How to Use this Module .......................................................................................................

Introduction ..........................................................................................................................
Technical Terms ....................................................................................................................
Learning Outcome #1 .......................................................................................................... 1
Information Sheet #1-1 ....................................................................................................... 2
Operation Sheet #1-1 .......................................................................................................... 6
Learning Outcome #2 .......................................................................................................... 8
Information Sheet #2.1 ....................................................................................................... 9
Activity Sheet #2.1 ............................................................................................................ 10
Learning Outcome #3 ........................................................................................................ 13
Job Sheet

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Welcome to the Module Terminating and Connecting Electrical Wiring and

Electronic Circuits. This module contains training materials and activities for you to
complete.
The unit of competency Terminate and Connect Electrical Wiring and Electronic
Circuits contains knowledge, skills and attitudes required for a Computer Hardware
Servicing NC II course.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete
each of the learning outcomes of the module. In each learning outcome there are Job
Sheets, and Activity Sheets. Follow these activities on your own and answer the Self-Check
at the end of each learning activity.
If you have questions, do not hesitate to ask your teacher for assistance.
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)
You may already have some of the knowledge and skills covered in this module
because you have:
o been working for some time
o completed training in this area.
If you can demonstrate to your teacher that you are competent in a particular skill or
skills, talk to him/her about having them formally recognized so you do not have to do the
same training again. If you have a qualification or Certificate of Competency from previous
trainings show it to your teacher. If the skills you acquired are still current and relevant to
this module, they may become part of the evidence you can present for RPL. If you are not
sure about the currency of your skills, discuss it with your teacher.
After completing this module ask your teacher to assess your competency. Result of
your assessment will be recorded in your competency profile. All the learning activities are
designed for you to complete at your own pace.
Inside this module you will find the activities for you to complete followed by
relevant information sheets for each learning outcome. Each learning outcome may have
more than one learning activity.

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Program/Course

Computer Hardware Servicing NC II

Unit of Competency

Terminate and Connect Electrical Wiring and

Circuits

Module

Terminating and Connecting Electrical Wiring and

Electronic Circuits

Electronic

INTRODUCTION
This module contains information and suggested learning activities on Computer Hardware
Servicing NC II. It includes the following competencies: plan and prepare for termination/
connections of electrical wiring/electronic circuits, terminate/connect electrical wiring/electronic
circuits, and test termination/connections of electrical wiring/electronic circuits.
It consists of three (3) learning outcomes. Each learning outcome contains learning activities
supported by each instructional sheet. Upon completion of this module, report to your teacher to
assess your achievement of knowledge and skills requirement of this module. If you pass the
assessment, you will be given a certificate of completion.

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of the module you should be able to:

LO1.

Plan and prepare for termination and connection of electrical wiring and electronic circuits.

LO2.

Terminate and connect electrical wiring and electronic circuits.

LO3.

Test Termination and connection of electrical wiring and /electronic circuit.

REFERENCES:

1. Agpaoa, Feliciano, Interior and Exterior Wiring Troubleshooting, National books Store, 1991
2. Enriquez, Michael, Simple Electronics (Basic) Fully Illustrated, Antonio M. Andes Sr.
Electronics Book Series
3. www.electronics-lab.com

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4. www.wikipedia.com

Voltage

- The measure of the push on each electron which makes the electron
move. The term potential difference and voltage are often used
interchangeably to mean the push, thus, you may see the term
electromotive force (EMF) or just the word potential to describe the
electron push in certain instances.

Current

- The flow of electrons in the circuit.

Resistance

- The opposition to current flow.

Power

- The rate of doing work.

Resistor

- A device designed intentionally to have a definite amount of

resistance

Capacitor

- A device that stores electrical energy.

Termination

- The point where a line, channel or circuit ends.

OHS

- Occupational Health and Safety

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Program/ Course

Computer Hardware Servicing NC II

Unit of Competency

Terminate and Connect Electrical Wiring and Electronic

Circuits

Module #3

Terminating and Connecting Electrical Wiring and Electronic

Circuits

Learning Outcome 1: Plan and Prepare for Termination and Connection of Electrical
Wiring and Electronic Circuits

Assessment Criteria:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Materials are checked according to specifications and task.

