Meteo ROLOGIA

"Detached clouds in the form of white, delicate filaments or white or mostly white patches or narrow
bands. These clouds have fibrous (hair-like) appearance, or a silky sheen, or both." CIRRUS
8/8 stratus base 200 FT/AGL is observed at sunrise at an aerodrome in the north of France; the QNH
is 1028 hPa and there is a variable wind of 3 kt. What change in these clouds is likely at 1200 UTC in
summer and winter? WINTER: OVC. BASE 500 FT/AGL; SUMMER: SCT, BASE 3000
FT/AGL
A blocking anticyclone in the northern hemisphere is: A WARM ANTICYCLONE/QUASI
STATIONARY/SITUATED BETWEEN 50N AND 70N
A Cb with thunderstorm has reached the mature stage. Which statement is correct? IN
TEMPERATURES LOWER THAN -23C ICING IS STILL POSSIBLE
A cold air pool can be best identified by means of: THE ISOHYPSES ON AN UPPER AIR
CHART
A cold air pool: IS USUALLY MOST EVIDENT IN THE CIRCULATION AND
TEMPERATURE FIELDS OF THE MIDDLE TROPOSPHERE AND MAY SHOW LITTLE
OR NO SIGN ON A SURFACE CHART
A conditionally unstable air mass is forced to ascend a mountain slope. What type of clouds can be
expected? CLOUDS WITH CONSIDERABLE VERTICAL DEVELOPMENT AND
ASSOCIATED TURBULENCE
A convergence line is indicated by: NUMBER 1
A cumulonimbus cloud at mid-latitudes in summer contains: ICE CRYSTALS, WATER
ROPLETS AND SUPERCOOLED WATER DROPLETS
A cumulus congestus is: A CUMULUS THAT IS OF GREAT VERTICAL EXTENT
A dry, sand- and dust-laden North Easterly wind that blows in winter over large parts of North West
Africa is known as a: HARMATTAN
A flight is to depart from an airport with runways 09 and 27. Surface wind is 270/05; an inversion is
reported at 300 feet with turbulence and wind shear. The wind just above the inversion is 090/30.
What is the safest departure procedure ? DEPART ON RUNWAY 09 WITH A TAILWIND
A flight with a jet aeroplane from Munich to London is planned with a departure time of 2250 local
time. Which type of satellite imagery available with observation time close to ETD is best to locate
the clouds and the exact position of a cold front forecast for this night over Western Europe?
INFRARED (IR), POLAR ORBITING
A Foehn wind occurs on the: LEEWARD SIDE OF A MOUNTAIN RANGE AND IS CAUSED
BY SIGNIFICANT MOISTURE LOSS BY PRECIPITATION FROM CLOUD
A given mass of air is saturated with water vapour (no condensed water). If temperature increases:
THE AMOUNT OF WATER VAPOUR REMAINS CONSTANT
A gust front is: FORMED BY THE COLD AIR OUTFLOW FROM A THUNDERSTORM
A high pressure area (slack pressure gradient) covers part of the Mediterranean Sea and coastal
region during the summer. What surface wind direction is likely at an airport at the coast on a sunny
afternoon? SEA TO LAND
A katabatic wind blows: DOWN THE SLOPE DURING THE NIGHT
A layer can be: STABLE FOR UNSATURATED AIR AND UNSTABLE FOR SATURATED
AIR
A layer in which the temperature decreases with 1C per 100m increasing altitude is: NEUTRAL
FOR DRY AIR
A layer in which the temperature increases with height is: ABSOLUTELY STABLE
A layer in which the temperature remains constant with height is: ABSOLUTELY STABLE
A layer is absolutely unstable if the temperature decrease with height is: MORE THAN 1C PER
100M
A layer is conditionally unstable if the air: IS UNSTABLE FOR SATURATED AIR AND
STABLE FOR DRY AIR
A layer of stratus is most likely to be dispersed by: INSOLATION RESULTING IN THE
LIFTING OF THE MIXING CONDENSATION LEVEL
A METAR message is valid: AT THE TIME OF THE OBSERVATION
A microburst phenomenon can arise in the: DOWNDRAUGHT OF A CUMULONIMBUS AT
THE MATURE STAGE
A microburst with its damaging winds at the surface: HAS A DIAMETER UP TO 4 KM
A moist but unsaturated parcel of air becomes saturated by: LIFTING THE PARCEL TO A
HIGHER LEVEL
A moist, stable layer of air is forced to rise against a mountain range and the stability does not
change. Which of the following phenomena may develop? STRATIFIED CLOUDS
A night in January has been cold and clear. In the forenoon of the next day an airfield is in IMC due
to fog which extends to a height of 700 ft. A heavily laden aircraft departs and, when breaking
through the top of the fog, experiences temporary bumpiness and a sudden decrease in climb rate.;
Mark the answer that states the most probable reason for the altered aircraft performance: THE
AIRCRAFT SUFFERS REDUCED LIFT AND THRUST DUE TO A TEMPERATURE
INVERSION AT THE TOP OF THE FOG
A non-occluded frontal wave passes the airport. What form of precipitation do you expect ?
CONTINUOUS RAIN OR SNOW DURING SEVERAL HOURS UNTIL THE WARM FRONT
ARRIVES. THE PRECIPITATION STOPS FOR SEVERAL HOURS OR BECOMES
INTERMITTENT LIGHT WITHIN THE WARM SECTOR. ON THE ARRIVAL OF THE
COLD FRONT, SHOWERS WILL OCCUR.
A parcel of rising air stays unsaturated. Which of the following statements is correct? RELATIVE
HUMIDITY INCREASES, TEMPERATURE DECREASES
A parcel of unsaturated air is forced to rise through an isothermal layer. So long as it remains
unsaturated, the temperature of the parcel: DECREASES 1C PER 100M
A parcel of unsaturated air is lifted to just below the condensation level and then returned to its
original level. What is the final temperature of the parcel of air? THE SAME AS THE STARTING
TEMPERATURE
A pilot is warned of severe icing at certain flight levels by information supplied in: SWC AND
SIGMET
A plain in Western Europe with an average elevation of 500 m (1600 FT) above sea level is covered
with a uniform AC layer of cloud during the summer months. At what height above the ground is the
base of this cloud to be expected? 7000-15000 FT ABOVE THE TERRAIN
A plain in Western Europe with an average height of 500 m (1600 FT) above sea level is covered
with a uniform CC layer of cloud during the summer months. At what height above the ground is the
base of this cloud to be expected? 15000-35000 FT ABOVE THE TERRAIN
A plain in Western Europe with an average height of 500 m (1600 FT) above sea level is covered
with a uniform SC layer of cloud during the summer months. At what height above the ground is the
base of this cloud to be expected? 1500-7000 FT ABOVE THE GROUND
A sample of moist but unsaturated air may become saturated by: EXPANDING IT
ADIABATICALLY
A small supercooled cloud droplet that collides with an airfoil will most likely: FREEZE
INMEDIATELY AND CREATE RIME ICE
A SPECI is: AN AVIATION SPECIAL WEATHER REPORT
A special air-report: MAY TRIGGER A SIGMET MESSAGE
A stationary front is a front in which: THERE IS NO HORIZONTAL MOTION
PERPENDICULAR TO THE FRONT
A stationary observer in the northern hemisphere is situated in front of a depression. The centre of
the depression passes from west to east and south of the observer. For this observer the wind:
BACKS
A strong, dry and warm downslope wind, produced by prior enforced ascent of air over hills or
mountains is known as a: FOEHN
A super-cooled droplet is: A DROPLET STILL IN LIQUID STATE AT A TEMPERATURE
BELOW 0C
A surface based inversion is a characteristic of: NOCTURNAL RADIATION DURING CLEAR
NIGHTS
A temperature inversion indicates a state of the atmosphere which is: ABSOLUTELY STABLE
A temperature of +15C is recorded at an altitude of 500 metres above sea level. If the vertical
temperature gradient is that of a standard atmosphere, what will the temperature be at the summit of a
mountain, 2500 metres above sea level? +2C
A trough near the surface is an area of: CONVERGENCE AND WIDESPREAD ASCENT
A vertical spacing of 1000 FT is the standard required separation between two FL. Under conditions
of cold air advection (ISA -15C), what would the true vertical separation be? LESS THAN 1000 FT
A vertical temperature profile indicates the possibility of severe icing when the temperature profile:
INTERSECTS THE 0C ISOTHERM TWICE
A wide body takes off on a clear night in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Shortly after take off the aircraft's
rate of climb drops to zero. This can be due to: A VERY STRONG TEMPERATURE
INVERSION
A wind of 20 knots corresponds to an approximate speed of: 10 M/SEC
A wind sounding in the region of a polar front jet stream gives the following windprofile (Northern
hemisphere).; 900hPa 220/20kt ; 800hPa 220/25kt ; 700hPa 230/35kt ; 500hPa 260/60kt ; 400hPa
280/85kt; 300hPa 300/100kt; 250hPa 310/120kt ; 200hPa 310/80kt; Which system is the jet stream
associated with? WITH A WARM FRONT
A wind speed of 350 kt within a jet stream core should be world-wide regarded as: POSSIBLE BUT
A VERY RARE PHENOMENON
A winter day in northern Europe with a thick layer of stratocumulus clouds and temperature close to
zero degrees C at ground level, you can expect: A HIGHT PROBABILITY FOR ICING IN
CLOUDS. SEVERE ICING MAY OCCUR IN THE UPPER PART DUE TO
ACCUMULATION OF LARGE DROPLETS
A zone of strong convection currents is encountered during a flight. In spite of moderate gust you
decide to continue the flight. What are your precautionary measures? DECREASE THE
SPEED/TRY TO CLIMB ABOVE THE ZONE OF CONVECTIVE CURRENTS IF
AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS ALLOW
About ten identical clouds are in the sky, well isolated from one another, dense, with well defined
contours, developping vertically in a cauliflower shape. The side of these clouds lit by the sun is
bright white. Their base, relatively dark, is essentially horizontal and at FL 30, and their tops at FL
150. These clouds are: TOWERING CUMULUS
Above and below a low level inversion the wind is likely to: CHANGE SIGNIFICANTLY IN
SPEED AND DIRECTION
Absolute instability in the atmosphere will occur when the environmental lapse rate is: GREATER
THAN BOTH SATURATED ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE AND DRY ADIABATIC LAPSE
RATE
Absolute instability is said to exist whenever the environmental lapse rate: EXCEEDS THE DRY
ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE
According to ICAO, which symbol indicates a severe line squall ? SYMBOL A)
According to ICAO, which symbol indicates a tropical revolving storm? SYMBOL C)
According to ICAO, which symbol indicates danger to an aircraft flying according to instrument
flight rules (IFR) ? SYMBOL 3
According to ICAO, which symbol indicates danger to an aircraft flying according to instrument
flight rules (IFR)? SYMBOL 2
According to ICAO, which symbol indicates severe icing ? SYMBOL D
According to ICAO, which symbol indicates widespread haze ? SYMBOL B)
According to ISA the temperature in the lower part of the stratosphere: IS CONSTANT WITH
ALTITUDE
According to the extract of the surface isobar map, the surface wind direction over the sea is
approximately: 140
Advection fog can be formed when: WARM MOIST AIR FLOWS OVER A COLDER
SURFACE
Advection fog is most likely to form when: A MILD MOIST AIRSTREAM FLOWS OVER
SNOW COVERED GROUND AND THE WIND SPEED IS LESS THAN 10 KT
Advection is: HORIZONTAL MOTION OF AIR
Advection of very cold air over a warm sea current can cause: STEAMING FOG
After a clear night cumuliform clouds are formed in the morning. Why can the base of these clouds
become higher during the day? BECAUSE THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE INCREASES
After a prolonged VMC descent in very cold air, you penetrate a humid air mass. What type of icing
will you encounter? HOAR FROST
After a sunny day, followed by a long clear night, you take-off from an airfield at mid-latitudes an
hour before sunrise. The field is not situated close to the coast. Though the pressure gradient is rather
large, the easterly surface wind is weak and makes: A SUDDEN STRONG INCREASE IN WIND
SPEED AND STRONG VEERING OF THE WIND A SHORT TIME AFTER TAKE-OFF
After landing at an aerodrome (aerodrome elevation 1715 FT), the altimeter indicates an altitude of
1310 FT. The altimeter is set to the pressure value of 1013 hPa. What is the QNH at this aerodrome?
1028 HPA
After landing at an aerodrome (QNH 993 hPa) it is noticed that the altimeter is still set to 1013,2 hPa
and that it reads 1200 feet. What is the elevation of the aerodrome above mean sea level ? 660 FEET
After passing at right angles through a very active cold front in the direction towards the cold air,
what will you encounter at FL 50, in the northern hemisphere immediately after a marked change in
temperature? A VEERING IN THE WIND DIRECTION
Ahead of a warm front (northern hemisphere) the wind direction changes from the surface up to the
tropopause. The effect of this change is that the wind: VEERS IN THE FRICTION LAYER AND
VEERS ABOVE THE FRICTION LAYER

Air masses which are being cooled from below are often characterized by: FOG, POOR
VISIBILITY AND LAYERED COUDS
All pilots encountering Clear Air Turbulence are requested to report it. You experience CAT which
causes passengers and crew to feel definite strain against their seat belt or shoulders straps.
Unsecured objects are dislodged. Food service and walking are difficult. This should be reported as:
MODERATE
Along the West coast of India the prevailing winds are the: SW MONSOON IN KULY AND A NE
MONSOON IN JANUARY
Altostratus clouds are classified as: MEDIUM LEVEL CLOUDS
An aerodrome warning message gives information, among other things, about: TS; SN
INCLUDING THE EXPECTED OR OBSERVED SNOW ACCUMULATION; HOAR FROST
An aeroplane flies at flight level 40. Elevation of the aerodrome: 990 ft; QNH 976 hPa. The tower
clears the pilot to fly at 3000 ft QNH. Which of the following statements is correct? ONLY A
SMALL CHANGE OF ALTITUDE IS NECESSARY.
An air mass acquires its basic properties: BY STAGNITION OF THE AIR FOG A LONG
PERIOD OF TIME OVER AREAS HAVING PARTICULAR CHARACTERISTICS
An air mass is called stable when: THE VERTICAL MOTION OF RISING AIR TENDS TO
BECOME WEAKER AND DISAPPEARS
An air mass is stable when: LIFTED AIR RETURNS TO ITS ORIGINAL LEVEL
An air mass is unstable when: AN ASCENDING PARCEL OF AIR CONTINUES TO RISE TO
A CONSIDERABLE HEIGHT
An air mass is: AN EXTENSIVE BODY OF AIR WITHIN WHICH THE TEMPERATURE
AND HUMIDITY IN HORIZONTAL PLANES ARE PRACTICALLY UNIFORM
An air mass which originates over the North Atlantic between 50 and 70 degrees north and is
moving in over Scandinavia is called: MARITIME POLAR AIR
An air temperature of -15C at the 700 hPa level over central Europe in summer is: LOW
An air temperature of -30C at the 300 hPa level over central Europe in summer is: HIGH
An air temperature of -55C at the 200 hPa level over central Europe in summer is: WITHIN +/5C OF ISA
An airborne weather radar installation makes it possible to detect the location of: ZONES OF
PRECIPITATION, PARTICULARY LIQUID-STATE PRECIPITATIOM, AND ALSO THEIR
INTENSITY
An aircraft descends in layered clouds; the freezing level is situated at FL 60. At what levels is the
probability for airframe icing the highest? BETWEEN FL 120 AND FL 60
An aircraft descents in layered clouds; the freezing level is situated at FL 60. At what levels is the
probability for airframe icing the highest? BETWEEN FL 120 AND FL 60
An aircraft encounters atmospheric conditions in which abrupt changes of attitude and altitude of the
aircraft occur. Changes in accelerometer readings go up to 1.2 g measured at the aircraft's centre of
gravity. Lose objects inside the aircraft are tossed about. ; Which report, if any, is required?
SPECIAL AIR-REPORT
An aircraft flies at flight level 40. Elevation of the aerodrome: 990 ft; QNH 976 hPa. The tower
clears the pilot to fly at 3000 ft QNH. Which of the following statements is correct? ONLY A
SMALL CHANGE OF ALTITUDE IS NECESSARY
An aircraft flies into freezing rain in an area with a temperature below 0C. The type of icing it will
most likely encounter is: CLEAR ICE
An aircraft flying at FL 100 from Marseille (QNH 1012 hPa) to Palma de Mallorca (QNH 1006 hPa)
experiences no change to true altitude. The reason for this is that: THE AIR AT PALMA DE
MALLORCA IS WARMER THAN AT MARSELLE
An aircraft flying at FL 45 (OAT 6C) obtains a reading of 1860 ft on its radio altimeter (ground
elevation 3090 ft). What is the value of the QNH, to the nearest hPa, at that point? 1030
An aircraft flying in the southern hemisphere at 2000 feet, has to turn to the right in order to allow
for drift. In which direction, relative to the aircraft, is the centre of low pressure ? IN FRONT
An aircraft is approaching a cold front from the warm air mass side at FL 270 and experiencing
moderate to severe turbulence. A jet stream is forecast to be at FL 310. The shortest way to get out of
this turbulence is by: DESCENDING
An aircraft is approaching under visual flight rules an airfield (northern hemisphere) whose runway
is parallel to the coast. When downwind over the sea, the airfield is on the left. What wind effect
should be anticipated on final approach and landing during a sunny afternoon ? CROSSWIND
FROM THE LEFT
An aircraft is approaching under visual flight rules an airfield whose runway is parallel to the coast.
When downwind over the sea, the airfield is on the right. What wind effect should be anticipated on
final approach and landing during a sunny afternoon? CROSSWIND FROM THE RIGHT
An aircraft is descending to land under IFR. If the local QNH is 1009 hPa, what will happen to the
altitude reading when the altimeter is reset at the transition level ? IT WILL DECREASE
An aircraft is flying at FL 180 in the northern hemisphere with a crosswind from the left. Which of
the following is correct concerning its true altitude ? IT DECREASES
An aircraft is flying at FL 80. The local QNH is 1000 hPa. After the second altimeter has been
adjusted to the local QNH, the reading will be approximately: 7650 FT
An aircraft is flying from Point A to Point B at the flight level corresponding to the pressure surface
of the constant pressure chart. Which of the following statements is correct? WIND SPEED OVER
A IS HIGHER THAN OVER B
B IS HIGHER THAN OVER A
A IS HIGUER THAN OVER B
of the constant pressure chart. Which of the following statements is correct? Wind speed over b is
higuer than over paris
An aircraft is flying from Point A to Point B on the upper level contour chart. The altimeter setting is
1013,2 hPa. Which of these statements is correct? THE TRUE ALTITUDE WILL BE HIGHER
AT A THAN AT B
An aircraft is flying from Point A to Point B on the upper level contour chart. The altimeter setting is
1013,2 hPa. Which of these statements is correct? THE TRUE ALTITUDE WILL BE HIGHER
AT B THAN AT A
An aircraft is flying from south to north, above the polar front jet stream, at FL 400 in the southern
hemisphere. What change, if any, in temperature will be experienced ? IT DECREASES
An aircraft is flying in the southern hemisphere at low altitude (less than 2000 feet) and going
directly away from a centre of low pressure. What direction, relative to the aircraft, does the wind
come from ? FROM THE LEFT AND SLIGHTLY ON THE NOSE
An aircraft is flying over the sea at FL 100, with a true altitude of 10000 feet; local QNH is 1003
hPa. What assumption, if any, can be made about the air mass in which the aircraft is flying ? IT IS
WARMER THAN ISA
An aircraft is flying over the sea at FL 120, with a true altitude of 12000 feet; local QNH is 1013
hPa. What assumption, if any, can be made about the air mass in which the aircraft is flying ? ITS
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE IS THE SAME AS ISA
An aircraft is flying over the sea at FL 90; the true altitude is 9100 feet; local QNH is unknown.
What assumption, if any, can be made about the air mass in which the aircraft is flying ? THERE IS
INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION TO MAKE ANY ASSUMPTION
An aircraft is flying through the Alps on a very cold winter's day. The regional QNH is 1013 hPa.
During the flight, you circle around a mountain at an altitude of its summit. What reading will the
aneroid altimeter give, compared to the elevation of the summit? A HIGHER ALTITUDE THAN
THE ELEVATION OF THE SUMMIT
An aircraft is flying through the Alps on a warm summer''s day. The weather is fine, and there is a
high pressure system in the area. During the flight, a mountain is passed at an altitude of its summit.
What reading will the aneroid altimeter give, compared to the summit's elevation? A LOWER
ALTITUDE THAN THE ELEVATION OF THE SUMMIT
An aircraft is flying through the polar front jet stream from south to north, beneath the core. How
would the OAT change, in the northern hemisphere, during this portion of the flight? IT
DECREASES
An aircraft lands at an airport (airport elevation 1240 FT, QNH 1008 hPa). The altimeter is set to
1013 hPa. The altimeter will indicate: 1375 FT
An aircraft lands at an airport (airport elevation 540 FT, QNH 993 hPa) with the altimeter set to
1013 hPa. What will it indicate ? 1080 FT
An aircraft maintains a constant indicated altitude of 4500 FT from A (360 FT/AMSL - QNH 986
hPa) to B (690 FT/AMSL - QNH 1011 hPa). Assuming that the altimeter sub-scale setting remains
unchanged at 986 hPa, the actual height of the aircraft above the surface at B will be: 4485 FT
hPa) to B (650 FT/AMSL - QNH 1016 hPa). Assuming that the altimeter subscale setting remains
hPa) to B (930 FT/AMSL - QNH 977 hPa). Assuming that the altimeter subscale setting remains
hPa) to B (1650 FT/AMSL - QNH 983 hPa). Assuming that the altimeter sub-scale setting remains
An aircraft over Western Europe is crossing a jet stream 2500 FT below its core at right angles.
While crossing, the outside temperature is increasing. The prevailing wind is: FROM THE RIGHT
An altimeter adjusted to 1013 hPa indicates an altitude of 3600 FT. Should this altimeter be adjusted
to the local QNH value of 991 hPa, the altitude indicated would be: 3006 FT
An easterly wave is a: WAVE IN A TRADE WIND BELT, MOVING FROM EAST TO WEST,
WITH SEVERE CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY IN REAR OF ITS TROGH
An inversion is a layer of air in which the temperature: INCREASES WITH HEIGHT
An inversion is a layer of air which is: ABSOLUTELY STABLE
An inversion is: AN ABSOLUTELY STABLE LAYER
An inversion is: AN INCREASE OF TEMPERATURE WITH HEIGHT
An isohypse (contour): INDICATES THE TRUE ALTITUDE OF A PRESSURE LEVEL
An isohypse of the 500 hPa pressure surface is labelled with the number 552. This means that for
all points on the isohypse the: TOPOGRAPHY IS 552 DECAMETERS ABOVE MSL
An isothermal layer is a layer of air in which the temperature: REMAINS CONSTANT WITH
HEIGHT
An observer on the northern hemisphere is under influence of the wind system of a depression,
which is moving from West to East. The centre of the depression passes to the South of the
observer. For this observer the wind direction is: CONTINUOSLY BACKING
An occlusion has the characteristics of a warm front when: THE COLD AIR BEHIND IS
WARMER THAN THE COLD AIR AHEAD
An occlusion is called a warm occlusion when the cold air: AT THE REAR OF THE
OCCLUSION IS LESS COLD THAN THE COLD AIR AHEAD, WITH THE WARM AIR
AT A HIGHER ALTITUDE
An outside air temperature of -35C is measured while cruising at FL 200. What is the
temperature deviation from the ISA at this level? 10C COLDER THAN ISA
An unstable air mass is forced to ascend a mountain slope. What type of clouds can be
expected? CLOUDS WITH CONSIDERABLE VERTICAL DEVELOPMENT AND
ASSOCIATED TURBULENCE
An unstable air mass will normally be characterised by: CUMULIFORM CLOUD AND
GOOD VISIBILITY EXCEPT IN PRECIPITATION
Areas of sinking air are generally cloudless because as air sinks it: IS HEATED BY
COMPRESSION
Around Paris on January 3rd at 1800 UTC, the surface temperature, under shelter, is 3C. The
sky is covered by 8 oktas of stratus. QNH is 1033 hPa. If the sky is covered all night, the
minimum temperature of the night of January 3rd to January 4th should be: SLIGHTLY
BELOW + 3C
As a result of diurnal variation radiation fog is lifted and a cloud cover is formed. Which
statement is true? LOW STRATUS WILL DEVELOP CAUSED BY INCREASING WIND
SPEED
Assume that an aircraft is flying in the northern hemisphere at the 500 hPa pressure surface on a
heading of 270 degrees. Which of the following statements is correct? IF IN THIS PRESSURE
SURFACE THE WIND COMES FROM THE DIRECTION 360 DEGREES, THE TRUE
ALTITUDE IS INCREASING
Assuming a generalised zonal system of world climatic and wind circulation, zone "u" is in area
of: NE TRADE WINDS
Assuming a generalised zonal system of world climatic and wind circulation, zone "y" is an area
of: TRAVELLING LOW PRESSURE SYSTEMS
Assuming a generalised zonal system of world climatic and wind circulation, zone "x" is an area
of : SUBTROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEMS
Assuming a generalised zonal system of world climatic and wind circulation, zone "t" is an area
of: SUBTROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEMS
Assuming a generalised zonal system of world wind circulation, the NE trade winds are
applicable to zone: U
Assuming a generalised zonal system of world wind circulation, the SE trade winds are
applicable to zone: W
Assuming that an initial "trigger" force is present, the conditions most likely to result in the
formation of thunderstorms are: HIGH RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND INSTABILITY
THROUGHOUT A DEEP LAYER
At 40N 20W, the forecast wind at FL 390 is: 090/45 KT
At 40N 70W, the forecast wind is: 270/95KT
At a certain position, the temperature on the 300 hPa chart is -48C; according to the tropopause
chart, the tropopause is at FL 330. What is the most likely temperature at FL 350 ? -54C
At a cold front: WARM AIR IS LIFTED AS COOLER AIR PUSHES UNDER IT
At a station at the surface the significant weather with a warm front will come: MOSTLY
BEFORE THE FRONT PASSES
At about what geographical latitude as average is assumed for the zone of prevailing westerlies?
50N
At about what geographical latitude as average is assumed for the zone of prevailing westerlies?
50N
At approximately what flight level is the subtropical jet stream found? FL 400
At FL 180, the air temperature is -35C.The air density at this level is: GREATER THAN THE
DENSITY OF THE ISA AT FL 180
At FL 300 between Geneva and Tunis, what mean wind would be most likely? 245/50
At Lyon (LFLY, N4545 E00500), at 1200 UTC, the sky is overcast with Stratocumulus and
Altostratus and it is raining. Using the SWC in appendix, valid at 1200 UTC, we can estimate a
weather improvement for Lyon: 2100 UTC
At the same latitude the geostrophic wind is greater than the gradient wind around a low
pressure system with equal pressure gradient because the: CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
OPPOSES THE PRESSURE GRADIENT
At the same latitude the geostrophic wind is less than the gradient wind around an anticyclone
with equal pressure gradient because the: CENTRIFUGAL FORCE IS ADDED TO THE
PRESSURE GRADIENT
At the surface the lifetime of a typical microburst and the diameter of the area affected by
damaging winds are in the order of: 1-5 MINUTES AND 4 KM
At the top of orographic waves, in mountainous regions, the cloud most likely to be encountered
is: ALTOCUMULUS LENTICULARIS
At what approximate flight level is the tropopause over Frankfurt? FL 330
At what degree of icing can ICAO's "No change of course and altitude necessary"
recommendation be followed? LIGHT
At what degree of icing should ICAO's "Change course and/or altitude immediately" instruction
be followed? SEVERE
At what degree of icing should ICAO's "Change of course and/or altitude desirable"
recommendation be followed? MODERATE
At what flight level is the jet stream core that is situated over northern Scandinavia ? FL 280
At what temperatures would you expect the heaviest ice accretion to occur in a CB?
BETWEEN -2C AND -15C
At what time of day, or night, is radiation fog most likely to occur? SHORTLY AFTER
SUNRISE
At what time of the year are tornadoes most likely to occur in North America? SPRING,
SUMMER
At what time of the year are typhoons most likely to occur over the southern islands of Japan?
JULY TO NEVEMBER
At what time of the year, are the paths of north Atlantic lows moving from west to east generally
at their most southerly position? WINTER
At which airport is the following weather development taking place? TAF 231200Z 231322
24014G32KT 4000 +TSRA SCT005 BKN015 BKN020CB BECMG 1416 29012KT 9999
BKN030TCU SCT100 TEMPO 1619 8000 SHRA BKN025TCU BECMG 1922 27012KT 9999
SCT030 OVC220 = EINN
At which airport, is the following weather development taking place? TAF 060600Z 060716
25006KT 8000 BKN240 BECMG 0710 OVC200 BECMG 1013 23010KT 8000 OVC100
BECMG 1316 23014KT 6000 RA SCT030 OVC050 = EDDL
At which altitude, at temperate latitudes, may hail be expected in connection with a CB?
FROM THE GROUND UP TO A MAXIMUM OF FL 450

