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SME IX Integer Part and Fractional Part PDF

This document discusses properties related to the integer and fractional parts of real numbers. It contains: (1) Important properties of the integer and fractional parts, such as the fractional part being between 0 and 1. (2) Examples of problems involving integer and fractional parts, such as finding real solutions to equations. (3) Individual study problems, like showing certain inequalities hold for integer and fractional parts. (4) References for further reading on mathematical olympiad courses and properties of real numbers.

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Claudia Irina Moruz
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214 views2 pages

SME IX Integer Part and Fractional Part PDF

This document discusses properties related to the integer and fractional parts of real numbers. It contains: (1) Important properties of the integer and fractional parts, such as the fractional part being between 0 and 1. (2) Examples of problems involving integer and fractional parts, such as finding real solutions to equations. (3) Individual study problems, like showing certain inequalities hold for integer and fractional parts. (4) References for further reading on mathematical olympiad courses and properties of real numbers.

Uploaded by

Claudia Irina Moruz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Integer part and fractional part of a real number

Important properties
(i) {x} [0, 1), x R; {x} = 0 x Z
(ii) x 1 < [x] x < [x] + 1, x R
(iii) [x + n] = [x] + n, x R, n Z
  h i
(iv) nx = [x]
, x R, n N
n
(v) [x] + [y] [x + y] [x] + [y] + 1, x, y R
(
0,
xZ
(vi) [x] + [x] =
1, x R \ Z

 



(vii) [x] + x + n1 + x + n2 + + x + n1
= [nx], x R, n N (Hermites
n
identity)
List of problems
   
1. Find the real solutions of the equation x2 + 2x
= x.
3
2. Find the real solutions of the equation [3x + 1] = 2x 12 .
for all n N, the following relation holds:

[ n + n + 1] = [ 4n + 2].
4. Find S =

502
P
k=1

3. Show that,

 305k 
.
503

5. Let a1 , a2 , . . . , an be positive integers smaller than 1951, such that the least
common multiple of each two is greater than 1951. Show that a11 + a12 + + a1n < 2.
6. How many different nonnegative integers are in the sequence
 2   2   2 


1
2
3
19802
,
,
,...,
?
1980
1980
1980
1980

Individual study
1. Solve the following equations:
(i) 2[x] = x + 2{x}
(ii) [x3 ] + [x2 ] + [x] = {x} 1
(iii) x +

92
x

= [x] +

92
[x]

2. Show that, if x, y R are such that [x + y] = [x] + [y] and [x y] =


[x] + [y], then at least one of x and y is integer.
3. Show that [xy] [x] [y], x, y R+ .
4. Show that [x y] [x] [y] [x y] + 1, x, y R+ .
5. Show that R is rational iff there exists k N such that [k] = k.
6. Let n N be fixed. How many solutions of the equation x2 [x2 ] = (x[x])2
are in the interval [1, n]?
References and supplementary reading
[1] D. Busneag, I. Maftei, Teme pentru cercurile si concursurile de matematica ale
elevilor, Ed. Scrisul romanesc, 1983.
[2] Xu Jiagu, Lecture Notes on Mathematical Olympiad Courses for Junior Section, Vol. 2, World Scientific Publishing, 2010.

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