

0.76
5.95
-3.11
0.27
-6.94

-0.60
6.33
-2.17
1.53
-6.88

-0.73
6.78
-1.45
1.26
-7.01

0.23
6.64
-2.28
0.65
-7.83

-0.56
6.67
-2.10
1.67
-7.64

0.14
6.78
-1.31
2.00
-6.71

1.43
6.91
-1.98
1.78
-7.29

-0.79
6.92
-2.28
2.33
-6.60

-0.33
6.90
-1.23
2.53
-6.31

0.13
7.68
-1.42
-7.01

1.72
7.26
-1.64
2.78
-7.09

-2.87
7.71
-1.59
1.05
-6.37

NRL
NRL
NRL
NRL
NRL

35 714
35 719
35 1245
36 387
40 1001

0.70
71.41

0.28
73.99

1.18
-1.13
-1.19
-1.42
76.33

1.94
-1.29
-1.32
-1.67
78.62

0.91
-0.82
-0.85
-1.87
80.68

1.56
-0.60
-0.63
-2.77
82.91

0.97
-2.39
-2.42
-2.32
85.14

0.54
-7.45
-16.05
-3.10
89.68

0.58
-7.72
-7.76
-3.54
92.11

0.53
-6.13
-6.16
-2.51
95.22

0.54
-7.56
-7.59
-1.10
111.09

NRL
NRL
NTSC
NTSC
NTSC

40
40
35
35
35

1003
1009
1007
1008
1011

9.29
-46.06
8.97
4.77
-1.59

9.64
-47.21
11.22
4.48
-1.83

10.01
-47.55
9.74
4.51
-2.04

9.99
-49.67
10.01
2.88
-2.46

10.43
-51.99
5.94
4.26
-2.73

10.81
-54.50
3.50
4.52
-2.26

11.09
-56.57
3.86
4.52
-2.81

5.05
3.72
-3.22

11.68
-60.49
7.56
3.59
-3.32

12.13
-62.21
8.97
4.60
-4.17

12.42
-63.15
11.57
3.42
-

12.76
14.68
3.69
-

NTSC
NTSC
NTSC
NTSC
NTSC

35
35
35
35
35

1016
1017
1018
1818
1820

15.26
7.82
-22.97
-

14.58
8.78
-23.08
-

13.58
9.12
-23.77
-

13.56
8.77
-24.77
-

13.34
7.03
-23.95
-

12.70
7.88
-24.67
-

12.78
5.77
-16.18
-25.12
13.53

13.36
7.47
-15.47
-24.99
13.05

13.47
8.59
-15.71
-24.52
13.38

14.40
9.34
-15.05
-24.04
12.98

15.64
8.62
-14.96
-24.00
12.00

14.62
7.89
-13.90
-24.15
11.67

NTSC
NTSC
NTSC
NTSC
NTSC

35
35
35
35
35

1823
2096
2098
2131
2141

10.66
-5.52
7.91
-8.13
40.01

10.44
-5.04
8.36
-9.17
31.61

10.09
-4.51
8.37
-9.12
36.25

10.48
-5.38
7.80
-9.03
35.56

-4.51
8.26
-10.36
36.00

-4.77
8.74
-10.01
30.48

9.23
-4.33
7.76
-10.87
35.08

8.49
-5.58
7.50
-12.25
38.58

8.77
-5.26
7.33
-11.71
39.91

9.01
-5.44
7.22
-12.04
39.96

9.13
-4.99
7.97
-12.00
38.29

9.45
-4.75
7.78
-11.93
38.83

60

Table 8. (Cont.)
Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

NTSC
NTSC
NTSC
NTSC
NTSC

35
35
35
35
35

2142
2143
2144
2145
2146

-10.79
5.45
-3.88
4.09

-10.58
6.38
-3.97
3.07

-11.22
5.55
-4.88
3.78

-10.62
5.81
-3.68
3.73

-10.95
7.19
-3.10
3.03

-11.32
5.89
-4.80
3.41

-10.53
7.40
-4.83
-4.87
2.84

-11.35
6.66
-4.18
-5.32
3.48

-11.43
6.12
-5.73
-5.57
3.58

-10.67
6.74
-4.46
-5.73
3.58

-11.58
5.75
-3.69
-5.12
2.63

-11.20
6.29
-3.40
-4.94
2.41

NTSC
NTSC
NTSC
NTSC
NTSC

35
35
35
40
40

2147
2573
2576
4926
4927

10.61
334.30
345.38

10.78
340.10
350.35

10.44
346.64
356.51

10.08
352.90
363.15

9.97
359.04
369.82

9.80
366.12
377.29

10.56
372.23
384.38

9.81
1.61
-2.31
377.57
391.20

11.00
1.83
-2.56
383.53
398.18

10.01
2.40
-2.31
389.38
404.61

9.69
1.86
-2.23
394.76
410.75

10.21
1.88
-2.00
399.89
416.24

ONBA
ONRJ
ONRJ
ONRJ
ONRJ

36 2228
35 102
35 103
35 111
35 123

-3.97
-4.64
3.61
28.95

-3.55
-4.42
0.82
31.01

-4.19
-4.76
1.93
30.44

-3.95
2.59
30.21

-4.71
2.00
3.65
29.79

-4.55
-4.29
1.75
-0.08
31.39

-3.84
-4.30
2.63
-1.99
29.93

-3.37
-3.90
1.49
-1.44
31.15

-3.46
-4.06
2.57
-2.66
31.28

-4.51
-3.21
1.73
-2.74
31.63

-3.42
-2.46
2.74
-3.54
31.57

-3.85
-2.76
0.85
-2.21
30.98

ONRJ
ONRJ
ONRJ
ONRJ
ONRJ

35 129
35 147
35 1153
35 1942
40 1950

2.08
-1.73
-

1.88
4.40
-1.47
-

2.38
2.86
-0.71
-

1.01
3.28
-0.31
-

2.62
2.79
0.99
-

2.25
2.84
0.34
-

3.17
2.76
1.19
-

2.39
2.94
3.11
12.50

3.16
2.33
3.75
29.09

2.59
2.99
3.58
50.99

2.59
2.20
5.18
76.21

2.44
2.94
210.30
5.02
104.04

ORB
ORB
ORB
ORB
ORB

36 201
36 202
36 593
40 2601
40 2602

0.31
6.82
83.73
-0.43
8.20

1.21
7.56
82.37
0.62
9.16

0.86
9.83
83.15
1.16
10.18

-0.11
9.55
83.57
0.17

1.80
6.27
85.14
-0.59

2.20
5.09
84.01
-0.68

1.92
10.53
83.13
0.00

0.11
7.59
84.87
0.24

-0.79
7.52
84.27
-0.44

-0.36
4.66
85.62
-0.36

PL
PL
PL
PL
PL

25
25
35
35
35

3.89
2.31
13.09
0.81

-0.37
9.05
3.32
16.22
0.56

-2.37
5.18
3.14
4.59
0.25

-0.86
-0.07
2.25
1.50
1.12

-3.54
-3.70
3.54
0.39

-6.08
-7.50
3.58
-0.53

-4.08
-10.35
4.36
-0.23

-11.43
-20.87
2.54
0.32

-6.71
-11.44
4.87
1.41

-1.23
6.14
0.74

4.52
11.94
4.84
0.41

2.96
11.90
5.34
1.23

124
125
441
502
745

61

Table 8. (Cont.)
Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

PL
PL
PL
PL
PL

35
35
35
35
35

1120
1660
1709
1746
1934

-0.99
12.09
-1.82
-1.75
1.01

-0.84
12.89
-2.71
-1.27
1.35

-1.70
12.00
-2.53
-1.06
0.75

-1.78
12.02
-3.25
-1.00
1.31

-2.14
37.55
-2.71
-0.81
0.92

-1.53
-3.10
-0.04
1.55

-2.31
-2.66
-0.01
1.52

-1.86
0.63
1.06

-3.03
0.14
2.13

-2.12
0.52
2.32

-1.75
1.42
3.13

-2.34
1.29
3.12

PL
PL
PL
PL
PL

35
40
40
40
40

2394
4002
4004
4601
4602

2.39
-34.95
-32.23
10.32
119.08

1.96
-35.39
-27.26
11.16
134.40

3.28
-38.00
-31.96
11.80
146.94

3.25
-44.08
-31.26
12.55
156.93

1.16
-45.19
-30.90
13.15
164.78

0.85
-42.79
-31.88
13.78
171.13

0.40
-39.34
-37.06
14.71
180.14

-1.69
-41.14
-6.66
15.48
188.31

-1.26
-42.42
11.72
16.20
198.30

-0.54
-42.01
17.10
209.25

2.13
-41.95
17.90
216.69

4.70
-41.97
18.66
227.38

PTB
PTB
PTB
PTB
PTB

35 128
-1.22
-0.54
-0.68
-0.77
-0.51
35 415
-2.09
-1.42
-0.67
-1.24
-0.59
35 1072
12.01
11.62
10.43
10.41
11.78
40 506
0.88
3.32
5.71
8.54
11.14
40 508 -42.66* -34.97* -28.19* -21.28* -15.31*

-0.25
-0.82
11.54
13.49
-9.25*

0.01
-0.95
10.80
-5.65
-3.23

0.66
-0.43
11.06
-4.19
3.14

0.02
-0.30
11.61
-1.79
9.61

-0.13
1.17
11.43
0.56
16.98

0.42
0.58
11.19
2.66
20.76

1.10
0.96
11.61
6.67
27.78

PTB
PTB
PTB
PTB
ROA

40
40
92
92
35

510 -45.57 -46.54 -49.96 -50.09 -55.26 -56.58 -20.60

590 -16.50* -15.55* -14.72* -14.10* -13.29* -12.26* -11.37* -10.52*
1
1.77
1.99
1.89
1.96
1.69
0.74
1.84
1.40
2
0.84
0.89
1.37
1.44
1.02
1.25
1.59
1.02
583
3.71
3.67
4.53
4.56
4.24
3.78
4.26
4.58

-9.86*
1.48
4.59

-9.37
1.67
5.24

-8.73
1.23
5.67

-7.81
1.97
5.64

ROA
ROA
ROA
ROA
ROA

35
35
35
36
36

718
1699
2270
1488
1490

-5.37
6.29
9.31
9.58

-5.42
5.98
8.80
9.26

-5.63
6.91
8.21
9.30

-5.69
7.13
8.80
8.15

-5.92
7.41
-3.03
8.47
9.37

-5.70
7.24
-2.70
10.21
9.02

-5.27
7.27
-4.20
7.88
9.19

1.94
8.12
-4.27
7.64
7.45

2.87
7.97
-5.04
8.89
9.97

2.71
7.40
-5.18
8.81
6.63

2.83
7.12
-5.25
8.95
8.52

3.17
8.58
-5.72
8.47
9.11

ROA
SCL
SCL
SCL
SG

40
35
35
35
35

1436
1745
2178
2525
475

67.33
-0.69
6.47
-0.17
-4.75

68.97
-1.21
6.62
-0.11
-4.47

71.46
-5.26

73.63
-4.73

76.14
-1.74
6.82
0.17
-4.71

78.15
0.41
7.23
1.26
-

80.43
-2.00
6.76
0.17
-

83.21
5.96
1.24
-4.03

85.98
2.87
0.98
-3.85

88.97
1.86
1.14
-3.82

91.71
2.40
1.48
-3.73

94.90
2.30
2.03
-3.63

62

Table 8. (Cont.)
Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

SG
SG
SG
SG
SIQ

35 476
35 1889
36 522
40 7701
36 1268

15.13
1.60
19.67
0.12

16.41
0.56
23.65
3.17

7.68
15.52
1.40
27.73
-0.57

7.66
15.53
1.01
31.57
1.27

8.19
16.19
0.54
35.89
0.99

2.67

3.22

16.70
0.70
52.52
-3.46

7.82
16.87
1.12
59.59
-1.16

8.13
15.87
2.20
66.69
-2.62

7.57
15.96
3.10
74.23
-1.41

8.06
15.74
2.65
82.16
-1.94

SMD
SMD
SMD
SMD
SMD

35
35
35
35
35

810
1766
1896
2003
2543

1.40
12.01
18.07
11.89
-

0.96
13.12
18.37
11.30
-

0.09
12.17
11.30
-

-0.21
12.54
12.17
-

-0.77
12.52
11.73
-

1.34
12.37
11.52
-

0.98
11.85
11.64
-

2.04
12.19
10.57
-

-1.89
12.86
11.43
6.53

-2.64
13.06
12.02
7.32

-4.18
13.36
11.75
6.90

-5.57
13.40
11.51
7.27

SMU
SP
SP
SP
SP

36 1193
19 197
35 572
35 641
35 1188

19.41
3.07
24.15

0.06
-26.65
19.59
3.58
24.43

-0.50
-25.19
19.22
24.70

-1.07
-21.80
19.24
23.89

-0.87
-28.21
19.61
22.38

-1.19
-26.72
18.71
22.31

-1.73
-29.67
19.22
22.78

0.55
-29.58
19.36
22.70

1.63
-26.85
18.66
3.10
22.21

2.12
-24.10
18.69
2.69
22.03

0.67
-28.26
19.29
2.74
22.49

1.10
-29.25
18.79
2.54
22.26

SP
SP
SP
SP
SP

35
35
35
36
36

1531
1642
2166
223
1175

21.46
-3.92
4.17
9.55
2.66

20.43
-3.98
4.18
8.48
-0.01

20.27
-2.95
4.69
8.96
2.63

20.28
-3.13
3.77
9.10
2.18

-3.40
4.25
8.65
1.54

-3.29
3.63
10.54
1.51

-2.75
4.76
10.10
2.79

-1.89
4.23
9.50
3.08

-2.77
4.39
9.96
1.49

-2.29
4.24
8.62
1.33

-1.14
4.58
7.53
2.05

-1.44
4.61
9.67
3.62

SP
SP
SP
SP
SP

36
36
36
36
40

2068
2218
2295
2297
7201

2.52
24.53
9.10
-7.11
85.79

1.04
23.50
7.30
-6.78
88.57

2.12
23.41
8.94
-6.30
90.90

2.36
23.76
7.95
-6.69
93.15

2.37
24.62
7.09
-7.69
95.42

0.49
24.61
8.14
-6.44
97.58

4.00
22.69
7.49
-8.13
100.16

3.37
24.15
8.42
-6.55
102.78

1.45
23.03
7.02
-8.85
105.45

0.75
22.76
7.72
-6.75
107.61

1.76
23.46
8.46
-6.60
110.21

3.10
23.28
7.32
-7.86
112.88

SP
SP
SP
SP
SP

40
40
40
40
40

7203
7210
7211
7212
7218

-5.25
69.86
1.93
4.31
-7.24

-4.04
73.04
3.60
4.71
-7.88

-2.92
76.71
5.14
5.09
-10.09

-1.83
80.28
6.64
5.51
-12.02

-0.80
83.76
8.19
5.95
-14.95

0.22
87.66
9.83
6.45
-17.19

1.28
91.38
11.36
6.98
-19.14

2.55
94.99
12.93
7.53
-21.19

3.76
98.74
14.62
8.05
-23.31

4.77
102.06
16.22
8.52
-24.96

5.83
105.04
17.82
8.96
-27.23

6.95
108.04
19.62
9.56
-29.14

63

Table 8. (Cont.)
Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

SP
SU
SU
SU
SU

40
40
40
40
40

7221
3802
3809
3810
3811

-44.44
10.64*
8.38*
7.72*
22.84*

-44.44
9.70*
8.40*
7.54*
23.57*

-44.50
6.42*
8.33*
7.34*
24.51*

-44.58
2.51*
8.32*
7.18*
25.60*

-44.64
0.04*
8.33*
6.98*
26.65*

-44.59
-2.84*
8.53*
6.90*
27.83*

-44.56
-2.45*
8.76*
6.90*
29.01*

-44.46
-3.11*
8.86*
7.08*
30.34*

-44.43
-2.69
8.75
6.80
31.33*

-44.41
-1.04
9.04
6.84
32.76

-44.45
-0.67
9.17
33.89

-44.40
9.56
35.00

SU
SU
SU
SU
SU

40
40
40
40
40

3812
3814
3815
3816
3817

0.61
-9.71*
-5.93
2.29*
5.73

0.68
-9.45*
-5.35
3.07
5.42

0.67
-9.17*
-4.84
4.09
5.18

0.69
-8.76*
-4.30
5.59
4.98

0.70
-8.30*
-3.72
7.97
4.84

0.77
-7.74*
-3.11
11.57
4.94

0.91
-7.08
-2.48
17.26
5.19

1.12
-6.26
-1.69
26.77
5.64

1.24
-5.64
-1.22
32.40
6.01

1.50
-4.76
-0.52
26.67
6.69

1.45
-4.05
0.04
7.30

1.60
-3.18
0.71
11.40
8.16

SU
SU
SU
TCC
TCC

40
40
40
35
35

3822
3831
3837
768
1028

-6.24*
57.09*
51.70
3.42
-1.24

-9.33* -11.19* -14.51* -17.23* -16.46* -18.05* -19.41* -20.11* -21.50* -21.88*
57.58* 57.79* 58.26* 58.67* 52.60* 51.03* 55.20* 55.35* 53.75* 51.90*
51.34
51.32
51.20
7.91
5.63
4.03
3.01
5.58
4.29
5.13
5.67
-1.64
-1.75
-3.02
-2.77
-1.31
-2.79
-

