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Lab Report: Design of Concrete Structures (ENG466)

The document summarizes an engineering lab report on concrete compression strength testing. Six concrete cylinder specimens were cast and tested to determine the 7-day and 28-day compressive strengths. The 7-day strengths averaged 35.67 MPa for specimens T1 and 40.38 MPa for T2. The 28-day strengths averaged 46.57 MPa for T1 and 41.20 MPa for T2. Two concrete beams, B1 and B2, were also cast and tested. Beam B1 failed at 480 kN of loading due to shear cracking, while beam B2 failed at 532 kN also due to shear cracking. The experimental results were found to exceed the theoretical calculations, demonstrating safe design

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Amrit Acharya
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130 views11 pages

Lab Report: Design of Concrete Structures (ENG466)

The document summarizes an engineering lab report on concrete compression strength testing. Six concrete cylinder specimens were cast and tested to determine the 7-day and 28-day compressive strengths. The 7-day strengths averaged 35.67 MPa for specimens T1 and 40.38 MPa for T2. The 28-day strengths averaged 46.57 MPa for T1 and 41.20 MPa for T2. Two concrete beams, B1 and B2, were also cast and tested. Beam B1 failed at 480 kN of loading due to shear cracking, while beam B2 failed at 532 kN also due to shear cracking. The experimental results were found to exceed the theoretical calculations, demonstrating safe design

Uploaded by

Amrit Acharya
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DESIGN OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES

(ENG466)

LAB REPORT

SUBMITTED BY:
AMRIT ACHARYA
S295387

SUBMITTED TO:
SABARATNAM PRATHAPAN

INTRODUCTION
Compression strength testing is measure of the ability of concrete to resist crushing. It is
determined by crushing test specimens to destruction and measuring the loads required.
Compressive strength is the most widely used measure of concrete quality because it is
readily determined and most of the other properties of concrete improve with increases in
compressive strength.
It is the capacity of a material or structure to withstand loads tending to reduce size, as
opposed to tensile strength, which withstands loads tending to elongate. In other words,
compressive strength resists compression (being pushed together), whereas tensile strength
resists tension-being pulled apart (figure shown below).

Compression

Tension

Compressive strength is measured on materials, components and structures.


By definition, the ultimate compressive strength of a material is that value of uniaxial
compressive stress reached when the material fails completely.
During the experiment, six specimens were casted and measured 104mm diameter x 190mm
high each specimen. Two of the specimens namely T1 and T2 will be used for 7 days
compressive strength test and on the other hand the remaining four specimens will be used
for 28 days compressive strength test.
Calculation of the compressive stress as follows:

Where:
F = Load applied [KN], A = Area [m2]

Two beams were also casted with designated name B1 and B2, where
B1 was casted with 2- 12mm diameter tension bars
B2- was casted with 2-12mm diameter tension bars and 2-12mm diameter compression bars
with 5mm diameter shear bars or stirrups at 63mm o.c.
2

Theoretical calculations for the two beams were made to compare the theoretical load failure
against the load failure reading during the experimental testing.
EXPERIMENTAL DATA AND RESULTS
The experiment was conducted at CDUs laboratory, the aim is to determine the compressive
strength for each specimen and to work out the theoretical strength of the beams and compare
with the experimental results. The experimental data and results as follows:
Table 1: Concrete Mix
Weight of Cement
Weight of aggregates
Weight of Sand
Weight of Water
Density of concrete(assume)

20 kg
72 kg
40kg
10 kg
2400kg/CM

Table 2: Description of Specimen


Name of Specimen
Designation Name/Marked on the
specimen
Cylinder
T1 ( 3 specimen casted(1 for 7
days and 2 for 28 days strength test
T2( 3 specimen casted(1 for 7 days
and 2 for 28 days strength test
Beam
B1(1 specimen casted for 28 days
strength test. B1 contains 2- 12mm
diameter bars @ the bottom of the
beam
B2( 1 specimen casted for 28 days
strength test. B2 contains 2-12mm
diameter bottom bars and 2-12mm
diameter top bars with 5mm
diameter stirrups/shear bars @ 63
mm diameter spacing o.c.

