An Evolution of Android Operating System and Its: K.Chinetha, J.Daphney Joann, A.Shalini
An Evolution of Android Operating System and Its: K.Chinetha, J.Daphney Joann, A.Shalini
I. INTRODUCTION
Android operating system is one of the most widely used
mobile Operating System these days. Android mobile
operating system is based on the Linux kernel and is
developed by Google. Android operating system is primarily
designed for smartphones and tablets. Since Android is an
open source it has become the fastest growing mobile
operating system. Due to its open nature it has become
favorite for many consumers and developers. Moreover
software developers can easily modify and add enhanced
feature in it to meet the latest requirements of the mobile
technology. Android users download more than 1.5 billion
applications and games from Google Play each month. Due to
Its Powerful development framework users as well software
developers are able to create their own applications for wide
range of devices. Some of the key features of Android
operating system are: Application Frame work, Dalvik virtual
machine, Integrated browser, Optimized Graphics, SQLite,
Media Support, GSM Technology, Bluetooth, Edge, 3G,
Wi-Fi, Camera and GPS etc. To help the developers for better
software development Android provides Software
development kit (SDK). It provides Java programming
Language for application development. The Android
software development kit includes a debugger, libraries, a
handset emulator based on QEMU (Quick Emulator),
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D. Application Framework
The Application Framework layer provides many higher-level
services or major APIs to applications in the form of Java
classes. Application developers are allowed to make use of
these services in their applications. These are the blocks with
which developer's applications directly interact. Important
blocks of Application framework are:
Activity Manager: It manages the life cycle of applications.
Content Providers: It is used to manage the data sharing
between applications, manages how to access data from other
applications.
Telephony Manager: it manages all voice call related
functionalities.
Location Manager: It is used for Location management, using
GPS or cell tower.
Resource Manager: Manage the various types of resources
used in Application .
E. Application Layer
The Applications Layer is the top layer in the Android
architecture. Some applications come pre-installed with every
device, such as: SMS client app, Dialer, Web browser and
Contact manager. A developer can write his own application
and can replace it with the existing application.
IV. VERSIONS
The version history of the Android mobile operating
system began with the release of first commercial version,
Android 1.0, was released in September 2008. Android is
under ongoing development by Google and the Open
Handset Alliance (OHA), and has seen a number of
updates to its base operating system since its initial release
and later it is developed under a confectionery- themed code
name and released in alphabetical order; each version features
slightly differ from its functionality, behaviour and user
interface.
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The first release is CUPCAKE 1.5 in the year 2009 april 30.
The 1.5 release of Android (cupcake) for the G1/ADP1 used
Linux version 2.6.27 kernel. The features of cupcake 1.5 is
arrival of android own virtual keyboard, support for third
party keyboard. It includes live and update of widgets. Video
recording and playback also formed a significant step forward
in 1.5. The added support of this version is multi-task friendly
while uploading to youtube and picasa.
The third version ECLAIR 2.0 was released in the year 2009
October 26, the kernel/common.git tree for Android has a
2.6.32 kernel. Messaging was updated with a search function,
allowing you to search through both SMS and MMS
messages. It also added an auto-delete function meaning old
messages could be deleted after an inbox limit is reached.
V. CONCLUSION
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AUTHORS
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