-22.75
50.21
3.69
-

TCC
TCC
TCC
TCC
TL

35
40
40
40
35

1881
8620
8624
8650
300

1.50
11.50
-4.84
-18.14
-

TL
TL
TL
TL
TL

35 474
35 809
35 1012
35 1104
35 1132

0.41
-0.56
1.09
16.40
-7.84

1.74
17.21
-7.37

1.80
17.37
-6.91

1.20
16.91
-3.48

1.90
18.42
-3.61

2.19
17.63
-3.96

2.53
17.91
-4.05

3.56
18.63
-4.31

2.97
17.79
-4.96

3.13
17.43
-4.32

2.73
18.37
-3.80

2.77
18.08
-4.10

TL
TL
TL
TL
TL

35
35
35
35
35

-2.42
17.65
5.50
-9.01
9.80

-2.20
17.82
5.37
-8.33
10.92

-2.30
17.62
5.28
-8.32
9.10

-1.81
18.02
5.53
-8.21
10.01

-2.08
17.68
4.89
-8.49
9.14

-2.35
17.74
5.30
-8.44
10.17

-1.86
17.19
4.64
-8.25
9.64

-1.45
17.08
5.50
-9.17
9.90

-2.08
17.55
4.75
-9.11
9.39

-1.04
16.67
5.81
-9.05
9.12

-0.52
16.29
6.68
-8.97
9.79

-1.01
16.97
6.11
-9.56
9.55

1498
1500
2365
2366
2367

1.63
1.02
1.27
1.57
2.61
1.92
2.31
2.32
2.54
3.45
4.88
5.90
6.92
7.39
8.21
9.23
10.01
3.12
- -28.69 -26.61 -26.98 -27.17 -27.99 -28.42 -28.59 -28.74 -29.13
- -174.92 -177.39 -177.69 -179.30 -181.15 -183.12 -184.63 -186.43 -187.80
10.94
11.87
11.81
11.85
11.63

64

Table 8. (Cont.)
Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

TL
TL
TL
TL
TL

35
35
35
35
40

2368
2630
2634
2636
57

-0.19
-

0.10
-

-0.25
-

0.06
-

-0.81
-

-1.14
-

-1.07
-

-1.33
-

-0.76
19.01

-1.35
-17.77
0.02
13.16
10.34

-0.64
-17.79
2.50
12.48
14.11

-1.73
-17.16
1.37
12.31
15.57

TL
TL
TP
TP
TP

40 3052
40 3053
35 163
35 326
35 1227

63.34
7.91
3.94
-71.02
13.10

63.20
7.44
4.09
-71.70
13.44

62.70
7.79
5.97
-71.41
13.07

63.56
7.52
7.18
-71.44
13.30

63.87
7.88
9.34
-71.83
12.99

62.74
7.68
10.29
-72.54
13.20

62.32
6.31
11.44
-72.10
13.28

62.63
6.09
11.88
-72.58
13.50

63.62
6.41
12.56
-73.64
13.55

63.55
6.05
14.00
-73.59
13.77

63.29
6.27
14.47
14.11

63.15
6.07
15.32
13.75

TP
TP
UA
UA
UA

35
36
35
40
40

2476
154
2465
7854
7881

4.13
10.35
-

4.48
9.89
-10.84

4.41
11.96
-9.80
0.70
-6.58

5.22
8.87
-8.69
-2.32
-2.61

5.06
10.02
-7.13
1.58
-0.70

4.94
11.21
-6.45
2.46
-0.53

5.42
10.55
-

5.35
7.91
-

5.70
10.00
-

6.19
10.52
-

5.65
12.16
-5.26
-6.09
9.72

6.61
11.34
-

UA
UME
USNO
USNO
USNO

40 7882
35 251
35 101
35 104
35 106

0.18
20.76
17.53

4.02
1.30
8.15
20.11
16.66

3.59
1.37
7.61
20.27
17.90

4.36
2.31
7.56
19.97
17.96

5.21
2.20
7.32
20.16
17.41

5.87
1.93
8.24
19.89
18.38

1.71
7.94
19.89
18.30

2.02
8.56
20.63
18.01

1.59
8.53
23.10
17.93

1.50
8.43
23.13
18.50

8.17
1.21
9.08
21.73
17.56

0.74
8.56
22.64
18.29

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

35
35
35
35
35

108
114
120
142
145

3.51
-2.61
22.48
-8.27
20.22

4.25
-2.96
22.84
-7.73
20.98

3.93
-1.73
24.63
-8.23
15.43

3.92
-1.57
23.90
-8.17
15.84

3.52
-1.93
24.35
-8.31
14.20

3.69
-1.95
24.44
-7.82
14.68

3.99
-1.42
24.79
-7.81
14.35

4.01
-1.01
25.30
-7.57
14.93

4.02
-1.04
25.06
-8.23
14.30

3.74
-0.38
25.33
-8.40
14.76

3.69
-0.17
24.88
-9.64
14.56

4.13
-1.72
25.31
-8.99
20.22

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

35
35
35
35
35

146
148
150
152
153

0.56
8.37
-1.50
3.34
16.57

-0.38
8.10
-1.14
3.59
15.45

-0.56
9.16
-0.68
3.56
15.93

-0.39
8.90
-1.80
3.15
15.47

-0.49
10.27
-1.39
4.47
15.30

-0.43
9.20
-1.06
3.15
15.88

0.35
9.30
-1.63
2.61
15.54

-0.41
9.24
-1.44
2.84
15.31

-0.73
9.36
-1.72
2.88
16.08

-0.95
9.26
-1.81
2.21
15.63

-0.76
9.45
-1.66
4.01
15.52

-0.42
9.41
-1.69
2.38
15.33

65

Table 8. (Cont.)
Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

35
35
35
35
35

156
161
164
165
166

11.52
8.93
7.54
12.88
-1.29

11.07
8.81
7.88
12.73
-2.56

11.36
8.12
6.85
13.27
-1.19

11.15
7.03
6.87
12.93
-0.58

11.19
8.00
6.12
13.06
-0.04

10.96
6.63
6.70
12.43
-1.25

11.46
6.77
7.74
12.70
-0.73

10.67
7.58
8.27
12.28
-0.62

10.74
7.41
7.92
12.11
-0.15

10.46
6.72
7.67
11.45
-0.56

10.42
7.30
7.71
11.97
-1.25

9.94
7.39
12.36
-0.58

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

35
35
35
35
35

167
173
213
217
226

-0.66
-6.86
10.79
-14.96
8.96

-1.25
-7.17
9.84
-16.07
9.14

-1.27
-6.49
9.41
-13.48
8.27

-1.33
-7.17
10.09
9.29

-1.22
-6.49
9.91
8.93

-1.65
-6.06
10.82
8.94

-2.03
-6.62
9.38
9.82

-2.65
-6.33
9.92
9.52

-2.87
-6.47
10.55
9.38

-2.32
-6.17
10.99
10.21

-1.78
-6.56
10.38
10.11

-2.49
-6.05
11.15
9.64

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

35
35
35
35
35

227
231
233
242
244

17.19
-11.51
17.98
13.50
8.72

17.96
-11.39
18.38
13.83
9.04

19.24
-11.61
18.15
12.83
8.44

19.53
-11.71
18.25
12.66
8.79

20.30
-11.91
18.09
13.02
8.77

21.79
-11.70
18.11
13.67
9.31

20.20
-11.32
18.39
13.34
9.65

20.17
-11.41
17.81
13.55
9.17

21.38
-11.48
18.37
13.42
10.15

22.49
-12.78
17.79
14.75
10.06

22.57
-10.82
17.77
13.00
9.05

23.57
-11.97
17.74
13.31
8.45

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

35
35
35
35
35

253
254
260
268
270

-20.42
4.35
0.80
-2.15
-

-20.47
4.18
0.51
-1.84
13.86

-20.86
4.97
2.04
-2.64
13.61

-21.05
5.71
3.02
-2.50
13.28

-20.75
5.79
1.38
-2.69
13.96

-20.64
6.03
1.20
-2.65
13.94

-21.19
6.52
2.21
-2.70
13.48

-20.85
6.80
1.21
-2.38
14.33

-21.41
6.22
2.64
-1.56
13.93

-20.01
5.60
1.90
-2.97
13.68

-20.77
5.78
2.95
-2.56
12.53

-20.53
6.21
2.00
-2.70
14.28

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

35
35
35
35
35

392
394
416
417
703

33.23
71.15
-11.01
11.15
-1.71

33.34
71.62
-10.58
11.35
-1.61

34.19
68.59
-10.64
9.95
-1.82

33.69
64.82
-10.52
10.83
-1.59

32.92
69.72
-10.40
11.49
-

33.54
76.31
-10.37
10.03
-

33.86
73.76
-8.42
-

33.80
64.87
-9.45
-

33.30
-10.08
-

33.62
-10.28
-

33.75
-10.91
-9.63
-

-10.26
-9.72
-

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

35 717
35 762
35 763
35 765
35 1096

-10.85
-1.34
-16.02
-47.28
-

-11.00
-3.53
-16.33
-46.20
-

-11.76
-3.73
-15.86
-45.51
-

-11.24
-4.20
-15.77
-47.37
-

-11.34
-3.55
-15.48
-48.39
-

-11.51
-4.60
-16.01
-48.77
-

-11.66
-3.75
-15.85
-47.83
-

-11.51
-3.83
-15.69
-45.35
-

-10.48
-3.50
-15.48
-44.35
-

-11.61
-3.60
-14.82
-45.16
-

-11.63
-2.96
-15.28
-46.89
-

-10.60
-2.86
-15.49
-46.87
13.50

66

Table 8. (Cont.)
Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

35
35
35
35
35

1097
1125
1327
1328
1331

13.20
-12.77
-3.44
1.58
-39.33

12.36
-12.89
-3.35
1.74
-38.20

13.06
-12.90
-3.36
0.74
-39.15

13.00
-14.18
-4.02
0.37
-38.96

12.81
-14.46
-3.26
0.61
-41.01

12.83
-15.22
-3.40
-0.54
-40.59

13.77
-16.27
-4.03
-0.19
-35.54

13.14
-15.81
-4.84
0.38
-37.48

13.23
-15.90
-4.69
1.07
-38.70

12.97
-15.73
-4.18
0.86
-38.51

7.68
-14.18
-4.02
0.74
-39.38

8.24
-14.34
-3.91
0.55
-37.71

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

35
35
35
35
35

1438
1459
1462
1463
1543

-2.70
-3.71
13.53
3.84

-3.63
-2.95
-3.15
13.31
4.25

-4.07
-3.74
-3.53
14.20
3.63

-3.09
-3.94
-3.85
13.68
3.82

-2.57
-3.79
-3.54
13.39
4.45

-3.12
-3.87
-3.59
14.15
4.46

-3.97
-3.69
-3.55
14.08
4.37

-4.44
-4.40
-3.88
14.13
4.87

-5.07
-4.98
-3.65
14.67
4.76

-4.50
-4.36
-3.90
13.97
4.53

-5.53
-3.91
-4.01
14.46
4.81

-5.20
-3.89
-3.56
13.72
5.41

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

35
35
35
35
35

1575
1598
1655
1658
1692

-6.30
-

-5.08
-13.01
-

-5.31
-12.09
-5.26

-5.56
-12.70
-4.97

-5.51
-12.14
-4.31

-4.98
-11.92
-4.82

-5.30
-11.75
-3.72

-5.21
-11.67
-3.80

-4.42
-11.48
-3.21

-5.17
-11.08
-2.66

-4.77
1.71
-11.59
17.73
-2.65

-5.87
0.89
-10.94
17.58
-2.81

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

35 1696
35 1697
40 702
40 704
40 705

-9.90
-

19.53
-9.97
-

11.99
19.11
-9.76
20.34
-83.82

10.92
19.30
-9.61
20.02
-85.09

11.02
18.89
-9.64
19.63
-85.25

11.08
18.97
-9.83
19.55
-84.31

11.12
19.13
-9.94
19.46
-84.12

11.15
19.09
-10.09
19.51
-83.49

11.54
18.97
-9.93
19.49
-82.85

11.25
19.88
-10.18
19.53
-82.11

11.60
19.49
-10.10
19.51
-80.65

11.19
19.39
-10.03
19.31
-78.12

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

40
40
40
40
40

708
710
711
712
713

73.83
74.09
74.46
74.61
74.90
75.20
75.38
75.69
75.95
76.07
76.33
76.91
- -577.91 -576.98 -576.07 -575.08 -574.01 -573.15 -572.15 -571.34 -570.52 -569.64 -568.82
290.67 292.40 294.15 295.92 297.37 299.01 300.68 302.51 304.39 306.01 307.79 309.53
49.45
49.50
49.58
49.70
49.39
49.39
49.46
49.45
49.50
49.44
49.49
49.51
16.09
16.45
16.87
17.23
17.57
18.00
18.36
18.74
19.30
19.64
20.01
20.49

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

40
40
40
40
40

714
715
716
718
719

-14.59
86.84
210.93
149.50
45.95

-14.42
87.34
211.02
150.69
47.26

-14.04
87.87
211.16
151.47
48.62

-13.72
88.26
211.31
152.36
49.90

-13.54
88.63
211.34
153.05
51.12

-13.29
89.09
211.50
154.03
52.41

-12.25
89.70
211.49
154.93
53.58

-12.91
90.33
211.63
156.02
54.83

-12.66
90.92
211.77
157.18
56.00

-12.55
91.32
211.80
158.14
57.00

-12.28
91.89
211.87
159.25
58.22

-11.99
92.49
212.04
160.47
59.45

67

Table 8. (Cont.)
Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

40
40
40
40
40

720
85.43
88.28
91.16
94.15
96.77
99.67 102.43 105.46 108.38 110.90 113.49 116.09
722 347.23 350.74 354.53 358.45 361.88 365.37 368.85 372.56 376.29 379.68 383.07 386.45
723 -74.45 -74.82 -75.16 -75.09 -75.18 -75.18 -75.14 -74.98 -74.18 -73.95 -73.82 -73.69
724 -100.97 -101.37 -101.75 -102.13 -102.55 -102.82 -103.34 -103.71 -103.73 -104.03 -104.30 -104.63
725 -29.38 -29.14 -29.27 -29.16 -28.84 -28.60 -28.74 -28.71 -28.60 -28.44 -28.42 -27.43

USNO
USNO
VMI
VMI
VMI

40 728
- 218.90 218.65 217.88 217.65 221.59 225.81 228.24 231.34
40 731 -146.01 -147.01 -147.96 -148.85 -149.94 -150.90 -151.80 -152.86 -153.81 -154.82 -155.72 -156.60
35 2230 -23.43 -25.74 -24.91 -25.50
- -27.81 -26.92 -23.93
36 1233
-2.17
-5.08
-2.68
-2.61
-6.53
-5.81
-4.58
36 2314
24.67
22.65
21.85
22.92
20.05
21.13
23.62

VSL
VSL
VSL
VSL
ZA

35 179
35 456
35 548
35 731
35 2232

-29.89
17.65
20.97
17.65
-

-29.46
18.16
22.08
17.65
-

-27.91
17.50
22.31
17.45
-

-28.44
17.45
21.91
18.92
-

-27.66
18.20
24.06
19.91
-2.62

-27.16
19.80
24.13
20.08
-3.13

-27.47
24.18
20.16
-3.54

-27.24
23.64
20.78
-4.66

-26.41
24.08
19.87
-4.43

-27.01
23.62
18.96
-4.26

-26.88
23.23
18.76
-5.02

-27.16
24.20
19.48
-5.30

ZA
ZA
ZA

35 2233
36 1034
36 1821

-17.46
-10.46

-16.19
-17.24
-10.94

-16.98
-15.89
-8.81

-16.31
-16.04
-9.20

-16.68
-15.36
-7.55

-16.56
-14.28
-8.69

-16.35
-14.25
-7.78

-16.62
-14.61
-9.64

68

Table 9A. Relative weights (in percent) of contributing clocks in 2010

(File is available at ftp://62.161.69.5/pub/tai/scale/WTAI/wtai10.ar)
Clock weights are computed for one-month intervals ending at the MJD dates given in the table.
"-" denotes that the clock was not used

The clocks are designated by their type (2 digits) and serial number in the type. The codes for the types are:
12
13
14
16
17
15
18
19
4x
9x

Lab.