At which height and at what time of the year can an aircraft be affected by the equatorial jet
stream? FL500 FROM JUNE TO AUGUST
At which position is the development of thunderstorms most likely, and what is the maximum
height of the CB clouds at 00 UTC? POSITION B, FL 270
At which pressure and temperature conditions may you safely assume that the minimum usable
flight level at least lies at the same height, as the minimum safe altitude? AT A
TEMPERATURE GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO THAT OF THE ISA AND WHERE
THE QNH IS GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 1013.25 HPA
At which time, if any, are polar front jet streams over the South Pacific usually strongest?:
JULY
ATIS information contains: METEREOLOGICAL AND OPERATIONAL INFORMATION
Atmospheric soundings give the following temperature profile: 3000 FT +15C 6000 FT +8C
10000 FT +1C 14000 FT -6C 18000 FT -14C 24000 FT -26C At which of the following
flight levels is the risk for aircraft icing, in cloud, greatest? FL 150
Before landing, an altimeter set to QFE indicates: IN STANDARD ATMOSPHERE, THE
HEIGHT OF THE AIRCRAFT ABOVE THE OFFICIAL AIRPORT ELEVATION
Below a low level inversion visibility is often: MODERATE OR POOR BECAUSE THERE
IS NO VERTICAL EXCHANGE
Below is the forecast for the destination of a flight whose ETA is 2030 UTC.; TAF YUDO
120600Z 121206 17010KT 3000 SCT005 BECMG 1820 VRB03KT BCFG SKC BECMG 2022
0300 FG VV002=; What can be said about the destination airport at 2030 UTC if CAT II ILS
minima 350 m RVR, 100 ft Decision Height are being considered? HAS TO BE
CONSIDERED AS CLOSED
Between mean sea level and a height of 20 km, the lowest temperature in the ICAO Standard
Atmosphere (ISA) is: -56.5C
Between which latitudes are you most likely to find the region of travelling low pressure
systems during summer? 45-70
Between which latitudes are you most likely to find the subtropical high-pressure belt ? 25-35
By volume, what percentage of the air in the lower troposphere consists of water vapour? 0-5%
By volume, which of the following elements makes up the largest part of the atmosphere?
NITROGEN
Central Europe is situated in the zone of: MID-LATITUDE CLIMATE
Clear ice forms as a result of: SUPERCOOLED WATER DROPLETS SPREADING
DURING THE FREEZING PROCESS
Clear ice forms on an aircraft by the freezing of: LARGE SUPERCOOLED WATER DROPS
Clear ice is dangerous because it: IS HEAVY AND IS DIFFICULT TO REMOVE FROM
THE AIRCRAFT SURFACES
Clear ice is formed when supercooled droplets are: LARGE AND AT A TEMPERATURE
JUS BELOW FREEZING
Clouds in patches, sheets or grey or whitish layers made up of elements resembling large
pebbles or rollers, together or not, and always clear of the ground are: STRATOCUMULUS
Clouds will mainly consist of supercooled water droplets when the temperature is: BETWEEN
OC AND - 15C
Clouds, classified as being low level are considered to have bases from: THE SURFACE TO
6500 FT
Clouds, fog or dew will always be formed when: WATER VAPOUR CONDENSES
Cold air pools: ARE MOST EVIDENT IN THE TEMPERATURE AND WIND FIELDS
OF THE UPPER LEVELS.
Compare the following TAF and VOLMET reports for Nice: TAF 240600Z 240716 VRB02KT
CAVOK = 0920Z 13012KT 8000 SCT040CB BKN100 20/18 Q1015 TEMPO TS = What can be
concluded from the differences between the two reports ? THAT THE WEATHER AT NICE
IS CLEARLY MORE VOLATILE THAN THE TAF COULD HAVE PREDICTED
EARLIER IN THE MORNING
Consider a parcel of air being forced upwards in the atmosphere. The lapse rate of the
surrounding air is less than the saturated adiabatic lapse rate. After the initial force is no longer
effective, the parcel of air: WILL TEND TO DESCENT TO ITS ORIGINAL ALTITUDE
Consider a parcel of air which is moved upwards in the surrounding air by an external force.
Which one of the following situations describes instability? THE PARCEL TENDS TO GAIN
ALTITUDE AFTER BEING RELEASED
Considering Melbourne (C) in July, the weather is predominantly influenced by the zone of:
SUBTROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE, WITH THE OCCASIONAL PASSAGE OF
FRONTS ORIGINATING IN THE ADJACENT ZONE OF WESTERLY WAVES
Considering that portion of the route indicated from 30E to 50E, the upper winds in January
above FL 300 are most likely to be: A SUBTROPICAL WESTERLY JET STREAM,
MAXIMUM SPEED EXCEEDING 90 KT
Considering the North Atlantic area north of 60N during winter, the mean height of the
tropopause is approximately: 29000 FT
Considering the North Atlantic at latitude 50N during winter, the mean height of the tropopause
is approximately: 31000 FT
Considering the North Atlantic between 30N and 65N, the mean position of the polar front
during winter extends from: FLORIDA TO SW ENGLAND
Considering the North Atlantic region between 30N and 65N and the adjacent land areas
during mid-summer, the predominant pressure systems are: AZORES HIGH AND WEAK
LOW OVER NE CANADA
Considering the North Atlantic region between 30N and 65N together with the adjacent land
areas during winter, the normal disposition of the main anticyclones at the surface is: AZORES,
SIBERIA
Considering the North Atlantic region between 30N and 65N, the mean position of the polar
front during summer extends from: NEWFOUNDLAND TO N SCOTLAND
Considering the North Atlantic route from the Azores to Bermuda, the mean height of the
tropical tropopause during summer is approximately: 51000 FT
Considering the region between 20N and 70N, the normal position of the main anticyclones at
the surface during winter is: AZORES, SIBERIA, CANADA
Considering the route between Valencia and Charleston at FL 340, the forecast mean
temperature is:-50 C
Considering the route indicated from Recife to Dakar the mean height of the tropopause during
January is approximately: 56000 FT
Considering the sector from 10N to Nairobi of the route indicated, during January the upper
winds at the 300 hPa level are most likely to be: LIGHT EASTERLIES
Considering the sector Rome to 25N on the route indicated, what mean upper winds may be
expected at FL 300 during winter? WESTERLY JET STREAMS IN EXCESS OF 70 KT
Continuous freezing rain is observed at an airfield. Which of the four diagrams is most likely to
reflect temperatures above the airfield concerned? DIAGRAM 4
Convective activity over land in mid-latitudes is greatest in: SUMMER IN THE
AFTERNOON
Convective clouds are formed: IN UNSTABLE ATMOSPHERE
Convective weather phenomena include: THUNSDERSTORMS, HAIL, TORNADOES,
WIND GUSTS, HEAVY SHOWERS, LIGHTNING STRIKES
Cumulus clouds are an indication for: UP AND DOWNDRAFTS
Depressions associated with developing frontal waves can be assumed to move in the direction
of the 3000 feet wind: IN THE WARM SECTOR
Dew point is defined as: THE TEMPERATURE TO WHICH AIR MUST BE COOLED TO
BECOME SATURATED AT A GIVEN PRESSURE
Divergence in the upper air that is greater than the convergence in the friction layer results, near
the surface, in: FALLING PRESSURE AND LIKELY FORMATION OF CLOUDS
Does the following report make sense? METAR LSZH 182320Z VRB02KT 5000 MIFG 02/02
Q1015 NOSIG THE REPORT IS POSSIBLE, BECAUSE SHALLOW FOG IS DEFINED
AS A THIN LAYER OF FOG BELOW EYE LEVEL
During a cross-country flight at FL 50, you observe the following sequence of clouds:
Nimbostratus, Altostratus, Cirrostratus, Cirrus. Which of the following are you most likely to
encounter ? DECREASING TEMPERATURES
During a descent from 2000 FT above the surface to the surface (no frontal passage, northern
hemisphere), the wind normally: BACKS AND DECREASES
During a flight at FL 100 from Marseille (QNH 1012 hPa) to Palma de Mallorca (QNH 1015
hPa), an aircraft remains at a constant true altitude. The reason for this is that: THE AIR AT
MARSEILLE IS WARMER THAN THAT AT PALMA DE MALLORCA
During a flight over the sea at FL 100 from Marseille (QNH 1012 hPa) to Palma de Mallorca
(QNH 1012 hPa), the true altitude is constantly increasing. What action, if any, should be taken ?
NONE, THE REASON FOR THE CHANGE IS THAT THE AIR AROUND PALMA IS
WARMER THAN THE AIR AROUND MARSEILLE

During a flight over the sea at FL 100 from Marseille (QNH 1016 hPa) to Palma de Mallorca
(QNH 1016 hPa), the true altitude is constantly decreasing. What is the probable reason for this ?
THE AIR AT MARSEILLE IS WARMER THAN AT PALMA DE MALLORCA
During a flight over the sea at FL 135, the true altitude is 13500 feet; local QNH is 1019 hPa.
What information, if any, can be gained about the air mass in which the aircraft is flying? IT IS
COLDER THAN ISA
During an adiabatic process heat is: NEITHER ADDED NOR LOST
During an ILS approach on RWY 33, a northwesterly wind is blowing parallel to the runway. Its
speed is decreasing rapidly with height while its change in direction is negligible. What has the
pilot to be aware of with respect to wind shear and glide path (no autopilot engaged)?
WITHOUT THE PILOTS INTERVENTION, THE AIRCRAFT IS LIKELY TO FLY
ABOVE THE DESIGNATED GLIDE PATH WITH INCREASING DEVIATION FROM
IT
During flight in clouds, which of the following means is the best one to identify the position of
embedded CBs? WEATHER CHART
During flight the headwind increases suddenly due to wind shear. What initial effect does that
have on true airspeed? THERE WILL BE A SUDDEN TEMPORARY INCREASE IN
TRUE AIR SPEED
During July flights from Bangkok (13N - 100E) to Karachi (25N - 67E) experience an
average tailwind component of 22 kt. In January the same flights, also operating at FL 370, have
an average headwind of 50 kt. What is the reason for this difference? THE WIND
COMPONENTS CORRESPOND TO THE SEASONAL CHANGE OF THE REGIONAL
WIND SYSTEM
During periods of cloudless weather over land in the northern hemisphere the: SURFACE
WIND SPEED TENDS TO THE HIGHEST DURING THE MID AFTERNOON
During periods of undisturbed radiation weather, overland, the: SURFACE WIND SPEED
TENDS TO BE HIGUEST DURING THE MID AFTERNOON
During summer an anticyclone covers the British Isles giving mainly clear skies. At 0600 UTC a
south coast airfield in Southern England reports a surface wind of 350/06. The coastline at the
airfield perimeter is aligned in an east/west direction. During the next twelve hours the surface
wind is likely to: BECOME SOUTHERLY TO SOUTHWESTERLY AND INCREASE IN
VELOCITY BY AFTERNOON
During summer, a weak pressure gradient covers a coastal airfield in Eastern England resulting
in mainly clear skies. The surface wind at dawn was calm. If the alignment of the coastline in the
vicinity of the airfield is predominantly north/south, the surface wind direction is likely to
become: EASTERLY TO SOUTHERLY AND INCREASE IN VELOSITY BY
AFTERNOON
During summer, the cloud type most applicable to square 2A is: CB
During the approach to Mumbai ( 19N - 73E ) on the west coast of India, you are listening to
the ATIS on 15 July at 0700 LT. Which of the following reports is most likely ? 24014KT 4500
SHRA SCT015 BKN025CB 25/24 Q1006 NOSIG=
During the climb after take-off, the altimeter setting is adjusted at the transition altitude. If the
local QNH is 1023 hPa, what will happen to the altimeter reading during the resetting
procedure ? IT WILL DECREASE
During the climb after take-off, the altimeter setting is adjusted at the transition altitude. If the
local QNH is 966 hPa, what will happen to the altimeter reading during the resetting procedure?
IT WILL INCREASE
During the formation of rime ice in flight, water droplets freeze: RAPIDLY AND DO NOT
SPREAD OUT
During the late afternoon an air temperature of +12C and a dew point of +5C were measured.
What temperature change must at least occur during the night in order to induce saturation? IT
MUST DECREASE TO +5 C
During the life cycle of a thunderstorm, which stage is characterized predominantly by
downdrafts? DISSIPATING STAGE
During the passage of a front in the northern hemisphere the wind veers. This statement is:
TRUE
During the preparation for approach to Zurich airport (1416 ft/AMSL) a pilot hears the
following message on the ATIS: "Inversion warning. Inversion of 12C between 1900 ft and
2300 ft altitude."This message indicates that the pilot should be prepared: FOR WIND SHEAR
JUST ABOVE THE INVERSION