Appropriate tools and equipment are selected according to task requirements.
Task is planned to ensure that OHS guidelines and procedures are followed.
Electrical wiring electronics circuits are appropriately prepared for connection/
termination in accordance with instructions and worksite procedure.

References:
1. Agpaoa, Feliciano, Interior and Exterior Wiring Troubleshooting, National books
Store, 1991
2. Enriquez, Michael, Simple Electronics (Basic) Fully Illustrated, Antonio M. Andes Sr.
Electronics Book Series
3. Cardenas, Elpidio, Fundamentals and Elements of Electricity, National Book Store,
1991
4. www.wikipedia.com

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Direct Current and Alternating Current

Direct Current or DC is the first type of current because it was easy to produce. This type of
current always flows in one direction. One of the disadvantages of using DC is the excessive
voltage drop and power loss in the power lines in a long distance transmission. Batteries are
common sources of direct current.

Alternating Current or AC is the solution to the problem of DC. AC allows the flow of current
in two directions. Today, it is possible to step-up electricity, a power station, transmit it to
any distant place and step it down to for consumption. A transformer is the device used for
stepping-up or stepping-down AC voltage. Common sources of AC are found in our AC
outlet (Typically, 220 volts, in the Philippines).

AC and DC Wave Form

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OHMS LAW AND POWER LAW

Ohms law states that, for a constant current, the current in a circuit is directly
proportional to the total voltage acting in the circuit and inversely proportional to the
total resistance of the circuit.

The law may be expressed by the following equation if the current I is in amperes, EMF E is
in volts, and the resistance R is in ohms.

The relationship of the foregoing three variables was discovered by Georg Simon Ohm,
who theorized that current is in direct proportion to resistance. The relationship is
explained algebraically, using this formula:
where:

R = E/I

E = IxR

I = E/R

Resistance

Voltage

Current

E EMF in Volts
R Resistance
I Current in Amperes

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A. Practice Problems:
1.

Required
I=?

E = 25 V

R = 25

G. I

H. P

2.
Required
I = 9A
E=?

R = 72

E. E

F. P

3.

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I = 25 A
E=?

P = 100W

C. R

4.
Required
I = 4.5A
E=?

P = 350 W

A. E

B. R

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A Simple circuit contains the minimum things needed to have a functioning electric
circuit. A simple circuit requires the following:

AC/DC source
Equipment that will operate on either an AC or DC power source
Battery A dc voltage source containing two or more cells that convert
chemical energy to electrical energy.
Cell- Single unit used to convert chemical energy into a DC electrical
voltage.
FUSE
Once you design a simple circuit on electronics, it
is important to include a
fuse in the primary or
secondary of a transformer.

Fuse is a safety device used to protect an

electrical circuit from the effect of excessive
current. Its essential component is usually a
strip of metal that will melt at a given
temperature. A fuse is so designed that the strip of metal can easily be
placed in the electric circuit. If the current in the circuit exceed a
predetermined value, the fusible metal will melt and thus break, or open
the circuit.
A fuse is usually rated in Amperes, which represent the maximum
continuous current it could handle without blowing.
The most popular type of fuse in Electronics is 3AG type. This code
describes the case size and material where G indicates a glass
materials and A indicates that intended for automotive application. A
3AG fuse measures approximately 32mm x 6mm.

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Wires and Cable

A wire is a single slender rod or filament of
drawn metal. This definition restricts the term
to what would ordinarily be understood as
solid wire. The word slender is used because
the length of a wire is usually large when
compared to its diameter. If a wire is covered
with insulation, It is an insulated wire.
Although the term wire properly refers to
the metal, it also includes the insulation.
A conductor is a wire suitable for carrying
an electric current.

A stranded conductor is a conductor composed of a group of wire or any

combination of group of wires. The wires in a stranded conductor are usually
twisted together and not insulated from each other.
A cable is either a stranded conductor (single-conductor cable) or a
combination of conductors insulated from one another (multiple-conductor
cable). The term cable is a general one and usually applies only to the large
sizes of conductor. A small cable is more often called a stranded wire or cord
(such as that used for an iron or a lamp cord). Cables may be bare or insulated.
Insulated cables may be sheathed (covered) with lead, or protective armor.