HEWLETT-PACKARD 5061A
EBAUCHES, OSCILLATOM B5000
HEWLETT-PACKARD 5061A OPT. 4
OSCILLOQUARTZ 3200
OSCILLOQUARTZ 3000
DATUM/SYMMETRICOM Cs III
DATUM/SYMMETRICOM Cs 4000
RHODES AND SCHWARZ XSC
HYDROGEN MASERS
PRIMARY CLOCKS AND PROTOTYPES

Clock

21
23
25
30
31
34
35
36
50
51

OSCILLOQUARTZ 3210
52 DATUM/SYMMETRICOM 4065 C
OSCILLOQUARTZ EUDICS 3020
53 DATUM/SYMMETRICOM 4310 B
HEWLETT_PACKARD 5062C
HEWLETT-PACKARD 5061B
HEWLETT-PACKARD 5061B OPT. 4
H-P 5061A/B with 5071A tube
H-P/AGILENT/SYMMETRICOM 5071A High perf.
H-P/AGILENT/SYMMETRICOM 5071A Low perf.
FREQ. AND TIME SYSTEMS INC. 4065A
DATUM/SYMMETRICOM 4065 B

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

APL
APL
APL
APL
APL

35
35
35
40
40

904
1264
1791
3107
3108

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.273
0.064
0.758
0.000
0.002

0.386
0.081
0.742
0.117
0.001

0.534
0.116
0.746
0.176
0.001

0.000
0.136
0.718
0.228
0.001

0.168
0.712
0.283
0.001

0.215
0.714
0.350
0.001

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

APL
AUS
AUS
AUS
AUS

40 3109
35 2269
36 299
36 340
36 654

0.000
0.077
0.000
0.454
0.190

0.000
0.104
0.061
0.366
0.171

0.007
0.107
0.089
0.371
0.132

0.007
0.116
0.120
0.347
0.142

0.008
0.120
0.173
0.279
0.141

0.008
0.000
0.191
0.265
0.127

0.008
0.000
0.000
0.360
0.140

0.008
0.018
0.411
0.147

0.014
0.000
0.353
0.151

0.000
0.012
0.000
0.342
0.198

0.000
0.011
0.347
0.198

0.000
0.011
0.000
0.224
0.195

69

Table 9A. (Cont.)

Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

AUS
AUS
AUS
BEV
BEV

36
40
40
35
35

1141
5401
5402
1065
1793

0.067
0.000
0.000
0.081
0.779

0.074
0.070
0.767

0.063
0.063
0.758

0.071
0.068
0.634

0.072
0.095
0.656

0.059
0.119
0.000

0.060
0.140
-

0.060
0.195
-

0.054
0.000
0.262
-

0.062
0.000
0.000
0.232
-

0.065
0.000
0.000
0.166
-

0.061
0.000
0.000
0.176
-

BEV
BIM
BY
BY
BY

40
18
40
40
40

3452
8058
4209
4222
4227

0.000
0.114
0.002
-

0.000
0.121
0.002
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.138
0.003
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.169
0.004
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.206
0.004
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.237
0.002
0.007

0.000
0.303
0.003
0.010

0.000
0.302
0.002
0.000
0.004

0.000
0.315
0.002
0.000
0.005

0.000
0.274
0.002
0.000
0.004

0.000
0.253
0.000
0.004

0.000
0.287
0.000
0.004

BY
BY
CAO
CAO
CH

40 4260
40 4278
35 939
35 1270
35 771

0.003
0.002
0.206
0.646
0.335

0.002
0.002
0.215
0.612
0.394

0.004
0.003
0.168
0.758
0.417

0.004
0.003
0.166
0.742
0.534

0.003
0.003
0.183
0.746
0.746

0.003
0.004
0.195
0.718
0.718

0.005
0.011
0.243
0.712
0.000

0.004
0.010
0.334
0.714
0.412

0.003
0.008
0.304
0.000
0.461

0.002
0.005
0.398
0.599
0.319

0.002
0.004
0.355
0.554
0.314

0.002
0.003
0.405
0.485
0.331

CH
CH
CH
CH
CNM

35 2117
36 354
36 413
40 5701
35 1815

0.187
0.407
0.026
0.000
0.191

0.203
0.361
0.037
0.016
0.189

0.241
0.394
0.045
0.015
0.199

0.246
0.393
0.042
0.016
0.247

0.306
0.345
0.041
0.018
0.292

0.285
0.204
0.033
0.018
0.282

0.338
0.187
0.026
0.018
0.286

0.531
0.151
0.024
0.019
0.324

0.533
0.149
0.022
0.019
0.329

0.737
0.141
0.022
0.020
0.336

0.755
0.122
0.024
0.022
0.326

0.669
0.112
0.023
0.023
0.255

CNM
CNM
CNM
CNMP
CNMP

36
40
53
36
36

1537
7301
6038
1752
1806

0.011
0.111
0.000
0.147

0.010
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.009
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.008
0.012
0.000
0.029

0.009
0.012
0.000
0.026

0.008
0.011
0.000
0.024

0.010
0.011
0.015
0.024

0.018
0.012
0.018
0.028

0.017
0.013
0.023
0.029

0.022
0.013
-

0.030
0.017
0.000
0.000

0.033
0.022
0.000
0.000

DLR
DMDM
DMDM
DTAG
DTAG

35 1714
35 2191
36 2033
36 345
36 465

0.162
0.000
0.091
0.076

0.127
0.000
0.000
0.098
0.076

0.119
0.000
0.025
0.115
0.063

0.116
0.000
0.021
0.127
0.068

0.125
0.000
0.021
0.141
0.071

0.145
0.099
0.019
0.111
0.057

0.138
0.147
0.018
0.122
0.133

0.145
0.209
0.023
0.109
0.129

0.166
0.280
0.031
0.118
0.127

0.185
0.261
0.036
0.108
0.121

0.192
0.261
0.058
0.108
0.114

0.201
0.277
0.196
0.105
0.101

70

Table 9A. (Cont.)

Lab.
DTAG
EIM
EIM
EIM
F

Clock
36 2370
35 716
35 1431
35 2060
35 122

55224
0.459
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.468

55254
0.325
0.000

55284
0.318
0.148

55314
0.315
0.107

55344
0.328
0.000
0.000
0.121

55374
0.363
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.128

55404
0.299
0.144

55439
0.307
0.138

55469
0.363
0.000
0.000
0.136

55499
0.349
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.135

55529
0.437
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.132

55559
0.308
0.000
0.000
0.000
-

F
F
F
F
F

35
35
35
35
35

124
131
158
355
385

0.779
0.000
0.779
0.000
0.779

0.767
0.767
0.000
0.700

0.758
0.758
0.000
0.677

0.742
0.742
0.000
0.629

0.746
0.746
0.158
0.561

0.718
0.718
0.152
0.625

0.712
0.712
0.140
0.333

0.714
0.714
0.160
0.402

0.674
0.716
0.183
0.380

0.540
0.737
0.177
0.314

0.531
0.755
0.191
0.295

0.479
0.758
0.211
0.303

F
F
F
F
F

35
35
35
35
35

396
469
489
520
536

0.371
0.096
0.232
0.028
0.342

0.390
0.087
0.267
0.027
0.347

0.662
0.084
0.292
0.019
0.255

0.669
0.093
0.435
0.020
0.208

0.712
0.124
0.630
0.024
0.258

0.718
0.111
0.718
0.019
0.269

0.656
0.102
0.712
0.022
0.297

0.514
0.114
0.714
0.024
0.451

0.620
0.106
0.716
0.033
0.662

0.707
0.097
0.737
0.040
0.737

0.739
0.098
0.755
0.056
0.755

0.758
0.097
0.758
0.074
0.698

F
F
F
F
F

35
35
35
35
35

609
770
774
781
819

0.779
0.000
0.018
0.029

0.767
0.000
0.018
0.015

0.000
0.758
0.197
0.018
0.013

0.000
0.742
0.262
0.017
0.012

0.000
0.746
0.352
0.020
0.013

0.000
0.718
0.297
0.024
0.013

0.688
0.712
0.292
0.035
0.013

0.689
0.714
0.339
0.058
0.013

0.716
0.716
0.406
0.016

0.737
0.737
0.464
0.020

0.755
0.599
0.000
0.000

0.758
0.758
0.000
0.016

F
F
F
F
F

35 859
35 909
35 1068
35 1177
35 1258

0.125
0.000
0.779
0.000
0.204

0.136
0.000
0.767
0.167
0.187

0.191
0.000
0.758
0.114
0.217

0.190
0.024
0.742
0.151
0.210

0.180
0.025
0.746
0.164
0.193

0.167
0.026
0.718
0.099
0.255

0.187
0.027
0.712
0.099
0.336

0.165
0.028
0.714
0.093
0.370

0.184
0.084
-

0.161
0.086
-

0.150
0.000
0.000
0.080
0.000

0.153
0.000
0.000
0.086
-

F
F
F
F
F

35
35
35
35
35

0.711
0.000
0.648
0.352
0.000

0.588
0.000
0.679
0.320
0.569

0.470
0.758
0.564
0.356
0.000

0.501
0.742
0.506
0.347
0.218

0.444
0.387
0.350
0.385
0.152

0.597
0.293
0.274
0.405
0.106

0.596
0.369
0.220
0.355
0.091

0.613
0.473
0.250
0.480
0.077

0.614
0.577
0.328
0.488
0.095

0.620
0.483
0.289
0.477
0.094

0.733
0.314
0.586
0.135

0.690
0.344
0.445
0.223

1321
1556
1644
2027
2388

71

Table 9A. (Cont.)

Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

F
F
F
F
F

40 805
40 816
40 889
40 890
53 6385

0.001
0.000
0.001
0.082
0.137

0.001
0.000
0.001
0.114
0.113

0.000
0.015
0.002
0.138
0.118

0.000
0.002
0.152
0.085

0.000
0.002
0.198
0.068

0.000
0.002
0.170
0.052

0.001
0.000
0.002
0.125
0.048

0.001
0.000
0.002
0.103
-

0.001
0.000
0.002
0.094
-

0.001
0.000
0.002
0.082
-

0.001
0.272
-

0.002
0.000
-

HKO
HKO
IFAG
IFAG
IFAG

35
35
36
36
36

1893
2425
1167
1173
1629

0.000
0.000
0.044
0.014
0.093

0.000
0.000
0.039
0.017
0.099

0.000
0.000
0.039
0.025
0.131

0.000
0.023
0.042
0.028
0.142

0.026
0.033
0.046
0.028
0.155

0.033
0.037
0.053
0.021
0.099

0.043
0.040
0.056
0.018
0.059

0.057
0.047
0.051
0.016
0.051

0.071
0.054
0.068
0.015
0.045

0.075
0.061
0.083
0.015
0.044

0.086
0.070
0.080
0.014
0.047

0.083
0.072
0.074
0.014
0.049

IFAG
IFAG
IFAG
IFAG
INTI

36
36
40
40
35

1732
1798
4418
4439
2377

0.567
0.300
0.027
0.005
0.013

0.527
0.347
0.077
0.010
-

0.451
0.376
0.052
0.008
-

0.434
0.422
0.043
0.009
0.000

0.444
0.460
0.045
0.010
0.000

0.531
0.448
0.046
0.009
0.000

0.712
0.447
0.050
0.009
0.000

0.714
0.468
0.062
0.010
0.017

0.716
0.716
0.076
0.010
0.015

0.737
0.737
0.095
0.006
0.012

0.755
0.691
0.109
0.006
0.012

0.758
0.441
0.132
0.007
0.015

IPQ
IPQ
IPQ
IT
IT

35 1797
35 2012
35 2169
35 219
35 505

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.027
0.779

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.028
-

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.029
-

0.038
-

0.066
-

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.251
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.712
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.714
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.716
0.000

0.515
0.509
0.185
0.000
0.538

0.747
0.594
0.273
0.000
0.755

0.431
0.758
0.346
0.022
0.659

IT
IT
IT
IT
IT

35
35
35
35
40

1115
1373
2118
2487
1101

0.332
0.694
0.779
0.000
0.001

0.298
0.766
0.767
0.001

0.284
0.758
0.758
0.001

0.287
0.742
0.742
0.000
0.001

0.424
0.746
0.746
0.000
0.001

0.441
0.718
0.718
0.000
0.001

0.430
0.712
0.712
0.000
0.001

0.350
0.714
0.714
0.427
0.001

0.399
0.716
0.716
0.640
0.000

0.319
0.737
0.737
0.707
0.000

0.220
0.755
0.755
0.565
0.000

0.115
0.758
0.660
0.650
0.000

IT
IT
JV
JV
JV

40 1102
40 1103
21 216
21 387
36 1277

0.000
0.040
0.013
0.000
0.001

0.000
0.014
0.000
0.001

0.000
0.016
0.000
0.001

0.000
0.015
0.000
0.002

0.000
0.021
0.000
0.002

0.000
0.000
0.024
0.000
0.003

0.000
0.000
0.027
0.000
0.003

0.000
0.000
0.030
0.000
0.004

0.000
0.000
0.031
0.000
0.227

0.000
0.009
-

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000

72

Table 9A. (Cont.)

Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

KIM
KRIS
KRIS
KRIS
KRIS

36 618
35 321
35 739
35 1693
35 1783

0.060
0.022
0.779
0.379

0.065
0.019
0.767
0.000
0.337

0.076
0.758
0.000
0.503

0.080
0.742
0.000
0.468

0.074
0.746
0.000
0.530

0.000
0.718
0.467
0.527

0.057
0.712
0.465
0.472

0.066
0.714
0.528
0.503

0.080
0.716
0.713
0.519

0.088
0.737
0.737
0.477

0.086
0.755
0.554
0.469

0.062
0.758
0.507
0.452

KRIS
KRIS
KRIS
KRIS
KRIS

36
40
40
40
40

1135
5623
5624
5625
5626

0.113
0.623
0.001
0.000

0.119
0.321
0.001
0.000
0.000

0.117
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000

0.083
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.001
0.000
0.672

0.000
0.001
0.006
0.618

0.000
0.001
0.004
0.507

0.000
0.001
0.004
0.426

0.001
0.004
0.380

0.001
0.005
0.300

0.002
0.005
0.251

0.002
0.005
0.000

KZ
KZ
LT
LV
MIKE

35
40
35
35
35

2202
2707
1362
2335
1171

0.001
0.187
0.000
0.012

0.001
0.184
0.000
0.012

0.001
0.180
0.000
0.011

0.001
0.220
0.012
0.011

0.000
0.000
0.297
0.017
0.012

0.035
0.000
0.314
0.019
0.012

0.032
0.000
0.224
0.021
0.012

0.029
0.000
0.184
0.025
0.180

0.022
0.000
0.187
0.031
0.182

0.019
0.001
0.033
0.352

0.019
0.001
0.000
0.036
0.342

0.000
0.041
0.342

MIKE
MIKE
MIKE
MIKE
MKEH

36 986
40 4108
40 4113
40 4180
36 849

0.014
0.010
0.002
0.001
0.157

0.013
0.010
0.002
0.001
0.207

0.013
0.010
0.002
0.001
0.194

0.013
0.009
0.003
0.001
0.195

0.014
0.010
0.003
0.001
0.208

0.014
0.010
0.003
0.001
0.200

0.014
0.010
0.004
0.001
0.201

0.107
0.104
0.001
0.000

0.107
0.000
0.001
0.104

0.143
0.045
0.000
0.001
0.100

0.138
0.037
0.000
0.001
0.090

0.159
0.032
0.000
0.001
0.092

MSL
MSL
MSL
NAO
NAO

12 933
36 274
36 1025
35 779
35 1206

0.000
0.055
0.014
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.045
0.017
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.398
0.182

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.553
0.210

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.543
0.270

0.013
0.049
0.063
0.556
0.288

0.018
0.064
0.000
0.633
0.347

0.024
0.076
0.000
0.673
0.400

0.000
0.099
0.003
0.499
0.466

0.561
0.540

NAO
NAO
NICT
NICT
NICT

35 1214
35 1689
35 112
35 332
35 342

0.000
0.779
0.576
0.302

0.000
0.767
0.429
0.258

0.000
0.758
0.443
0.208

0.000
0.742
0.437
0.207

0.000
0.746
0.379
0.242

0.000
0.626
0.458
0.206

0.001
0.465
0.451
0.223

0.001
0.454
0.364
0.184

0.001
0.000
0.457
0.274
0.179

0.001
0.000
0.532
0.237
0.310

0.001
0.000
0.468
0.222
0.374

0.002
0.000
0.451
0.322
0.416

73

Table 9A. (Cont.)

Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

NICT
NICT
NICT
NICT
NICT

35
35
35
35
35

343
715
732
907
908

0.455
0.000
0.136
0.603
0.032

0.566
0.000
0.190
0.486
0.000

0.632
0.758
0.235
0.408
0.007

0.740
0.742
0.305
0.339
0.005

0.746
0.746
0.375
0.299
0.005

0.718
0.718
0.196
0.340
0.005

0.668
0.712
0.228
0.336
0.005

0.616
0.714
0.275
0.407
0.005

0.716
0.716
0.377
0.603
0.007

0.737
0.737
0.371
0.621
0.010

0.755
0.755
0.588
0.441
0.017

0.758
0.758
0.613
0.343
0.034

NICT
NICT
NICT
NICT
NICT

35 913
35 916
35 1225
35 1226
35 1611

0.133
0.779
0.779
0.068
0.000

0.106
0.767
0.738
0.067
0.000

0.105
0.758
0.713
0.056
0.000

0.093
0.742
0.689
0.038
0.000

0.100
0.746
0.038
0.000

0.088
0.718
0.032
0.000

0.085
0.712
0.031
0.000

0.106
0.714
0.034
0.000

0.105
0.716
0.032
0.000

0.101
0.614
0.034
0.000

0.084
0.742
0.036
0.008

0.075
0.515
0.000
0.042
0.007

NICT
NICT
NICT
NICT
NICT

35
35
35
35
35

1778
1789
1790
1866
1882

0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000

0.204
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.190
0.000
0.344
0.000
0.000

0.194
0.000
0.318
0.000
0.578

0.242
0.000
0.229
0.000
0.472

0.308
0.712
0.200
0.000
0.512

0.395
0.714
0.186
0.714
0.594

0.422
0.716
0.190
0.716
0.569

0.369
0.737
0.166
0.737
0.649

0.352
0.755
0.165
0.755
0.591

0.235
0.758
0.131
0.562
0.680

NICT
NICT
NICT
NICT
NICT

35
35
35
35
35

1887
1944
2010
2011
2056

0.470
0.646
0.745
0.779
0.771

0.423
0.610
0.767
0.767
0.444

0.501
0.710
0.758
0.758
0.514

0.742
0.645
0.688
0.742
0.461

0.746
0.544
0.746
0.000
0.635

0.718
0.531
0.718
0.639
0.511

0.712
0.600
0.712
0.437
0.509

0.714
0.626
0.714
0.451
0.524

0.716
0.687
0.716
0.000
0.656

0.737
0.634
0.737
0.000
0.644

0.755
0.581
0.755
0.000
0.752

0.758
0.581
0.758
0.000
0.000

NICT
NICT
NICT
NICT
NICT

35
35
35
35
35

2113
2116
2570
2574
2620

0.206
0.779
-

0.208
0.767
-

0.204
0.758
-

0.206
0.742
-

0.274
0.746
0.000
0.000
-

0.297
0.000
0.000
0.000
-

0.286
0.410
0.000
0.000
-

0.236
0.327
0.000
0.000
-

0.153
0.210
0.594
0.116
-

0.147
0.216
0.737
0.096
-

0.144
0.204
0.755
0.117
-

0.168
0.156
0.758
0.128
0.000

NICT
NICT
NICT
NICT
NICT

35
36
40
40
40

2627
1217
2001
2002
2003

0.197
0.029
0.779

0.288
0.026
0.767

0.250
0.024
0.758

0.206
0.023
0.742

0.227
0.024
0.000

0.210
0.000
0.496

0.196
0.000
0.000
0.494

0.194
0.000
0.000
0.415

0.202
0.000
0.000
0.327

0.175
0.000
0.243

0.202
0.000
0.187

0.000
0.176
0.000
0.141

74

Table 9A. (Cont.)

Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

NICT
NICT
NIM
NIM
NIM

40
40
35
35
40

2004
2005
1235
2239
4832

0.057
0.003
0.034
0.000

0.054
0.003
0.057
0.000
0.000

0.051
0.003
0.088
0.000
0.000

0.052
0.089
0.000
0.000

0.059
0.084
0.000
-

0.060
0.105
0.202
-

0.239
0.281
-

0.215
0.405
-

0.247
0.000
-

0.000
0.255
0.185
-

0.000
0.215
0.227
-

0.000
0.214
0.261
-

NIM
NIMB
NIMT
NIMT
NIS

40
35
35
35
35

4835
600
2246
2247
1126

0.001
0.140
0.000
0.779
0.493

0.001
0.087
0.681
0.328
0.522

0.001
0.071
0.758
0.411
0.502

0.001
0.070
0.742
0.248
0.463

0.001
0.000
0.463

0.001
0.000
0.000
0.718

0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.712

0.001
0.000
0.000
0.010
-

0.001
0.000
0.008
-

0.001
0.000
0.390
0.007
0.000

0.001
0.000
0.000

0.001
0.000
0.000

NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST

35 132
35 182
35 282
35 408
35 1074

0.000
0.556
0.779
0.174

0.618
0.745
0.000
0.767
0.144

0.271
0.753
0.000
0.000
0.079

0.263
0.742
0.000
0.159
0.000

0.186
0.746
0.000
0.210
0.057

0.146
0.718
0.071
0.249
0.046

0.133
0.712
0.061
0.286
0.043

0.129
0.714
0.066
0.297
0.039

0.118
0.716
0.086
0.332
0.045

0.095
0.737
0.106
0.356
0.047

0.755
0.129
0.390
0.060

0.758
0.142
0.428
0.081

NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST

35 2031
35 2032
35 2034
40 203
40 204

0.779
0.055
0.268
0.009
0.456

0.767
0.057
0.200
0.008
0.444

0.758
0.053
0.249
0.008
0.435

0.742
0.052
0.247
0.008
0.465

0.746
0.067
0.416
0.009
0.523

0.588
0.086
0.554
0.009
0.480

0.671
0.108
0.557
0.009
0.498

0.714
0.183
0.449
0.009
0.511

0.716
0.296
0.338
0.009
0.484

0.737
0.171
0.322
0.009
0.419

0.755
0.000
0.279
0.009
0.394

0.000
0.000
0.373
0.009
0.373

NIST
NIST
NIST
NMIJ
NMIJ

40 205
40 206
40 222
35 224
35 1273

0.779
0.779
0.537
0.000
0.000

0.767
0.767
0.447
0.000
0.000

0.758
0.758
0.427
0.000
0.000

0.742
0.742
0.445
0.742
0.742

0.746
0.687
0.503
0.746
0.746

0.718
0.496
0.564
0.718
0.718

0.712
0.367
0.626
0.712
0.559

0.714
0.290
0.714
0.000
0.714

0.716
0.258
0.716
0.309
0.716

0.737
0.249
0.737
0.207
0.666

0.755
0.221
0.755
0.171
0.532

0.758
0.237
0.758
0.178
0.314

NMIJ
NMIJ
NMIJ
NMIJ
NMIJ

35
40
40
40
40

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.557
0.742
0.000
0.012
0.005

0.504
0.746
0.432
0.018
0.005

0.645
0.718
0.424
0.025
0.004

0.000
0.712
0.443
0.033
0.004

0.000
0.714
0.515
0.043
0.003

0.081
0.716
0.504
0.055
0.003

0.074
0.737
0.512
0.003

0.076
0.755
0.583
0.002

0.073
0.645
0.002

2057
5002
5003
5014
5015

75

Table 9A. (Cont.)

Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

NMLS
NPL
NPL
NPL
NPL

35 328
35 1275
36 784
40 1701
40 1708

0.083
0.303
0.368
0.350

0.000
0.078
0.204
0.367
0.328

0.000
0.079
0.122
0.342
0.313

0.000
0.090
0.140
0.347
0.314

0.000
0.140
0.166
0.368
0.354

0.016
0.196
0.334
0.338

0.020
0.222
0.000
0.278
0.307

0.028
0.588
0.000
0.289
0.299

0.037
0.669
0.000
0.283
0.287

0.043
-

0.047
-

0.046
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

NPLI
NRC
NRC
NRC
NRC

35
35
35
35
35

2257
2148
2150
2151
2152

0.296
0.311
0.003
0.000
0.334

0.259
0.248
0.004
0.000
0.317

0.225
0.205
0.004
0.000
0.360

0.249
0.244
0.004
0.000
0.345

0.250
0.252
0.130
0.527
0.709

0.243
0.265
0.140
0.431
0.654

0.215
0.274
0.132
0.421
0.693

0.218
0.290
0.173
0.412
0.714

0.216
0.387
0.190
0.445
0.716

0.239
0.457
0.241
0.737

0.197
0.746
0.331
0.000
0.755

0.000
0.758
0.710
0.000
0.758

NRL
NRL
NRL
NRL
NRL

35 714
35 719
35 1245
36 387
40 1001

0.154
0.002

0.139
0.002

0.145
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.002

0.171
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.002

0.351
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.002

0.372
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.002

0.456
0.000
0.000
0.179
0.002

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

NRL
NRL
NTSC
NTSC
NTSC

40
40
35
35
35

1003
1009
1007
1008
1011

0.165
0.003
0.052
0.779
0.268

0.163
0.004
0.058
0.767
0.468

0.158
0.005
0.060
0.758
0.758

0.174
0.006
0.064
0.000
0.742

0.199
0.007
0.000
0.478
0.746

0.201
0.007
0.000
0.486
0.718

0.205
0.006
0.019
0.503
0.712

0.018
0.422
0.501

0.000
0.000
0.020
0.356
0.384

0.000
0.000
0.020
0.355
0.206

0.000
0.000
0.019
0.281
-

0.000
0.014
0.315
-

NTSC
NTSC
NTSC
NTSC
NTSC

35
35
35
35
35

1016
1017
1018
1818
1820

0.200
0.011
0.266
-

0.188
0.010
0.201
-

0.174
0.011
0.141
-

0.171
0.014
0.103
-

0.191
0.021
0.105
-

0.210
0.051
0.093
-

0.182
0.082
0.000
0.080
0.000

0.187
0.138
0.000
0.076
0.000

0.192
0.152
0.000
0.087
0.000

0.195
0.143
0.000
0.115
0.000

0.156
0.144
0.368
0.191
0.142

0.174
0.145
0.161
0.245
0.102

NTSC
NTSC
NTSC
NTSC
NTSC

35
35
35
35
35

1823
2096
2098
2131
2141

0.779
0.236
0.779
0.046
0.021

0.767
0.227
0.767
0.040
0.017

0.758
0.216
0.758
0.039
0.017

0.742
0.297
0.742
0.043
0.019

0.348
0.746
0.049
0.021

0.365
0.718
0.051
0.017

0.000
0.356
0.712
0.060
0.021

0.000
0.377
0.714
0.046
0.018

0.000
0.358
0.644
0.053
0.015

0.000
0.321
0.437
0.052
0.013

0.742
0.696
0.452
0.055
0.014

0.758
0.675
0.459
0.057
0.016

76

Table 9A. (Cont.)

Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

NTSC
NTSC
NTSC
NTSC
NTSC

35
35
35
35
35

2142
2143
2144
2145
2146

0.697
0.779
0.279
0.779

0.649
0.579
0.269
0.767

0.511
0.584
0.214
0.758

0.638
0.584
0.219
0.742

0.574
0.000
0.228
0.746

0.436
0.380
0.330
0.718

0.570
0.263
0.282
0.000
0.655

0.449
0.289
0.338
0.000
0.714

0.424
0.372
0.241
0.000
0.716

0.483
0.458
0.237
0.000
0.737

0.466
0.400
0.267
0.424
0.498

0.626
0.401
0.251
0.583
0.372

NTSC
NTSC
NTSC
NTSC
NTSC

35
35
35
40
40

2147
2573
2576
4926
4927

0.400
0.000
0.001

0.472
0.000
0.001

0.758
0.000
0.001

0.742
0.000
0.000

0.746
0.000
0.000

0.718
0.000
0.000

0.712
0.000
0.000

0.660
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.716
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.737
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.547
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.557
0.758
0.758
0.000
0.000

ONBA
ONRJ
ONRJ
ONRJ
ONRJ

36 2228
35 102
35 103
35 111
35 123

0.381
0.129
0.000
0.257

0.440
0.106
0.000
0.269

0.325
0.102
0.055
0.264

0.111
0.048
0.264

0.139
0.046
0.000
0.263

0.000
0.160
0.043
0.000
0.235

0.000
0.259
0.048
0.000
0.218

0.000
0.370
0.051
0.000
0.220

0.000
0.481
0.057
0.010
0.251

0.209
0.530
0.061
0.013
0.304

0.286
0.000
0.080
0.014
0.291

0.378
0.410
0.195
0.018
0.289

ONRJ
ONRJ
ONRJ
ONRJ
ONRJ

35 129
35 147
35 1153
35 1942
40 1950

0.779
0.008
-

0.767
0.000
0.010
-

0.758
0.000
0.016
-

0.709
0.000
0.066
-

0.658
0.000
0.102
-

0.718
0.121
0.150
-

0.637
0.157
0.162
-

0.678
0.215
0.000
0.000

0.575
0.219
0.052
0.000

0.556
0.266
0.041
0.000

0.608
0.251
0.032
0.000

0.583
0.292
0.000
0.029
0.000

ORB
ORB
ORB
ORB
ORB

36 201
36 202
36 593
40 2601
40 2602

0.135
0.110
0.153
0.407
0.026

0.158
0.130
0.178
0.463
0.022

0.188
0.095
0.208
0.655
0.019

0.196
0.091
0.230
0.016

0.200
0.088
0.169
0.014

0.178
0.067
0.158
0.011

0.170
0.050
0.155
0.009

0.164
0.053
0.136
0.009

0.184
0.054
0.243
0.008

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

PL
PL
PL
PL
PL

25
25
35
35
35

0.018
0.523
0.032
0.621

0.023
0.000
0.559
0.031
0.591

0.019
0.000
0.602
0.000
0.654

0.018
0.000
0.455
0.000
0.611

0.017
0.000
0.006
0.746

0.013
0.001
0.005
0.525

0.012
0.001
0.004
0.510

0.007
0.001
0.004
0.523

0.006
0.001
0.004
0.473

0.008
0.005
0.481

0.007
0.000
0.006
0.464

0.007
0.000
0.008
0.477

124
125
441
502
745

77

Table 9A. (Cont.)

Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

PL
PL
PL
PL
PL

35
35
35
35
35

1120
1660
1709
1746
1934

0.618
0.331
0.779
0.303
0.262

0.597
0.431
0.767
0.383
0.208

0.575
0.524
0.758
0.456
0.203

0.465
0.457
0.434
0.541
0.194

0.391
0.000
0.476
0.668
0.213

0.361
0.404
0.527
0.200

0.302
0.469
0.520
0.294

0.356
0.321
0.531

0.227
0.301
0.697

0.303
0.287
0.737

0.315
0.211
0.000

0.281
0.211
0.347

PL
PL
PL
PL
PL

35
40
40
40
40

2394
4002
4004
4601
4602

0.486
0.049
0.006
0.053
0.000

0.767
0.051
0.009
0.042
0.000

0.729
0.037
0.012
0.037
0.000

0.571
0.000
0.014
0.034
0.000

0.379
0.009
0.018
0.034
0.000

0.240
0.007
0.024
0.032
0.000

0.162
0.007
0.000
0.030
0.000

0.000
0.007
0.000
0.030
0.000

0.051
0.007
0.000
0.029
0.000

0.045
0.007
0.027
0.000

0.046
0.009
0.025
0.000

0.038
0.014
0.023
0.000

PTB
PTB
PTB
PTB
PTB

35 128
35 415
35 1072
40 506
40 508

0.779
0.311
0.553
0.003
0.000

0.767
0.374
0.464
0.003
0.000

0.758
0.420
0.423
0.002
0.000

0.742
0.500
0.435
0.002
0.000

0.746
0.614
0.420
0.003
0.000

0.718
0.718
0.404
0.002
0.000

0.712
0.712
0.389
0.003
0.000

0.714
0.714
0.398
0.004
0.000

0.716
0.716
0.404
0.004
0.000

0.737
0.000
0.509
0.004
0.000

0.755
0.294
0.509
0.004
0.000

0.610
0.232
0.514
0.004
0.000

PTB
PTB
PTB
PTB
ROA

40
40
92
92
35

510
590
1
2
583

0.000
0.021
0.493
0.779
0.044

0.000
0.019
0.636
0.767
0.033

0.000
0.019
0.758
0.758
0.024

0.000
0.019
0.742
0.742
0.020

0.000
0.021
0.746
0.746
0.020

0.001
0.021
0.000
0.718
0.019

0.001
0.019
0.550
0.712
0.019

0.020
0.497
0.714
0.019

0.020
0.481
0.022

0.021
0.595
0.065

0.021
0.743
0.231

0.021
0.719
0.529

ROA
ROA
ROA
ROA
ROA

35
35
35
36
36

718
1699
2270
1488
1490

0.779
0.221
0.433
0.120

0.767
0.268
0.415
0.117

0.758
0.267
0.307
0.117

0.742
0.244
0.288
0.108

0.746
0.261
0.000
0.325
0.206

0.718
0.504
0.000
0.284
0.245

0.712
0.459
0.000
0.206
0.241

0.000
0.443
0.000
0.166
0.162

0.000
0.488
0.063
0.213
0.165

0.012
0.572
0.063
0.207
0.000

0.010
0.611
0.069
0.318
0.140

0.009
0.428
0.067
0.291
0.140

ROA
SCL
SCL
SCL
SG

40
35
35
35
35

1436
1745
2178
2525
475

0.002
0.779
0.148
0.000
0.000

0.002
0.767
0.150
0.000
0.767

0.002
0.641

0.002
0.742

0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.746

0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
-

0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
-

0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.002
0.000
0.254
0.000

0.002
0.014
0.356
0.000

0.002
0.015
0.424
0.000

0.002
0.016
0.359
0.758

78

Table 9A. (Cont.)

Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

SG
SG
SG
SG
SIQ

35 476
35 1889
36 522
40 7701
36 1268

0.164
0.149
0.000
0.156

0.135
0.187
0.000
0.126

0.000
0.165
0.191
0.000
0.105

0.000
0.200
0.228
0.000
0.102

0.000
0.236
0.301
0.000
0.107

0.103

0.094

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.041

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.030

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.028

0.000
0.174
0.073
0.000
0.027

SMD
SMD
SMD
SMD
SMD

35
35
35
35
35

810
1766
1896
2003
2543

0.340
0.779
0.483
0.496
-

0.287
0.000
0.408
0.571
-

0.189
0.597
0.652
-

0.123
0.680
0.565
-

0.091
0.720
0.612
-

0.088
0.718
0.651
-

0.100
0.712
0.712
-

0.113
0.714
0.624
-

0.087
0.716
0.614
0.000

0.055
0.737
0.737
0.000

0.034
0.744
0.755
0.000

0.023
0.758
0.699
0.000

SMU
SP
SP
SP
SP

36 1193
19 197
35 572
35 641
35 1188

0.779
0.365
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.767
0.389
0.258

0.000
0.000
0.758
0.279

0.000
0.000
0.742
0.196

0.000
0.000
0.746
0.000

0.201
0.011
0.718
0.081

0.161
0.010
0.712
0.076

0.149
0.012
0.714
0.079

0.100
0.016
0.596
0.000
0.088

0.077
0.018
0.498
0.000
0.080

0.094
0.020
0.626
0.000
0.099

0.106
0.021
0.649
0.000
0.118

SP
SP
SP
SP
SP

35
35
35
36
36

1531
1642
2166
223
1175

0.101
0.302
0.779
0.077
0.426

0.083
0.353
0.767
0.130
0.000

0.075
0.345
0.758
0.110
0.159

0.093
0.329
0.742
0.107
0.155

0.455
0.746
0.102
0.153

0.546
0.718
0.169
0.155

0.433
0.712
0.210
0.166

0.316
0.714
0.273
0.185

0.379
0.716
0.278
0.174

0.340
0.737
0.215
0.163

0.250
0.755
0.172
0.168

0.273
0.758
0.200
0.173

SP
SP
SP
SP
SP

36
36
36
36
40

2068
2218
2295
2297
7201

0.215
0.315
0.779
0.326
0.002

0.205
0.280
0.000
0.766
0.002

0.206
0.264
0.452
0.758
0.002

0.410
0.241
0.394
0.742
0.002

0.435
0.435
0.290
0.585
0.002

0.276
0.424
0.313
0.565
0.002

0.179
0.261
0.300
0.341
0.002

0.170
0.379
0.313
0.358
0.002

0.163
0.308
0.259
0.000
0.002

0.125
0.254
0.274
0.241
0.002

0.138
0.238
0.270
0.236
0.002

0.130
0.237
0.244
0.198
0.002

SP
SP
SP
SP
SP

40
40
40
40
40

7203
7210
7211
7212
7218

0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.003

0.038
0.001
0.011
0.264
0.003

0.028
0.001
0.009
0.203
0.002

0.022
0.001
0.008
0.165
0.002

0.020
0.001
0.008
0.151
0.003

0.017
0.001
0.007
0.124
0.003

0.015
0.001
0.006
0.104
0.003

0.014
0.001
0.006
0.092
0.003

0.013
0.001
0.005
0.082
0.003

0.011
0.001
0.005
0.071
0.003

0.011
0.001
0.005
0.067
0.003

0.010
0.001
0.005
0.062
0.003

79

Table 9A. (Cont.)

Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

SP
SU
SU
SU
SU

40
40
40
40
40

7221
3802
3809
3810
3811

0.312
0.018
0.096
0.036
0.064

0.303
0.019
0.121
0.035
0.041

0.298
0.022
0.166
0.044
0.027

0.389
0.025
0.234
0.056
0.021

0.532
0.018
0.390
0.080
0.019

0.619
0.010
0.687
0.105
0.016

0.712
0.008
0.712
0.138
0.014

0.714
0.006
0.714
0.199
0.013

0.716
0.005
0.716
0.268
0.013

0.737
0.005
0.737
0.359
0.011

0.755
0.005
0.755
0.010

0.758
0.758
0.010

SU
SU
SU
SU
SU

40
40
40
40
40

3812
3814
3815
3816
3817

0.104
0.000
0.211
0.217
0.000

0.182
0.767
0.150
0.122
0.077

0.338
0.758
0.116
0.071
0.080

0.631
0.742
0.095
0.040
0.084

0.746
0.565
0.086
0.023
0.097

0.718
0.319
0.071
0.000
0.107

0.712
0.198
0.061
0.000
0.125

0.714
0.132
0.053
0.000
0.155

0.716
0.100
0.050
0.002
0.190

0.737
0.065
0.044
0.001
0.318

0.755
0.048
0.040
0.333

0.758
0.037
0.037
0.000
0.000

SU
SU
SU
TCC
TCC

40
40
40
35
35

3822
3831
3837
768
1028

0.018
0.115
0.719
0.074
0.733

0.020
0.101
0.593
-

0.022
0.090
0.504
-

0.021
0.084
0.429
0.000
0.000

0.017
0.085
0.000
0.000

0.014
0.091
0.000
0.000

0.010
0.119
0.000
0.000

0.008
0.138
0.018
0.116

0.007
0.139
0.026
0.140

0.005
0.116
0.035
-

0.005
0.063
0.046
-

0.005
0.032
0.049
-

TCC
TCC
TCC
TCC
TL

35
40
40
40
35

1881
8620
8624
8650
300

0.341
0.003
0.070
0.000
-

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-

0.220
0.029
0.096
0.012
0.000

0.330
0.029
0.109
0.009
0.000

0.392
0.027
0.113
0.007
0.000

0.483
0.024
0.118
0.006
0.000

0.538
0.022
0.112
0.005
0.526

TL
TL
TL
TL
TL

35 474
35 809
35 1012
35 1104
35 1132

0.008
0.169
0.020
0.107
0.352

0.020
0.167
0.338

0.023
0.207
0.302

0.029
0.274
0.000

0.054
0.299
0.051

0.074
0.353
0.042

0.122
0.369
0.047

0.000
0.392
0.047

0.381
0.400
0.053

0.395
0.395
0.058

0.391
0.482
0.061

0.379
0.481
0.072

TL
TL
TL
TL
TL

35
35
35
35
35

0.779
0.371
0.779
0.000
0.779

0.767
0.383
0.767
0.579
0.767

0.758
0.317
0.758
0.564
0.479

0.742
0.325
0.742
0.641
0.635

0.746
0.362
0.746
0.647
0.491

0.718
0.528
0.718
0.671
0.482

0.712
0.375
0.712
0.712
0.449

0.714
0.356
0.714
0.559
0.462

0.716
0.459
0.716
0.435
0.463

0.737
0.381
0.737
0.547
0.408

0.661
0.289
0.611
0.530
0.441

0.678
0.325
0.576
0.423
0.404

1498
1500
2365
2366
2367

80

Table 9A. (Cont.)

Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

TL
TL
TL
TL
TL

35
35
35
35
40

2368
2630
2634
2636
57

0.433
-

0.450
-

0.571
-

0.558
-

0.408
-

0.295
-

0.261
-

0.285
-

0.320
0.000

0.301
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.304
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.271
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

TL
TL
TP
TP
TP

40 3052
40 3053
35 163
35 326
35 1227

0.779
0.329
0.000
0.000
0.391

0.767
0.473
0.000
0.049
0.739

0.758
0.485
0.047
0.063
0.758

0.742
0.516
0.028
0.079
0.742

0.746
0.605
0.018
0.098
0.746

0.718
0.563
0.014
0.091
0.718

0.624
0.000
0.012
0.100
0.712

0.583
0.198
0.012
0.106
0.714

0.591
0.202
0.012
0.090
0.716

0.576
0.181
0.011
0.108
0.737

0.623
0.179
0.010
0.755

0.601
0.160
0.011
0.758

TP
TP
UA
UA
UA

35
36
35
40
40

2476
154
2465
7854
7881

0.000
0.000
-

0.428
0.124
0.000

0.496
0.122
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.284
0.071
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.322
0.096
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.369
0.118
0.000
0.000
0.003

0.362
0.144
-

0.407
0.091
-

0.414
0.108
-

0.376
0.115
-

0.524
0.112
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.487
0.108
-

UA
UME
USNO
USNO
USNO

40 7882
35 251
35 101
35 104
35 106

0.000
0.734
0.779

0.000
0.397
0.000
0.700
0.767

0.000
0.403
0.000
0.756
0.745

0.000
0.202
0.000
0.742
0.715

0.000
0.214
0.000
0.746
0.746

0.090
0.247
0.399
0.718
0.718

0.301
0.589
0.712
0.682

0.359
0.594
0.714
0.707

0.438
0.693
0.000
0.716

0.490
0.737
0.130
0.737

0.000
0.487
0.699
0.129
0.755

0.363
0.758
0.115
0.751

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

35
35
35
35
35

108
114
120
142
145

0.779
0.419
0.779
0.183
0.057

0.767
0.407
0.767
0.212
0.072

0.758
0.321
0.000
0.232
0.056

0.742
0.285
0.278
0.232
0.047

0.746
0.404
0.241
0.307
0.036

0.718
0.491
0.196
0.450
0.030

0.712
0.420
0.160
0.712
0.025

0.714
0.399
0.151
0.714
0.024

0.716
0.383
0.147
0.716
0.022

0.737
0.327
0.150
0.737
0.021

0.755
0.277
0.176
0.000
0.021

0.758
0.322
0.239
0.309
0.021

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

35
35
35
35
35

146
148
150
152
153

0.779
0.779
0.686
0.575
0.779

0.767
0.767
0.627
0.519
0.767

0.758
0.758
0.616
0.542
0.758

0.733
0.742
0.392
0.552
0.742

0.708
0.000
0.382
0.576
0.746

0.639
0.501
0.378
0.463
0.718

0.626
0.486
0.354
0.433
0.712

0.578
0.500
0.369
0.384
0.693

0.477
0.569
0.320
0.339
0.716

0.353
0.604
0.412
0.323
0.737

0.466
0.670
0.468
0.318
0.755

0.494
0.656
0.670
0.258
0.639

81

Table 9A. (Cont.)

Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

35
35
35
35
35

156
161
164
165
166

0.373
0.328
0.000
0.419
0.728

0.304
0.757
0.328
0.418
0.000

0.291
0.758
0.311
0.458
0.378

0.361
0.000
0.330
0.659
0.371

0.431
0.386
0.390
0.746
0.426

0.448
0.207
0.384
0.718
0.417

0.712
0.154
0.329
0.712
0.413

0.714
0.162
0.352
0.636
0.437

0.716
0.174
0.377
0.508
0.475

0.617
0.154
0.369
0.288
0.459

0.475
0.153
0.394
0.358
0.411

0.357
0.188
0.334
0.400

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

35
35
35
35
35

167
173
213
217
226

0.555
0.779
0.000
0.077
0.779

0.462
0.767
0.212
0.000
0.767

0.421
0.758
0.229
0.068
0.758

0.434
0.742
0.199
0.742

0.485
0.746
0.204
0.746

0.514
0.685
0.165
0.718

0.476
0.712
0.177
0.712

0.000
0.714
0.253
0.714

0.259
0.716
0.292
0.716

0.228
0.737
0.288
0.737

0.239
0.755
0.536
0.755

0.213
0.758
0.520
0.758

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

35
35
35
35
35

227
231
233
242
244

0.011
0.779
0.779
0.779
0.779

0.009
0.767
0.767
0.767
0.767

0.009
0.758
0.758
0.758
0.758

0.009
0.742
0.742
0.676
0.742

0.011
0.746
0.746
0.716
0.746

0.012
0.718
0.718
0.718
0.718

0.015
0.712
0.712
0.712
0.712

0.022
0.714
0.714
0.714
0.714

0.030
0.716
0.716
0.716
0.680

0.034
0.000
0.737
0.525
0.737

0.044
0.575
0.755
0.490
0.755

0.050
0.540
0.758
0.516
0.527

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

35
35
35
35
35

253
254
260
268
270

0.135
0.192
0.093
0.779
-

0.096
0.402
0.089
0.767
0.000

0.086
0.399
0.088
0.758
0.000

0.082
0.402
0.134
0.742
0.000

0.116
0.410
0.165
0.746
0.000

0.131
0.420
0.159
0.718
0.718

0.165
0.377
0.188
0.712
0.712

0.253
0.276
0.212
0.714
0.714

0.302
0.287
0.222
0.716
0.716

0.501
0.291
0.228
0.737
0.737

0.755
0.307
0.270
0.742
0.000

0.758
0.308
0.274
0.626
0.472

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

35
35
35
35
35

392
394
416
417
703

0.357
0.000
0.779
0.579
0.779

0.340
0.039
0.767
0.479
0.767

0.245
0.000
0.758
0.404
0.758

0.296
0.000
0.742
0.521
0.742

0.325
0.012
0.746
0.523
-

0.357
0.011
0.718
0.425
-

0.468
0.012
0.000
-

0.603
0.009
0.393
-

0.702
0.404
-

0.737
0.397
-

0.755
0.322
0.000
-

0.321
0.000
-

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

35 717
35 762
35 763
35 765
35 1096

0.779
0.000
0.779
0.000
-

0.767
0.000
0.767
0.000
-

0.758
0.000
0.758
0.000
-

0.742
0.000
0.742
0.000
-

0.746
0.050
0.746
0.051
-

0.718
0.055
0.718
0.046
-

0.712
0.074
0.712
0.061
-

0.714
0.099
0.714
0.064
-

0.716
0.130
0.716
0.056
-

0.737
0.154
0.737
0.062
-

0.755
0.184
0.755
0.074
-

0.712
0.211
0.758
0.084
0.000

82

Table 9A. (Cont.)

Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

35
35
35
35
35

1097
1125
1327
1328
1331

0.678
0.487
0.779
0.125
0.196

0.645
0.737
0.767
0.399
0.226

0.654
0.758
0.758
0.000
0.217

0.702
0.000
0.742
0.195
0.221

0.746
0.000
0.746
0.167
0.000

0.718
0.143
0.718
0.104
0.143

0.712
0.077
0.712
0.084
0.000

0.714
0.065
0.000
0.088
0.079

0.716
0.062
0.347
0.102
0.080

0.737
0.062
0.334
0.133
0.077

0.000
0.069
0.354
0.184
0.081

0.033
0.080
0.347
0.292
0.076

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

35
35
35
35
35

1438
1459
1462
1463
1543

0.779
0.779
0.528
0.000

0.767
0.000
0.767
0.667
0.000

0.758
0.000
0.758
0.647
0.000

0.742
0.000
0.742
0.742
0.000

0.703
0.000
0.746
0.746
0.666

0.717
0.312
0.718
0.718
0.718

0.590
0.449
0.712
0.712
0.712

0.425
0.355
0.714
0.714
0.714

0.249
0.228
0.716
0.716
0.716

0.213
0.252
0.737
0.737
0.737

0.139
0.307
0.755
0.755
0.755

0.113
0.358
0.758
0.758
0.758

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

35
35
35
35
35

1575
1598
1655
1658
1692

0.285
-

0.000
0.000
-

0.103
0.000
0.000

0.107
0.000
0.000

0.125
0.000
0.000

0.126
0.388
0.000

0.139
0.447
0.219

0.169
0.548
0.260

0.184
0.614
0.223

0.244
0.532
0.171

0.318
0.000
0.652
0.000
0.168

0.707
0.000
0.618
0.000
0.182

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

35 1696
35 1697
40 702
40 704
40 705

0.779
-

0.000
0.767
-

0.000
0.000
0.758
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.742
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.746
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.640
0.718
0.000
0.000

0.284
0.712
0.712
0.336
0.169

0.418
0.714
0.714
0.429
0.185

0.586
0.716
0.716
0.520
0.157

0.720
0.737
0.737
0.593
0.113

0.755
0.755
0.755
0.661
0.065

0.758
0.758
0.758
0.633
0.000

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

40
40
40
40
40

708
710
711
712
713

0.059
0.000
0.663
0.116

0.056
0.000
0.000
0.554
0.108

0.060
0.000
0.000
0.489
0.102

0.073
0.000
0.000
0.571
0.097

0.092
0.000
0.010
0.746
0.106

0.109
0.031
0.009
0.718
0.101

0.136
0.026
0.007
0.712
0.099

0.163
0.024
0.007
0.714
0.107

0.190
0.022
0.006
0.716
0.107

0.217
0.020
0.005
0.737
0.102

0.262
0.018
0.005
0.755
0.100

0.262
0.017
0.004
0.758
0.096

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

40
40
40
40
40

714
715
716
718
719

0.255
0.111
0.779
0.017
0.011

0.267
0.097
0.767
0.014
0.010

0.245
0.084
0.758
0.013
0.010

0.222
0.077
0.742
0.012
0.010

0.236
0.080
0.746
0.013
0.010

0.225
0.073
0.718
0.013
0.009

0.160
0.066
0.712
0.013
0.009

0.175
0.069
0.714
0.014
0.009

0.220
0.068
0.716
0.015
0.009

0.251
0.063
0.737
0.015
0.008

0.280
0.059
0.755
0.014
0.009

0.301
0.055
0.758
0.014
0.008

83

Table 9A. (Cont.)

