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Java After Intro: Getting Your Hands Dirty

The document discusses several Java concepts including classloaders which are responsible for loading classes, access modifiers which control access to classes and members, constructors which are used to initialize objects, arrays for storing multiple values of the same type, autoboxing which converts between primitives and their corresponding object types, overriding common methods like toString for output, and method overloading which allows multiple methods with the same name but different parameters. It also provides an example project outline for modeling heroes, villains, and artifacts in Java with constructors and other methods.

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Cristi Crisan
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44 views

Java After Intro: Getting Your Hands Dirty

The document discusses several Java concepts including classloaders which are responsible for loading classes, access modifiers which control access to classes and members, constructors which are used to initialize objects, arrays for storing multiple values of the same type, autoboxing which converts between primitives and their corresponding object types, overriding common methods like toString for output, and method overloading which allows multiple methods with the same name but different parameters. It also provides an example project outline for modeling heroes, villains, and artifacts in Java with constructors and other methods.

Uploaded by

Cristi Crisan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java after intro

Getting your hands dirty

The classloader
An object responsible for loading classes
Converts a named class into the bits responsible for implementing that class
Classes are introduced into the JVM when they are referenced by name in a class
that is already running. (just a bit of magic is required to get the main class loaded)
For the defauld ClassLoader classes must be on the Classpath .
The Classpath defines what you can use in your program. Java SE classes are
automatically added.

Name collisions

Im Bob!

Who is right? Why cant there be 2 classes named Bob?


Because Bob is not his full name!
package to the rescue!

Im Bob

The fully qualified name of a class is your.package.name.Bob

Package naming convetions:

lowercase
words separated by dots
uniqueness comes from reversing the organization domain name (which is unique) -> ro.academyplus.Bob

ro, ro.academyplus, ro.academyplus.people etc. are independent packages, although ro. academyplus is called a subpackage of
ro there is no relationship between them

Hidding your data


Remember access modifiers?
1.
2.
3.
4.

private - only class members can access


protected - only class members and subclasses can access
package - only class members and classes from the same package
public - anyone can access

Access modifiers can be applied also to classes not only members of a class
1 public class / file

Bringing objects to life


Creating an object always involves a constructor.
A constructor is not manadatory. A default one is provided.
Adding an explicit contructor removes the default constructor.
Constructors are a means to setting up initial object state.

Multiple constructors are allowed:


public Client(){
account = new Account( 0.0);
}
public Client(float initialBalance){
account = new Account(initialBalance);
}

Arrays

Efficient
Fixed size that cannot be changed after creation
Can store primitives
Arrays are Objects

int[] numbers; // uninitialized


int[] numbers = new numbers[10];// an array which can hold 10 int values
System.out.println(Arrays.toString( numbers));// print the contents of an array
int[] numbers={1,2,3,4}; //initialize with default values

Primitive autoboxing
int a = 2;
Integer b = 2;
Integer c = new Integer( 2);
String two = "2";
boolean doStuff() {
return a == b; //true
}
boolean doMoreStuff() {
return b == c; // false;
}
boolean doMagicStuff() {
return b.equals(Integer. parseInt(two)); // true
}

The most overwritten methods


public String toString();

Called by print, println etc.


Provides a text representation of your object.
Always overwrite it. Makes debugging easier.
Default implementation from Object prints the refference value.
Same goes for equals/hashCode.

Overloading stuff
int compute( int a, int b){
return a*2+b*3;
}
int compute( int a){
return a*(a+1)/2;
}
float compute( int a){ // nope this is not overloading
return a*(a+1)/2.2;
}
float compute( float r) {
return 3.14f * r * r;
}
String compute( float r, boolean area) {
return (area ? 3.14f * r * r : 2 * 3.14 * r) + "";
}

Exercises
Heroes: Orc, Elf, Knight, Mage
Villains: Devil, Goblin, Necromancer, Dark mage
Artifacts: Amor, Helm, Sword, Staff, Bow, Axe
Implement: toString, constructors
What you should have in your classes: a way to compute the damage, a way to take damage, artifacts .

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