Switch and its function

Switch is a device used to break an electric current or transfer it to another
conductor. Switches are commonly used to open or close a circuit. Closed is
the ON position, while open is OFF position. Normally, switch is installed in
series with the line carrying current from
the power source to the load.
A switch is a mechanical device used to
connect and disconnect a circuit at will.
Switches cover a wide range of types,
from subminiature up to industrial plant
switching megawatts of power on high
voltage distribution lines.
Switch is a manually operated device
capable of making, breaking, or changing
the connection in an electronics or
electrical circuit. A switch connected in

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I.

series with one of the connecting wires of simple circuit affords a means of
controlling the current in the circuit.
Switch function
o When the switch is closed, the electron finds an interrupted path in the
circuit.
o Open is the OFF position of the switch, while closed is the ON position.
o When the switch is opened, the current delivered by the power supply is
normally insufficient to jump the switch gap in the form of an arc and the
electron flow in the circuit is blocked.

Load a source drives a load. Whatever component or piece of equipment is

connected to a source and draws current from a source is a load on that source.
o The following are examples but not limited to:
Bulb
Appliances

Classifications of Electronic Component

A. Passive devices - A Passive Device is one that contributes no power gain
(amplification) to a circuit or system. It has no control action and does not
require any input other than a signal to perform its function. In other words,
"A component with no brains!" Examples are Resistors, Capacitors and
Inductors.
RESISTOR
This is the most common component in electronics.
It is used mainly to control current and voltage
within the circuit. You can identify a simple resistor
by its simple cigar shape with a wire lead coming
out of each end. It uses a system of color coded
bands to identify the value of the component
(measured in Ohms)

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Capacitors, or "caps", vary in size and shape - from

a small surface mount model up to a huge electric
motor cap the size of paint can. Whatever the size
or shape, the purpose is the same. It stores
electrical energy in the form of electrostatic charge.

It is charged with a magnetic field and when that

field collapses it produces current in the opposite
direction. Inductors are used in Alternating Current
circuits to oppose changes in the existing current.

B. Active Devices are components that are capable of controlling voltages or

currents and can create a switching action in the circuit. In other words,
"Devices with smarts!" Examples are Diodes, Transistors and Integrated
circuits.

Diodes are basically a one-way valve for electrical

current. They let it flow in one direction (from
positive to negative) and not in the other direction.
Most diodes are similar in appearance to a resistor
and will have a painted line on one end showing the
direction or flow (white side is negative). If the
negative side is on the negative end of the circuit,
current will flow. If the negative is on the positive
side of the circuit no current will flow.

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LEDs are simply diodes that emit light of one form

or another. They are used as indicator devices.
Example: LED lit equals machine on. They come in
several sizes and colors. Some even emit Infrared
Light which cannot be seen by the human eye.

The transistor is possibly the most important

invention of this decade. It performs two basic
functions. 1) It acts as a switch turning current on
and off. 2) It acts as an amplifier. This makes an
output signal that is a magnified version of the
input signal.

Integrated Circuits, or ICs, are complex circuits

inside one simple package. Silicon and metals are
used to simulate resistors, capacitors, transistors,
etc. It is a space saving miracle.

ELECTRONIC SCHEMATIC SYMBOLS

Wires and connections

Component

Circuit Symbol

Function of Component

Wire

To pass current very easily from one part of

a circuit to another.

Wires joined

A 'blob' should be drawn where wires are

connected (joined), but it is sometimes
omitted. Wires connected at 'crossroads'
should be staggered slightly to form two T-

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junctions, as shown on the right.

In complex diagrams it is often necessary to
draw wires crossing even though they are
not connected. I prefer the 'bridge' symbol
shown on the right because the simple
crossing on the left may be misread as a
joint where you have forgotten to add a
'blob'!

Wires not joined

Power Supplies/Source
Component

Circuit Symbol

Function of Component

Cell

Supplies electrical energy.

The larger terminal (on the left) is positive (+).
A single cell is often called a battery, but
strictly a battery is two or more cells joined
together.

Battery

Supplies electrical energy. A battery is more

than one cell.
The larger terminal (on the left) is positive (+).

DC supply

Supplies electrical energy.

DC = Direct Current, always flowing in one
direction.

AC supply

Supplies electrical energy.

AC = Alternating Current, continually changing
direction.