During the winter months in mid-latitudes in the northern hemisphere, the polar front jet stream
moves toward the: SOUTH AND SPEED INCREASES
During the winter, the air mass type advected from a direction indicated by arrow number 1 is
designated: MARITIME ARCTIC
During which seasons are hurricanes most likely to appear in the northern hemisphere?
SUMMER AND AUTUMN
During which stage of thunderstorm development are rotor winds characterized by roll clouds
most likely to occur ? MATTURE STAGE
Examining the pictures, on which one of the tracks (dashed lines) is this cross-section to be
expected? TRACK B-D
Extensive cloud and precipitation is often associated with a non frontal thermal depression
because of: SURFACE CONVERGENCE AND UPPER LEVEL DIVERGENCE
CAUSING WIDESPREAD ASCENT OF AIR IN THE DEPRESSION
Fair weather cumulus often is an indication of: TURBULENCE AT AND BELOW THE
CLOUD LEVEL
Fallstreaks or virga are: WATER OR ICE PARTICLES FALLING OUT OF A CLOUD
THAT EVAPORATE BEFORE REACHING THE GROUND
Flight from Bordeaux to Amsterdam, ETA 2100 UTC. At ETA Amsterdam what surface wind is
forecast ?; TAF EHAM 281500Z 281601 14010KT 6000 -RA SCT025 BECMG 1618
12015G25KT; SCT008 BKN013 TEMPO 1823 3000 RA BKN005 OVC010 BECMG 2301
25020KT 8000; NSW BKN020 = 120/15 KT GUSTS 25 KN
Flight from Bordeaux to Amsterdam, ETA 2100 UTC. What is the minimum visibility forecast
for ETA Amsterdam ? TAF EHAM 281500Z 281601 14010KT 6000 -RA SCT025 BECMG
1618 12015G25KT SCT008 BKN013 TEMPO 1823 3000 RA BKN005 OVC010 BECMG 2301
25020KT 8000 NSW BKN020 = 3KM
Flight from Bordeaux to Amsterdam, ETA 2100 UTC. What lowest cloud base is forecast for
arrival at Amsterdam? TAF EHAM 281500Z 281601 14010KT 6000 -RA SCT025 BECMG
25020KT 8000 NSW BKN020 = 500 FT
Flight from Bordeaux to Amsterdam, ETA 2100 UTC. What lowest cloud base is forecast for
arrival at Amsterdam?; TAF EHAM 281500Z 281601 14010KT 6000 -RA SCT025 BECMG
25020KT 8000 NSW 500 FT
Flight from Lisbon (LPPT) to Kingston (MKJP) At 40N 20W, the temperature deviation from
ISA at FL 390 is: 0C
Flight from Lisbon (LPPT) to Kingston (MKJP) Considering the route segment between 60W
and 70W, at FL 390 the forecast mean temperature is: -55C
Flight Lisbon to Bordeaux, ETA 1800 UTC. What type of precipitation is forecast on the
approach to Bordeaux ?; TAF LFBD 281400Z 281524 26015KT 9999 SHRA BKN020 TEMPO
1620 26020G30KT; 8000 +SHRA BKN015CB PROB30 TSRA = HEAVY RAIN SHOWERS
Flight Lisbon to Bordeaux, ETA 1800 UTC. At ETA Bordeaux what is the lowest quoted
visibility forecast ?; TAF LFBD 281400Z 281524 26015KT 9999 SHRA BKN020 TEMPO 1620
26020G30KT; 8000 +SHRA BKN015CB PROB30 TSRA = 8KM
Flight Munich to London. What is the direction and maximum speed of the jet stream affecting
the route between Munich and London ? 220/120 KT
Flight Shannon to London. What amount and type of cloud is forecast for the eastern sector of
the route between Shannon and London at FL 220 ? INDIVIDUAL CUMULONIMBUS
Flight visibility from the cockpit during approach in a tropical downpour can decrease to
minimal: TENS OF METRES
Flight Zurich to Rome, ETD 1600 UTC, ETA 1800 UTC. At what flight level would you first
expect to encounter clear air turbulence on the climb out from Zurich? FL 220
For 1300 UTC select a METAR which you consider to be most appropriate to position "T":
19010KT 6000 RABKN016 OVC090 08/06 Q1004=
For a given airfield the QFE is 980 hPa and the QNH is 1000 hPa. The approximate elevation of
the airfield is: 160 METRES
For a similar pressure gradient, the geostrophic wind speed will be: GREATER AT 30N
THAN AT 60N
For a VFR aircraft, the conditions in which it could encounter severe airframe icing are:
FLIGHT INTO A FREEZING RAIN, RESULTING IN CLEAR ICE FORMATION
For a VFR flight severe airframe icing may occur when flying: INTO FREEZING RAIN,
RESULTING IN CLEAR ICE FORMATION
For an aircraft at FL 40, approaching the front (square 3C) from the direction of square 3D a
potential hazard exists before reaching the front in the form of: CLEAR ICE ACCRETION TO
THE AIRFRAME
For an aircraft at FL 80, ahead of the front in square 2D, the expected flight conditions are:
BELOW AS TYPE CLOUD, GENERALLY SMOOTH AIR WITH LIGHT
PRECIPITATION
For an aircraft making an approach to an airfield located in square 3B, the most likely weather
conditions are: LOW CLOUD, MIST
For an aircraft making an approach to an airfield located in square 3B, away from the vicinity of
the fronts, the most likely weather conditions in winter are: POOR VISIBILITY IN MIST
AND DRIZZLE
For an aircraft making an approach to an airfield which is not situated near high ground, in the
vicinity of the active front in square 3 B, a potential hazard exists in the form of: LOW LEVEL
WIND SHEAR.
For an aircraft what are the meteorological dangers associated with a Harmattan wind? DUST
AND POOR VISIBILITY
For an airfield located in the British Isles, the passage of a warm front will usually be indicated
by: RISE IN TEMPERATURE, RISE IN DEW POINT TEMPERATURE, WIND VEERS
AND DECREASES
For both saturated and unsaturated air instability will occur when the: ENVIRONMENTAL
LAPSE RATE IS GREATER THAN BOTH ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE AND
SATURATED ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE
For subsonic cruising levels, a SIGMET is NOT issued in case of: ISOLATED CB
For the same horizontal distance between adjacent isobars the gradient wind speed will be least
at: 50N WITH A CYCLONIC CIRCULATION
For the same pressure gradient at 60N, 50N and 40N the speed of the geostrophic wind will
be: GREATEST AT 40N
Freezing fog consists of: SUPERCOOLED WATER DROPLETS
Freezing fog exists if fog droplets: ARE SUPERCOOLED
Freezing precipitation occurs: MAINLY IN THE FORM OF FREEZING RAIN OR
FREEZING DRIZZLE
Friction between the air and the ground results in the northern hemisphere in: BACKING OF
THE WIND AND DECREASE OF WIND SPEED AT THE SURFACE.
From indications shown on the chart, when front "S" passes position "V" the surface wind
should: VEER AND REMAIN MORE OR LESS AT THE SAME SPEED
From summer to winter the average geographic position of the polar front jet stream over the
North Atlantic moves: TOWARDS THE SOUTH AND THE SPEED INCREASES
From the following TAF you can assume that visibility at 2055Z in Birmingham (EGBB) will
be :; EGBB 261812 28015G25KT 9999 SCT025 TEMPO 1822 29018G35KT 5000 SHRASN
BKN010CB PROB30 TEMPO 1821 1500 TSGR BKN008CB BECMG 2124 26010KT NOT
LESS THAN 1.5 KM BUT COULD BE IN EXCESS OF 10 KM
From what type of cloud does drizzle fall ? STRATUS
From which direction do the trade winds blow, in the southern hemisphere? SE
From which of the following pieces of information can the stability of the atmosphere be
derived? ENVIRONMENTAL LAPSE RATE
Frontal fog can be formed by: CONDENSATION OF AIR SATURATED BY
EVAPORATION OF PRECIPITATION
Frontal fog is most likely to occur: IN ADVANCE OF A WARM FRONT
Frontal fog will most likely dissipate with: THE PASSAGE OF A WARM FRONT
Frontal thunderstorms are mainly associated with: COLD FRONTS
Geostrophic wind is the wind when isobars are: STRAIGHT LINES AND NO FRICTION IS
INVOLVED
Geostrophic wind: IS PERPENDICULAR TO THE HORIZONTAL PRESSURE
GRADIENT FORCE
Given the following METAR: EDDM 250850Z 33005KT 2000 R26R/P1500N R26L/1500N BR
SCT002 OVC003 05/05 Q1025 NOSIG Which of the following statements is correct ?
VISIBILITY IS REDUCED BY WATER DROPLETS
Given: Altimeter setting: 1013.2 hPa Altimeter reading: 5000 ft Outside air temperature at 5000
ft: +5C QFE: 958 hPa QNH: 983 hPa What is the true height of the aeroplane above the
aerodrome? 3515 FT
Good visibility in the lower levels may be expected when: COOL DRY AIR IS MOVING
OVER A WARMER SURFACE
Half the mass of the atmosphere is found in the first: 5 KM
Hazardous hailstones, reaching the ground, are most likely to be experienced below CB clouds
situated: IN CONTINENTAL INTERIORS IN MIDDLE LATITUDES
Hoar frost forms as a result of: WATER VAPOUR TURNING DIRECTLY INTO ICE
CRYSTALS ON THE AIRCRAFT SURFACE
Hoar frost is most likely to form when: TAKING OFF FROM AN AIRFIELD WITH A
SIGNIFICANT GROUND INVERSION (SKY CLEAR)
How are high level condensation trails formed that are to be found occasionally behind jet
aircraft ? THROUGH WATER VAPOUR RELEASED DURING FUEL COMBUSTION
How are the air masses distributed in a cold occlusion ? THE COLDEST AIR MASS
BEHIND AND THE LESS COLD AIR IN FRONT OF THE OCLUSSION; THE WARM
AIR MASS IS ABOVE GROUND LEVEL
How are well separated CB clouds described on the Significant Weather Chart? OCNL CB
How do air masses move at a warm front ? WARM AIR OVERRIDES A COLD AIR MASS
How do you recognize a cold air pool? A A LOW PRESSURE ARE ALOFT (E.G. ON THE
500 HPA CHART)
How does a pilot react to heavy freezing rain at 2000 FT/AGL, when he is unable to deice, nor
land? HE TURNS BACK BEFORE THE AIRCRAFT LOSES MANOEUVRABILITY
How does freezing rain develop? RAIN FALLS THROUGH A LAYER WHERE THE
TEMPERATURES ARE BELOW 0C
How does moderate turbulence affect an aircraft? CHANGES IN ALTITUDE OCCUR BUT
THE AIRCRAFT REMAINS IN POSITIVE CONTROL AT ALL TIMES
How does relative humidity and the dewpoint in an unsaturated air mass change with varying
temperature? WHEN THE TEMPERATURE INCREASES, THE RELATIVE HUMIDITY
DECREASES, AND THE DEWPOINT REMAINS CONSTANT
How does temperature vary with increasing altitude in the ICAO standard atmosphere below the
tropopause? DECREASES
How does the height of the tropopause normally vary with latitude in the northern hemisphere ?
IT DECREASES FROM SOUTH TO NORTH
How is a ceiling defined? HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND OR WATER OF THE LOWEST
LAYER OF CLOUD BELOW 20000 FT COVERING MORE THAN HALF OF THE SKY
How is a ceiling defined? HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND OR WATER OF THE LOWEST
LAYER OF CLOUD BELOW 20000 FT COVERING MORE THAN HALF OF THE SKY
How is an easterly wave identifiable on a surface weather chart? AS A WEAK TROUGH
How is the direction and speed of upper winds described in forecasts ? THE DIRECTION IS
RELATIVE TO TRUE NORTH AND THE SPEED IS IN KNOTS
How is the Mediterranean climate best described? ANTICYCLONIC AND HOT IN
SUMMER, FRONTAL DEPRESSIONS IN WINTER
How long does a typical microburst last? 1 TO 5 MINUTES
How long from the time of observation is a TREND in a METAR valid? 2 HOURS
How would the term "vertical visibility is missing or not measurable" be indicated in a
METAR? W///
How, if at all, is the relative humidity of an unsaturated air mass influenced by temperature
changes? IT DECREASES WITH INCREASING TEMPERATURE
Ice accretion to the airframe is likely to be most hazardous at temperatures: BETWEEN 0C
AND -23C IN LARGE CU
If a flight at FL 150 is planned, which of these upper wind and temperature charts would be
nearest to that flight level? 600 HPA
If a saturated air mass descends down a slope its temperature increases at: A LOWER RATE
THAN IN DRY AIR, AS EVAPORATION ABSORBS HEAT
If atmospheric conditions exist such that the temperature deviation is ISA +10C in the lower
troposphere up to 18000 FT, what is the actual layer thickness between FL 60 and FL 120 ? 6240
FT
If CAVOK is reported then: NO LOW DRIFTING SNOW IS PRESENT
If in a 100 m thick layer the temperature at the bottom of the layer is 10C and at the top of the
layer is 8C then this layer is: ABSOLUTELY UNSTABLE
If Paris reports a wind of 08010KT on the METAR, what wind velocity would you expect to
encounter at a height of 2000 feet above the ground ? 11020KT
encounter at a height of 2000 feet above the ground? 19040KN
If radiation fog forms on a clear night with light winds, the increase in wind speed from 5 kt to
13 kt will most likely: CAUSE THE FOG TO LIFT AND BECOME LOW STRATUS
If the pressure surfaces bulge upwards in all levels then the pressure system is a: WARM HIGH
If the QFE at Locarno (200 metres above sea level) is 1000 hPa, what is the approximate QNH?
1025 HPA
If the QFE at Locarno (200 metres above sea level) is 980 hPa, what is the approximate QNH ?
1005 HPA
If the QFE, QNH and QFF of an airport have the same value: THE AIRPORT MUST BE AT
MSL
If the QNH at Locarno (200 metres above sea level) is 1015 hPa, what is the approximate QFE?
990 HPA
If the QNH at Locarno (200 metres above sea level) is 1025 hPa, what is the approximate QFE?
1000 HPA
If the subscale of an altimeter is set to QNH, what will it indicate after landing?
AERODROME ELEVATION
If the surface temperature is 15C , then the temperature at 10000 FT in a current of ascending
unsaturated air is: -15C
If you are flying at FL 100 in an air mass that is 10C warmer than a standard atmosphere, what
is the outside temperature likely to be? +5C
If you are flying at FL 120 and the outside temperature is -2C, at what altitude will the "freezing
level" be? FL 110
If you are flying at FL 300 in an air mass that is 15C warmer than a standard atmosphere, what
is the outside temperature likely to be? -30C
If you are flying from Zurich to London at FL 240, what conditions can you expect at cruising
altitude? MODERATE OR SEVERE TURBULENCE AND ICING
If you are flying from Zurich to Shannon at FL 340, where will your cruising altitude be?
CONSTANTLY IN THE STRATOSPHERE
If you are planning a flight at FL 170, which of these upper wind and temperature charts would
be nearest your flight level ? 500 HPA
If you are planning a flight at FL 290, which of these upper wind and temperature charts would
be nearest your flight level ? 300 HPA
If you have to fly through a warm front when freezing level is at 10000 feet in the warm air and
at 2000 feet in the cold air, at which altitude is the probability of freezing rain the lowest ? 12000
FEET
Imagine an aircraft during approach to an airfield which is located in a basin within
mountainous area under the influence of a blocking anticyclone in winter. Mark the most
reasonable statement given below: WHILE APPROACHING THE AIRFIELD IN THE
EARLY MORNING, AFTER A HORT PERIOD OF BUMPINESS THE ENGINES OF
THE AIRCRAFT WILL DELIBER MORE THRUST AFTER BRAKING THROUGH
THE INVERSION LAYER IF THE PILOT DOES NOT INTERVENE.
Imagine an airfield during summer with sunny days and clear nights and with a runway parallel
to the shoreline of a large inland lake 5 nautical miles away from the field.; A small aircraft
heading for the airfield in the afternoon experiences wind shear during approach and a cross
wind component which makes landing difficult.; The origin of the wind shear and cross wind is
most likely to be seen in: A STRONG SEA BREEZE BLOWING MORE OR LESS
PERPENDICULAR TO THE RUNWAY
In a land- and sea-breeze circulation the land-breeze blows: DURING THE NIGHT AND IS
WEAKER THAN THE SEA-BREEZE
In a layer of air the decrease in temperature per 100 metres increase in height is more than 1C.
This layer can be described as being: ABSOLUTELY UNSTABLE
In a low pressure system the convergence at the surface is caused by: FRICTIONAL FORCES
In a METAR message, BR and HZ mean respectively: BR=MIST HZ= HAZE
In a METAR message, the wind group is 23010MPS. This means: WIND FROM 230 TRUE
AT 20 KNOTS
In a mountain-valley wind circulation, the mountain wind blows: AT NIGHT DOWN FROM
THE MOUNTAINS
In a mountainous area, the most hazardous flying conditions associated with standing waves are
likely to be experienced: IN THE VICINITY OF THE ROLL CLOUD OR ROTOR ZONE
BENEATH THE FIRST WAVE ON THE LEEWARD SIDE
In a situation with a weak pressure gradient and no thunderstorms around, what will the
indication of the aneroid altimeter of an aircraft parked on the ground do over a period of about
ten minutes? APPARENTLY NOTHING, BECOUSE ANY CHANGES WOULD BE
SMALL
In a warm front occlusion: THE WARM AIR IS LIFTED
In a warm occlusion: THE WARM AIR IS LIFTED
In a westerly situation, the mean time interval between polar frontal waves in Western Europe
is: ONE TO TWO DAYS
In addition to a lifting action, what are two other requirements necessary for thunderstorm
formation ? UNSTABLE CONDITIONS AND HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT
In addition to a stable layer of air over a substantial mountain range, the conditions most
favourable to the development of standing waves are: WIND SPEED EXCESS OF 20 KT AT
THE SURFACE AND INCREASING WITH HEIGHT, WIND DIRECTION
PERPENDICULAR TO THE GENERAL DIRECTION OF THE RANGE
In an air mass with no clouds the surface temperature is 15C and the temperature at 1000
m/AGL is 13C. This layer of air is: STABLE
In an area of converging air in low level: CLOUDS CAN BE FORMED
In an intense trough of low pressure over Iceland during wintertime the weather likely to be
experienced is: STRONG WIND SHEAR, CONVECTION AND SNOW SHOWERS
In an intense trough of low pressure over Iceland during wintertime the weather likely to be
experienced is: STRONG WIND SHEAR, CONVECTION AND SNOW SHOWERS
In an isothermal layer the state of the atmosphere is: ABSOLUTELY STABLE
In an unsaturated layer in the friction layer the air is well mixed by turbulence. The layer
remains unsaturated. After some time the vertical temperature profile will: CORRESPOND TO
THE DRY ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE
In an unstable layer there are cumuliform clouds. The vertical extent of these clouds depends on
the: THICKNESS OF THE UNSTABLE AIR
In appendix are shown four sections of the 700 hPa wind chart. The diagram representing most
accurately the wind direction and speed is: 030/30 KT (DIAGRAM A)
In case of fronts, what cloud formation is most likely to occur at low levels when a warm air
mass overrides a cold air mass? NIMBOSTRATUS
In Central Europe when is the greatest likelihood for thunderstorms due to warm updrafts?
MID-AFTERNOON
In general, the visibility during rainfall compared to during drizzle is: GREATER
In Geneva, the local QNH is 994 hPa. The elevation of Geneva is 1411 FT. The QFE adjustment
in Geneva is: 942 HPA
In January an extended high pressure area is normally observed over: SIBERIA
In mature Cb's the probability of severe icing, according to meteorological rules, is greatest in
the following temperature range: 0C TO -23C
In METAR messages, the pressure group represents the: QNH ROUNDED DOWN TO THE
NEAREST HPA
In meteorology the process by which water vapour is transformed directly into ice is known as:
SUBLIMATION
In meteorology, which constituent is considered the most important in the atmosphere's
composition? WATER VAPOUR
In mid-latitudes, the tops of Cumulus are often limited by: A TEMPERATURE INVERSION
In mid-latitudes, what surface weather is associated with a stationary high pressure region over
land in the winter? A TENDENCY FOR FOG AND LOW ST
In order to calculate QFE from QNH, which of the following must be known ? ELEVATION
OF THE AIRFIELD
In order to reduce QFE to QNH, which of the following item(s) must be known ? ELEVATION
AT THE AIRFIELD
In relation to the polar front jet stream, the greatest rate of wind shear is most likely to occur:
CLOSE TO THE CORE ON THE POLAR SIDE

In relation to the total weight of the atmosphere, the weight of the atmosphere between mean
sea level and a height of 5500 m is: 50%
In still air the temperature decreases at an average of 1.2C per 100 m increase in altitude. This
temperature change is called: ENVIRONMENTAL LAPSE RATE
In stratiform clouds: WEAK VERTICAL CURRENTS OCCUR AND TEMPERATURE IS
NEARLY EQUAL TO THE TEMPERATURE OF THE SURROUNDING AIR AT THE
SAME HEIGHT
In summer in the northern hemisphere the maximum wind speeds associated with sub-tropical
jet streams are usually located: BELOW THE TROPOPAUSE AT ABOUT 200 HPA
In summer, when wind is calm and sky is clear, the minimum temperature over land is reached
approximately: HALF AN HOUR AFTER SUNRISE
In temperate latitudes what weather conditions may be expected over land during the summer in
the centre of a stationary high pressure zone ? CALM WINDS, HAZE
In the central part of the Atlantic Ocean between 10N and 20N the prevailing winds are: NE
TRADE WINDS
In the following TAF, what is the forecast weather at 0800 UTC?; TAF EHAM 152300Z 160009
33005KT 9999 SCT025 BKN100 BECMG 0002 27015KT 4500 -SN SCT008 OVC015 TEMPO
0206 0400 +SN VV002 BECMG 0406 01008KT 9999 NSW SCT030 TEMPO 0709
03015G25KT 1200 SHSN SCT006 SCT015CB= MODERATE SNOW SHOWERS OR NO
SIGNIFICANT WEATHER
In the ICAO Standard Atmosphere the decrease in temperature with height below 11 km is:
0.65C PER 100M
In the ICAO standard atmosphere, which of the following alternatives indicates the correct
vertical temperature distribution in the lowest 11 km? 15C AT MEAN SEA LEVEL,
DECREASING AT 0.65 C PER 100 METRES
In the lower layers of the atmosphere due to friction the wind changes direction towards the low
pressure area because: WIND SPEED DECREASES AND THEREFORE CORIOLIS
FORCE DECREASES
In the lower levels of the atmosphere when the environmental lapse rate is greater than saturated
adiabatic lapse rate but less than dry adiabatic lapse rate - the air mass is described as being:
CONDITIONALLY UNSTABLE
In the METAR code the abbreviation VC indicates: PRESENT WEATHER WITHIN A
RANGE OF 8 KM, BUT NOT AT THE AIRPORT
In the METAR code the abbreviation VCBLDU means: BLOWING DUST IN THE
VICINITY
In the mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere the wind blows: CLOCKWISE AROUND
ANTICYCLONES AND ANTI-CLOCKWISE AROUND CYCLONES
In the mid-latitudes the stratosphere extends on an average from: 11 TO 50 KM
In the middle of the eye of a hurricane the wind speed is; LOWER THAN 63 KNOTS AND
THE AIR IS DESCENDING;
In the month of August you prepare a flight (cruising level FL 370) from Bombay (19N - 73E)
to Bangkok (13N - 100E). What wind conditions can you expect? HEADWINDS
In the North Atlantic, you can often see a series of depressions located in a row and travelling
from west to east. These depressions: ARE NORMALLY GENERATED AT THE POLAR
FRONT
In the northern hemisphere a pilot flying at 1000 FT/AGL directly towards the centre of a low
pressure area, will find the wind blowing from: LEFT AND BEHIND
In the northern hemisphere advection of warm air aloft indicates: THE APPROACH OF A
WARM OCCLUSION
In the northern hemisphere at 5000 ft/AGL a south-westerly wind is blowing. The surface wind
at the same location is a southerly wind. What is the primary reason of difference between these
two wind directions? FRICTION BETWEEN THE WIND AND THE SURFACE
In the northern hemisphere the gradient wind of a cyclonic pressure distribution is 350/24, over
the sea the surface wind would approximate: 340/20
In the northern hemisphere the wind at the surface blows: COUNTER-CLOCKWISE
AROUND, AND TOWARD THE CENTRE OF, A LOW PRESSURE AREA
In the northern hemisphere with an anticyclonic pressure system the geostrophic wind at 2000
FT over the sea is 060/15. At the same position the surface wind is most likely to be: 050/10
In the northern hemisphere, during periods of prolonged clear skies associated with anticyclonic
conditions, the: SURFACE WIND SPEED TENDS TO BE HIGHUES DURING THE