Dimension of Specimen
104mm diameter x 190mm high
each specimen
104mm diameter x 190mm high
each specimen
150mm x 150mm x 700mm

150mm x 150mm x 700mm

Experimental Results
Table 3: Cylindrical concrete sample test results
Designation/Name Date casted
of Specimen
( casted by
External
student )

Date tested

T1
T2
T1-1
T1-2
T2-1
T2-2

16/09/2016
16/09/2016
07/10/2016
07/10/2016
07/10/2016
07/10/2016

05/09/2016
05/09/2016
05/09/2016
05/09/2016
05/09/2016
05/09/2016

Reading in
(KN)
AFTER
material
fails
completely
303
343
395
396
350
350

7 days
Compression
test(MPa)

28 days
compression
test(MPa)

35.67
40.38
46.50
46.61
41.20
41.20

The average compression test result for 7days period for T1 and T2 are 35.67MPa and
40.38MPa respectively.
The average compression test result for 28 days period for T1 and T2 are 46.57MPa and
41.20MPa respectively.
Table 4: Beams samples test results
Designation/Name of Date Casted(casted
Date tested
Specimen
by External Students)
B1
B2

05/09/2016
05/09/2016

07/10/2016
07/10/2016

Reading(KN) after
specimen fails
completely
480
532

THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS
Take
fc= 25 Mpa and fsy = 500 Mpa
The dead load of beam per unit length = b*D*24 = 0.15*0.15*24 = 0.54 kN/m
Effective depth of beam = 150-22-10/2 = 123 mm
Area of steel (Ast) = 220 mm2 for two bars
Then
Eq. 3.2(2)a 2 = 1-0.003*25 = 0.925
4

But 0.67< 2 <0.85


2 =0.85
Similarly = 0.85 for fc = 25 Mpa
KuB = 600/(600+fsy) = 0.545
Pb = 0.85*25*0.85*0.545/500 = 0.0189

For Steel 220 mm2


i.

Singly reinforced beam

Pt = 220/(150*123) = 0.01192<0.0189=Pb
It means beam is under-reinforced.
From Equation 3.3(10)
Mu = 220*500*123*[1-{220*500/(2*0.85*150*123*25)}] = 11.63196 kN-m
Ku = 0.00867*500/(0.85*0.85*25) = 0.24
Ku = Kuo = 0.24
= 0.80
Reliable moment capacity M = Mu = 0.8*11.63196 = 9.30557 kNm

Calculated bending moment from laboratory test is written below

Take note that there is also initial reading of 400KN, so the reading at 80KN plus the initial
reading of 400KN is the total failure load = 480KN
The dead load of beam = 0.54 kN/m
Calculated B.M. at centre = (0.54*0.590+480)/2*0.295-0.54*0.295*0.295/2= 70.83 kNm
As it is clear that the experimental value is greater than theoretical value which means factor
of safety = 70.83/7.069 i.e. FOS = 10.02 which means the experimental value is 10.02 times
greater than theoretical value. Therefore, the design is safe.

ii.

For Doubly reinforced beam

Pt = Pc = 0.00977 (Pt = A/bd)


Mu = Ast*fsy(d-a/2)+Asc*fsy(a/2-dc) = 220*500(123-0)+220*500(0-23) = 11 kNm
Effective moment M=Mu = 0.8*11 = 8.8 kNm
Calculated bending moment from laboratory test is written below

Take note

Take note that there is also initial reading of 400KN so the reading at 132Kn plus initial
reading of 400Kn is the total load failure = 532KN
The dead load of beam = 0.54 kN/m
Calculated B.M. at centre = 0.54*0.592/8+532*0.59/4= 78.49 kNm
The experimental value is 8.92 times greater than theoretical value
Hence the design is safe.

Conclusion
For group 1

The characteristic compressive strength was found satisfactory for group 1 as it was more
than theoretical value. Moreover, the design was practically acceptable because of moment
residence was greater than the theoretical moment resistance and it has also proved that the
actual moment resistance is always greater than theoretical moment resistance.

Observation
From the pictures taken for beams (Refer to Appendix B)
For B1 shear crack appeared on one side of the beam after reading of 80KN which means the
beam failed due to shear. No other visible cracks.
For B2 shear cracks appeared on both sides of the beam after reading of 132KN which means
the beam failed due to shear. No other visible cracks
7

T1 -7 days compression test


Load failure reading at 303KN

T2-7 days compression test


Load failure reading at 343KN

T1-1 28 days compression test


Load failure reading at 395KN

T1-2 28 days compression test


Load failure reading at 396KN

T2-1(Left side) 28 days compression test


Load failure reading at 350KN
T2-2(right side) 28 days compression test
Load failure reading at 350KN

10

B1- load failure reading at 480KN

B2- Load failure reading at 532KN

11

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