Illicium verum

Created By:
Mega Ananda Putri Harahap
4153342014

Bilingual Biology Education 2015

BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF MATHEMATIC AND NATURAL SCIENCES
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
2016

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Illicium verum (Star anise) or Kembang Lawang or dullness is a herb that has a
flavor similar to Anise. The herb is widely used in the cuisines of Asian countries..
Flower name Lawang in Chinese are ba jiao or bat gok which means "eight-horn",
according to the form which has eight petals. Star anise flower has a strong distinctive
smell. From its origin in China, this herb was introduced in Europe in the early 17th
century and since then it began to gain popularity. The resulting oil perisa used as
ingredients in the drink..
SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION:
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: austrobaileyales
Family: Illiciaceae
Genus: Illicium
Species: Illicium verum

Illicium verum is a medium-sized native evergreen tree of northeast Vietnam and

southwest China. A spice commonly called star anise, star anise seed, Chinese star anise
or badiam that closely resembles anise in flavor is obtained from the star-shaped
pericarp of the fruit of Illicium velum which are harvested just before ripening. Star
anise oil is a highly fragrant oil used in cooking, perfumery, soaps, toothpastes,
mouthwashes, and skin creams. About 90% of the world's star anise crop is used for
extraction of shikimic acid, a chemical intermediate used in the synthesis of oseltamivir.

CHAPTER II
DESCRIPTION
HABITAT:
Grows in cold and temperate regions, but does not grow in the lowlands. The
plant is found in areas where the mean annual temperature is in the range 12 18c and the mean annual rainfall is 1,500 - 2,400 mm. Prefers a humus-rich limefree soil with a pH in the range 4 - 6
DISTRIBUTION:
Cultivated in many countries, are like southeast asia, europe etc.
TREE
Anise is an herbaceousannual plant growing to 3 ft (0.9 m) or more tall ever
greenshrubs and small trees.. Anise tree growth speed is very slow and generally takes
up to 15 years from the first since grown to be harvested
fruit. Harvest time is usually three times (3x) the year,
and can bear fruit for more than 100 years. The straight,
cylindrical bole can be 30cm in diameter

STEM AND ROOT

The root is thin and fusiform,and the stem is erect,round,and grooved and
branched above.

LEAF
The leaves are alternately arranged and borne on petioles. The blades are
glandular and fragrant. The leaves at the base of the plant are simple, 382 in (1

5 cm) long and shallowly lobed, while leaves higher on the stems are feathery
pinnate, divided into numerous small leaflets. The
lower leaves are petiolate,orbicular-reniform,entire
and coarsely dentate to lobed.The middle leaves are
orbicular and 3-lobed,or 3-segmented with ovate or
obovatesegments.The

upper

leaves

are

short-

petioled to sessile with narrow sheaths;they are

pinnatisect with narrow tips.
FLOWER
The flowers are solitary. They have few to many
tepals in two or three rows, the inner ones like petals and
the outer ones often smaller and more like bracts. A few to many stamens and pistils are
at the center. The flowers are white, approximately 18 inch (3 mm) in diameter,
produced in dense umbels. The fruit is an oblong dry
schizocarp, 1814 in (36 mm) long, usually called
"aniseed".[6] It bears white colored umbelliform
flowers by July, and harvested by bringing down the
whole plant once its seed-heads matured enough on
the plant itself. Trees can commence flowering when
5 - 6 years old from seed, with viable seed being
produced from around 9 - 10 years old.

FRUIT
The fruit is an aggregate of follicles arranged in
a star-shaped whorl. Anise is actually not flowers, but fruit that is produced by a small
tree. Tree height can reach 8 meters. It has a beautiful yellow flower. Anise reproduce
through seeds. The fruit is picked before ripe and dried with the help of sunlight. The

dried fruits may contain 5 to 8% of essential oil, which dominated by anethole (85 to
90%). The other components, phellandrene, safrole and terpineol, have only small effect
on the aroma. Traces of 1,4 cineol can be used to distinguish star anise from anise,
which (like most other spices) is free of this compound. Trees can continue giving good
crops of fruits for about 80 years, though good fruit
years are usually only encountered every three
years.
SEED
One seed is in each follicle, released when
the follicle dehisces. Note for brown color dry
seeds with thin stalks., oily endosperm.Anise seeds
feature oblong or curved, comma shape, about 3-4 mm long, light brown color and fine
stripes over its outer surface.The seeds feature delicately sweet and aromatic bouquet
with a distinctive liquorice flavor. Their special fragrance is due to essential oil,
anethole in them. The seeds have similar flavor and taste as that of anise. The seeds are
encased inside the husk. .. Its seeds then separated from the flower heads by threshing.
Note for brown color dry seeds with thin stalks.

ADVANTAGE
Anise is antibacterial and antifungal that uses anise the
other is for treating asthma, bronchitis and dry cough. Anise
is also a raw material used to make oseltamivir/tamiflu (an
antiviral drug used to treat bird flu virus.) Anise is also used
in tea as a cure rheumatism, and the seeds are sometimes chewed after meals to aid
digestion. Such as fennel, Anise is also used as an anti-flatulent and can be used in
medicine as a diuretic.production of alcoholic beverages. Examples of production of
alcoholic

beverages

(liquor),

among

others,

Galliano.

 DISADVANTAGE
Scientists Melanie-Jayne Howes, Geoffrey Kite and Monique Simmonds at Kew's
Jodrell Laboratory have developed a means to quickly characterise the volatile
compounds of star anise fruits. This has been done using a technique called thermal
desorptiongas chromatographymass spectrometry. This method can be used to help
distinguish star anise from the potentially toxic fruits of the closely related Japanese star
anise (Illiciumanisatum).

CHAPTER III
REFERENCES
Orwa et al.2009. Magnoliaceae. Hook f. Agroforestry Database.
Http://Www.Dapurprima.Com/2012/06/Pekak-Bunga-Lawang-Star-Anise
Https://Www.Mdidea.Com/Products/New/New04301.Html
Http://Tropical.Theferns.Info/Viewtropical.Php?Id=Illicium+Verum

Http://Www.Kew.Org/Science-Conservation/Plants-Fungi/Illicium-Verum-StarAnise