Fuse

A safety device which will 'blow' (melt) if the

current flowing through it exceeds a specified
value.

Transformer

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Two coils of wire linked by an iron core.

Transformers are used to step up (increase)
and step down (decrease) AC voltages. Energy
is transferred between the coils by the
magnetic field in the core. There is no electrical

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connection between the coils.

A connection to earth. For many electronic
circuits this is the 0V (zero volts) of the power
supply, but for mains electricity and some
radio circuits it really means the earth. It is also
known as ground.

Earth
(Ground)

Output Devices/Loads: Lamps, Heater, Motor

Component

Circuit Symbol

Function of Component

Lamp (lighting)

A transducer which converts electrical

energy to light. This symbol is used for a
lamp providing illumination, for example a
car headlamp or torch bulb.

Lamp (indicator)

A transducer which converts electrical

energy to light. This symbol is used for a
lamp which is an indicator, for example a
warning light on a car dashboard.

Heater

A transducer which converts electrical

energy to heat.

Motor

A transducer which converts electrical

energy to kinetic energy (motion).

Bell

A transducer which converts electrical

energy to sound.

Buzzer

A transducer which converts electrical

energy to sound.

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A coil of wire which creates a magnetic field

when current passes through it. It may have
an iron core inside the coil. It can be used
as a transducer converting electrical energy

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Inductor
(Coil, Solenoid)

to mechanical energy by pulling on

something.

Switches
Component

Circuit Symbol

Push Switch
(push-tomake)

Function of Component
A push switch allows current to flow only when the
button is pressed. This is the switch used to operate a
doorbell.

Push-to-Break
Switch

This type of push switch is normally closed (on); it is

open (off) only when the button is pressed.

On-Off Switch
(SPST)

SPST = Single Pole, Single Throw.

An on-off switch allows current to flow only when it
is in the closed (on) position.

2-way Switch
(SPDT)

SPDT = Single Pole, Double Throw.

A 2-way changeover switch directs the flow of
current to one of two routes according to its position.
Some SPDT switches have a central off position and
are described as 'on-off-on'.

Dual On-Off
Switch
(DPST)

DPST = Double Pole, Single Throw.

A dual on-off switch which is often used to switch
mains electricity because it can isolate both the live
and neutral connections.

Complete the table below:

A. Identify each of
these symbols:
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COMPONENTS

SYMBOLS

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

B. Identify the following basic electronic components

COMPONENT

FIGURE

1.

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2.

3.

4.

A simple circuit contains the minimum things needed to have a functioning electric
circuit

Source- a device used to supply AC or DC voltage

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Consuming- any device that consumes voltage, whatever component or piece of

equipment that is connected to a source and draws current from a source is a
load on that source.
Controlling- any device having two states, on (closed) or off (open). Ideally
having zero impedance when closed and infinite impedance when open.
Protecting-a component used to open the circuit when current exceeds a
predetermined maximum value.
Connecting- a material that conducts electric current very well and used to
connect a complete path for current.
CONTROLLING

source

CONSUMING

Connecting device

Procedure in Circuit Designing

1. Prepare all the tools and materials needed.
2. By using schematic symbol, make a simple circuit with the following :
a. load
consuming
device complete circuit)
(insertb.a figure
of simple
c. protecting device
d. consuming device
e. connecting device
3. Make sure that the circuit has the following requirement that a
simple circuit must have:
a. A source of electrical potential difference or voltage.
b. A conductive path which would allow for the
movement of charges.
c. An electrical resistance which is loosely defined as any
object that uses electricity to do work.
4. Test the designed circuit by comparing it with the sample circuit
produced by your teacher.

A. Fill in the blanks with what is referred to by each of the following.

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1. _______________________ Interconnection of components which provides an

electrical path between two or more components.
2. _______________________ A type of circuit in which the flow of current is cut off.
3. _______________________ A circuit in which the components are connected from
end to end so that the current has only one path to
follow through the circuit.
4. _______________________ A circuit where there is more than one path for the
current to flow through.
5. _______________________ A device used to supply AC or DC voltage.
6. _______________________ Any device having two states, ON or OFF.
7. _______________________ A safety device used to protect an electrical circuit
from the effect of excessive current.
8. _______________________ pathway for carrying an electrical current.
9. _______________________ Components or pieces of equipment connected to a
source which draws current from a source.
10. _______________________ A DC voltage source containing two or more cells that
convert chemical energy to electrical energy.