Lab.

Clock

55224

55254

55284

55314

55344

55374

55404

55439

55469

55499

55529

55559

USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO
USNO

40
40
40
40
40

720
722
723
724
725

0.002
0.001
0.000
0.024
0.192

0.002
0.001
0.002
0.020
0.168

0.001
0.001
0.002
0.018
0.144

0.001
0.001
0.002
0.019
0.154

0.002
0.001
0.002
0.024
0.187

0.002
0.001
0.002
0.034
0.228

0.002
0.001
0.002
0.044
0.386

0.002
0.001
0.002
0.052
0.601

0.002
0.001
0.003
0.060
0.716

0.002
0.001
0.004
0.067
0.737

0.002
0.001
0.009
0.074
0.755

0.002
0.001
0.683
0.078
0.758

USNO
USNO
VMI
VMI
VMI

40 728
40 731
35 2230
36 1233
36 2314

0.022
0.042
0.027
0.028

0.019
0.054
0.036
0.029

0.017
0.080
0.066
0.069

0.016
0.078
0.063
0.067

0.000
0.016
-

0.000
0.014
-

0.000
0.013
-

0.000
0.013
-

0.029
0.012
-

0.008
0.012
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.005
0.012
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.004
0.011
0.000
0.000
0.000

VSL
VSL
VSL
VSL
ZA

35 179
35 456
35 548
35 731
35 2232

0.000
0.494
0.407
0.018
-

0.146
0.336
0.386
0.019
-

0.070
0.377
0.416
0.020
-

0.066
0.435
0.412
0.021
-

0.064
0.392
0.000
0.051
0.000

0.057
0.000
0.129
0.227
0.000

0.052
0.111
0.176
0.000

0.055
0.114
0.134
0.000

0.055
0.120
0.147
0.077

0.066
0.139
0.145
0.098

0.099
0.159
0.140
0.094

0.185
0.156
0.144
0.088

ZA
ZA
ZA

35 2233
36 1034
36 1821

0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000

0.290
0.000
0.042

0.420
0.067
0.058

0.569
0.072
0.066

0.706
0.090
0.080

84
Table 9B. Statistical data on the weights attributed to the clocks in 2010
Number of Clocks
Interval
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010

Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.

HM 5071A Total
100
100
103
103
103
102
100
98
99
99
96
93

232
231
233
235
238
240
237
236
237
242
246
246

384
386
389
393
394
395
391
386
389
386
391
389

Weight = 0*
HM 5071A Total
20
17
16
15
14
11
9
8
12
15
17
15

40
40
38
33
36
30
25
23
23
27
34
34

63
60
59
56
59
47
40
36
40
47
60
59

Number of clocks with a given weight

Weight = 0**
Max weight
HM 5071A Total
HM 5071A Total
8
8
11
12
11
8
10
10
10
8
8
14

10
8
8
10
13
9
9
9
7
5
9
4

21
23
21
23
25
22
22
22
21
15
18
20

6
7
7
8
7
7
8
9
10
10
10
9

53
50
54
52
52
55
55
50
47
49
39
36

61
58
64
63
61
63
65
61
59
61
50
46

Max relative
weight
0.779
0.767
0.758
0.742
0.746
0.718
0.712
0.714
0.716
0.737
0.755
0.758

Wmax=A/N, here N is the number of clocks, excluding those with a priori null weight, A=2.50.
* A priori null weight (test interval of new clocks).
** Null weight resulting from the statistics.
HM designates hydrogen masers and 5071A designates Hewlett-Packard 5071A units with high performance tube.
Clocks with missing data during an one-month interval of computation are excluded.

85

TIME SIGNALS

The time signal emissions reported here follow the UTC system, in accordance with the
Recommendation 460-4 of the Radiocommunication Bureau (RB) of the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU) unless otherwise stated.
Their maximum departure from the Universal Time UT1 is thus 0.9 second.
The following tables are based on information received at the BIPM in February and March 2011.

86

AUTHORITIES RESPONSIBLE FOR THE TIME SIGNAL EMISSIONS

Signal

Authority

BPM

National Time Service Center, NTSC

Chinese Academy of Sciences
3 East Shuyuan Rd, Lintong District, Xian
Shaanxi 710600, China

CHU

National Research Council of Canada

Institute for National Measurement Standards
Frequency and Time Standards
Bldg M-36, 1200 Montreal Road
Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada

DCF77

Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
Time and Frequency Department, WG 4.42
Bundesallee 100
D-38116 Braunschweig
Germany

EBC

Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada

Cecilio Pujazn s/n
11.110 San Fernando
Cdiz, Spain

HBG

METAS Federal Office of Metrology

Time and Frequency Laboratory
Length, Optics and Time Section
Lindenweg 50
CH-3003 Bern-Wabern
Switzerland

HLA

Center for Time and Frequency

Division of Physical Metrology
Korea Research Institute of
Standards and Science
267 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-340
Republic of Korea

JJY

Space-Time Standards Group

National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
4 -2- 1, Nukui-kitamachi
Koganei, Tokyo
184-8795 Japan

87

Signal

Authority

LOL

Servicio de Hidrografa Naval

Observatorio Naval Buenos Aires
Av. Espaa 2099
C1107AMA Buenos Aires, Argentina

MIKES

Centre for Metrology and Accreditation

Tekniikantie 1
FI-02150 Espoo
Finland

MSF

National Physical Laboratory

Time Quantum and Electromagnetics Division
Hampton Road
Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW
United Kingdom

RAB-99, RBU,
RJH-63, RJH-69,
RJH-77, RJH-86,
RJH-90,RTZ,RWM

All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Physical

Technical and Radiotechnical Measurements
FGUP VNIIFTRI
Meendeleevo, Moscow Region
141570 Russia

STFS

National Physical Laboratory

Dr. K.S. Krishnan Road
New Delhi - 110012, India

TDF

CFHM
Chambre franaise de lhorlogerie et des microtechniques
22 avenue Franklin Roosevelt
75008 Paris, France
and
LNE
Laboratoire national de mtrologie et d'essais
1 rue Gaston Boissier
75724 Paris Cedex 15, France

WWV, WWVB,
WWVH

Time and Frequency Division, 847.00

National Institute of Standards and
Technology - 325 Broadway
Boulder, Colorado 80305, U.S.A.

88

TIME SIGNALS EMITTED IN THE UTC SYSTEM

Location
Station

Latitude
Longitude

BPM

Frequency

Schedule (UTC)

Form of the signal

(kHz)

Pucheng

2 500

7 h 30 m to 1 h

The BPM time Signals are generated by NTSC and are

China

5 000

continuous

in accordance with UTC(NTSC)+8 h. Signals emitted in

35 0'N

10 000

continuous

advance on UTC by 20 ms. Second pulses of 10 ms

109 31'E

15 000

1 h to 9 h

duration with 1 kHz modulation. Minute pulses of 300

ms duration with 1 kHz modulation. UTC time signals
are emitted from minute 0 to 10, 15 to 25, 30 to 40, 45
to 55.
UT1 time signals are emitted from minute 25 to 29,
55 to 59.

CHU

Ottawa

3 330

Canada

7 850

with 29th and 51st to 59th pulses of each minute

45 18'N

14 670

omitted. Minute pulses are 0.5 s long. Hour pulses are

continuous

75 45'W

Second pulses of 300 cycles of a 1 kHz modulation,

1.0 s long, with the following 1st to 9th pulses omitted.

A bilingual (Fr. Eng.) announcement of time (UTC) is
made each minute following the 50th second pulse.
FSK code (300 bps, Bell 103) after 10 cycles of 1 kHz
on seconds 31 to 39. Year, DUT1, leap second
information, TAI-UTC and Canadian daylight saving
time format on 31, and time code on 32-39. Broadcast
is single sideband; upper sideband with carrier reinsert.
DUT1 : ITU-R code by double pulse.

DCF77

Mainflingen

77.5

continuous

The DCF77 time signals are generated by PTB and are

Germany

in accordance with the legal time of Germany which is

50 1'N

UTC(PTB)+1 h or UTC(PTB)+2 h. At the beginning of

9 0'E

each second (except in the last second of each minute)

the carrier amplitude is reduced to about 15% for a
duration of 0.1 or 0.2 s corresponding to binary 0 or
binary 1, respectively, referred to as second marks 0
to 59 in the following. The number of the minute, hour,
day of the month, day of the week, month and year are
transmitted in BCD code using second marks 20 to the
58, including overhead. Information emitted during
minute n is valid for minute n+1. The information
transmitted during the second marks 1 to the 14 is
provided by third parties. Information on that additional
service can be obtained from PTB. To achieve a more
accurate time transfer and a better use of the frequency
spectrum available an additional pseudo-random phase
shift keying of the carrier is superimposed on the AM
second markers.
No transmission of DUT1.

EBC

San Fernando

15006

10 h 00 m to 10 h 25 m

Second pulses of 0.1 s duration of a 1 kHz modulation.

Spain

4998

10 h 30 m to 10 h 55 m

Minute pulses of 0.5 s duration of

36 28'N

except Saturday, Sunday

1 250 Hz modulation.

6 12'W

and national holidays.

DUT1: ITU-R code by double pulse.

89

Location
Station

Latitude
Longitude

HBG(1)

Prangins

Frequency Schedule
(kHz)

75

Form of the signal

(UTC)

continuous

Switzerland

At the beginning of each second (except the 59th second), the carrier is
interrupted for a duration of 0.1 s or 0.2 s corresponding to "binary 0" or

46 24'N

"binary 1", respectively, double pulse each minute. The number of the

6 15'E

minute, hour, day of the month, day of the week, month and year are
transmitted in BCD code from the 21st to the 58th second. The HBG
time signal is generated in accordance with the legal time of Switzerland
which is UTC + 1 h (Central European Time CET) or UTC + 2 h (Central
European Summer Time CEST). In addition, CET and CEST are
indicated by a binary 1 at the 18th or 17th second, respectively.

HLA

Daejeon

5 000

continuous

Pulses of 9 cycles of 1 800 Hz modulation. 29th and 59th second pulses

Rep. of

omitted. Hour identified by

Korea

0.8 s long 1 500 Hz tone. Beginning of each minute identified by a 0.8 s

36 23'N

long 1 800 Hz tone. Voice announcement of hours and minutes each

nd
minute following the 52 second pulse. BCD time code given on 100 Hz

127 22'E

subcarrier.
DUT1: ITU-R code by double pulse.

JJY

Tamura-shi

40

Continuous

A1B type 0.2 s, 0.5 s and 0.8 s second pulses, spacings are given by
the reduction of the amplitude of the carrier. Coded announcement of

Fukushima

hour, minute, day of the year, year, day of the week and leap second.

Japan

Transmitted time refers to UTC(NICT) + 9 h.

37 22'N
140 51'E

JJY

LOL

Saga-shi

60

Continuous

A1B type 0.2 s, 0.5 s and 0.8 s second pulses, spacings are given by

Saga

the reduction of the amplitude of the carrier. Coded announcement of

Japan

hour, minute, day of the year, year, day of the week and leap second

33 28'N

same as JJY(40).

130 11'E

Transmitted time refers to UTC(NICT) + 9 h.

Buenos

10 000

14 h to 15 h

Second pulses of 5 cycles of 1000 Hz modulation. Second 59 is omitted.

except

Announcement of hours and minutes every 5 minutes, followed by

Argentina

Saturday,

3 minutes of 1000 Hz or 440 Hz modulation.

34 37'S

Sunday

DUT1: ITU-R code by lengthening.

58 21'W

and national

Aires

holidays.

MIKES

Espoo

25 000

Continuous

Modulation as in DCF77, time code in UTC.

Finland
60 11'N
24 50'E

(1)The HBG service will be discontinued at the end of 2011

90

Location
Station

Latitude

MSF

Frequency

Schedule (UTC)

Form of the signal

Continuous, except for

The carrier is interrupted for 0.1 s at the start of each

interruptions for

second, except during the first second of each minute

Kingdom

maintenance from

(second 0) when the interruption is 0.5 s. Two data bits

54 54'N

10 h 0 m to 14 h 0 m on the

are transmitted each second (except second 0): data bit

3 16'W

second Thursday of

A between 0.1 and 0.2 s after the start of the second

December and March,

and data bit B between 0.2 and 0.3 s after the start of

and from 09 h 0 m to

the second. Presence of the carrier represents binary

13 h 0 m on the second

0 and an interruption represents binary 1. The values

Thursday of June and

of data bit A provide year, month, day of the month,

September. A longer period

day of the week, hour and minute in BCD code. The

of maintenance during the

time

summer is announced

UTC(NPL)+1h when DST is in effect. The values of

annually.

data bit B provide DUT1 and an indication whether

Longitude

Anthorn

(kHz)

60

United

represented

is

UTC(NPL)

in

winter

and

DST is in effect. The information transmitted applies to

the following minute.
DUT1: ITU-R code by double pulse.

RAB-99

Khabarovsk

25.0

02 h 06 m to 02 h 36 m

A1N type signals are transmitted between minutes 9

Russia

25.1

06 h 06 m to 06 h 36 m

and 20 : 0.025 second pulses of 12.5 ms duration are

48 30'N

25.5

transmitted between minutes 9 and 11; second pulses

134 50'E

23.0

of 0.1 s duration, 10 second pulses of 1 s duration,

20.5

0.1 second pulses of 25 ms and minute pulses of 10 s

duration are transmitted between minutes 11 and 20.

RBU

Moscow

200/3

Continuous

DXXXW type 0.1 s signals. The numbers of the minute,

Russia

hour, day of the month, day of the week, month, year of

56 44'N

the century, difference between the universal time and

37 40'E

the local time, TJD and DUT1+dUT1 are transmitted

st
th
each minute from the 1 to the 59 second.
DUT1+dUT1 : by double pulse.

RJH-63

Krasnodar

25.0

Russia

25.1

and 20 : 0.025 second pulses of 12.5 ms duration are

44 46'N

25.5

transmitted between minutes 9 and 11 ; 0.1 second

39 34'E

23.0

pulses of 25 ms duration, 10 second pulses of 1 s

20.5

duration and minute pulses of 10 s duration are

11 h 06 m to 11 h 40 m

A1N type signals are transmitted between minutes 9

transmitted between minutes 11 and 20.

RJH-69

Molodechno

25.0

Belarus

25.1

and 22 : 0.025 second pulses of 12.5 ms duration are

54 28'N

25.5

transmitted between minutes 10 and 13; second pulses

26 47'E

23.0

of 0.1 s duration, 10 second pulses of 1 s duration,

20.5

0.1 second pulses of 25 ms and minute pulses of 10 s

07 h 06 m to 07 h 47 m

A1N type signals are transmitted between minutes 10

duration are transmitted between minutes 13 and 22.

91

Location
Station

Latitude
Longitude

RJH-77

Frequency

Schedule (UTC)

Form of the signal

09 h 06 m to 09 h 47 m

A1N type signals are transmitted between minutes 10

(KHz)

Arkhangelsk

25.0

Russia

25.1

and 22 : 0.025 second pulses of 12.5 ms duration are

64 22'N

25.5

transmitted between minutes 10 and 13; second pulses

41 35'E

23.0

of 0.1 s duration, 10 second pulses of 1 s duration,

20.5

0.1 second pulses of 25 ms and minute pulses of 10 s

duration are transmitted between minutes 13 and 22.

RJH-86

Bishkek

25.0

04 h 06 m to 04 h 47 m

A1N type signals are transmitted between minutes 10

Kirgizstan

25.1

10 h 06 m to 10 h 47 m

and 22 : 0.025 second pulses of 12.5 ms duration are

43 03'N

25.5

transmitted between minutes 10 and 13; second pulses

73 37'E

23.0

of 0.1 s duration, 10 second pulses of 1 s duration,

20.5

0.1 second pulses of 25 ms and minute pulses of 10 s

duration are transmitted between minutes 13 and 22.

RJH-90

Nizhni

25.0

Novgorod

25.1

and 22 : 0.025 second pulses of 12.5 ms duration are

Russia

25.5

transmitted between minutes 10 and 13; second pulses

56 11'N

23.0

of 0.1 s duration, 10 second pulses of 1 s duration,

43 57'E

20.5

0.1 second pulses of 25 ms and minute pulses of 10 s

08 h 06 m to 08 h 47 m

A1N type signals are transmitted between minutes 10

duration are transmitted between minutes 13 and 22.

RTZ

Irkutsk

Winter schedule

DXXXW type 0.1 s signals. The numbers of the minute,

Russia

22 h 00 m to 24 h 00 m

hour, day of the month, day of the week, month, year of

52 26'N

00 h 00 m to 21 h 00 m

the century, difference between the universal time and

Summer schedule
21 h 00 m to 24 h 00 m

the local time, TJD and DUT1+dUT1 are transmitted

st
th
each minute from the 1 to the 59 second.