EARLY AFTERNOON
In the southern hemisphere what wind effect would you expect when flying from a high
pressure area towards a low pressure area at FL 100? WIND FROM THE RIGHT
In the TAF for Athens, during the summer, for the time of your landing you note: TEMPO TS.
What is the maximum time this deterioration in weather can last in anyone instance ? 60
MINUTES
In the trade wind belt between the surface and the 500 hPa level, which of the following is true?
THE AIR RELATEVILY MOIST IN THE LOWER PART AND DRY IN THE UPPER
PART
In the tropopause the position of so called "tropopause breaks" is important for aviation
because: THE CORES OF JET STREAMS CAN BE LOCATED NEAR THESE BREAKS
In the troposphere the decrease in pressure per 100 m increase in height is: LARGER IN THE
LOWER LAYERS THAN IN THE HIGUER LAYERS
In the vicinity of industrial areas, smoke is most likely to affect surface visibility when:
THERE IS A LOW LEVEL INVERSION
In the weather briefing room during the pre-flight phase of a passenger flight from Zurich to
Rome, you examine the following weather reports of pressing importance at the time:; EINN
SHANNON 2808 sigmet 2 valid 0800/1100 loc sev turb fcst einn fir blw fl 050 south of 53n wkn
=; LIMM MILANO 2809 sigmet 2 valid 0900/1500 mod sev cat btn fl 250 and fl 430 fcst limm
fir stnr nc =; EGLL LONDON 2808 sigmet nr01 valid 0800/1200 for london fir isol cb embd in
lyr cloud fcst tops fl 300 btn 52n and 54n east of 002e sev ice sev turb ts also fcst mov e wkn =;
Which decision is correct? BECOUSE OF THE EXPECTED TURBULENCE YOU
SELECT A FLIGHT LEVEL BELOW FL 250
In the weather pattern behind a cold front, the visibility outside precipitation is: GOOD AND
THE PRECIPITATION IS SHOWERS
In this question the wind speed with straight isobars (vst), the wind speed around a highpressure system (vhigh) and the wind speed around a low-pressure system (vlow) in the southern
hemisphere are being compared while pressure gradient and latitude constant. Which statement
is correct? VST<VHIGH AND VST>VLOW
In towering cumulus clouds: STRONG UPDRAUGHTS OCCUR AND THE
TEMPERATURE IN THE COLD IS HIGHER THAN IN THE SURROUNDING AIR AT
THE SAME HEIGHT
In unstable air, surface visibility is most likely to be restricted by: SHOWERS OF RAIN OR
SNOW
In what height range and at what intensity could you encounter turbulence in CAT area n2?
FROM FL 220 TO FL 400, MODERATE
In what hPa range is an upper weather chart for FL 340 situated? 300-200 HPA
In which air mass are extremely low temperatures encountered? CONTINENTAL POLAR
AIR
In which approximate direction does the centre of a non-occluded frontal depression move? IN
THE DIRECTION OF THE WARM SECTOR ISOBARS.
In which areas are easterly waves most likely to form? IN THE TRADE WIND ZONE
In which conditions would you most likely encounter clear icing, and how would it normally
appear? COMULIFORM CLOUDS, LARGE WATER DROPLETS, TEMPERATURES
BETWEEN 0C AND -15C. APPEARS SMOOTH AND TENDS TO SPREAD BACK
OVER AN AIRCRAFT WING
In which environment is aircraft structural ice most likely to have the highest rate of accretion ?
FREEZING RAIN
In which layer is most of the atmospheric humidity concentrated ? TROPOSPHERE
In which main direction does a polar front depression move? ALONG THE FRNT
TOWARDS THE EAST
In which meteorological forecast chart is information about CAT regions found?
SIGNIFICANT WEATHER CHART
In which month does the humid monsoon in India start? IN JUNE
In which of the areas below does the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) have a significant
impact? WESTERN AFRICA BETWEEN 10 N AND 20 N AND THE NORTHERN
COASTS OF THE ARABIAN SEA IN JULY
In which of the following 1850 UTC METAR reports, is the probability of fog formation, in the
coming night, the highest? VRB01KT 8000 SCT 250 11/10 Q1028 BECMG 3000 BR=
In which of the following areas do surface high pressure systems usually predominate over the
North Atlantic region between 30N and 65N and the adjoining land areas during the northern
summer? AZORES, SE USA, SW EUROPE
In which of the following areas is the frequency of tropical revolving storms the highest?
SOUTH CHINA SEA AND THE PHILIPPINES AREA
In which of the following areas is the highest frequency of thunderstorms encountered ?
TROPICAL
In which of the following bands of latitude is the intertropical convergence zone most likely to
be encountered in January, between Dakar and Rio de Janeiro? 0-7N
In which of the following changes of state is latent heat absorbed? SOLID TO LIQUID
In which of the following changes of state is latent heat absorbed? LIQUID TO GAS
In which of the following changes of state is latent heat absorbed? SOLID TO GAS
In which of the following changes of state is latent heat released ? GAS TO LIQUID
In which of the following changes of state is latent heat released? GAS TO SOLID
In which of the following changes of state is latent heat released? LIQUID TO SOLID
In which of the following circumstances is a SIGMET issued ? SEVERE MOUNTAIN
WAVES
In which of the following conditions is moderate to severe airframe icing most likely to be
encountered? IN NIMBOSTRATUS LOUD
In which of the following METAR reports is the probability of fog formation in the coming
night the highest? 201850Z 15003KT 6000 SCT120 05/04 Q1032 BECMG 1600 BR =
In which of the following METAR reports is the probability of fog formation in the coming
night the highest? 201850Z 15003KT 6000 SCT120 05/04 Q1032 BECMG 1600 BR=
In which of the following regions does maritime polar air originate? EAST OF GREENLAND
In which of the following situations can freezing rain be encountered ? AHEAD OF A WARM
FRONT IN THE WINTER
In which of the following situations is an aircraft most susceptible to icing ? LEVEL FLIGHT
BELLOW A RAIN PRODUCING CLOUD WHEN OAT IS BELLOW ZERO DEGREES
C
In which of the following situations is the probability for severe thunderstorms the highest?
ADVECTION OF MARITIME COLD AIR OVER A WARM SEA SURFACE
In which of the following situations is the probability for severe thunderstorms the highest?
ADVECTION OF MARITIME COLD AIR OVER A WARM SEA SURFACE
In which of these cloud types can icing be virtually ruled out? CS
In which of these cloud types can icing be virtually ruled out? CI
In which of these temperature bands is ice most likely to form on the aircraft's surface? 0C TO
- 10C
In which situation is advection fog most likely to form? AN AIR MASS MOVING INLAND
FROM THE COAST IN WINTER
In which squares are conditions most likely to cause the occurrence of low level wind shear? 3A
AND 3C
In which stage of the life cycle of a single thunderstorm cell occur both up- and downdrafts
simultaneously? MATURE STAGE
In which weather report would you expect to find information about icing conditions on the
runway? METAR
In which zone of a polar front jet stream is the strongest CAT to be expected ? ON THE
POLAR AIR SIDE OF THE CORE
In winter, after breaking through a low level inversion during descent and assuming the pilot
does not intervene: THRUST MOST LIKELY WILL INCREASE AND VISIBILITY IS
LIKELY TO DETERIORATE
In wintertime stratus is often formed when warm maritime air moves over cold land. How can
such clouds be classified? TURBULENCE CLOUDS
In Zurich during a summer day the following weather observations were taken: 160450Z
23015KT 3000 +RA SCT008 SCT020 OVC030 13/12 Q1010 NOSIG = 160650Z 25008KT
6000 SCT040 BKN090 18/14 Q1010 RERA NOSIG = 160850Z 25006KT 8000 SCT040
SCT100 19/15 Q1009 NOSIG 161050Z 24008KT 9999 SCT040 SCT100 21/15 Q1008 NOSIG
=; 161250Z 23012KT CAVOK 23/16 Q1005 NOSIG = 161450Z 23016KT 9999 SCT040
BKN090 24/17 Q1003 BECMG 25020G40KT TS =161650Z 24018G35KT 3000 +TSRA
SCT006 BKN015CB 18/16 Q1002 NOSIG = 161850Z 28012KT 9999 SCT030 SCT100 13/11
Q1005 NOSIG = What do you conclude based on these observations? A WARM FRONT
PASSED THE STATION EARLY IN THE MORNING AND A COLD FRONT DURING
LATE AFTERNOON
Isobars on a surface chart are lines of equal: QFF
Isolated thunderstorms of a local nature are generally caused by: THERMAL TRIGGERING
Isotachs are lines joining equal: WIND SPEEDS
Judging by the chart, on which of these routes can you expect to encounter moderate CAT at FL
300? ZURICH-ATHENS
Judging by the chart, what wind speeds can you expect at FL 310 above London ? 90 KT
Katabatic wind is: A FLOW OF COLD AIR DOWN THE SLOPE OF A MOUNTAIN
Large hail stones: ARE TIPICALLY ASOCIATED WITH SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
Lenticular clouds in mountainous areas indicate: TURBULENCE
Looking at the chart, at what altitude above Frankfurt would you expect the tropopause to be
located? FL 360
Low level vertical wind shear can be expected during the night: IN ASSOCIATION WITH
RADIATION INVERSIONS
Low level wind shear is likely to be greatest: AT THE TOP OF A MARKED SURFACEBASED INVERSION
Mark the correct statement concerning the flight through an inversion caused by subsidence:
DURING CLIMB, THE REDUCED AIR DENSITY ABOVE THE INVERSION LAYER
WILL CAUSE A CERTAIN DECREASE IN THE AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE(I.E.
LIFT AND THRUST) AND THE PILOT WILL EXPERIENCE A SUDDEN
IMPROVEMENT OF VISIBILITY
Mark the statement most reasonable regarding a valley inversion: OVER NIGHT, COOL
DENSE AIR AS A RESULT OF RADIATION COOLING WILL DESCEND ALONG THE
MOUNTAIN SLOPES INTO THE BASIN AND LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A
VALLEY INVERSION
Marseille Information gives you the following meteorological information for Ajaccio and Calvi
for 1600 UTC: Ajaccio: wind 360/2 kt, visibility 2000 m, rain, BKN stratocumulus at 1000 FT,
OVC altostratus at 8000 FT, QNH 1023 hPa. Calvi: wind 040/2 kt, visibility 3000 m, mist,
FEW stratus at 500 FT, SCT stratocumulus at 2000 FT, OVC altostratus at 9000 FT, QNH 1023
hPa. The ceilings (more than 4 oktas) are therefore: 1000 FT AT AJACCIO AND 9000 FT AT
CALVI
Maximum wind speeds associated with subtropical jet streams are usually located in the:
TROPICAL AIR BELOW THE TROPOPAUSE
Moderate to severe CAT is encountered especially in: AN AREA WITH STRONGLY
CURVED, CLOSELY PACKED ISOHYPSES
Most tornadoes have a life span that lasts for: A FEW MINUTES UP TO 30 MINUTES
Most tornadoes have a speed of movement that usually ranges from: 20 TO 40 KNOTS
Mountain waves should be expected: ON THE DOWNWIND SIDE OF THE MOUNTAIN
CHAIN
Occlusions are formed when: COLD FRONTS OVERTAKE WARM FRONTS
Of the four radio soundings, select the one that indicates ground fog: 2
Of the four radio soundings, select the one that indicates low stratus: 3
Of what does lenticular cloud provide evidence? MOUNTAIN WAVES
On a clear summer day, turbulence caused by solar heating is most pronounced: DURING THE
EARLY AFTERNOON
On a particular day part of a polar front jet stream runs from north to south in the northern
hemisphere. This means that: THE POLAR AIR IS BELOW AND TO THE EAST OF THE
CORE OF THE JET
On a route segment from A to B the highest terrain elevation is approximately 200 feet. For an
instrument flight the minimum obstacle clearance is 1000 feet. The subscale of the altimeter is
set to the local QNH of 1013 hPa and the temperature on the ground is -5C. Assume a standard
temperature lapse rate. What is the approximate minimum acceptable altimeter indication during
the flight on this route segment? 1300 FEET
On a Significant Weather Chart, we see the following for the area where a VFR-flight will take
place: BKN CU SC 100 / 023 If the flight is planned at FL 85, we can estimate that: WE WILL
PROBABLY HAVE TO DIVERT AROUND SOME CUMULUS TOPS
On an aerodrome, when a warm front is approaching: QFE AND QNH DECREASE
On an upper wind and temperature chart: THE PRESSUER IS CONSTANT ALL OVER
THE CHART
On average, going from the equator to the north pole, the altitude of the tropopause:
DECREASES AND ITS TEMPERATURE INCREASES
On the approach, the surface temperature is given as -5C. The freezing level is at 3000
FT/AGL. At 4000 FT/AGL, there is a solid cloud layer from which rain is falling. According to
the weather briefing, the clouds are due to an inversion caused by warm air sliding up and over
an inclined front. Would you expect icing? YES, BETWEEN GROUND LEVEL AND 3000
FT/AGL
On the European continent METARs of main airports are compiled and distributed with
intervals of: 0.5 HOUR
On the Significant Weather Chart, we see the following indications:; SCT CU100/060; The
forecast charts for FL 050 and FL 100 both indicate a wind from 320/15 kt. In flight at FL 055
over an area of plains (flat country) during the validity period of the Significant Weather Chart,
we observe moderate turbulence. This turbulence is caused by: THE INSTABILITY OF THE
AIR MASS BETWEEN THE TOP OF CUMULUS CLOUDS.
On the West coast of India it can be said in general that the wind blows: FOR SIX MONTH
FROM THE NORTH EAST AND FOR SIX MONTH FROM THE SOUTH WEST
On which coast of North America, is the danger of tropical revolving storms the greatest? SE
COAST
On which latitudes can the coriolis force in practice be neglected for meteorological purposes?
FROM 0 TO ABOUT 10 DEGREES NORTH AND SOUTH
On which of the following aviation weather charts can a pilot most easily find a jet stream?
SIGNIFICANT WEATHER CHART
On which of the following routes can you expect icing to occur, on the basis of the chart?
HAMBURG-OSLO
On which of these routes would you not need to worry about icing at FL 170? LONDONSTOCKHOLM
On which side of an easterly wave are thunderstorms most likely to develop? ON THE EAST
SIDE OF THE WAVE
One of the main reasons for radiation fog to dissipate or become low stratus is: SURFACE
HEATING
Orographic thunderstorms may occur: AT ANY TIME DURING DAY AND NIGHT
Over Amsterdam, what amount and general type of cloud would you expect at FL 160?
MAINLY 5 TO 8 OKTAS OF STRATIFORM CLOUD IN LAYERS
Over Central Europe what type of cloud cover is typical of the warm sector of a depression
during winter? ST
Over Madrid, what intensity of turbulence and icing is forecast at FL 200 ? MODERATE
TURBULANCE, MODERATE ICING
Over Paris at what flight level would you expect to find the tropopause according to the map?
FL 300
Over the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal tropical cyclones are: OCCASIONALLY
OBSERVED, IN THE AVERAGE 12 PER YEAR
Over which areas can tropical revolving storms occur? CARIBBEAN SEA, GULF OF
BENGAL, INDIAN OCEAN EAST OF MADAGASCAR
Precipitation in the form of showers occurs from: CONVECTIVE CLOUDS
Pressure altitude is obtained by: SETTING THE ALTIMETER TO STANDARD SEA
LEVEL PRESSURE
QNH is defined as: QFE REDUCED TO MSL USING THE VALUES OF THE
STANDARD ATMOSPHERE
Radiation fog most frequently occurs in: HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEMS OVER LAND
Read this description: "After such a fine day, the ring around the moon was a bad sign yesterday
evening for the weather today. And, sure enough, it is pouring down outside. The clouds are
making an oppressively low ceiling of uniform grey; but at least it has become a little bit
warmer." Which of these weather phenomena is being described? A WARM FRONT
Refer to the diagram. Assuming the usual direction of movement, to which position will the
polar frontal wave have moved ? POSITION 3
Refer to the diagram. Assuming the usual direction of movement, where will this polar frontal
wave have moved ? POSITION 3
Refer to the following TAF extract; BECMG 1821 2000 BR BKN004 PROB30 TEMPO 2124
0500 FG VV001 What does the abbreviation "PROB30" mean? PROBABILITY OF 30%
Refer to the following TAF extract: BECMG 1821 2000 BR BKN004 BECMG 2124 0500 FG
VV001 What does the abbreviation "VV001" mean? VERTICAL VISIBILITY 100 FT
VV001 What does the abbreviation "BKN004" mean? 5-7 OKTAS, CEILING 400 FT
VV001 What does the "BECMG" data indicate for the 18 to 21 hour time frame? THE NEW
CONDITIONS ARE ACHIEVED BETWEEN 1800 AND 2100 UTC
VV001 What visibility is forecast for 2400 UTC? 500M
Refer to the following TAF message. LFxx 180800Z 180918 22020KT 6000 SCT015 SCT080
BECMG 1214 24025KT 2000 RA BKN009 OVC070= At 1400 UTC, the lowest cloud base
will be: AT 900 FEET AGL
Relative humidity at a given temperature is the relation between: ACTUAL WATER VAPOUR
CONTENT AND SATURATED WATER VAPOUR CONTENT
Relative humidity depends on: MOISTURE CONTENT AND TEMPERATURE OF THE
AIR
Relative humidity: CHANGES WHEN WATER VAPOUR IS ADDED, EVEN THOUGH
THE TEMPERATURE REMAINS CONSTANT
Relative humidity: INCREASES IF THE AIR IS COOLED WHILST MAINTAINING
THA VAPOUR PRESSURE CONSTANT
Rime ice forms through the freezing onto aircraft surfaces of: SMALL SUPERCOOLED
DROPS
Rising air cools because: IT EXPANDS
Runway Visual Range (RVR) is: USUALLY BETTER THAN VISIBILITY
Runway visual range can be reported in: A METAR
Runway visual range is calculated from values derived from: FORWARD-SCATTER
METERS
Runway visual range is calculated from values derived from: TRANSMISSOMETERS
Sea breezes are most likely to occur when: SLACK PRESSURE GRADIENT AND CLEAR
SKIES RESULT IN RELATIVELY HIGH LAND TEMPERATURES
Select from the map the average temperature for the route Athens - Geneva at FL 150: -14C
Select from the map the average temperature for the route Geneva -Stockholm at FL 260: -47C
Select from the map the average temperature for the route Zurich - Lisboa at FL 200: -33C
Select from the map the average temperature for the route Zurich - Rome at FL 110: -9C
Select from the map the average wind for the route Athens - Geneva at FL 160.: 240/40
Select from the map the average wind for the route Shannon - Lisboa at FL 290: 360/80
Select from the map the average wind for the route Zurich - Hamburg at FL 240: 230/20
Select from the map the average wind for the route Zurich - Rome at FL110: 230/10
Select from the map the wind for the route Zurich - London at FL 280: 220/60
Select the answer which you consider will complete correctly the following statement in relation
to the main pressure systems affecting the North Atlantic region between 30N and 65N. During
winter the predominant mean low pressure system at the surface: ICELAND/GREENLAND
Select the true statement concerning isobars and wind flow patterns around high- and lowpressure systems that are shown on a surface weather chart: WHEN THE ISOBARS ARE
CLOSED TOGUETHER, THE PRESSURE GRADIENT FORCE IS GREATER AND
WIND VELOCITIES ARE STRONGER
SIGMET information is issued as a warning for significant weather to: ALL AIRCRAFT
Snow grains: FALL FROM STRATUS OR SUPERCOOLED FOG
Solid precipitation which is transparent or translucent and has a diameter of 5mm or less formed
by the freezing of raindrops or refreezing of melted snow, and usually bounces off hard surfaces,
is a description of: ICE PELLETS
Steady precipitation, in contrast to showery precipitation falls from: STRATIFORM CLOUDS
WITH LITTLE OR NO TURBULENCE
Steaming fog (arctic sea smoke) occurs in air: WITH COLD MASS PROPERTIES
Stratus formed by turbulence will occur when: IN THE FRICTION LAYER MIXING
OCCURS BY TURBULENCE AND THE MIXING CONDENSATION LEVEL IS
SITUATED BELOW THE TOP OF THE TURBULENT LAYER
Strongest clear air turbulence is to be expected: ON THE COLD AIR SIDE OF THE JET
STREAM CORE
Strongly developed cumulus clouds are an indication of: STABILITY IN THE
ATMOSPHERE
Subsidence is: VERTICALLY DOWNWARDS MOTION OF AIR

Supercooled droplets are always: AT A TEMPERATURE BELOW FREEZING
Supercooled droplets can be encountered: AT ANY TIME OF THE YEAR
Supercooled droplets can occur in: CLOUDS, FOG AND PRECIPITATION
Surface temperature inversions are frequently generated by: TERRESTIAL RADIATION ON
A CALM CLEAR NIGHT
Surface-based temperature inversions are common during: CLOUD-FREE NIGHTS IN
WINTER WHEN THE GROUND IS DRY
TAF EHAM 142300Z 150009 33005KT 9999 SCT025 BKN100 BECMG 0002 27015KT 4500
-SN SCT008 OVC015 TEMPO 0206 0400 +SN VV002 BECMG 0406 01008KT 9999 NSW
SCT030 TEMPO 0709 03015G25KT 1200 SNSH SCT006 SCT015CB= What is the expected
visibility at 0300 UTC? BETWEEEN 400 M AND 4500 M
TAF LSZH 250600Z 250716 00000KT 0100 FG VV001 BECMG 0810 0800 VV002 BECMG
1012 23005KT 2500 BR BKN005 TEMPO 1316 6000 SCT007 = Which of these statements best
describes the weather that can be expected at 1200 UTC? VISIBILITY 2.5 KILOMETRES,
MIST, CLOUD BASE 500 FEET, WIND SPEED 5 KNOTS
TAF LSZH 250716 00000KT 0100 FG VV001 BECMG 0810 0800 VV002 BECMG 1012
23005KT 2500 BKN005 TEMPO 1316 6000 SCT007 =; Which of these statements best
describes the weather that can be expected at 1200 UTC? VISIBILITY 2.5 KILOMETRES,
CLOUDBASE 500 FETT, WINDSPEED 5 KNOTS
The 0 isotherm is forecast to be at FL 50. At what FL would you expect a temperature of -6 C?
FL 80
The air mass affecting position "A" is most likely to be: MARITIME POLAR
The air mass affecting position "C" is most likely to be: MARITIME TROPICAL
The air mass affecting position "P" is most likely to be: CONTINENTAL POLAR
The air mass affecting position "R" is most likely to be: MARITIME POLAR
The air mass affecting position "S" is most likely to be: MARITIME TROPICAL AND
STABLE
The air mass at position "X" is most likely to be:MARITIME TROPICAL
The air mass in the warm sector of a polar front is: TROPICAL AIR
The air mass type advected from a direction indicated by arrow number 6 is designated:
MARITIME POLAR
The air mass type indicated by arrow number 4 is designated: MARITIME TROPICAL
The air masses that are observed most frequently over western Europe are: POLAR AIR AND
TROPICAL AIR
The amount of water vapour which air can hold largely depends on: AIR TEMPERATURE
The approximate inclined plane of a warm front is: 1/150
The arctic front is the boundary between: POLAR AIR AND ARCTIC AIR
The arrows labelled "r" represent the mean tracks of tropical revolving storms which occur
mainly from: DECEMBER TO APRIL AND ARE CALLED CYCLONES
The arrows labelled "s" represent the mean tracks of tropical revolving storms which occur
mainly from: MAY TO NOVEMBER AND ARE CALLED CYCLONES
The arrows labelled "t" represents the mean track of tropical revolving storms which occur
mainly from: JUNE TO OCTUBER AND ARE CALLED CYCLONES
The arrows labelled "u" represent the tracks of tropical revolving storms which occur mainly
from: JULY TO OCTOBER AND ARE CALLED TYPHOONS
The arrows labelled "v" represent the mean tracks of tropical revolving storms which occur
mainly from: DECEMBER TO APRIL AND ARE CALLED CYCLONES
The attached chart shows the weather conditions on the ground at 1200 UTC on October 10.
Which of the following reports reflects weather development at Zurich Airport? TAF LSZH
101601 VRB02KT 8000 SCT280 BECMG 1618 00000KT 3500 MIFG BECMG 1820 1500
BCFG BECMG 2022 0100 FG VV001 =
The average forecast wind for the leg from Madrid to Dhahran at FL 390 is: 270/50
The average height of the tropopause at 50N is about: 11 KM
The average position of the polar front in the northern hemisphere is: MORE SOUTHERLY
DURING THE WINTER THAN DURING THE SUMMER
The average position of the polar front in the northern hemisphere is: MORE SOUTHERLY
DURING THE WINTER THAN DURING THE SUMMER
The average slope of a cold front is in the order of: 1:80
The average thickness of the troposphere varies with: LATITUDE
The barometric compensator of an altimter is locked on reference 1013.2 hPa. The aircraft has
to land on a point with an elevation of 290 feet where the QNH is 1023 hPa. The reading on the
altimeter on the ground will be: 20 FT
The Bora is a: COLD CATABATIC WIND WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF VIOLENT
GUSTS
The Chinook is a: WARM AND DRY WIND THAT FORMS AS AIR DESCENDS ON THE
LEEWARD SIDE OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS
The cloud base, reported in the METAR, is the height above: AIRFIELD LEVEL
The cloud most likely to be experienced in square 1E is: CI
The cloud type most applicable to most of square 3B is: SC
The cloud type most applicable to square 1E is: CS
The cloud type most applicable to square 2B is: CB
The cloud type most applicable to square 2C is: AS
The cloud type most applicable to square 2D is: AS
The cloud type most applicable to square 3C is: NS
The cold front is indicated with a number at position: 2
The conditions most favourable to the formation of mountain waves are: WIND DIRECTION
APPROXIMATELY AT RIGHT ANGLES TO THE MOUNTAIN RANGE- WIND SPEED
30 KT AND STEADLY INCREASING WITH HEIGHT- AN INVERSION JUST ABOVE
THE CREST LEVEL WITH LESS STABLE AIR ABOVE AND BELOW
The core of the polar front jet stream is usually located in the: TROPICAL AIR BELOW THE
TROPOPAUSE
The decrease in temperature, per 100 metres, in a saturated rising parcel of air at lower level of
the atmosphere is approximately: 0.6C
The decrease in temperature, per 100 metres, in an unsaturated rising parcel of air is: 1C
The degree of clear air turbulence experienced by an aircraft is proportional to the:
INTENSITY OF THE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL WIND SHEAR
The dewpoint temperature: CAN BE EQUAL TO THE AIR TEMPERATURE
The dewpoint temperature: CAN BE REACHED BY COOLING THE AIR WHILST
KEEPING PRESSURE CONSTANT
The diagram of the system in annex represents a: WARM OCLUSSION
The diameter of a typical tornado is: 100 TO 150 METRES
The difference between geostrophic wind and gradient wind is caused by: CURVATURE OF
ISOBARS
The diurnal variation in temperature is largest when: THE SKY IS CLEAR AND THE WIND
IS WEAK
The dotted line designated "Z" represents the: MEAN POSITION OF THE
INTERTROPICAL FRONT(ITCZ) DURING JULY;
The dotted line designated "Z" represents the: MEAN POSITION OF THE
INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE(ITCZ) DURING JULY
The dotted line labelled "Y" represents the: MEAN POSITION OF THE INTERTROPICAL
CONVERGENCE ZONE (ITCZ) DURING JANUARY
The dry adiabatic lapse rate has a value of: 1C/100M
The dry adiabatic lapse rate: HAS A CONSTANT FIXED VALUE
The environmental lapse rate in an actual atmosphere: VARIES WITH TIME
The equatorial easterly jet is a jet stream that occurs: ONLY IN THE SUMMER OF THE
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE AT APPROX. 45000 FT
The eye of a hurricane: EXTENDS FROM THE SURFACE TO THE TOP OF THE
HURRICANE
The first clouds are thin, wispy cirrus, followed by sheets of cirrus and cirrostratus, and
altostratus. The sun is obscured as the altostratus thickens and drizzle or rain begins to fall. The
cloud base is lowering as Nimbostratus arrives. These phenomena indicate: WARM FRONT
The Foehn wind is a: WARM KATABATIC WIND
The following sequence of clouds is observed at an airport: cirrus, cirrostratus, altostratus,
nimbostratus. This is typical for: THE PASSAGE OF A WARM FRONT
The following statements deal with precipitation, turbulence and icing. Select the list containing
the most likely alternatives for NS cloud: PRECIPITATON MAY BE SNOW, SLEET OR
RAIN. ICING IS PROBABLE AND MAY RANGE BETWEEN LIGHT AND SEVERE.
TURBULENCE IS RARELY MORE THAN MODERATE
The following temperatures have been observed over a station at 1200 UTC. Assume the station
is at MSL. Height in feet. Temperature in degrees C. 20000.-12 18000.-11 16000.-10 14000.-10