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A. Initial Steps in Using Analog Multi-tester

1. Connect the test probe to the appropriate jack.
The red test probe to the positive (+) jack and the black to the common (-) jack.

-COM

+ POS

(Black)

(Red)

2. Check if the pointer rests exactly at the infinite zero position in ohmmeter range.

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3. Check the probes if they are in condition. (Ohmmeter calibration)

a. Set the Multi-tester to corresponding selector resistance range.
b. Short the two test probes lead together.

Zero Ohm
Adjustment
knob

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Note:
The pointer should deflect
towards zero ohm reading

Zero
ohm

Adjust the ohm adjustment if the

pointer could not rest exactly at O
ohm reading.

As indicated, the pointer rests out of

the range of ohmmeter scale. Adjust
the ohm adjustment counter
clockwise until the pointer rests O
ohm reading.

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B.

Resistance Measurements
1. Always do the Initial Steps in Using Analog Multi-tester.
2. In testing resistors, capacitors, diodes etc. do not touch both test probe lead,
because our body also has resistance that could affect the reading value of the
electronic components we are testing.
3. If you do not know the value of the resistor to be measured, find the ohmmeter
selector setting until you have a clear reading in the ohmmeter scale.
Ohmmeter Scale
(From infinite to Zero)

Infinite Resistance
open resistor Open
connection or

Ohm
Adjustment

Zero
Resistance
Short
Ohmmeter
Selector
connection
Range
(x1, x10, x1K, x10K
ohms)

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4. Select the desired resistance range scale with selector switch.

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Testing a 55 K ohm resistance

Range: x10 Kohm

The pointer stops at 5.5 in x10K

range on selector switch

Testing a 55 K ohm resistance

Range: x1 K ohm

The setting (x1K in 56K Ohm resistor) is not an

advisable setting in testing 55 K ohms resistance. Because,
the pointer stops somewhere in 50. You cannot clearly
read the resistance value, unlike in x10K ohm setting.

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C.

Voltage Measurement

Set the selector knob to the proper scale range. The chosen scale range must be higher
that the anticipated voltage to be measured. The settings for AC and DC illustrates below
and voltmeter scale where the voltage read.

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Voltmeter Scale (AC/DC)

(From 0 to 10, 50, 250)

DC Voltmeter Selector Range

(0.5, 2.5, 10, 50, 250, 1000)

+ POS (red)
- COM (black)

- AC Voltmeter Selector Range

- (10, 50, 250, 1000)

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Direct Current (DC) Voltage Measurements

Be careful in testing DC voltages especially in polarity. Be sure that the positive test
probe (red) is at the positive voltage supply and the negative test probe (black) is at the
negative or common ground of the supply voltage.

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As illustrated, the deflection of the pointer differs from example 5. Do not be confused
because the only difference is the setting, not the voltage. The first setting sets at 10 volts.
This setting is more sensitive than 50 volts setting. Be careful in setting the voltage. In
testing voltage like in our example, the best setting for 9 volts is at 10-volt setting. Because
it reads more clearly than 50-volt or higher. Do not test 9-volt or higher in 0.5 or 2.5 volts
setting. It can damage your tester.

Alternating Current (AC) Voltage Measurements

In testing AC Voltages, it does not matter if the test probes are interchanged.

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D.

Digital Multi Tester

A digital multi-tester is very different compared to analog multi-tester in terms of display.

Digital multi-tester is purely electronic, without any moving element or coil. It uses Liquid
Crystal display or LCD which is also in calculators and digital watches.

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Using Digital Multi-tester

Compared to Analog Multi-tester, digital multi-tester is more convenient and easy to

operate because of the digital display. The digital shows the exact value that you will need.
Unlike in the analog where sometimes you need to compute for the exact value. No need
to calculate.

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Digital Multitester Selector Switch

In measuring, be careful in selecting selector range. For instance, in measuring

resistance, the selector setting must be at ohm selector range only. Take note that the chosen
range must be higher than the anticipated voltage or current to be measured.