00 h 00 m to 20 h 00 m

DUT1+dUT1: by double pulse.

50

103 41'E

RWM (2)

Moscow

4 996

The station operates

A1X type second pulses of 0.1 s duration are

Russia

9 996

simultaneously on the three

transmitted between minutes 10 and 20, 40 and 50. The

56 44'N

14 996

frequencies.

pulses at the beginning of the minute are prolonged to

37 38'E

0.5 s.
A1N type 0.1 s second pulses of 0.02 s duration are
transmitted between minutes 20 and 30. The pulses at
the beginning of the second are prolonged to 40 ms and
of the minute to 0.5 ms.
DUT1+dUT1: by double pulse.

(2)

RMW is the radiostation emitting DUT1 information in accordance with the ITU-R code and also giving an
additional information, dUT1, which specifies more precisely the difference UT1-UTC down to multiples of 0.02
s, the total value of the correction being DUT1+dUT1.
Positive values of dUT1 are transmitted by the marking of p second markers within the range between the 21
th
and 24 second so that dUT1 = +p X 0.02 s.

st

Negative values of dUT1 are transmitted by the marking of q second markers within the range between the 31
and 34

th

second, so that dUT1 = -q X 0.02 s.

st

92

Location
Station

STFS

Latitude

Frequency

Longitude

(kHz)

Sikandrabad

2 599 675

Schedule (UTC)

Form of the signal

continuous

Pulse width modulated binary coded 5 kHz pulses

India

carrying information on Indian Standard Time IST (UTC

28 28'N

+ 5 h 30 m), Time of Day and current position coordinates

77 13'E

of the satellite. Pulse repetition rate is 100 pps. The

above format is frequency modulated on the carrier.

TDF

Allouis

162

France

continuous, except every

Tuesday from 1 h to 5 h

Phase modulation of the carrier by +1 and -1 rd in 0.1 s

th
every second except the 59 second of each minute. This

47 10'N

modulation is doubled to indicate binary 1. The numbers

2 12'E

of the minute, hour, day of the month, day of the week,

month and year are transmitted each minute from the 21

st

th

to the 58 second, in accordance with the French legal

time scale. In addition, a binary 1 at the 17th second
indicates that the local time is 2 hours ahead of UTC
(summer time); a binary 1 at the 18

th

second indicates

that the local time is 1 hour ahead of UTC (winter time); a

binary 1 at the 14

th

second indicates that the current day

is a public holiday (Christmas, 14 July, etc...); a binary 1

th

at the 13 second indicates that the current day is a day

before a public holiday.

WWV

Fort-Collins

th

2 500

Second pulses are 1 000 Hz tones, 5 ms in duration. 29

th
and 59 second pulses omitted. Hour is identified by 0.8

CO, USA

5 000

40 41'N

10 000

105 2'W

15 000

identified by 0.8 second long 1 000 Hz tones.

20 000

DUT1: ITU-R code by double pulse. BCD time code given

continuous

second long 1 500 Hz tone. Beginning of each minute

on 100 Hz subcarrier, includes DUT1 correction.

WWVB

WWVH

Fort-Collins

60

continuous

Second pulses given by reduction of the amplitude of the

CO, USA

carrier, coded announcement of the date, time, DUT1

40 40'N

correction, daylight saving time in effect, leap year and

105 3'W

leap second.

Kauai

2 500

HI, USA

5 000

21 59'N

10 000

0.8 second long 1 500 Hz tone. Beginning of each minute

159 46'W

15 000

identified by 0.8 second long 1 200 Hz tones.

continuous

Second pulses are 1 200 Hz tones, 5 ms in duration.

th
th
29 and 59 second pulses omitted. Hour is identified by

DUT1: ITU-R code by double pulse. BCD time code given

on 100 Hz subcarrier, includes DUT1 correction.

93

ACCURACY OF THE CARRIER FREQUENCY

Station

BPM
CHU
DCF77
EBC
HBG
HLA
JJY
LOL
MIKES
MSF
RAB-99,RJH-63
RBU,RTZ
RJH-69, RJH-77
RJH-86, RJH-90
RWM
STFS
TDF
WWV
WWVB
WWVH

Relative
uncertainty of
the carrier
-10
frequency in 10

0.01
0.05
0.02
0.1
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.1
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.1
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01

94

TIME DISSEMINATION SERVICES

The following tables are based on information received at the BIPM in February and March 2011.

95
AUTHORITIES RESPONSIBLE FOR THE TIME DISSEMINATION SERVICES

AOS

Astrogeodynamical Observatory
Borowiec near Poznan
Space Research Centre P.A.S.
PL 62-035 Krnik - Poland

AUS

Length, Time and Optical Standards Section

National Measurement Institute
PO Box 264
Lindfield NSW 2070 - Australia

BelGIM

Belarusian State Institute of Metrology

National Standard for Time, Frequency and
Time-scale of the Republic of Belarus
Minsk, Minsk Region 220053 Belarus

BEV

Bundesamt fr Eich- und Vermessungswesen

Arltgasse 35
A-1160 Wien , Vienna - Austria

CENAM

Centro Nacional de Metrologa

km. 4.5 Carretera a Los Cus
El Marqus, Quertaro, C.P. 76246 - Mexico

CENAMEP

Centro Nacional de Metrologa de Panam AIP

CENAMEP AIP
Ciudad del Saber
Edif. 215 Panama

EIM

Hellenic Institute of Metrology

Electrical Measurements Department
Block 45, Industrial Area of Thessaloniki
PO 57022, Sindos
Thessaloniki, Greece

GUM

Time and Frequency Laboratory

Electrical Metrology Division
Gwny Urzd Miar Central Office of Measures
ul. Elektoralna 2
PL 00 950 Warszawa P10, Poland

HKO

Hong Kong Observatory

134A, Nathan Road
Kowloon, Hong Kong

INPL

National Physical Laboratory

Danciger A bldg
Givat - Ram, The Hebrew university
91904 Jerusalem, Israel

96

INRIM

Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica

Strada delle Cacce, 91
I 10135 Torino, Italy

KIM

Puslit Kalibrasi, Instrumentasi dan Metrologi -Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

Research Centre for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology -Indonesian Institute of Sciences
(Puslit KIM LIPI)
Kawasan PUSPIPTEK
Serpong Tangerang 15314 Banten - Indonesia

KRISS

Center for Time and Frequency

Division of Physical Metrology
Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science
267 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong Daejeon 305-340
Republic of Korea

KZ

Kazakhstan Institute for Metrology

Orynbor str., 11
Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan

LNE-SYRTE

Laboratoire National de Mtrologie et dEssais

Systmes de Rfrence Temps-Espace
Observatoire de Paris
61, avenue de lObservatoire, 75014 Paris France

LT

Time and Frequency Standard Laboratory

Center for Physical Sciences and Technology State Metrology Service
A. Gotauto 11
Vilnius LT01108, Lithuania

METAS

Federal Office of Metrology

Length, Optics and Time Section
Lindenweg 50
CH-3003 Bern-Wabern
Switzerland

MIKES

Centre for Metrology and Accreditation

Tekniikantie 1
FI-02150 Espoo - Finland

MSL

Measurement Standards Laboratory

Industrial Research
Gracefield Road
PO Box 31-310
Lower Hutt New Zealand

NAO

Time Keeping Office

Mizusawa VLBI Observatory
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
2-12, Hoshigaoka, Mizusawa, Oshu, Iwate 023-0861
Japan

97

NICT

Space-Time Standards Group

National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
4 -2 -1, Nukui-kitamachi
Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795 - Japan

NIM

Time & Frequency Laboratory

National Institute of Metrology
No. 18, Bei San Huan Dong Lu
Beijing 100013 - Peoples Republic of China

NIMB

Time and Frequency Laboratory

National Institute of Metrology
Sos. Vitan - Barzesti, 11
042122 Bucharest, Romania

NIMT

Time & Frequency Laboratory

National Institute of Metrology (Thailand)
3/5 Moo 3, Klong 5, Klong Luang,
Pathumthani 12120, Thailand

NIST

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Time and Frequency Division, 847.00
325 Broadway
Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA

NMIJ

Time and Frequency Division

National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), AIST
Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan

NMISA

Time and Frequency Laboratory

National Metrology Institute of South Africa
Private Bag X34
Lynnwood Ridge 0040 - South Africa

NMLS

Time and Frequency Laboratory

National Metrology Laboratory
SIRIM Berhad,
Lot PT 4803, Bandar Baru Salak Tinggi,
43900 Sepang - Malaysia

NPL

National Physical Laboratory

Time Quantum and Electromagnetics Division
Hampton Road
Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW
United Kingdom

NPLI

Time and Frequency Section

National Physical Laboratory
Dr.K.S.Krishnan Road
New Delhi 110012 - India

98

NRC

National Research Council of Canada

Institute for National Measurement Standards
Frequency and Time Standards
Bldg M-36, 1200 Montreal Rd.
Ottawa, Ontario, K1A OR6, Canada

NSC IM

Time and Frequency Section

National Scientific Center "Institute of Metrology"
Kharkov - Ukraine
Region 61002, Ukraine

NTSC

National Time Service Center

Chinese Academy of Sciences
3 East Shuyuan Rd, Lintong District, Xian
Shaanxi 710600, China

ONBA

Servicio de Hidrografa Naval

Observatorio Naval Buenos Aires
Servicio de Hora
Av. Espaa 2099
C1107AMA Buenos Aires, Argentina

ONRJ

Observatorio Nacional (MCT)

Diviso Servio da Hora
Rua General Jos Cristino, 77 So Cristovo
20921-400 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

ORB

Royal Observatory of Belgium

Avenue Circulaire, 3
B-1180 Brussels, Belgium

PTB

Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
Time and Frequency Department, WG 4. 42
Bundesallee 100
D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany

ROA

Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada

Cecilio Pujazn s/n
11.100 San Fernando
Cdiz, Spain

SG

National Metrology Centre

Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
1 Science Park Drive
118221 Singapore

SIQ

Slovenian Institute of Quality and Metrology

Metrology department
Trzaska ul. 2
1000 Ljubljana
Slovenia

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SP

SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden

Box 857
S-501 15 Bors
Sweden

TL

National Standard Time and Frequency Laboratory

Telecommunication Laboratories
Chunghwa Telecom. Co., Ltd.
No. 12, Ln.551, Ming-Tsu Road Sec. 5
Yang-Mei, Taoyuan, 326 Taiwan
Rep. of China

TP

Institute of Photonics and Electronics

Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
Chabersk 57, 182 51 Praha 8
Czech Republic

UME

Ulusal Metroloji Enstits

TUBITAK Gebze Yerleskesi,
National Metrology Institute
Gebze Kocaeli
Turkey

USNO

U.S. Naval Observatory

3450 Massachusetts Ave., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20392-5420
USA

VMI

Laboratory of Time and Frequency (TFL)

Vietnam Metrology Institute (VMI)
No 8, Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay Dist., Hanoi
Vietnam

VNIIFTRI

All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Physical

Technical and Radiotechnical Measurements,
Moscow Region 141570
Russia

VSL

VSL Dutch Metrology Institute

Postbus 654
2600 AR Delft
Netherlands

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TIME DISSEMINATION SERVICES

AOS

AOS Computer Time Service:

vega.cbk.poznan.pl (150.254.183.15)
Synchronization: NTP V3 primary (Caesium clock), PC Pentium,
RedHat Linux
Service Area: Poland/Europe
Access Policy: open access
Contact: Jerzy Nawrocki ([email protected])
Robert Diak ([email protected])
Full list of time dissemination services is available on:
http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/ntp/clock1.htm

AUS

Network Time Service

Computers connected to the Internet can be synchronized to UTC(AUS)
using the NTP protocol. The NTP servers are referenced to UTC(AUS)
either directly or via a GPS common view link.
Please see www.measurement.gov.au/time for information on access or
contact [email protected]
Dial-up Computer Time Service
Computers can also obtain time via a modem connection to our dialup
timeserver. For further information, please see our web pages as above.

BelGIM

Internet Time Service:

BelGIM operates one time server Stratum 1 using the
Network Time Protocol (NTP). The server host name is:
http://www.belgim.by (Stratum 1)

BEV

3 NTP servers are available; addresses:

bevtime1.metrologie.at
bevtime2.metrologie.at
time.metrologie.at
more information on http://www.metrologie.at
Provides a time dissemination service via phone and modem to
synchronize PC clocks.
Uses the Time Distribution System from TUG. It has a baud rate of 1200
and everyone can use it with no cost.
Access phone number is +43 (0) 1 211106381
The system will be updated periodically (DUT1, Leap Second).

CENAM

CENAM operates a voice automatic system that provides the local time
for three different time zones for Mxico; Central Time, Pacific Time and
Northwest Time as well the UTC(CNM). The access numbers are:
+52 442 211 0506: Central Time
+52 442 211 0507: Pacific Time
+52 442 211 0508: Northwest Time
+52 442 215 3902: UTC(CNM)
Telephone Code
CENAM provides a telephone code for setting time in computers. More
information about this service please contact J. Mauricio Lpez at
[email protected]

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Network Time Protocol
Operates one time server using the "Network Time Protocol", it is located
at the Centro Nacional de Metrologa, Quertaro, Mxico. Further
information at http://www.cenam.mx/hora_oficial/
Web-based time-of-day clock that displays local time for Mxico time
zones. Referenced to CENAM Internet Time Service. Available at
http://www.cenam.mx/hora_oficial/
Transmission of voice by radio in Mexico City to more than 20 million
inhabitants. The voice messages are transmitted every minute, 24 hours
a day, every day of the year, by the radio station XEQK, whose signal is
at 1350 kHz amplitude modulated (AM).

CENAMEP

Network Time Server

A Stratum 1 time server is used to synchronize computer networks of
the government institutions and companies in the private sector using
the NTP protocol. To access the Network time service send an email to
[email protected]
Web Clock
A web clock is used to display the time of day in real time. To access
the Web Clock, enter the link http://horaexacta.cenamep.org.pa/
Voice Time Server
An assembly of computers provides the local time. To access the voice
time service, call to the telephone numbers (507) 5173201
(507) 5173202 and (507) 5173203

EIM

Internet Time Service

EIM operates a time server using the "Network Time
Protocol" (NTP). The address hercules.eim.gr is also accessible through
IP address 79.129.72.250. This route is offered under an open policy.
The server uses the 10 MHz signal from our primary standard as
reference and is synchronized with UTC(EIM). The same server is
accessible under restrictions through a different IP address by using a
dedicated internet connection, for specific organizations.

GUM

Telephone Time Service providing the European time code by

telephone modem for setting time in computers. Includes provision for
compensation of propagation time delay.
Access phone number : +48 22 654 88 72
Network Time Service
Two NTP servers are available:
tempus1.gum.gov.pl
tempus2.gum.gov.pl
with an open access policy. It provides synchronization to UTC(PL).
Contact: [email protected]

HKO

Web Clock Service

HKO operates web-based time-of-day clocks that display Hong Kong
Standard Time (=UTC(HKO) + 8 h)
Available at:
1. for PCs:
http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/HKSTime.htm
2. for mobile devices: http://pda.hko.gov.hk/clocke.htm
3. as Google gadget: http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/HKOclock_e.htm

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Speaking Clock Service
HKO operates an automatic Dial-a-weather System that provides voice
announcement of Hong Kong Standard Time.
Access phone number: +852 1878200
(when connected, press 3, 6, 1 in sequence)
Network Time Service
HKO operates network time service using Network Time Protocol (NTP).
Host name of the NTP servers: stdtime.gov.hk
Further information at http://www.hko.gov.hk/nts/ntime.htm

INPL

INPL is providing two electronic time dissemination services:

1. via telephone. The user must download a program from INPL
ftp site (vms.huji.ac.il)
2. NTS via optic fiber to the Hebrew University which provides time on
the internet. For details email [email protected]

INRIM

CTD Telephone Time Code

Time signals dissemination, according to the European Time code
format, available via modem on regular dial-up connection.
Access phone numbers : 0039 011 3919 263 and 0039 011 3919 264.
Provides a synchronization to UTC(IT) for computer clocks without
compensation for the propagation time.
Software for the synchronization of computer clocks is available on
INRIM home page (www.inrim.it).
Internet Time Service
INRIM operates two time servers using the "Network Time Protocol"
(NTP); host names of the servers are ntp1.inrim.it and ntp2.inrim.it.
More information on this service can be found on the web pages:
www.inrim.it/ntp/index_i.shtml.
SRC (Segnale RAI Codificato) coded time signal broadcasted 20 30
times per day by Radio Uno and Radio Tre FM radio stations of the
national broadcasting company RAI.
Web-based time-of-day clock that displays UTC or local time for Italy
(Central Europe Time), referenced to INRIM Internet Time Service.
Provides snapshot of time with any web browser. A continuous time
display requires a web browser with Java plug-in installed. Service
available at www.inrim.it/ntp/webclock_i.shtml.