12000.-6 10000.-2 8000. +2 6000. +6 4000. +12 2000. +15 surface+15. Which of the following
statements is correct ? ASSUMING THAT THE MSL PRESSURE IS 1013.25 HPA THE
TRUE ALTITUDE OF AN AIRCRAFT WOULD ACTUALLY BE HIGHER THAN THE
INDICATED ALTITUDE
The following weather message EDDM 241200Z 241322 VRB03KT 1500 BR OVC004
BECMG 1517 00000KT 0500 FG VV002 TEMPO 2022 0400 FG VV001 is a: 9 HOUR TAF
The formation of clear ice on the leading edges of an aircraft is most likely to be caused by the:
RELATIVELY SLOW FREEZING OF LARGE SUPERCOOLED WATER DROPLETS
The formation of morning fog before sunrise is possible if: AIR TEMPERATURE AND DEW
POINT ARE EQUAL OR CLOSE TO ONE ANOTHER
The front at the bottom of the diagram, south of position C, is: AN OCCLUSION ON THE
SURFACE
The front labelled "E" is a: COLD FRONT
The front labelled "Z" is a: WARM FRONT
The front located from 10W to 10E is most likely to be: A QUASI-STATIONARY FRONT
The geostrophic wind depends on: DENSITY, EARTHS ROTATION, GEOGRAPHIC
LATITUDE
The geostrophic wind speed is directly proportional to the: HORIZONTAL PRESSURE
GRADIENT
The greater the pressure gradient the: CLOSER THE ISOBARS AND THE STRONGER
THE WIND
The Harmattan is a: NE WIND AFFECTING NORTH-WEST AFRICA DURING
NOVEMBER TO APRIL REDUCING VISIBILITY IN RISING DUST
The height and the temperature of the tropopause are respectively in the order of: 16 KM AND
-75C OVER THE EQUATOR
The height of the lifting condensation level is determined by: TEMPERATURE AND
DEWPOINT AT THE SURFACE
The Hurricane season is mainly from: JULY UNTIL NOVEMBER
The ICAO Standard Atmosphere (ISA) assumes that temperature will reduce at the rate of:
1.98C PER 1000 FT UP TO 36090 FT AFTER WHICH IT REMAINS CONSTANT TO
65617 FT
The intertropical convergence zone: IS CHARACTERIZED BY DIFFERENT WIND
DIRECTIONS ON BOTH SIDES OF THE ZONE
The isobars drawn on a surface weather chart represent lines of equal pressure: REDUCED TO
SEA LEVEL
The jetstream and associated clear air turbulence can sometimes be visually identified in flight
by: LONG STREAKS OF CIRRUS CLOUDS
The length, width and depth of a typical mid-latitude jet stream are respectively: 1000
NAUTICAL MILES, 150 NAUTICAL MILES, 10000FEET
The lowest cloud base forecast at ETA Zurich (1200 UTC) is:; LSZH 061019 20018G30KT
9999 -RA SCT050 BKN080 TEMPO 23012KT 6000 -DZ BKN015 BKN030 BECMG 1518
23020G35KT 4000 RA OVC010=; 1500 FT
The lowest cloud type observed is Stratus fractus, and there is moderate continuous rain. The
area in which you are at this moment is most likely situated: IN THE MAIN BODY OF A
WARM OR COLD FRONT
The lowest visibility forecast at ETA Zurich 1430 UTC is:; LSZH 261019 20018G30KT 9999
-RA SCT050 BKN080 TEMPO 23012KT 6000 -DZ BKN015 BKN030 BECMG 1518
23020G35KT 4000 RA OVC010=: 6 KM
The main components of a cirrostratus are: ICE CRYSTALS
The main components of an altostratus are: ICE CRYSTALS AND WATER DROPLETS
The main factor which contributes to the formation of very low clouds ahead of a warm front is
the: SATURATION OF THE COLD AIR BY RAIN FALLING INTO IT AND
EVAPORATING
The maximum amount of water vapour that the air can contain depends on the: AIR
TEMPERATURE
The maximum vapour pressure over a flat supercooled water surface and the maximum vapour
pressure over a flat ice surface of the same temperature are compared. The maximum vapour
pressure is: GREATER OVER THE WATER SURFACE
The mean height of the tropical tropopause is: 54000 FT
The mean height of the tropical zero degree isotherm is: 16000 FT
The mean temperature that may be expected to affect that segment of the route from the coast of
SE England to Geneva at FL 270 is: -38C
The mean wind that may be expected to affect the route segment from the coast of SE England
to Geneva at FL 270 is: 220/70
The morning following a clear, calm night when the temperature has dropped to the dewpoint, is
likely to produce: RADIATION FOG
The most dangerous form of airframe icing is: CLEAR ICE
The most dangerous icing conditions are encountered in: SUPERCOOLED
PRECIPITATION
The most dangerous low level wind shears are encountered: WHEN STRONG GROUND
INVERSIONS ARE PRESENT AND NEAR THUNDERSTORMS
The most effective way to dissipate cloud is by: SUBSIDENCE
The most hazardous type of cloud that may be encountered on a cross country flight is:
CUMULONIMBUS
The most likely place to encounter clear air turbulence associated with a jet stream is: CLOSE
TO THE CORE ON THE SIDE FACING THE POLAR AIR
The most likely reason for radiation fog to dissipate or become low stratus is: INCREASING
SURFACE WIND SPEED
The occurrence of freezing rain at FL 60 is most likely in square: 3C
The passage of a warm front can be associated with areas of fog. The types of fog just in
advance and just after the passage are respectively: FRONTAL FOG AND ADVECTION
FOG
The polar front is the boundary between: POLAR AIR AND TROPICAL AIR
The polar front is: THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN POLAR AND TROPICAL AIR
MASSES
The position of the intertropical convergence zone: SHOWS MORE VARIATION OVER
THE CONTINENTS THAN OVER THE OCEANS
The presence of altocumulus castellanus indicates: INSTABILITY IN THE MIDDLE
TROPOSPHERE
The presence of altocumulus lenticularis is an indication of the: PRESENCE OF MOUNTAIN
WAVES
The presence of ice pellets at the surface is evidence that: FREEZING RAIN OCCURS AT A
HIGHER ALTITUDE
The presence of ice pellets at the surface is the evidence that: TEMPERATURES ARE
ABOVE FREEZING AT SOME HIGHER ALTITUDES.
The pressure altitude is equal to the true altitude if: STANDARD ATMOSPHERIC
CONDITIONS OCCUR
The pressure distribution located mainly in square 2A is a: RIDGE OF HIGH PRESSURE
The pressure system at position "D" is a: COL
The pressure system indicated in a vertical cross section by pressure surfaces at lower heights
bulging upward and pressure surfaces at greater heights bulging downward, is a: COLD HIGH
PRESSURE AREA
The prevailing surface wind in the area of the west coast of Africa north of the equator (gulf of
Guinea) is a: SW MONSOON IN SUMMER AND NE TRADEWIND IN WINTER
The processes and/or effects which cause clouds to release precipitation are: COALESCENCE
PROCESS AND BERGERON-FINDEISEN PROCESS
The QFF at an airfield in California located 69 metres below sea level is 1030 hPa. The air
temperature is 10C lower than a standard atmosphere. What is the QNH? MORE THAN 1030
HPA
The QFF at an airfield located 400 metres above sea level is 1016 hPa. The air temperature is
10C higher than a standard atmosphere. What is the QNH? MORE THAN 1016 HPA
The QFF at an airfield located 400 metres above sea level is 1016 hPa. The air temperature is
10C lower than a standard atmosphere. What is the QNH? LESS THAN 1016 HPA
The QNH at an airfield in California located 69 metres below sea level is 1018 hPa. The air
temperature is 10C higher than a standard atmosphere. What is the QFF? MORE THAN 1018
HPA
The QNH at an airfield located 200 metres above sea level is 1009 hPa. The air temperature is
10C lower than a standard atmosphere. What is the QFF? MORE THAN 1009 HPA
The QNH at an airfield located 200 metres above sea level is 1022 hPa. The air temperature is
not available. What is the QFF? IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO GIVE A DEFINITIVE ANSWER
The QNH at an airfield located at mean sea level is 1022 hPa. The air temperature is not
available. What is the QFF? 1022 HPA
The QNH is equal to the QFE if: THE ELEVATION = 0
The QNH of an airport at sea level is 983 hPa and the temperature deviation from ISA is -15C
below FL 100. What is the true altitude of FL 100? 8640 FT
The radiosonde can directly measure: ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, AIR TEMPERATURE,
HUMIDITY.
The range of wind speed in which radiation fog is most likely to form is: BELOW 5 KT
The rate of cooling of ascending saturated air is less than the rate of cooling of ascending
unsaturated air because: HEAT IS RELEASED DURING THE CONDENSATION
PROCESS
The reason for the fact, that the atmospheric pressure of a polar front depression is normally
lower in winter than in summer is that: THE TEMPERATURE CONTRASTS BETWEEN
ARCTIC AND EQUATORIAL AREAS ARE MUCH GREATER IN WINTER
The region of the globe where the greatest number of tropical revolving storms occur is: THE
NORTH-WEST PACIFIC, AFFECTING JAPAN, TAIWAN, KOREA AND THE
CHINESE COASTLINE
The relative humidity of a sample air mass is 50%. How is the relative humidity of this air mass
influenced by changes of the amount of water vapour in it? IT INCREASES WITH
INCREASING WATER VAPOUR
The RVR, as reported in a METAR, is always the: VALUE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE
TOUCHDOWN ZONE
The sea breeze is a wind from the sea: OCCURING ONLY IN THE LOWER LAYERS OF
THE ATMOSPHERE IN DAYTIME
The slope and speed of a warm front compared to the slope and speed of a cold front is in
general: SMALLER AND SLOWER
The stability in a layer increases by advection of: COLD AIR IN THE LOWER PART
The stability in a layer is increasing if: WARM AIR IS ADVECTED IN THE UPPER PART
AND COLD AIR IN THE LOWER PART
The stable layer at some height in the low troposphere of an older high pressure area in the midlatitudes is called: SUBSIDENCE INVERSION
The station pressure used in surface weather charts is: QFF
The SW monsoon starts in the month of: JUNE IN SOUTHERN INDIA TO REACH
PAKISTAN IN JULY
The TAF weather messages are: AIRPORT FORECASTS
The temperature at 10000 FT in the ICAO Standard Atmosphere is: -5C
The temperature at FL 110 is -5C. What will the temperature be at FL 50 if the ICAO standard
lapse rate is applied ? +7C
The temperature at FL 140 is -12C. What will the temperature be at FL 110 if the ICAO
standard lapse rate is applied ? -6C
The temperature at FL 160 is -22C. What will the temperature be at FL 90 if the ICAO standard
lapse rate is applied ? -8C
The temperature at FL 330 overhead London will be: -45C
The temperature at FL 80 is +6C. What will the temperature be at FL 130 if the ICAO standard
lapse rate is applied ? -4CThe most frequent wind direction in a valley caused by thermal
effects is toward the: MOUNTAIN DURING DAYLIGHT HOURS
The temperature at the surface is given as +15C and at 4000 FT it is +9C, the state of this
layer is said to be: STABLE
The temperature deviation from ISA (to the nearest C) overhead Charleston at FL 340 is: +5
The temperature lapse rate of the ICAO standard atmosphere in the troposphere is: 2C/1000
FT
The term CAVOK is used when weather conditions are: 9999, NSC, NSW
The term PROB as used in a TAF message, indicates the probability in percentage, of
phenomena described during a specific period. The numerical values immediately following the
term PROB, are: 30 OR 40
The thickness of the troposphere varies with: LATITUDE
The trade winds on the northern hemisphere blow from NORTH-EAST
The transition from SW to NE monsoon in India occurs in: SEPTEMBER, OCTOBER,
NOVEMBER
The tropopause is a level at which: TEMPERATURE CEASES TO FALL WITH

INCREASING HEIGHT
The tropopause is lower: OVER THE NORTH POLE THAN OVER THE EQUATOR
The troposphere is the: PART OF THE ATMOSPHERE BELOW THE TROPOPAUSE
The troposphere: HAS A GREAT VERTICAL EXTENT ABOVE THE EQUATOR THAN
ABOVE THE POLES
The turbulence which occurs at high flight levels (above FL 250) is mainly of the type Clear Air
Turbulence. In what way can moderate to severe Clear Air Turbulence affect an aircraft, the
flight and the passengers? THE TURBULENCE IS A SMALL SCALE ONE AND CAN
CAUSE DAMAGE. THE MANOEUVRING OF THE AIRCRAFT WILL BE MADE
MORE DIFFICULT OR IMPOSSIBLE. FOR THE PASSANGERS THE FLIGHT WILL
BE UNPLEASANT
The type of icing that occurs in dense clouds with large supercooled drops that have a
temperature of -5C is most likely to be: CLEAR ICE
The typical weather conditions affecting the Darwin area during July are: DRY SEASONMAINLY SE WINDS-VISIBILITY REDUCED BY DUST AND HAZE
The upper wind and temperature chart of 250 hPa corresponds, in a standard atmosphere, to
about: 34000 FT
The validity of a routine TAF is: STATED IN THE TAF
The value of the saturated adiabatic lapse rate is closest to that of the dry adiabatic lapse rate in:
CIRRUS
The vertical extent of the friction layer depends primarily on: STABILITY, WIND SPEED,
ROUGHNES OF SURFACE
The warm sector is indicated by: NUMBER 3
The weather activity within a cold air pool is usually greatest: IN THE AFTERNOON
The weather most likely to be experienced at position "B" is: FREQUENT SHOWERS OF
RAIN OR SNOW, GOOD VISIBILITY OUTSIDE SHOWERS
The weather most likely to be experienced at position "B" is: FREQUENT SHOWERS OF
RAIN OR SNOW
The weather most likely to be experienced at position "R" is: FINE AND WARM AT FIRSTAC CASTELLANUS AND CB IN LATE AFTERNOON WITH THUNDERSTORMS
The weather most likely to be experienced at position "S" is: FREQUENT HERAVY
SHOWERS OF RAIN OR SNOW
The weather most likely to be experienced at position "S" is: OVERCAST WITH DRIZZLE
AND OROGRAPHIC FOG
The weather most likely to be experienced at position A is: MAINLY OVERCAST WITH
STRATUS OR STRATOCUMULUS AND DRIZZLE, MEDIUM TO STRONG WINDS
The weather most likely to be experienced near to position "A" is: FREQUENT SHOWERS
OF RAIN AND SNOW, GOOD VISIBILITY OUTSIDE PRECIPITATION
The weather most likely to be experienced on the coast near position "Q" is: SHOWERY
WITH GENERALLY GOOD VISIBILITY
The widest precipitation zone occurs usually: AHEAD OF A WARM FRONT
The wind at 500ft above ground is 290/15kt and at the same position at 600ft above ground
300/22kt. How is this wind situation called? MODERATE VERTICAL WIND SHEAR
The wind direction in a METAR is measured relative to: TRUE NORTH
The wind indicator for a weather observation receives the measured value from an anemometer.
Where is this instrument placed? ON A MAST 6-10 M ABOVE THE RUNWAY.
The wind speed in a system with curved isobars compared to a system with straight isobars is
(other conditions being the same): HIGHER IS CURVATURE IS ANTYCICLONIC
The wind tends to follow the contour lines (isohypses) above the friction layer because: THE
CORIOLIS FORCE TENDS TO BALANCE WITH THE HORIZONTAL PRESSURE
GRADIENT FORCE
This chart shows the weather conditions on the ground at 0600 UTC on May 23. Which of the
following reports reflects weather development at Geneva Airport? TAF LSGG 230600Z
230716 20016KT 8000 -RA BKN030 OVC070 BECMG 0810 5000 RA BKN020 OVC050
TEMPO 1012 3000 +RA BKN010 OVC030 BECMG 1215 25014KT 8000 SCT030 BKN090
=
Thunderstorms are often preceded by: ALTOCUMULUS CASTELLANUS
Thunderstorms can occur on a warm front if the: WARM AIR IS MOIST AND THE
ENVIRONMENTAL LAPSE RATE EXCEEDS THE SATURATED ADIABATIC LAPSE
RATE
Thunderstorms in exceptional circumstances can occur in a warm front if: THE WARM AIR IS
UNSTABLE
Thunderstorms reach their greatest intensity during the: MATURE STAGE
To what extent is Munich covered by clouds ? 5 TO 8 OKTAS
To which aerodrome is the following TAF most applicable ? TAF 231019 24014KT 6000
SCT030 BKN100 TEMPO 1113 25020G38KT 2500 +TSRA SCT008 BKN025CB BECMG
1315 28012KT 9999 SCT025 TEMPO 5000 SHRA BKN020 BECMG 1719 27008KT 9999
SCT030: LOWW
To which type of message does the following text belong? MBST APCH RWY26 REP AT
1510 B747 30KT ASPEEDL 2NM FNA= WIND SHEAR WARNING
Tropical revolving storms are NOT formed in: SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
Tropical revolving storms do not occur in the southeast Pacific and the south Atlantic mainly
because: OF THE LOW WATER TEMPERATURE
Troughs are extensions of: LOW PRESSURE AREAS AND GENERALLY HAVE LARGE
AMOUNTS OF CLOUD
Two aircraft are flying simultaneously in level flight at different flight levels on opposite tracks
overhead a given position.; Aircraft A flying at FL 070 experiences a 30 kt headwind.; Aircraft B
flying at FL 060 experiences a 20 kt headwind.; None of the aircraft experiences cross wind.
This wind condition will be referred to as: VERTICAL WIND SHEAR ONLY
Two aircraft, one with a sharp wing profile (S), and the other with a thick profile (T), are flying
through the same cloud with same true airspeed. The cloud consists of small supercooled
droplets. Which of the following statements is most correct concerning ice accretion ?
AIRCRAFT S EXPERIENCES MORE ICING THAN T
Under anticyclone conditions in the northern hemisphere, with curved isobars the speed of the
gradient wind is: GREATER THAN THE GEOSTROPHIC WIND
Under the weather conditions depicted, which of the following statements is likely to apply?
THUNDERSTORMS MAY OCCUR IN THE SUMMER MONTHS OVER CENTRAL
EUROPE
Under what condition does pressure altitude have the same value as density altitude ? AT
STANDARD TEMPERATURE
Under which of the following conditions is the most severe CAT likely to be experienced ?A
CURVED JET STREAM NEAR A DEEP TROUGH
Under which of these conditions is radiation fog most likely to form? LITTLE OR NO
CLOUD
Updraughts in a thunderstorm are prevailing during the: INITIAL STAGE
Vertical wind shear is: A CHANGE OF HORIZONTAL WIND DIRECTION AND/OR
SPEED WITH HEIGHT
Visibility is reduced by haze when: DUST PARTICLES ARE TRAPPED BELOW AND
INVERSION
Weather conditions at Mumbai during early July are mainly influenced by the: SW MONSOON
Weather conditions at Mumbai during January are mainly influenced by the: NE MONSOON
What are squall lines? BANDS OF INTENSIVE THUNDERSTORMS
What are the characteristics of cumuliform clouds? LARGE WATER DROPLETS,
INSTABILITY, SHOWERS AND MAINLY CLEAR ICE
What are the characteristics of rime ice, and what conditions are most favourable for its
formation? MIKY GRANULAR APPEARANCE, FORMING ON LEADING EDGES AND
ACCUMULATING FORWARD INTO THE AIR STREAM. STRATIFORM CLOUDS AT
TEMPERATURES OF-10C TO -20C ARE MOST CONDICIVE TO ITS FORMATION.
What are the characteristics of the Bora ? IT IS A COLD AND VERY STRONG WIND
THAT BLOWS MAINLY IN WINTER FROM A TABLELAND DOWNWARDS TO THE
ADRIATIC
What are the colours with which a stationary front is shown on a surface chart? RED AND
BLUE
What are the conditions required for the formation of hoar frost? THE TEMPERATURE OF
THE SURFACE IS LOWER THAN THE DEW POINT OF THE AIR AND THE
DEWPOINT IS LOWER THAN 0C
What are the differences between radiation fog and advection fog ? RADIATION FOG
FORMS DUE TO SURFACE COOLING AT NIGHT IN A LIGHT WIND. ADVECTION
FOG FORMS WHEN WARM HUMID AIR FLOWS OVER A COLD SURFACE
What are the images of satellites provided daily by the Weather Service used for? TO LOCATE
FRONTS IN AREAS WITH FEW OBSERVATION STATIONS
What are the meanings of the meteorological abbreviations SQ, BR, MIFG and SG
respectively? SUDDEN INCREASE IN WIND SPEED LASTING FOR AT LEAST ONE
MINUTE/MIST/SHALLOW FOG/SNOWGRAINS
What are the normal and official sources of meteorological information for an aircraft in flight?
VOLMET BROADCAST;ATIS;ALL ATS-UNITS
What are the requirements for the formation of a thunderstorm? AN ADEQUATE SUPPLY OF
MOISTURE, CONDITIONAL INSTABILITY AND A LIFTING ACTION
What are the typical differences with regard to the temperature and humidity between an air
mass with its origin in the Azores and an air mass with its origin over northern Russia ? THE
AIR OF THE AZORES IS WARMER AND MORE HUMID THAN THE NORTHRUSSIAN AIR
What are the typical weather conditions in a cold air pool in summer? PRECIPITATION IS
PREDOMINANT
What are the typical weather conditions in a warm anticyclone over land? FINE WEATHER
DOMINATES IN SUMMER
What are the typical weather conditions in a westerly situation? VERY CHANGEABLE
What are the typical weather conditions in an area with a flat pressure pattern in summer?
GENERALLY FIEN WEATHER, POSSIBLY THUNDERSTORMS IN THE
AFTERNOON OR EVENING
What average geographical latitude is assumed for the zone of the subtropical high? 30N
What causes surface winds to flow across the isobars at an angle rather than parallel to the
isobars ? SURFACE FRICTION
What change in pressure, will occur at point A, during the next hour? A RISE IN PRESSURE
What change in pressure, will occur at point B, during the next hour? APPROXMATELY
CONSTANT PRESSURE
What change in pressure, will occur at point F, during the next hour? A DROP IN PRESSURE
What change in temperature will occur at point A during the next hour? A DROP IN
TEMPERATURE
What change in temperature will occur at point B during the next hour? APPROXIMATELY
CONSTANT TEMPERATURE
What characteristic is associated with a temperature inversion ? STABILITY
What characteristics will the surface winds have in an area where the isobars on the weather
map are very close together? STRONG AND FLOWING SOMEWHAT ACROSS THE
ISOBARS
What characterizes a stationary front ? THE SURFCE WIND USSUALLY HAS ITS
DIRECTION PARALLEL TO THE FRONT
What cloud cover is typical for a wide warm sector of a polar front depression over Central
Europe in the summer ? FAIR WEATHER CU
What cloud type can produce freezing rain? NIMBOSTRATUS
What conditions are most likely to lead to the formation of hill fog? HUMID STABLE AIR
MASS, WIND BLOWING TOWARDS THE HILLS
What conditions are most likely to prevail at an aerodrome located in square 3B? 6-8 OKTAS
SC AND ST, VISIBILITY MODERATE TO POOR IN DRIZZLE
What conditions are necessary for vertical visibility to be reported? WHENEVER THE SKY
IS OBSCURED BY FOG OR HEAVY PRECIPITATION AND THE HEIGHT OF THE
CLOUD BASE CANNOT BE MEASURED
What degree of aircraft icing is determined by the following ICAO description?"Conditions in
which change of heading and/or altitude may be considered desirable" MODERATE
What degree of aircraft icing is determined by the following ICAO description? "Conditions in
which immediate change of heading and/or altitude is considered essential" SEVERE
What degree of turbulence, if any, is likely to be encountered while flying through a cold front
in the summer over Central Europe at FL 100? SEVERE TURBULENCE IN CB CLOUD
What does dewpoint mean? THE TEMPERATURE TO WHICH A MASS OF AIR MUST
BE COOLED IN ORDER TO REACH SATURATION
What does the abbreviation "BKN" mean? 5-7 EIGHTS OF THE SKY IS CLOUD
COVERED
What does the abbreviation "nosig" mean? NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES
What does the code R24R/P1500 mean? RVR RWY 24 RIGHT ABOVE 1500 METRES
What does the code TAF AMD mean? REVISED TAF