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Sample 1: 4 - Band
Give the value and tolerance of the
resistor band: orange, brown, red ,
silver. As shown below

Solution:

From the figure 3-11 and table 3-1

Orange

Brown

Red

1st digit:

Orange

-3

2nd digit:

Brown - 1

3rd digit:

Red

- x100

4th digit:

Silver

- +10%

Silver
Therefore:
31 x 100 = 3.1 kilo ohms (K) + 10%

Sample 2: 5 Band

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Resistor value

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Give the value and tolerance of

the resistor band: Green, Violet,
Gray, Brown, Brown. As shown
below

Solution:

From the figure 3-11 and table 3-1

1st digit:

Green

-5

2nd digit:

Violet

-7

3rd digit:

Gray

-8

4th digit:

Brown - x10

5th digit:

Brown - + 1%

Therefore:
Green

Violet

Gray

Brown

Brown

578 x 10 = 5.78 kilo ohms (K) + 1%

Resistor value

We, and many others, were taught a little sentence to remember the sequence of
the resistor colors like Black, Brown, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet, Gray, and
White, which refers to: Black Boy Rape One Young Girl but Violet Gives Willingly. As you
will agree this saying no longer applies to the society we live in today for obvious offending
reasons. And we are hesitant to even mention it but fact is, it was part of our learning for
decades and so we decided to mention it for reference purposes only.

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Sample 3: 4 Band
Give the value and tolerance of the
resistor band: yellow, blue, brown,
gold. As shown below
Solution:

From the figure 3-11 and table 3-1

Yellow

Blue

Brown

1st digit:

Yellow - 4

2nd digit:

Blue

-6

3rd digit:

Brown

- x10

4th digit:

Gold

- + 5%

Gold
Therefore:
46 x 10 = 460 ohms () + 5%

Sample 4: 5 Band

Resistor value

Give the value and tolerance of

the resistor band: Violet, Red,
Yellow, Orange, Orange. As
shown below

Solution:

From the figure 3-11 and table 3-1

Violet

Orang
e

Orange

Yello
Red
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w

1st digit:

Violet

-7

2nd digit:

Red

-2

3rd digit:

Yellow - 3

4th digit:

Orange

- x1000

5th digit:

Orange

- + 3%

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Therefore:

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723 x 1000 = 724 kilo ohms (K) + 3%

Note:
K = Kilo ohm () = 1,000 ohms ()
M = Mega ohms () = 1,000,000 ohms ()

Tolerance The percentage of change in the value of a resistor due to manufacturing

defect or variation in humidity and temperature. Therefore the rated resistance value of
resistor is more or less than its rated value.

Example 1:
What is the possible resistance value of 100 + 10%
Since the tolerance of the given resistor is + 10%

Solution:
Decimal equivalent for 10%
For + 10%
100 + (100 x 0.10) = 110 (maximum)
Given resistance
For 5%
100 (100 x 0.10) - 90 (minimum)
To get familiarized with abbreviations in values, used below 4700 or 4K7, 1000 or 1K,
which is all the same. _ Every thousand (1000) is called a K which stands for Kilo. The M
stands for Mega (million). 1 Mega is 1000K or 1000 000 ohms. So 4K7 means 4 thousand
and 7 hundred or 4700 ohms. 6K8 means 6 thousand and 8 hundred or 6800 ohm. One
more example, 1M2 means 1million and 200,000 or 1,200,000

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Ohms. Here are a couple more: 1K92 = 1.92K = 1920 ohms, 100E = 100 ohms, 19K3 = 19.3K
= 19300 ohms, 1M8=1.8M, etc., etc. These are abbreviations you find everywhere in the
industry, schematics, diagrams and whatever. It is normal and takes a bit of time to get
used to.

SELF-CHECK 3.1.4

A. Resistor Reading. Give the value and tolerance of the color-band resistor.

Rated Resistance: _______ ohm

Tolerance: _________________
Red

Red

Red

silver

Rated Resistance: _______ ohm

Tolerance: _________________
orange

red

yellow

gold

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Rated Resistance: _______ ohm

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Tolerance: _________________

brown

black

orange

silver

Rated Resistance: _______ ohm

Tolerance: _________________
white

blue

violet

silver

Rated Resistance: _______ ohm

Tolerance: _________________
green

violet

green

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