KIM

Network Time Protocol (NTP) Service

The NTP time information referenced to UTC(KIM) is generated by
Stratum-1 NTP server at
URL: ntp.kim.lipi.go.id or IP: 203.160.128.178
The server also provide time service using Daytime Protocol, and Time
Protocol.

KRISS

Telephone Time Service

Provides digital time code to synchronize computer clocks to Korea
Standard Time (=UTC(KRIS) + 9 h) via modem.
Access phone numbers: + 82 42 863 7117, + 82 42 868 5116
Network Time Service
KRISS operates three time servers using the NTP to synchronize
computer clocks to Korea Standard Time via the Internet.
Host name of the server : time.kriss.re.kr (210.98.16.100)
Software for the synchronization of computer clocks is available at
http://www.kriss.re.kr

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KZ

Network Time Service

Stratum-1 time server using the "Network Time Protocol" (NTP).
Restricted access.
Startum-2 time server using the "Network Time Protocol" (NTP).
Free access.
Stratum-2 is available: uakyt.kz
Web-based Time Services:
A real-time clock aligned to UTC(KZ) and corrected for internet
transmission delay.
Web-page http://uakyt.kz
Six-pip time signals are broadcasted by FM radio stations hourly every
day.

LNE-SYRTE

LNE-SYRTE operates one primary time server using the Network

Time Protocol (NTP) :
Hostname: ntp-p1.obspm.fr
Futher information at: http://syrte.obspm.fr/informatique/ntp_infos.php

LT

Network Time Service via NTP protocol

NTP v3
DNS: laikas.pfi.lt
Port 123
Synchronization from caesium clock (1 pps)
System: Datum TymeServe 2100 NTP server
Access policy: free
Contact: Rimantas Mikinis
Mail: [email protected]
http://www.pfi.lt/metrology/

METAS

Telephone Time Service

The coded time string (compliant to the European Time
Code format) is referenced to UTC(CH) and generated by
a TUG type time code generator.
Access phone numbers: +41 31 323 32 25, +41 31 323 47 00.
Network Time Protocol
METAS operates public NTP servers in free access.
Host names:
ntp.metas.ch
ntp11.metas.ch
ntp12.metas.ch
More information at http://www.metas.ch and http://www.ntp.org

MIKES

MIKES provides an official stratum-1 level service to paying

organizations and institutions. Stratum-2 level service, which MIKES
acquires from a commercial service provider, is freely available for
everyone. MIKES does not take responsibility for the public service, but
servers providing the public service are syncronized to the stratum-1
level servers of MIKES.
Stratum-1 NTP servers (official service)
ntp2.mikes.fi
195.255.132.229 Synchronized to UTC(MIKE)
ntp4.mikes.fi
195.255.132.231 Synchronized to UTC(GPS)
ntp1.mikes.funet.fi 193.166.4.49
Synchronized to UTC(MIKE)
ntp2.mikes.funet.fi 193.166.4.50
Synchronized to UTC(GPS)
Stratum-2 NTP servers (public service)
time1.mikes.fi
time2.mikes.fi
Further information can be found from www.mikes.fi.

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MSL

Network Time Service

Computers connected to the Internet can be synchonized to UTC(MSL)
using the NTP protocol. Access is available for users within New
Zealand. Two servers are available at
msltime1.irl.cri.nz and msltime2.irl.cri.nz
Telephone Time Service
A dial up computer time setting service for linking computers to
UTC(MSL). The service uses a time code specific to New Zealand.
Because it is a pay service, access is restricted to callers within
New Zealand.
Speaking Clock
A speaking clock gives New Zealand time. Because it is a pay service,
access is restricted to callers within New Zealand.
Further information about these services can be found at
http://msl.irl.cri.nz/services/time/index.html

NAO

Network Time Service

Three stratum 2 NTP servers are available. The NTP servers
internally refer stratum 1 NTP server that is linked to UTC(NAO).
One of the three stratum 2 NTP servers are selected automatically
by a round-robin DNS server to reply for an NTP access.
The server host name is s2csntp.miz.nao.ac.jp.

NICT

Telephone Time Service (TTS)

NICT provides digital time code accessible by computer at
300/1200/2400 bps, 8 bits, no parity.
Access number to the lines: + 81 42 327 7592.
Network Time Service (NTS)
NICT operates a Stratum 1 NTP time server linked to UTC(NICT)
through a leased line.
Internet Time Service (ITS)
NICT operates five Stratum 1 NTP time servers linked to UTC(NICT)
through the Internet.
Host name of the servers: ntp.nict.jp (Round robin).
GPS common view data
NICT provides the GPS common view data based on UTC(NICT) to the
time business service in Japan.

NIM

Telephone Time Service

The coded time information generated by NIM time code generator,
referenced to UTC(NIM). Telephone Code provides digital time code
at 1200 to 9600 bauds, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit.
Access phone number: 8610 6422 9086.
Network Time Service
Provides digital time code across the Internet using NTP.

NIMB(1)

2 NTP servers are available:

Addresses: ntp.oraoficiala.ro (STRATUM 2) with an open access policy
ntp.inm.ro (STRATUM 1) with restricted access policy.
Both NTP servers are referenced to UTC (NIMB).

(1) NIMB no longer offers time disssemination services for the moment, due to time servers problems.

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NIMT

3 NTP servers are available:

Addresses: time1.nimt.or.th
time2.nimt.or.th
time3.nimt.or.th
The NTP servers are referenced to UTC(NIMT)

NIST

Automated Computer Time Service (ACTS)

Provides digital time code by telephone modem for setting time in
computers. Free software and source code available for download from
NIST.
Includes provision for calibration of telephone time delay.
Access phone numbers : +1 303 494 4774 (12 phone lines) and
+1 808 335 4721 (4 phone lines).
Further information at http://www.nist.gov/pml/div688/grp40/acts.cfm
Internet Time Service (ITS)
Provides digital time code across the Internet using three different
protocols: Network Time Protocol (NTP), Daytime Protocol, and Time
Protocol. (Time Protocol is not supported by all servers)
Geographically distributed set of 24 time servers at 19 locations within
the United States of America. Free software and source code available
for download from NIST.Further information at
http://www.nist.gov/pml/div688/grp40/its.cfm
Web-based time-of-day clock that displays UTC or local time for United
States time zones. Referenced to NIST Internet Time Service. Provides
snapshot of time with any web browser, but continuously running time
display requires web browser with Java plug-in installed. Available at
http://www.time.gov (in cooperation with the United States Naval
Observatory), and at http://nist.time.gov
Telephone voice announcement: Audio portions of radio broadcasts
from time and frequency stations WWV and WWVH can be heard by
telephone: +1 303 499 7111 for WWV and +1 808 335 4363 for WWVH

NMIJ

GPS common-view data

GPS common-view data using CGGTTS format referred to UTC(NMIJ)
are available through the NMIJ's web site for the remote frequency
calibration service.

NMISA

Network Time Service

One open access NTP server is available at address time.nmisa.org.
More information is available at http://www.nmisa.org/time.html

NMLS

Telephone Time Service

The coded time information is referenced to UTC(NMLS) and generated
by a TUG type telephone time code generator using an ASCII-character
code. The time protocols are sent in the "European Telephone Time
Code" format. The service phone number is +60 3 8778 1674. Current
service status is free of charge. Fees are made only on the provision of
the software for accessing the service via modem dial-up.
Network Time Protocol (NTP) Service
The NTP time information is referenced to UTC(NMLS) and is currently
generated by two Stratum-1 NTP servers, made available for public
freely. The NTP server host names are ntp1.sirim.my and ntp2.sirim.my.

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NPL

Telephone Time Service

A TUG time code generator provides the European Telephone Time
Code, referenced to UTC(NPL), by telephone modem.
Software for synchronising computers is available from the NPL web site
at www.npl.co.uk/time. The service telephone number is 0906 851 6333.
Note: this is a premium rate number and can only be accessed from
within the UK.
Internet Time Service
Two servers referenced to UTC(NPL) provide Network Time Protocol
(NTP) time code across the internet.
More information is available from the NPL web site at
www.npl.co.uk/time. The server host names are:
ntp1.npl.co.uk
ntp2.npl.co.uk

NPLI

Telephone Time Service

The coded time information generated by time code generator of NPLI,
referenced to UTC(NPLI). Telephone Code provides digital time code
(for the current time of Indian standard Time) at 1200 bauds, 8 bits, no
parity, 1 stop bit. This service is known as TELECLOCK Service.
Accessible by :
a. an NPLI-developed Teleclock Receiver already available in the
market.
b. a Computer through Telephone Modem and NPLI-developed
software.
One-way Geostationary Satellite Time Service.

NRC

Telephone Code
Provides digital time code by telephone modem for setting time in
computers. Access phone number : +1 613 745 3900.
http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/inms/time-services/time-date.html
Talking Clock Service
Voice announcements of Eastern Time are at ten-second interval
followed by a tone to indicate the exact time.
The service is available to the public in English at +1 613 745 1576 and
in French at +1 613 745 9426. For more information see:
http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/inms/time-services/timebroadcast.html
Web Clock Service
The Web Clock shows dynamic clocks in each Canadian Time zone, for
both Standard time and daylight saving time. The web page is at:
http://time5.nrc.ca/webclock_e.shtml.
Network Time Protocol
Operates two time servers using the " Network Time Protocol ", each
one being on different location and network. Host names :
time.nrc.ca and time.chu.nrc.ca. Further information at:
http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/inms/time-services/networktime.html

NSC IM

Network Time Service.

Computers connected to the Internet can be synchronized to UTC(UA)
using NTP protocol. NTP servers are referenced to UTC(UA) directly.
Link to Time server: ntpd.metrology.kharkov.ua
or IP address: 81.17.128.133.
More information on http://www.metrology.kharkov.ua.

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NTSC

Network Time Service (NTS)

NTSC operates a time server directly referenced to UTC(NTSC) + 8 h.
Software for the synchronization of computer clocks is available on the
NTSC Time and Frequency web page : http://time.ntsc.ac.cn
Access Policy: free
Contact: Shaowu DONG ([email protected]).

ONBA

Speaking clock access phone number 113 (only accessible in

Argentina).
Hourly and half hourly radio-broadcast time signal.
Internet time service at web site www.hidro.gov.ar/hora/hora.asp

ONRJ

Telephone Voice Announcer (55) 21 25806037.

Telephone Code (55) 21 25800677 provides digital time code at
300 bauds, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit (Leitch CSD5300)
Internet Time Service at the address : 200.20.186.75 and
200.20.186.94
SNTP at port 123
Time/UDP at port 37
Time/TCP at port 37
Daytime/TCP at port 13
WEB-based Time Services:
1) A real-time clock aligned to UTC(ONRJ) and corrected for internet
transmission delay.
Further information at: http://200.20.186.71/asp/relogio/horainicial.asp
2) Voice Announcer, in Portuguese, each ten seconds, after download
of the Web page at: http://200.20.186.71.
Broadcast brazilian legal time (UTC 3 hours) announced by a lady
voice starting with Observatrio Nacional followed by the current time
(hh:mm:ss) each ten seconds with a beep for each second with a 1KHz
modulation during 5ms and a long beep with 1KHz modulation during
200ms at the 58 , 59 and 00 seconds. The signal is transmitted every
day of the year by the radio station PPE, whose signal is at 10 MHz with
kind of modulation A3H and HF transmission power of 1 kW.

ORB

Network Time Service via NTP protocol

Hostname : ntp1.oma.be and ntp2.oma.be
Access policy : free
Synchronization to UTC(ORB)
Contact : [email protected]
Information on the web pages
http://www.observatoire.be/D1/TIME/ntp_en.htm
ORB provides a time dissemination via phone and modem
to synchronize PC clocks on UTC(ORB). The system used
is the Time Distribution System from TUG, which produces
the telephone time code mostly used in Europe.
The baud rate used is 1200. The access phone number is
32 (0) 2 373 03 20. The system is updated periodically with
DUT1 and leap seconds

PTB

Telephone Time Service

The coded time information is referenced to UTC(PTB) and generated by
a TUG type time code generator using an ASCII-character code.
The time protocols are sent in a common format, the European
Telephone Time Code . Access phone number : +49 531 51 20 38 .

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Internet Time Service
The PTB operates three time servers using the Network Time Protocol
(NTP), see http://www.ptb.de/en/org/q/q4/q42/_index.htm for details
and explanations.
Host names of the servers:
ptbtime1.ptb.de
ptbtime2.ptb.de
ptbtime3.ptb.de
ROA

Telephone Code
The coded time information is referenced to UTC(ROA) and generated
by a TUG type time code generator using an ASCII-character code. The
time protocols are sent in a common format, the "European Telephone
Time Code". Access phone number : +34 956 599 429
Network Time Protocol
Server : hora.roa.es
Synchonized to UTC(ROA) better than 10 microseconds
Service policy : free
Server : ntp0.roa.es
Synchonized to UTC(ROA) better than 10 microseconds
Service policy : restricted
Note : server used as prototype to check new software, hardware, etc.

SG

Website: http://www.SingaporeStandardTime.org.sg.
Automated Computer Time Service (ACTS)
Transmits digital time code (NIST format) via telephone modem for
setting time in computers. The coded time information is referenced to
UTC(SG). Includes provision for correcting telephone time delay.
Free software available for downloading from the website.
Access phone number : +65 67799978.
Network Time Service (NeTS)
Transmits digital time code via the Internet using three protocols Time Protocol, Daytime Protocol and Network Time Protocol.
Free software available for downloading from the website. Operates two
time servers at addresses nets.org.sg and 203.117.180.35.
Web-based time service:
Displays a real time clock referenced to NeTS. User-selectable display
of local time (adjusted for daylight saving) of any major city worldwide
and time difference information between any two cities.
Further information is available at the website.

SIQ

Internet Time Service (Network Time Protocol)

One server referenced to UTC(SIQ) provides Network Time Protocol
(NTP) time code across the internet.
There is a free access to the server for all users.
The server host names are:ntp.siq.si or time.siq.si
(two URLs for the same server; IP: 194.249.234.70)

SP

Telephone Time Service

The coded time information is referenced to UTC(SP) and generated by
two TUG type time code generators using an ASCII-character code.
The time protocols are sent in a common format, the
"European Telephone Time Code".
Access phone number: +46 33 41 57 83
Internet Time Service
The coded time information is referenced to UTC(SP) and
generated by two NTP servers using the Network Time
Protocol (NTP). Access host names : ntp1.sp.se and ntp2.sp.se

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Speaking Clock
The speaking clock service is operated by Telia AB in Sweden.
The time announcement is referenced to UTC(SP) and disseminated
from a computer based system operated and maintained at SP.
Access phone number : 90510 (only accessible in Sweden).
Access phone number : +4633 90510 (from outside Sweden).
More information about these services are found at the web site
www.sp.se
TL

Speaking Clock Service

Traceable to UTC(TL). Broadcast through PSTN (Public Switching
Telephone Network) automatically and provides accurate voice time
signal to public users.
The Computer Time Service
Provides digital time code by telephone modem for setting time in
computers. Access phone number : +886 3 4245117.
IRIG-B time code service
Provides IRIG-B Modulated time code via a dial-up phone connection.
No need of any kind of modem. Access phone number: +886 3 4203090
NTP Service
TL operates a time server using the "Network Time Protocol (NTP).
Host name of the server : time.stdtime.gov.tw
Further information at http://www.stdtime.gov.tw/english/e-home.htm

TP

Internet Time Service

IPE operates a time server directly referenced to UTC(TP).
Time information is accessible through Network Time Protocol (NTP).
Server host name: time.ufe.cz
More information at http://www.ufe.cz/time

UME

Telephone Time Service

Providing the European time code that is referenced to UTC(UME) by
telephone modem for setting computer time. Includes compensation of
propagation time delay. More information for this service please contact
to [email protected].
Access phone number : +90 262 679 50 24
Network Time Service
UME operates an NTP server referenced to UTC(UME).
Host server name : time.ume.tubitak.gov.tr

USNO

Telephone Voice Announcer +1 202 762-1401

Backup voice announcer: +1 719 567-6742
Telephone Code +1 202 762-1594
provides digital time code at 1200 baud, 8 bits, no parity
GPS via subframe 4 page 18 of the GPS broadcast navigation message
Web site for time and for data files: http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/
Network Time Protocol (NTP) see
http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/time/ntp
for software and site closest to you.

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VMI

Network Time Service

VMI operates one time server Stratum 1 using the Network Time
Protocol (NTP). For information on access the website, please
contact to email [email protected]. The server host name is:
http://standardtime.vmi.gov.vn/

VNIIFTRI

Internet Time Service

VNIIFTRI operates three time servers Stratum 1and one time server
Stratum 2 using the Network Time Protocol (NTP).
The server host names are:
ntp1.vniiftri.ru (Stratum 1)
ntp2.vniiftri.ru (Stratum 1)
ntp3.vniiftri.ru (Stratum 1)
ntp21.vniiftri.ru (Stratum 2).

VSL

Internet Time Service

VSL operates a time server directly referenced to UTC(VSL).
Time information is accessible through Network Time Protocol (NTP).
The URL for the NTP server is: ntp.vsl.nl