What does the symbol indicate on a significant weather chart? THE CENTER OS A
TROPOPAUSE HIGH, WHERE THE TROPOPAUSE IS AT FL 400
What does the term METAR signify? A METAR SIGNIFIES THE ACTUAL WEATHER
REPORT AT AN AERODROME AND IS GENERALLY ISSUED IN HALF-HOURLY
INTERVALS
What does the term SIGMET signify? A SIGMET IS A WARNING OF DANGEROUS
METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
What does the term TREND signify?IT IS A LANDING FORECAST ADDED TO THE
ACTUAL WEATHER REPORT
What feature is normally associated with the initial stage of a thunderstorm? CONTINUOUS
UPDRAFT
What flight conditions are most likely to be experienced in square 2B by an aircraft at FL 120?
VMC ABOVE LAYERS OF ST AND SC, GENERALLY STABLE CONDITIONS
What flying conditions are normally encountered when flying in cirrus clouds? AVERAGE
HORIZONTAL VISIBILITY MORE THAN 1000 M, NIL ICING
What information is given on a Significant Weather Chart? THE SIGNIFICANT WEATHER
FORECAST FOR THE TIME GIVEN ON THE CHART
What information is required to calculate a lowest usable flight level from a given minimum
safe altitude? LOWEST VALUE OF QNH AND THE HIGUEST NEGATIV
TEMPERATURE DEVIATION FROM ISA
What intensity and type of aircraft icing is likely to occur at FL 100 in a thunderstorm, with the
freezing level at 7000 FT? MODERATE TO SEVERE ICING DUE TO CLEAR ICE
What intensity and type of airframe icing is most likely to occur when flying at FL 170 in AS
with the outside air temperature at -20C? LIGHT-RIME
What intensity and type of airframe icing is most likely to occur when aircraft descend rapidly
from FL 320 (temp. -45C) to FL 60 in warm, moist clear air? LIGHT OR MODERATE
HOAR FROST
What is "mixing ratio"? THE NUMBER OF GRAMMES OF WATER VAPOUR PER
KILOGRAMME OF DRY AIR
What is a characteristic of stable air? STRATIFORM CLOUDS
What is a characteristic phenomenon for a stable atmosphere? STATIFIED CLOUDS
What is a downburst? A CONCENTRATED DOWNDRAFT WITH HIGH SPEEDS AND A
LOWER TEMPERATURE THAN A SORROUNDING AIR
What is a favourable synoptic situation for the development of a Scirocco? LOW PRESSURE
AREA IN THE WESTERN PART OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA
What is a Foehn wind? IT IS AN ADIABATICALLY HEATED WIND BLOWING DOWN
A MOUNTAIN SIDE. THE TEMPERATURE ON THE LEE SIDE IS NORMALLY
HIGUER THAN ON THE WINDWARD SIDE OG THE MOUNTAIN AT THE SAME
LEVEL
What is a radiosonde? INSTRUMENT INTENDED TO BE CARRIED BY A BALLON UP
THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE, EQUIPPED WITH DEVICES TO MEASURE
METEREOLOGICAL VARIABLES AND PROVIDED WITH A RADIO TRANSMITTER
FOR SENDING THIS INFORMATION TO THE OBSERVING STATION
What is a SPECI? A SPECIAL AERODROME WEATHEWR REPORT, ISSUED WHEN A
SIGNIFICANT CHANGE OF THE WEATHER CONDITIONS HAVE BEEN
OBSERVED
What is a stormscope? AN INSTRUMENT ON BOARD AN AIRCRAFT TO DETECT
ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES
What is a trend forecast? A LANDING FORECAST APPENDED TO METAR/SPECI,
VALID FOR 2 HOURS
What is a VOLMET broadcast? PROVISION, AS APPROPIARATE, OF CURRENT
METAR, SPECI, TAF, AND SIGMET BY MEANS OF CONTNUOUS AND REPETITIVE
VOICE BROADCAST
What is an aerodrome warning ? A MESSAGE ISSUED BY A METEREOLOGICAL
OFFICE CONCERNING THE METEREOLOGICAL CONDITIONS WHICH COULD
ADVERSELY AFFECT AN AIRCRAFT ON GROUND, INCLUDING PARKED
AIRCRAFT, AND THE AERODROME FACILITIES AND SERVICES
What is characteristic of the pamperos? A MARKED ADVANCE OF COLD AIR IN SOUTH
AMERICA
What is determined by a transmissometer? VISIBILITY, RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE

What is encountered during the summer, over land, in the centre of a cold air pool? SHOWERS
AND THUNDERSTORMS
What is meant by QFE? THE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AT THE OFFICIAL
AERODROME ELEVATION
What is meant by QFF? THE PRESSENT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AT AN
AERODROME COVERTED TO MEAN SEA LEVEL IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
ACTUAL CONDITIONS
What is meant by the term "altitude"? THE VERTICAL DISTANCE OF A LEVEL OR A
POINT MEASURED FROM MEAN SEA LEVEL
What is necessary for the development of a polar front jet stream? STRONG HORIZONTAL
TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS
What is normally the most effective measure to reduce or avoid CAT effects? CHANGE OF
FLIGHT LEVEL
What is signified if an occlusion is described as "cold"? THE AIR AHEAD OF THE
ASSOCIATED WARM FRONT IS LESS COLD THAN THE AIR BEHIND THE
ASSOCIATED COLD FRONT
What is the approximate composition of the dry air by volume in the troposphere ? 21%
OXYGEN, 78% NITROGEN, AND THE REST OTHER GASSES
What is the approximate height of the tropopause between Munich and Helsinki? FL340
What is the approximate maximum diameter of a the area affected by damaging winds at the
surface caused by a microburst ? 4 KM
What is the approximate ratio between height and width for a jet stream cross section? 1/100
What is the approximate speed of a 25-knot wind, expressed in kilometres per hour? 45 KM/H
What is the approximate speed of a 40-knot wind, expressed in m/sec? 20M/SEC
What is the approximate speed of a 90 km/h wind, expressed in knots? 50 KT
What is the approximate vertical interval which is equal to a pressure change of 1 hPa at an
altitude of 5500 m? 15 M (50 FT)
What is the approximate vertical interval which is equal to a pressure change of 1 hPa at sea
level? 8M(27 FT)
What is the average height of the arctic jet stream core? 20000 FT
What is the average height of the jet core within a polar front jet stream? 30000FT
What is the average temperature at FL 160 between Oslo and Paris ? -19C
What is the average temperature difference from ISA at FL 300 between Edinburgh and
Madrid? -2C
What is the average temperature difference from ISA at FL 390 between Madrid and Dhahran?
-1C
What is the average vertical extent of radiation fog? 500 FT
What is the average wind forecast for FL 300 between Edinburgh and Madrid? 280/30
What is the best approximation for the wind speed at flight level 250? BY INTERPOLATION
OF THE WIND INFORMATION AVAILABLE FROM THE 500 AND 300 HPA CHARTS,
WHILE ALSO CONSIDERING THE MAXIMUM WIND INFORMATION FOUND ON
THE SIGNIFICANT WEATHER CHART
What is the best way in dealing with thunderstorms associated with a cold front? AVOIDANCE
OF EMBEDDED CBS BY USING AIRBONE WEATHER RADAR
What is the boundary layer between troposphere and stratosphere called? TROPOPAUSE
What is the classification of the airmass affecting position "Q" at 0600 UTC? TROPICAL
MARITIME
What is the correct term for the descending air flow in a large high pressure area?
SUBSIDENCE
What is the deviation of the temperature at FL 140 above Copenhagen compared to ISA? 8C
COLDER THAN ISA
What is the difference between radiation fog and advection fog ? RADIATION FOG FORMS
DUE TO SURFACE COOLING AT NIGHT IN A LIGHT WIND. ADVECTION FOG
FORMS WHEN WARM HUMID AIR FLOWS OVER A COLD SURFACE
What is the dry adiabatic lapse rate ? 3C/1000 FT
What is the effect of a strong low level inversion ? IT PROMOTES VERTICAL WIND
SHEAR
What is the height of the lowest cloud forecast for Bangkok at ETA 1400 UTC ? TAF VTBD
271800Z 280024 VRB05KT 1200 BR TEMPO 0002 4000 BECMG 0205 9999 SCT015
BKN100 TEMPO 1118 04010G20KT 5000 TSRA SCT009 BKN014 BKN018CB BECMG 2024
6000= 900 FEET
What is the ICAO qualifying term for the described intensity of turbulence:; "Conditions in
which abrupt changes in aircraft attitude and/or altitude occur; aircraft may be out of control for
short periods"? SEVERE
What is the likely track for a hurricane in the Caribbean area? WEST IN THE EARLIER
STAGES AND LATER TURNING NORTH EAST
What is the lowest cloud base forecast for arrival at Geneva (ETA 1200 UTC)? TAF LSGG
020900Z 021019 18007KT 9999 SCT020 BKN100 BECMG 1114 8000 RA SCT010 OVC020
PROB30 TEMPO 1018 VRB10G25KT TSRA SCT005 BKN015CB= 500 FT
What is the lowest cloud base that can be expected from the forecast for 1500 UTC ? KCHS
280430Z 280606 VRB05KT 4000 BR SCT005 OVC013 PROB40 SHRA BECMG 1314 9000
SHRA OVC015 PROB40 TEMPO 1416 VRB15G25KT 1600 TSRA OVC010CB BECMG 1618
26010KT BKN030 BECMG 2122 CAVOK. 1000 FEET
What is the lowest possible cloud base forecast for 2300 UTC? EDDF 272200Z 280624
VRB05KT 4000 BR SCT005 OVC013 BECMG 1314 9000 SHRA OVC015 PROB40 TEMPO
1416 VRB15G25KT 1600 TSRA OVC010CB BECMG 1618 26010KT BKN030 BECMG 2122
CAVOK= 5000 FEET
What is the lowest probable cloud base forecast for ETA 1700 UTC at Kingston ? TAF MKJP
160000Z 160606 36010KT 9999 FEW025 BECMG 1315 14020G34KT FEW015CB SCT025
PROB30 TEMPO 1520 6000 +SHRA SCT010 BKN015CB BECMG 2301 34010KT FEW025=
1000FT
What is the lowest visibility forecast for approach into Geneva (ETA 1200 UTC)? TAF LSGG
020900Z 021019 18007KT 9999 SCT020 BKN100 BECMG 1114 8000 RA SCT010 OVC020
PROB30 TEMPO 1018 VRB10G25KT TSRA SCT005 BKN015CB= 8KM
What is the lowest visibility forecast for Bangkok at ETA 1400 UTC ? TAF VTBD 271800Z
280024 VRB05KT 1200 BR TEMPO 0002 4000 BECMG 0205 9999 SCT015 BKN100
TEMPO 1118 04010G20KT 5000 TSRA SCT009 BKN014 BKN018CB BECMG 2024 6000=
5KM
What is the lowest visibility that may be expected during an approach into Dhahran at ETA
0600 UTC ? TAF OEDR 280000Z 280110 VRB08KT CAVOK BECMG 0103 7000 TEMPO
0410 28014G24KT 4000 SA= 4KM
What is the main cause for the formation of a polar front jet stream? THE NORTH-SOUTH
HORIZONTAL TEMPERATURE GRADIENT AT THE POLAR FRONT
What is the main composition of clouds classified as "high level clouds"? ICE CRYSTALS
What is the main energy source of a tropical revolving storm? LATENT HEAT RELEASED
FROM CONDENSING WATER VAPOUR
What is the meaning of "RERA" in a METAR? THERE HAS BEEN MODERATE OR
HEAVY RAIN SINCE THE LAST ISSUE OF METAR
What is the meaning of the abbreviation "SCT" ? 3-4 OKTAS
What is the meaning of the different coloured areas on a plan position indicator of an airborne
weather radar? DIFERENT RANGES OF INTENSITIES OF PRECIPITATION
What is the meaning of the expression "FEW"? 1-2 OKTAS
What is the meaning of the following weather message? CNL WS WRNG 1 211130/211330=
THE FIRST WIND SHEAR WARNING ON THE 21ST OF A MONTH, ISSUED AT 1130
UTC HAS BEEN CANCELLED AT THE SAME DAY AT 13.30 UTC
What is the minimum speed for a wind to be classified as a jet stream? 60 KT
What is the most likely cause of a lack of clouds at higher levels in a stationary high?
SINKING AIR
What is the most likely forecast lowest cloud base that can be expected during an approach to
Madrid into 2300 UTC? TAF LEMD 281200Z 281812 13005KT CAVOK TEMPO 1821 8000
SCT020 SCT030 BECMG 2123 21005KT 9999 SCT015 BKN080 PROB40 TEMPO 2306 6000
SCT008 1500 FEET
What is the most likely temperature at the tropical tropopause? -75C
What is the most probable temperature at the tropical tropopause? -75C
What is the most significant difference between an equatorial jet stream and all the other jet
streams ? WIND DIRECTION
What is the name of the northerly, cold and strong wind, that sometimes blows over a certain
part of Europe? MISTRAL
What is the name of the wind or air mass which gives to the main part of India its greatest
proportion of precipitation? SOUTH-WEST MONSOON

What is the optimum flight level between Rome and Paris according to the significant weather
chart? FL 220
What is the relationship between visibility and RVR in homogeneous fog? THE VISIBILITY
IS GENEARALLY LESS THAN THE RVR
What is the relationship, if any, between QFE and QNH at an airport situated 50 FT below sea
level? QFE IS GREATER THAN QNH
What is the relative movement of the two air masses along a cold front ? COLD AIR PUSHES
UNDER A WARM AIR MASS
What is the significance to aviation of breaks or steps in the tropopause ? THEY INDICATE
THE POSITION OF STRONG UPPER WINDS
What is the speed of the front located over France ? 15 KT
What is the strong relatively cold katabatic wind, blowing down the northern Adriatic coast,
mainly during the winter and spring called? BORA
What is the surface visibility most likely to be in a warm sector of maritime tropical air during a
summer afternoon in western Europe? MODERATE (SEVERAL KM)
What is the symbol for hail on a significant weather chart? SYMBOL 2
What is the technical term for an increase in temperature with altitude? INVERSION
What is the temperature deviation in degrees Celsius, from the ICAO Standard Atmosphere
overhead Frankfurt ? ISA - 13C
What is the type, intensity and seasonal variation of precipitation in the equatorial region ?
RAINSHOWERS, HAIL SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS OCCUR THE WHOLE
YEAR, BUT FREQUENCY IS HIGHUEST DURING TWO PERIODS: APRIL-MAY
AND OCTOBER-NOVEMBER
What is the wind speed given in a METAR report based on? THE AVERAGE SPEED OF
THE PREVIOUS 10 MINUTES
What is true for the water vapour distribution in the layer between the surface and the 500 hPa
pressure surface in the tradewind belt? THE LOWER PART IS RELATIVELY MOIST AND
THE UPPER PART IS RELATIVELY DRY
What is, approximately, the temperature at 20000 FT in the ICAO Standard Atmosphere? -25C
What jet streams are likely to be crossed during a flight from Stockholm to Rio de Janeiro
(23S) at FL 350 in July ? A POLAR FRONT JET STREAM FOLLOWED BY ONE OR
TWO SUBTROPICAL JET STREAMS
What kind of fog is often observed in the coastal region of Newfoundland in spring time?
ADVECTION FOG
What kind of turbulence is caused by the friction of air flowing over the earth's surface?
MECHANICAL TURBULENCE
What kind of turbulence is dependent on the sun's radiation and therefore follows a pronounced
diurnal pattern? CONVECTIVE TURBULENCE
What lowest cloud base is most likely to be experienced during an approach into Madrid at 2300
UTC? TAF LEMD 281200Z 281812 13005KT CAVOK TEMPO 1821 8000 SCT020 SCT030
BECMG 2123 21005KT 9999 SCT015 BKN080 PROB40 TEMPO 2306 6000 SCT008= 1500
FEET
What name is given to the jet stream lying across India (A) ? TROPICAL JET STREAM
What name is given to the jet stream lying over North Africa (B) ? SUB-TROPICAL JET
STREAM
What name is given to the jet stream lying over Scandinavia (C)? POLAR FRONT JET
STREAM
What name is given to the low level wind system between the subtropical high pressure belt and
the equatorial trough of low pressure (ITCZ) ? TRADE WINDS
What name is given to the low level wind system between the subtropical high pressure belt and
the equatorial trough of low pressure (ITCZ) ? TRADE WINDS
What OAT would you expect at FL 200 over Geneva ? -24C.
What positions are connected by contour lines on a weather chart? POSITIONS WITH THE
SAME HEIGHT IN A CHART OF CONSTANT PRESSURE
What positions are connected by isobars on the surface weather chart? POSITIONS WITH
THE SAME AIR PRESSURE AT A GIVEN LEVEL
What pressure is defined as QFE? THE PRESSURE AT FIELD ELEVATION
What prevents air from flowing directly from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas ?
CORIOLIS FORCE
What process in an air mass leads to the creation of wide spread NS and AS cloud coverage?
LIFTING
What relationship exists between the wind at 3000 feet and the surface wind? THE WIND AT
3000 FEET IS PARALLEL TO THE ISOHYPSES AND THE SURFACE WIND
DIRECTION IS ACROSS THE ISOBARS TOWARDS THE LOW PRESSURE AND THE
SURFACE WIND IS WEAKER
What surface wind is forecast for 2200 UTC ?; EDDF 272200Z 280624 VRB05KT4000 BR
SCT005 OVC013 BECMG 1314 9000 SHRA OVC015 PROB40 TEMPO 1416 VRB15G25KT
1600 TSRA OVC010CB BECMG 1618 26010KT BKN030 BECMG 2122 CAVOK: 260/10KT
What surface wind is forecast for ETA 1700 UTC at Kingston? MKJP 160430Z 160606
36010KT 9999 FEW025CB BECMG1315 14020G34KT FEW015CB SCT025 PROB30
TEMPO 1720 6000 +SHRA SCT010 BKN015CB BECMG 2301 34010KT FEW025= 140/ 20
KT GUSTS 34 KT
What type of air movement is associated with the centre line of a trough? CONVERGENCE
WITH LIFTING
What type of cloud can produce hail showers? CB
What type of cloud is being described ? A generally grey cloud layer with fairly uniform base
and uniform appearance, which may give drizzle or snow grains. When the sun is visible through
the cloud, the outline is clearly discernible. Sometimes it appears in the form of ragged patches:
STRATUS
What type of clouds are associated with rain showers ? TOWERING CUMULUS AND
CUMULONIMBUS
What type of clouds are associated with snow showers ? CUMULUS AND
CUMULONIMBUS
What type of fog is most likely to form over flat land during a clear night, with calm or light
wind conditions ? RADIATION
What type of front / occlusion usually moves the fastest? COLD FRONT
What type of fronts are most likely to be present during the winter in Central Europe when
temperatures close to the ground are below 0C, and freezing rain starts to fall? WARM
FRONTS, WARM OCCLUSIONS
What type of low pressure area is associated with a surface front? POLAR FRONT LOW
What type of meteorological hazard to safe flight is most likely to be experienced during the
final approach to Geneva (ETA 1200 UTC) ? TAF LSGG 020900Z 021019 18007KT 9999
SCT020 BKN100 BECMG 1114 8000 RA SCT010 OVC020 PROB30 TEMPO 1018
VRB10G25KT TSRA: LOW LEVEL WIND SHEAR
What type of precipitation might occur at 1700 UTC? MKJP 160430Z 160606 36010KT 9999
FEW025 BECMG 1315 14020G34KT FEW015CB SCT025 PROB30 TEMPO 1720 6000
+SHRA SCT010 BKN015CB BECMG 2224 34010KT FEW025= HEAVY RAIN SHOWERS
What type of precipitation might occur at 1730 UTC? MKJP 160430Z 160606 36010KT 9999
FEW025 BECMG 1315 14020G34KT FEW015CB SCT025 PROB30 TEMPO 1720 2500
+SHRA SCT010 BKN015CB BECMG 2224 34010KT FEW025= HEAVY RAIN SHOWERS
What type of precipitation would you expect at an active unstable cold front? SHOWERS
ASSOCIATED WITH THUNDERSTORMS
What type of weather can usually be expected in a polar maritime air mass over central Europe
in the daytime during summer? SHOWERS AND GOOD VISIBILITY
will you see flying at FL 50 towards a warm front? AT SOME 800 KM CS, LATER AS, AND
AT SOME 300 KM NS UNTIL THE FRONT
What units are used to report vertical wind shear? KT/100FT
What visibility is most likely to be experienced at 1400 UTC ?; EDDF 272200Z 280624
VRB05KT4000 BR SCT005 OVC013 BECMG 1314 9000 SHRA OVC015 PROB40 TEMPO
1416 VRB15G25KT 1600 TSRA OVC010CB BECMG 1618 26010KT BKN030 BECMG 2122
CAVOK 9000 METRES
What visibility is most likely to be experienced during an approach into Madrid at 2300 UTC ?
TAF LEMD 281200Z 281812 13005KT CAVOK TEMPO 1821 8000 SCT020 SCT030 BECMG
2123 21005KT 9999 SCT015 BKN080 PROB40 TEMPO 2306 6000 SCT008 10
KILOMETRES OR MORE
What weather conditions are expected at Paris airport (LFPO) around 0550 UTC? 23014KT
3000 +RA SCT008 OVC025 15/13 Q1004 NOSIG=
What weather conditions are indications of the summer monsoon in India?
THUNDERSTORMS, SHOWERS OF HEAVY RAIN
What weather conditions are most likely to affect an approach to Dakar during July? WET
AND THUNDERY DUE TO THE PROXIMITY OF THE INTERTROPICAL
CONVERGENCE ZONE (ITCZ)
What weather conditions are prevalent during the summer, over the North Sea, approximately
300 km behind a quickly moving cold front? CLOUD COVER MOSTLY SCATTERED,
ISOLATED SHOWERS.
What weather conditions in the region of the Alps would you expect with Foehn from south?
CLOUDS, ON THE SOUTHERN SIDES OF PASSES IN THE ALPS
What weather conditions would you expect at a squall line? THUNDERSTORMS
What weather is prevalent in easterly waves? THUNDERSTORMS AND RAIN
What will be the effect on the reading of an altimeter of an aircraft parked on the ground during
the period following the passage of an active cold front ? IT WILL HAVE DECREASED
What will be the effect on the reading of an altimeter of an aircraft parked on the ground shortly
before an active cold front passes? IT WILL BE INCREASING
What will be the effect on the reading of an altimeter of an aircraft parked on the ground as an
active cold front is passing? IT WILL FIRST INCREASE THE DECREASE
What wind direction will occur at point B? SOUTHWEST
What wind direction will occur over the land at point E? WEST
What wind direction will occur over the sea at point F? SOUTH
What wind is forecast at FL 390 over Paris ? 210/40
What winds and air mass characteristics are mainly associated with the winter monsoon in the
monsoon regions of the Indian sub-continent? NORTH-EASTERLY WINDS BRINGING
DRY AND HAZY AIR
What, approximately, is the average height of the tropopause over the equator ? 16 KM
When a front crosses a mountain range, its activity: STRENGTHENS UPWIND OF THE
MOUNTAINS
When a front has to cross a chain of mountains, its activity: STRENGTHENS UPWIND OF
THE MOUNTAINS
When a mass of unsaturated air descends, what effect will it have on relative humidity? IT
DECREASES
When and where is an easterly jet stream likely to be encountered ? IN SUMMER FROM
SOUTH-EAST ASIA EXTENDING OVER SOUTHERN INDIA TO CENTRAL AFRICA
When are the rainy seasons in equatorial Africa? MARCH TO MAY AND OCTOBER TO
NOVEMBER
When compared to the geostrophic wind in the northern hemisphere, surface friction will cause
the surface wind to: BACK AND DECREASE
When do cold occlusions occur most frequently in Europe? SUMMER
When flying at 5000 feet in the northern hemisphere over plains (flat country) with an
anticyclone on the left and a depression on the right, the wind will be: A HEAD WIND
When flying in mountainous terrain and assuming ISA temperatures and strong winds, which of
the following is correct? IN CASE OF VENTURI EFFECT, THE ACTUAL ALTITUDE OF
THE AIRCRAFT IS LOWER THAN THE INDICATED ALTITUDE
When fog is reported, the visibility is below: 1 KM
When front "G" passes position "T" the surface wind should: VEER AND DECREASE
When in summer calm and clear conditions exist, a station on the shore of a large body of water
will experience wind: FROM THE WATER IN DAYTIME AND FROM THE LAND AT
NIGHT
When in the northern hemisphere at the same latitude the distance between isobars is equal then;
THE GRADIENT WIND IN A LOW PRESSURE AREA IS WEAKER THAN IN A HIGH
PRESSURE AREA
When in the upper part of a layer warm air is advected the: STABILITY INCREASES IN
THE LAYER
When is the RVR reported at most airports? WHEN THE VISIBILITY DECREASES
BELOW 1500 M
When isobars, for an area in the mid-latitudes on a weather map, are close together, the wind is
most likely to be: STRONG
When planning a flight at FL 110, which upper wind and temperature chart would be nearest
your flight level ? 700 HPA
When planning a flight at FL 60, which upper wind and temperature chart would be nearest your
flight level ? 850 HPA
When severe mountain waves are present, where would the area of most severe turbulence be
located? IN THE ROTOR ZONE
When the subscale is set to the QNH of an airfield the pressure altimeter indicates:
ELEVATION WHILE LANDING
When the subscale of a pressure altimeter is set to the QFE of the destination airfield it will
indicate: ZERO AT LANDING ROOL OUT
When the temperature and dew point are less than one degree apart the weather conditions are
most likely to be: FOG OR LOW CLOUD
When visibility is reduced by water droplets to less than 1000 metres it is classified as: FOG
When water evaporates into unsaturated air: HEAT IS ABSORBED
When water vapour condenses or water freezes: HEAT IS RELEASED IN BOTH CASES
When will the surface wind in a METAR record a gust factor ? WHEN GUSTS ARE AT
LEAST 10 KNOTS ABOVE THE MEAN WIND SPEED
When, if at all, is a tropical revolving storm most likely to affect Darwin, on the central north
coast of Australia? DECEMBER TO APRIL
Where are easterly waves found? BETWEEN SUBTROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE CELLS
AND ITCZ
Where are the westerlies to be expected? IN THE MID-LATITUDES
Where are you likely to find the strongest winds close to the ground? IN THE TRANSITION
ZONE BETWEEN TWO AIR MASSES
Where do the trade winds blow? BERWEEN THE HORSE LATITUDES AND THE
DOLDRUMS
Where does one normally find the highest cloud tops? IN A TROPICAL CYCLONE
Where does polar continental air originate? SIBERIAN LANDMASS
Where does wind shear occur? AT ANY LEVEL IN THE ATMOSPHERE IF ASSOCIATED
WITH EITHER A CHANGE OF WIND DIRECTION AND/OR WINDSPEED
Where is a squall line most likely to be expected? IN FRONT OF AN ACTIVE COLD
FRONT
Where is the coldest air to be found, in an occlusion with cold front characteristics? BEHIND
THE FRONT
Where is the most dangerous zone in a tropical revolving storm? IN THE WALL OF CLOUDS
AROUND THE EYE
Where is the projection of the polar front jet stream on the surface most likely to be found in
relation to the cold and warm fronts of a depression? 50 TO 200 NM BEHIND THE COLD
FRONT AND 300 TO 450 NM IN THE WARM FRONT
Where is the source of continental tropical air that affects Europe in summer? THE
SOUTHERN BALKAN REGION AND THE NEAR EAST
Where is the wind speed of a polar front jet stream normally at its strongest? IN THE AREA
BETWEEN A TROUGH AND A RIDGE
Where, as a general rule, is the core of the polar front jet stream to be found? IN THE
TROPICAL AIR MASS
Where, during a flight from Marseille to Dakar, in July, may the ITCZ be encountered? IN THE
VICINITY OF DAKAR
Where, in central Europe, are the highest wind speeds to be found ? JUST BELOW THE
TROPOPAUSE
Which airport is most likely to have fog in the coming night? LSZH
Which airport, at 1200 UTC, has the lowest probability of precipitation? LSZH
Which area of a polar front jet stream in the northern hemisphere has the highest probability of
turbulence? LOOKING DOWNSTREAM, THE AREA TO THE LEFT OF THE CORE
Which climatic type is to be expected between 10N and 10S? TROPICAL RAIN CLIMATE
Which cloud species is described by the following definition?; "Clouds which present, in at least
some portion of their upper part, cumuliform protuberances in the form of turrets which
generally give the clouds a crenellated appearance. The turrets, some of which are taller than
they are wide, are connected by a common base and seem to be arranged in lines. The typical
character is especially evident when the clouds are seen from the side." CASTELLANUS
Which cloud type (genus) is described by the following definition? ; "Greyish or bluish cloud
sheet or layer of striated, fibrous or uniform appearance, totally or partly covering the sky, and
having parts thin enough to reveal the sun at least vaguely, as through ground glass. This genus
does not show halo phenomena." ALTOSTRATUS
Which cloud type (genus) is described by the following definition?"Cumulus clouds which are
markedly sprouting and are often of great vertical extent; their bulging upper part frequently
resembles a cauliflower." TOWERING CUMULUS
Which cloud type (genus) is described by the following definition? ; "Grey cloud layer, often
dark, the appearance of which is rendered diffuse by more or less continuously falling rain or
snow, which in most cases reaches the ground. It is thick enough throughout to blot out the sun.
Low, ragged clouds frequently occur below the layer, with which they may or may not merge."
NIMBOSTRATUS
Which cloud type may indicate the presence of severe turbulence ? ALTOCUMMULUS
LENTICULARIS
Which constant pressure altitude chart is standard for FL 100? 700 HPA
Which constant pressure altitude chart is standard for FL50? 850 HPA
Which constant pressure chart is standard for FL 140? 600 HPA
Which cross-section of air mass and cloud presentation is applicable to the straight line A-B? 3
Which degree of aircraft turbulence is determined by the following ICAO description? "There
may be moderate changes in aircraft attitude and/or altitude but the aircraft remains in positive
control at all times. Usually, small variations in air speed. Changes in accelerometer readings of
0.5 to 1.0 g at the aircraft's center of gravity. Occupants feel strain against seat belts. Loose
objects move about. Food service and walking are difficult.": MODERATE
Which degree of aircraft turbulence is determined by the following ICAO
description?"Conditions in which abrupt changes in aircraft attitude and/or altitude occur;
aircraft may be out of control for short periods. Usually, large variations in air speed. SEVERE
Which FL corresponds with the 150 hPa pressure level? FL 450
Which FL corresponds with the 200 hPa pressure level ? FL390
Which FL corresponds with the 300 hPa pressure level ? FL300
Which FL corresponds with the 500 hPa pressure level ? FL 180
Which force causes the surface wind, in the northern hemisphere, to deflect to the left compared
to the geostrophic wind? FRICTIONAL FORCE
Which forces are balanced with geostrophic winds? PRESSURE GRADIENT FORCE,
CORIOLIS FORCE
Which form of precipitation from clouds containing only water is most likely to fall in midlatitudes? DRIZZLE
Which is true of a secondary depression in the northern hemisphere? IT TENDS TO MOVE
ROUND THE PRIMARY IN A CYCLONIC SENSE
Which is true of a typical thermal depression? IT FORMS OVER LAND IN SUMMER
Which is true of advection fog? IT CAN APPEAR SUDDENLY BY DAY OR BY NIGHT
Which is true of Nairobi (Kenya)? THERE ARE TWO WET SEASONS
Which is true of the temperature at the tropopause? IT IS HIGHER IN POLAR REGIONS
THAN IN EQUATORIAL REGIONS
Which jet stream blows all year round, over the northern hemisphere? THE SUBTROPICAL
JET STREAM
Which jet stream is connected with a surface front system? THE POLAR FRONT JET
STREAM
Which kind of meteorological messages are normally transmitted in an ATIS? MET
REPORT/SPECIAL
Which kind of meteorological messages are normally transmitted in a VHF-VOLMET broadcast
within Europe? METAR/SPECI
Which layer of the atmosphere contains more than 90 per cent of all water vapour?
TROPOSPHERE
Which of the following are favourable conditions for the formation of freezing rain? WARM
AIR ALOFT FROM WHICH RAIN IS FALLING INTO AIR WITH A TEMPERATURE
BELOW 0C
Which of the following are medium level clouds ? ALOSTRATUS AND ALTOCUMULUS
Which of the following best describes the intertropical convergence zone ? THE ZONE
WHERE THE TRADE WINDS OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE MEET THOSE
OF THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
Which of the following best describes Zone A? TROUGH OF LOW PRESSURE
Which of the following best describes Zone B? COL
Which of the following best describes Zone C? RIDGE OF HIGHT PRESSURE
Which of the following best describes Zone D? DEPRESSION
Which of the following causes echoes on meteorological radar screens? HAIL
Which of the following changes of state is known as condensation? GAS TO LIQUID
Which of the following changes of state is known as evaporation? LIQUID TO GAS
Which of the following changes of state is known as freezing? LIQUID TO SOLID
Which of the following changes of state is known as melting? SOLID TO LIQUID
Which of the following changes of state is known as sublimation (in meteorology)? SOLID
DIRECT TO VAPOUR
Which of the following circumstances most favour the development of radiation fog? MOIST
AIR OVER LAND DURING CLEAR NIGHT WITH LITTLE WIND
Which of the following circumstances most favours the development of frontal fog?
INCREASE OF THE RELATIVE HUMIDITY BY EVAPORATION OF RAIN DROPS
Which of the following circumstances most favours the development of orographic fog? HIGH
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
Which of the following cloud genera may extend over the low, middle and high stages? CB
Which of the following cloud is classified as low level cloud ? ST
Which of the following cloud types are most likely to produce light to moderate icing when they
are not subject to orographic lifting and consist of supercooled cloud droplets?
ALTOCUMULUS AND ALTOSTRATUS
Which of the following cloud types can project up into the stratosphere? CUMULONIMBUS
Which of the following cloud types is a medium level cloud ? AS
Which of the following cloud types is classified as low level cloud? SC
Which of the following cloud types is found at high level? CS
Which of the following cloud types is found at high levels? CC
Which of the following cloud types is found at high levels? CI
Which of the following cloud types is least likely to produce precipitation ? CI
Which of the following cloud types will most probably form when cold moist air moves over a
warm surface? CUMULUS
Which of the following clouds are classified as medium level clouds in temperate regions ? AS,
AC
Which of the following clouds may extend into more than one level? NIMBOSTRATUS
Which of the following clouds may extend into more than one stage? CUMULUS
CONGESTUS
Which of the following combinations is most characteristic of unstable air behind a cold front?
GOOD VISIBILITY BETWEEN SHOWERS, SHOWERY PRECIPITATION,
CUMULIFORM CLOUDS
Which of the following combinations of pressure and temperature is correct in the ICAO
standard atmosphere? 500 HPA -21.1C
Which of the following conditions are most favourable to the formation of mountain waves ?
STABLE AIR AT MOUNTAIN TOP ALTITUDE AND A WIND AT LEAST 20 KNOTS
BLOWING ACROSS THE MOUNTAIN RIDGE
Which of the following conditions are you most likely to encounter when approaching an active
warm front at medium to low level ? LOW CLOUD BASE AND POOR VISIBILITY
Which of the following conditions gives the highest value of the QNH? QFE= 995 HPA,
ELEVATION= 1600 FT (488M)
Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause airframe icing ? +FZRA
Which of the following conditions is most likely to lead to the formation of steam fog (arctic
smoke)? COLD AIR MOVING OVER WARM WATER
Which of the following conditions would cause the altimeter to indicate a lower altitude than
that actually flown ? AIR TEMPERATURE HIGHER THAN STANDARD
Which of the following constant pressure charts would be most relevant for planning a flight at
FL 430? 150 HPA

FL 260? 400 HPA
FL 330? 250 HPA
Which of the following describes a warm occlusion? THE COLDER AIR MASS IS AHEAD
OF THE ORIGINAL WARM FRONT
Which of the following extracts of weather reports could be, in accordance with the regulations,
abbreviated to "CAVOK"? (MSA minus airport elevation equals: LSZB 10000 FT, LSZH 8000
FT, LSGG 12000 FT, LFSB 6000 FT) LSGG 22003KT 9999 SCT120 BKN280 09/08 Q1026
BECMG 500 BR=
Which of the following factors have the greatest effect on the formation of the various types of
ice on an aircraft ? CLOUD TEMPERATURE AND DROPLET SIZE
Which of the following front types is most known for gusty winds? COLD FRONT
Which of the following groups of conditions requires a crew to transmit a special air-report
(subsonic air transport)? SEVERE TURBULENCE; WIDESPREAD THUNDERSTORMS;
SEVERE MOUNTAIN WAVES
Which of the following is a cause of stratus forming over flat land? RADIATION DURING
THE NIGHT FROM THE EARTH SURFACE IN MODERATE WIND
Which of the following is a common cause of ground or surface temperature inversion ?
TERRESTIAL RADIATION ON A CLEAR NIGHT WITH NO OR VERY LIGHT
WINDS
Which of the following is a possible consequence of subsidence? AN INVERSION OVER A
LARGE AREA WITH HAZE, MIST.
Which of the following is correct regarding a cold high pressure area? IT WILL DECREASE
IN INTENSITY WITH INCREASING ALTITUDE
Which of the following is correct regarding a warm anticyclone? IT INCREASES IN
INTENSITY WITH INCREASING ALTITUDE
Which of the following is correct regarding geostrophic wind? IT BLOWS PARALLEL TO
STRAIGHT EQUIDISTANT ISOBARS
Which of the following is correct regarding the wind speed in a jet stream in the northern
hemisphere? WITH COLDER AIR TO THE LEFT WHEN LOOKING DOWNWIND,
THE WIND SPEED INCREASES WITH HEIGHT, WHILE WITH THE COLDER AIR
TO THE RIGHT THE WIND SPEED DECREASES WITH HEIGHT
Which of the following is most likely to lead to the dissipation of radiation fog ? A MARKED
INCREASE IN WIND VELOCITY NEAR THE GROUND
Which of the following is most likely to lead to the formation of radiation fog? HEAT LOSS
FROM THE GROUND ON CLEAR NIGHTS
Which of the following is the definition of relative humidity ? RATIO BETWEEN THE
ACTUAL MOXING RATIO AND THE SATURATION MIXING RATIO X100
Which of the following is true concerning an aircraft that is flying at FL180 in the northern
hemisphere, where wind is geostrophic and the true altitude remains constant ? THERE IS NO
CROSS WIND
Which of the following is true of a land breeze? IT BLOWS FROM LAND TO WATER
Which of the following is typical for the passage of an active cold front in the summer ?
MAINLY TOWERING CLOUDS
Which of the following is typical for the snow (tundra) climate? HIGH PRESSURE
WEATHER DOMINATES IN WINTER, WITH THE SUB-SOLL BEING FROZEN
Which of the following layers of fog above land is coded as MIFG? A LAYER OF 5 FEET
DEEP
Which of the following messages should be cancelled when the conditions are no longer
occurring or no longer expected to occur? AERODROME WARNING
Which of the following meteorological phenomena can rapidly change the braking action of a
runway? +FZRA
Which of the following meteorological phenomenon indicates upper level instability which may
lead to thunderstorm development ? AC CASTELLANUS
Which of the following phenomena can produce a risk of aquaplaning? +RA
Which of the following phenomena can provide the initial lifting leading to air mass
thunderstorms? ADVECTION OF COLD AIR OVER A WARM SEA
Which of the following phenomena has to be mentioned in a SIGMET? VOLCANIC ASH
Which of the following phenomena has to be mentioned in a SIGMET? HEAVY

DUDTSTORM
Which of the following phenomena has to be mentioned in a SIGMET? VOLCANIC ASH
Which of the following phenomena is least likely to lead to the formation of a Cumulonimbus
with thunderstorm ? GROUND RADIATION
Which of the following phenomena should be described as precipitation at the time they are
observed? + SHSN
observed? SN
observed? DZ;
observed? +SHSN;
Which of the following processes contributes to the formation of frontal fog? RAIN FALLS
FROM THE WARM AIR INTO THE COLD AIR
Which of the following processes is the most important one concerning the heating of the air in
the troposphere?; The radiation of the sun heats: THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH, WHICH
HEATS THE AIR IN THE TROPOSPHERE
Which of the following processes will increase the stability of an air mass? COOLING BY
THE UNDERLYING SURFACE
Which of the following processes within a layer of air may lead to the building of CU and CB
clouds? CONVECTION
Which of the following quantities remains unchanged if unsaturated air is lifted until it reaches
the lifting condensation level? MIXING RATIO
Which of the following sets of conditions are most favourable to the development of
thunderstorms? ENVIRONMENTAL LAPSE RATE GREATER THAN SATURATED
ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE THROUGH A GREAT VERTICAL EXTENT, HIGHT
RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND AN INITIAL LIFTING PROCESS
Which of the following sets of conditions are most likely to lead to the formation of advection
fog? A MILD MOIST AIRSTREAM FLOWING OVER COLDER SURFACES WITH
THE WIND SPEED LESS THAN 15 KT
Which of the following situations favours the formation of heavy thunderstorms? A COLD
FRONT APPROACHING A MOUNTAIN RANGE IN THE EVENING
Which of the following situations will be typical for the intertropical convergence zone? LOW
PRESSURE AND INSTABILITY
Which of the following situations will most likely lead to a stable air mass? SUBSIDENCE
AND/OR COOLING FROM BELOW
Which of the following statements about lightnings and lightning strikes is correct? THE
AIRCRAFT IS TEMPOARILY PART OF THE LIGHTNING TRAJECTORY
Which of the following statements concerning a cold air pool is correct? DIRECTION AND
SPEED OF MOVEMENTS OF COLD AIR POOLS ARE DIFFICULT TO FORECAST
Which of the following statements concerning airborne weather radar is correct? IT SHOWS
ON A PLAN POSITION INDICATOR THE AREAS OF PRECIPITATION OF RAIN,
SNOW AND/OR HAIL
Which of the following statements concerning an isothermal layer in the atmosphere is correct?
AN ISOTHERMAL LAYER IS ABSOLUTELY STABLE
Which of the following statements concerning jet streams is correct? IN THE NORTHERN
HEMISPHERE BOTH WESTERLY AND EASTERLY JET STREAMS OCCUR
Which of the following statements concerning the airflow during the summer monsoon is
correct? SOUTHWESTERLY AIRFLOW OVER INDIA
Which of the following statements concerning the core of a polar front jet stream is correct ? IT
LIES AT A HEIGHT WHERE THERE IS NO HORIZONTAL TEMPERATURE
GRADIENT; THE SLOPE OF THE PRESSURE SURFACES AT THE HEIGHT OF THE
CORE IS AT ITS MAXIMUM
Which of the following statements concerning the intertropical convergence zone is true?
THERE ARE FREQUENT OCCURRENCES OF CB
Which of the following statements concerning the lifting of a parcel of air is correct ?
UNSATURATED PARCELS COOL MORE RAPIDLY THAN SATURATED PARCELS
Which of the following statements concerning the tropopause is correct? THE
TEMPERATURE LAPSE RATE CHANGES ABRUPTLY AT THE TROPOPAUSE
Which of the following statements concerning the use of airborne weather radar in the vicinity
of thunderstorms is true? ACCURATE ASSESMENT OF THE WEATHER AHEAD OF
THE AIRCRAFT MIGHT BE HAMPERED DUE TO THE ATTENUATUON OF THE
RADAR ECHOES BY THE HEAVY RAIN
Which of the following statements concerning the variation in wind speed between summer and
winter on the North Atlantic between FL 300 and FL 400 is most correct? THE AVERAGE
WESTERLY COMPONENT IS GREATER IN THE WINTER THAN IN THE SUMMER.
THE LATITUDE OF THE AXIS OF GREATEST SEASONAL WIND SPEED IS
FURTHER SOUTH IN WINTER THAN IN SUMMER
Which of the following statements concerning trade winds is correct? THE OCCUR ONLY IN
THE LOWER PART OF THE TROPOSPHERE AND MORE PRONOUNCED OVER
THE OCEANS
Which of the following statements is an interpretation of the METAR ? 25020G38KT 1200
+TSGR BKN006 BKN015CB 23/18 Q1016 BECMG NSW = GUSTS OF 38 KNOTS,
THUNDERSTORM WITH HEAVY HAIL, DEW POINT 18C
Which of the following statements is an interpretation of the METAR ? 00000KT 0200
R14/0800U R16/P1500U FZFG VV001 m03/m03 Q1022 BECMG 0800 = RVR FOR
WUNWAY 14 800 METRES, VERTICAL VISIBILITY 100 FEET, CALM, VISIBILITY
IMPROVING TO 800 METRES IN THE NEXT TWO HOURS
Which of the following statements is an interpretation of the SIGMET ? LSAS SIGMET 2
VALID 030700/031100 LSZH- SWITZERLAND FIR/UIR MOD TO SEV CAT FCST N OF
ALPS BTN FL 260/380 STNR INTSF= MODERATE TO SEVERE CLEAR AIR
TURBULENCE TO BE EXPECTED NORTH OF THE ALPS. INTENSITY
INCREASING. DANGER ZONE BETWEEN FL 260 AND FL 380.
Which of the following statements is an interpretation of the SIGMET ? LGGG SIGMET 3
VALID 121420/121820 LGAT- ATHINAI FIR EMBD TS OBS AND FCST IN W PART MOV E
NC = THUNDERSTORMS MUST BE EXPECTED IN THE WESTERN PART OF THE
ATHENS FIR. THE THUNDERSTORM ZONE IS MOVING EAST. INTENSITY IS
CONSTANT
Which of the following statements is correct concerning rotors below the crest of a mountain
wave? THE WIND DIRECTION AT THE LOWER SIDE OF THE ROTORS OPPOSITE
TO THE PREVALLING WIND DIRECTION
Which of the following statements is correct concerning the geostrophic wind?; IT IS
PRESENT AT LATITUDES HIGUER THANABOUT 15 DEGREES NORTH/SOUTH
Which of the following statements is correct concerning the mediterranean climate? THE
ANNUAL RAINFALL IS SIGNIFICANTLY BELOW 700 MM
Which of the following statements is correct concerning the savannah climate? THERE ARE
SIGNIFICANT YEARLY VARIATIONS IN RAINFALL WITH A WET AND A DRY
PERIOD
Which of the following statements is correct concerning the typical weather in a warm sector in
mid- and high latitudes over continental areas during summer? GENERALLY MODERATE
TO GOOD VISIBILITY, HAZE, SOMETIMES FEW OR SCATTERED CUMULUS
Which of the following statements is correct concerning the weather in a warm sector?
ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS ARE SOMETIMES POSSIBLE OVER
CONTINENTAL AREAS DURING THE SUMMER
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the variation of wind with height? THE
WIND NORMALLY VEERS DURING CLIMB OUT THROUGH THE FIRST 2000-3000
FEET IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
Which of the following statements is correct? AIRFRAME ICING CAN OCCUR IN CLEAR
AIR
Which of the following statements is correct? AT THE EQUATOR HORIZONTAL
MOTIONS DO NOT INDUCE ANY HORIZONTAL CORIOLIS FORCE
Which of the following statements is correct? FG IS REPORTED ONLY WHEN
VISIBILITY IS REDUCED BY WATER DROPLETS OR ICE CRISTALS TO LESS
THAN 1000M
Which of the following statements is correct? NORMALLY ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
STOPS FALLING RAPIDLY BEHIND A WARM FRONT, THE AIR TEMPERATURE
RISES
Which of the following statements is correct? THE BERGERON-FINDEISEN PROCESS IS
MAINLY BASED ON THE DIFFERENCE OF MAXIMUM VAPOUR PRESSURE OVER
WATER AND OVER ICE OF THE SAME TEMPERATURE

Which of the following statements is true ? QNH CAN BE EQUAL TO QFE
Which of the following statements is true concerning frontal fog? IT MAY BE FORMED BY
DAY AS WELL AS BY NIGHT
Which of the following statements is true concerning orographic fog? IT MAY BE FORMED
BY DAY AS WELL AS BY NIGHT
Which of the following statements is true concerning orographic fog? IT IS FORMED WHEN
AIR IS FORCED TO RISE UP A SLOPE
Which of the following statements is true concerning the Bergeron-Findeisen process? IT
ONLY TAKES PLACE IN CLOUDS WITH SUPERCOOLED WATER DROPLETS AND
ICE CRYSTALS
Which of the following statements is true concerning the coalescence process? IN THE MIDLATITUDES THIS PROCESS PRODUCES ONLY DRIZZLE OR VERY LIGHT RAIN
Which of the following statements is true of the dew point of an air mass? IT CAN ONLY BE
EQUAL TO, OR LOWER, THAN THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR MASS
Which of the following statements is true regarding moderate to severe airframe icing? IT IS
LIKELY TO OCCUR IN NIMBOSTRATUS CLOUD
Which of the following statements is true regarding moderate to severe airframe icing? IT
WILL NOT OCCUR IN CLEAR-SKY CONDITIONS
Which of the following statements is true with regard to mountain waves? FLIGHT WITH
HEADWIND TOWARD HIGH GROUND IS LIKELY TO BE MORE HAZARDOUS
THAN FLIGHT WITH TAILWIND TOWARDS HIGH GROUND
Which of the following statements regarding an aircraft being struck by lightning is true? THE
FLIGHT CREW MIGHT HAVE TEMPORARY DIFFICULTIES IN DETERMING THE
CURRENT ATTITUDE OF FLIGHT
Which of the following statements regarding the development of valley inversions is correct?
VALLEY INVERSIONS OFTEN ARE A RESULT OF RADIATION COOLING IN
COMBINATION WITH DRAVITY, BOTH AFECTING THE AIR AT THE SURFACE OF
A MOUNTAIN SLOPE
Which of the following symbols represents a quasi-stationary front? SYMBOL 3
Which of the following symbols represents a severe squall line? SYMBOL 1
Which of the following thunderstorms produce the most severe conditions, such as heavy hail
and destructive winds? SQUALL LINE THUNDERSTORMS
Which of the following types of cloud can extend over the low, medium and high cloud levels ?
CB
Which of the following types of clouds are evidence of unstable air conditions? CU, CB
Which of the following types of jet streams can be observed all year round? SUBTROPICAL
JET STREAM/POLAR FRONT JET STREAM
Which of the following weather conditions favour the formation of radiation fog? LIGHT
WIND, LITTLE OR NO CLOUD, MOIST AIR
Which of the following weather conditions would be expected at Athens Airport (LGAT) at
around 1450 UTC? 21002KT 6000 BR SCT040 29/16 Q1026 NOSIG=
Which of the following weather reports could be, in accordance with the regulations,
abbreviated to "CAVOK"? 27019G37KT 9999 BKN050 18/14 Q1016 NOSIG=
abbreviated to "CAVOK"? (MSA minus airport elevation equals: LSZB 10000 FT, LSZH 8000
FT, LSGG 12000 FT, LFSB 6000 FT): LSZB 28012KT 9999 OVC100 16/12 Q1012 BECMG
5000 -RA=
abbreviated to "CAVOK"? 15003KT 9999 BKN100 17/11 Q1024 NOSIG=
Which of the following weather reports is a warning of conditions that could be potentially
hazardous to aircraft in flight ? SIGMET
Which of the following zones is most likely to encounter little or no precipitation? THE
NORTH SIDE OF THE ALPS WITH A PREVALLING FOEHN FROM THE SOUTH
Which of the four answers is a correct interpretation of data from the following METAR ?
LSZH 050820Z 16003KT 0400 R14/P1500 R16/1000 FZFG VV003 M02/M02 Q1026 BECMG
2000 BR = VISIBILITY 400M, RVR FOR RUNWAY 16 1000M WITH NO DISTINCT
TENDENCY, DEW POINT -2C, FREEZING FOG
Which of the statements is true concerning squall lines ? FOR SEVERE SQUALL LINES A
SIGMET IS ISSUED
Which of these four METAR reports suggests that a thunderstorm is likely in the next few
hours? 201250Z 21005KT 9999 SCT040CB SCT100 26/18 Q1016 TEMPO 24018G30KT
TS=
Which of these four METAR reports suggests that rain is most likely in the next few hours?
23015KT 8000 BKN030 OVC070 17/14 Q1009 BECMG 4000=
Which of these statements best describes the weather most likely to be experienced at 1500
UTC?; TAF LSZH 211322 22018G35KT 9999 SCT012 BKN030 BECMG 1315 25025G45KT
TEMPO 1720 4000 +SHRA BKN025TCU BECMG 2022 25015KT T1815Z T1618Z =
VISIBILITY 10 KILOMETRES OR MORE, MAIN CLOUDBASE 3000 FEET, WIND
250, TEMPERATURE 18C
Which of these statements is true? SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS CAN BE
EXPECTED OVER FRANCE
Which one of the displayed cloud forms is representative of a cumulonimbus capillatus? 4
Which one of the displayed cloud forms is representative of a cumulus? 1
Which one of the displayed cloud forms is representative of altocumulus castellanus? 3
Which one of the displayed cloud forms is representative of altocumulus lenticularis? 2
Which one of the following cloud types can be characterised by the optical phenomenon called
halo? CIRROSTRATUS
Which one of the following local winds is a Foehn wind? CHINOOK
Which one of the following statements applies to the tropopause? IS SEPARATES THE
TROPOSPHERE FROM THE STRATOSPHERE
Which one of the following statements concerning the formation of aircraft icing is most correct
? A CLOUD CONSISTING OF BOTH SUPERCOOLED WATER DROPLETS AND ICE
CRYSTALS PRODUCES AIRCRAFT ICING
Which one of the following statements is correct concerning the movement of the ITCZ in the
region of West Africa? IT REACHES ITS MAXIMUM NORTHERLY POSITION OF 1520N IN JULY.
Which one of the following statements regarding the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is
correct? FREQUENT AND WIDESPREAD THUNDERSTORMS ARE TO BE
EXPECTED WITHIN THE AEREA OF THE ITCZ
Which one of the following types of cloud is most likely to produce heavy precipitation ? NS
Which one of the tracks (dashed lines) is represented by the cross-section shown on the left ?
TRACK D-A
Which pilots are obliged to transmit a special air-report if they encounter severe aircraft icing?
ALL CATEGORIES OF PILOTS
Which statement about hurricanes is correct? THEIR EYE CAN BE WELL OBSERVED BY
WEATHER SATELLITES
Which statement concerning the cold front and warm front of a frontal depression in the
northern hemisphere is correct? THE RISK OF FOG IS GREATER AHEAD OF AND
BEHIND THE WARM FRONT THAN AHEAD OF AND BEHING THE COLD FRONT
Which statement concerning the Scirocco is correct? IT BLOWS FROM SOUTHERLY
DIRECTIONS AND CAN CARRY DUST AND SAND WHICH MAY REACH EUROPE
Which statement concerning the tropopause is correct? THE LAYER JUST ABOVE THE
TROPOPAUSE IS ABSOLUTELY STABLE
Which statement does correspond to the definition of severe turbulence? AIRCRAFT MAY BE
OUT OF CONTROL FOR SHORT PREIODS, OCCUPANTS ARE FORCED
VIOLENTLY AGAINST SEAT BELTS, LOOSE OBJETCS ARE TOSSED ABOUT
Which statement is correct concerning a mountain ridge where a marked mountain wave has
been reported ? RAGGED ALTOCUMULUS LENTICULARIS IS AN INDICATION FOR
THE PREENCE OF MODERATE/SEVERE TURBULENCE AT THE LEVEL OF THESE
CLOUDS
Which statement is correct for a warm occlusion? THE COLD FRONT BECOMES A
FRONT ALOFT
Which statement is correct for an absolutely unstable atmosphere? VISIBILITY IS GOOD
BETWEEN SHOWERS
Which statement is correct for microbursts ? THE DIAMETER OF THE AFFECTED AREA
ON THE SURFACE DOES NOT EXCEED 4 KM
Which statement is correct for the southern hemisphere? IN THE FRICTION LAYER THE
WIND BACKS WITH INCREASING HEIGHT
Which statement is correct regarding the ICAO Standard Atmosphere ? AT MSL
TEMPERATURE IS 15C AND PRESSURE IS 1013.25 HPA

Which statement is correct? FOG CAN BE SUPERCOOLED AND CAN ALSO CONTAIN
ICE CRYSTALS
Which statement is true ? QNH CAN BE LOWER AS WELL AS HIGHER THAN 1013.25
HPA
Which statement is true for a conditionally unstable layer? THE ENVIRONMENTAL LAPSE
RATE IS LESS THAN 1C/100M
Which statement is true for advection fog? IT CAN APPEAR SUDDENLY BY DAY OR BY
NIGHT
Which statement is true for hurricanes? FROM THE EARTHS SURFACE UP TO THE
TROPOPAUSE THE CORE IS WARMER THAN ITS SURROUNDINGS
Which statement regarding aircraft and lightning is correct? AIRCRAFT MADE BY
COMPOSITE MATERIAL MAY GET SEVERE DAMAGE, THE CREW MAY BE
BLINDED AND TEMPORARILY LOSE THE HEARING
Which thunderstorms generally produce the most severe conditions, such as heavy hail and
destructive winds? SQUALL LINE THUNDERSTORMS
Which thunderstorms move forward the fastest? FRONTAL THUNDERSTORMS
Which two air masses are most likely to govern weather in western Europe? MARITIME
TROPICAL WARM AND MARITIME POLAR COLD
Which type of air mass never occurs over central Europe ? EQUATORIAL AIR
Which type of fog can NOT be formed over water? RADIATION FOG
Which type of fog is likely to form when air having temperature of 15C and dew point of 12C
blows at 10 knots over a sea surface having temperatures of 5C ? ADVECTION FOG
Which types of clouds are typical evidence of stable air conditions? ST, AS
Which typical weather condition is shown by the design for northern Italy? HIGH PRESSURE
Which typical weather condition is shown by the design for the area of Central Europe ?
WESTERLY WAVES
Which typical weather situation is shown on the weather chart ? (Spacing of the isobars: 5 hPa)
FLAT PRESSURE PATTERN
Which units are used for the forecasted wind at higher levels? DIRECTION IN DEGREES
RELATIVE TO TRUE NORTH AND SPEED IN KNOTS
Which weather chart gives information about icing ? SIGNIFICANT WEATHER CHART
Which weather condition lowers true altitude as compared to pressure altitude to a position
where flight over mountains could be dangerous? COLD LOW
Which weather phenomena are typical for the northern side of the Alps with strong winds from
the south (Foehn)? GOOD VISIBILITY, TURBULENCE
Which wind systems converge on the ITCZ, when it lies at the equator? SE TRADE WINDS
AND NE TRADE WINDS
While approaching your destination aerodrome you receive the following message: RVR
runway 23: 400m This information indicates the: LENGTH OF RUNWAY WHICH A PILOT
IN AN AIRCRAFT ON THE GROUND WOULD SEE, ON THE THRESHOLD OF
RUNWAY 23
While crossing a jet stream at right angles in Western Europe (3000 FT below its core) and OAT
is decreasing, what would be the prevailing wind? CROSSWIND FROM THE LEFT
While descending through a cloud cover at high level, a small amount of a white and rough
powderlike contamination is detected along the leading edge of the wing. This contamination is
called: RIME ICE
While using the airborne weather radar in order to circumnavigate thunderstorms, the radar
scope is clear between heavy echoes. Which of the following interpretations of the scope is
correct? THE CLEAR AREA INDICATES AN AREA FROM WHICH NO ECHOES ARE
RECEIVED. HOWEVER, HIS RADAR SCOPE PROVIDES NO ASSURANCE OF
BEING IN VMC WHILE FLYING IN THIS AREA
Whilst flying at FL 180 on the northern hemisphere an aircraft experiences right drift. What
effect, if any, will this have on the aircraft's true altitude ? IT DECREASES
Why are indications about the height of the tropopause not essential for flight documentation in
the tropics? THE TROPOPAUSE IS GENERALLY WELL ABOVE THE FLIGHT LEVEL
ACTUALLY FLOWN
Why can the following METAR not be abbreviated to CAVOK? DLLO 121550Z 31018G30KT
9999 FEW060TCU BKN070 14/08 Q1016 TEMPO 4000 TS= (Aerodrome elevation 1000 ft,
MSA for sector 000-190 5800 ft, for sector 190-360 7300 ft.): BECAUSE THE CLOUD
BASE IS BELOW THE HIGHEST MINIMUM SECTOR ALTITUDE

Why do tropical revolving storms tend to develop mostly in the western parts of the tropical
oceans? BECAUSE THERE IS A MAXIMUM OF HUMIDITY AS A RESULT OF THE
TRADE WINDS LONG SEA PASSAGE
Wind is caused by: HORIZONTAL PRESSURE DIFFERENCES
With all other quantities being constant, the density of the atmosphere increases with increasing:
AIR PRESSURE
With regard to temperature, which of the following is correct for the polar climates? THE
MEAN TEMPERATURE OF ALL MONTHS IS BELOW PLUS 10C
With the development of a thunderstorm, at what stage will there be only updraughts of air?
INITIAL STAGE
With what type of cloud is "+TSRA" precipitation most commonly associated? CB
With what type of cloud is "DZ" precipitation most commonly associated? ST
With what type of cloud is "GR" precipitation most commonly associated? CB
With what type of cloud is heavy precipitation unlikely during the summer months ? SC, AS
With what type of clouds are showers most likely associated? CUMULONIMBUS
With which meteorological phenomena are wind shear conditions mostly associated? GUST
FRONTS; LOW LEVEL TEMPERATURE INVERSION; FRONTAL SURFACES
With which of the following types of cloud is "+RA" precipitation most commonly associated?
NS
With which type of cloud are tornadoes associated ? CUMULONIMBUS
Within a short interval, several flight crews report that they have experienced strong clear air
turbulence in a certain airspace. What is the consequence of these reports? THE COMPETENT
AVIATION WEATHER OFFICE WILL ISSUE A SIGMET
You are flying at 2 500 FT/AGL, the wind is 180, and intend to land at an airport, at sea level
directly below. From approximately which direction would you expect the surface wind (midlatitude, northern hemisphere)? SOUTH-SOUTHEAST
You are flying at FL 130, and your true altitude is 12000 FT. What is the temperature deviation
from that of the standard atmosphere at FL 130 (QNH 1013,2 hPa) ? ISA - 20C
You are flying at FL 160. Outside air temperature is -27C, and the pressure at sea level is 1003
hPa. What is the true altitude? 15100 FT
You are flying at FL 200. Outside air temperature is -40C, and the pressure at sea level is 1033
hPa. What is the true altitude? 19310 FT
You are flying at FL 300 where the outside air temperature is -57.5C and the pressure at MSL
is 1013.25 hPa. If you assume that the difference between the actual temperature and the
temperature in the ISA is valid for the whole troposphere, then the true altitude is: 28500 FT
You are flying at FL 340 on the northern hemisphere. The wind is geostrophic and there is a
cross wind from the right all the time. Your true altitude will: INCREASE
You are flying from east to west in the northern hemisphere at the 500 hPa pressure surface.
Which of the following statements is correct? IF THE WIND IS FROM THE NORTH YOU
ARE GAINING ALTITUDE
You are flying from Munich to Amsterdam. Which of the following flight levels would you
choose in order to avoid turbulence and icing? FL260
You are flying in the northern hemisphere at 2000 FT over a flat country area. An anticyclone is
ahead of you and a depression is behind you. The wind affecting you, will be: FROM YOUR
RIGHT
You are flying in the southern hemisphere at FL 180 from east to west. If the wind at FL 180 is
southerly, which of the following statements is correct? THE TRUE ALTITUDE IS
INCREASING
You are flying over the sea at FL 250 and measure an outside temperature of -50C. The
pressure at sea level is 1023 hPa. What is your approximate true altitude calculated using normal
vertical change in temperature with increase in height? 23770 FT/AMSL
You are flying with an outside air temperature of -12C and a TAS of 250 kt at FL 150 through 8
oktas NS. What type and degree of icing is most probable? IN CLOUDS PUSHED UP
AGAINST THE MOUNTAINS, MODERATE TO SEVERE MIXED ICE
You are planning to fly across a mountain range. The chart recommends a minimum altitude of
12000 feet above mean sea level. The air mass you will be flying through is an average 10C
warmer than ISA. Your altimeter is set to 1023 hPa (QNH of a nearby airport at nearly sea level).
What altitude will the altimeter show when you have reached the recommended minimum
altitude?; 11520 FEET
You cross a jet stream in horizontal flight at approximately right angles. While crossing, in spite
of a strong wind of 120 kt, you notice the temperature barely changes. Which of the following
statements is correct ? THE PHENOMENON IS ABSOLUTELY NORMAL AS YOU ARE
CROSSING THE JET CORE
You have been flying for some time in dense layered cloud. The outside air temperature is
-25C. Which of the following statements is true? SEVERE AIRFRAME ICING IS
UNLIKELY UNDER THESE CONDITIONS
You intend to carry out a VFR flight over the Alps, on a fine and hot summer day. What is the
best time of day to conduct this flight? MORNING
You intend to overfly a mountain range. The recommended minimum flight altitude is,
according to the aviation chart, 15000 FT/AMSL. The air mass that you will fly through is on
average 15C warmer than the standard atmosphere. The altimeter is set to QNH (1023 hPa). At
what altimeter reading will you effectively be at the recommended minimum flight altitude?
14100 FT
You must make an emergency landing at sea. The QNH of a field on a nearby island with an
elevation of 4000 FT is 1025 hPa and the temperature is -20C. What is your pressure altimeter
reading when landing if 1025 hPa is set in the subscale? LESS THAN 0 FT
You plan a flight over a mountain range at a true altitude of 15000 FT/AMSL. The air is on an
average 15C colder than ISA, the pressure at sea level is 1003 hPa. What approximate
indication should the altimeter (setting 1013.2 hPa) read? 16230 FT
You receive the following METAR: LSGG 120750Z 00000KT 0300 R05/0700N FG VV001
M02/M02 Q1014 NOSIG = What will be the RVR at 0900 UTC? THE RVR IS UNKNOWN,
BECAUSE THENOSIG DOES NOT REFER TO RVR

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"Detached clouds in the form of white, delicate filaments or white or mostly white patches or narrow

VEERS ABOVE THE FRICTION LAYER

FROM THE GROUND UP TO A MAXIMUM OF FL 450

WARMER THAN THE AIR AROUND MARSEILLE

JUST ABOVE THE INVERSION

CLOSE TO THE CORE ON THE POLAR SIDE

conditions, the: SURFACE WIND SPEED TENDS TO BE HIGHUES DURING THE

Subsidence is: VERTICALLY DOWNWARDS MOTION OF AIR

is at MSL. Height in feet. Temperature in degrees C. 20000.-12 18000.-11 16000.-10 14000.-10

The tropopause is a level at which: TEMPERATURE CEASES TO FALL WITH

What does the code TAF AMD mean? REVISED TAF

What is determined by a transmissometer? VISIBILITY, RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE

proportion of precipitation? SOUTH-WEST MONSOON

FL 430? 150 HPA

Which of the following phenomena has to be mentioned in a SIGMET? HEAVY

WATER AND OVER ICE OF THE SAME TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE IS 15C AND PRESSURE IS 1013.25 HPA

BASE IS BELOW THE HIGHEST MINIMUM SECTOR ALTITUDE

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