Secondary School Exam Papers ena Secondary School Examination Papers Secondary Four Express Biology Paper 1 & 2 1 | St. Patrick’s School SA2 2 | Paya Lebar Methodist Girls” School SA2 (Secondary) 3. | Presbyterian High School SA2 4 | Singapore Chinese Girls’ School SA2 5S | Xinmmin Secondary School SA2 6 | Zhonghua Secondary School SA2 7 | Temasek Secondary School SA2 8 | Nan Hua High School SA2FNAME Ciass INDEXNO. \ aN I ST. PATRICK'S SCHOOL MID-YEAR EXAMINATIONS 2012 SUBJECT : BIOLOGY (5094) DATE : 10 MAY 2012 PAPER 1 LeveL : SECONDARY4EXPRESS = DuraTiON : | 1HR INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. 4. There are forty questions in this paper. Answer all questions. For each que there are four possible answers, A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate OPTICAL ANSWER SHEET. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES: Each correct answer will score one mark. Marks will not be deducted for wrong answers. Any rough working should be done in this booklet. Your total score for Paper 1 will be the number of correct answers given. This question paper consists of 19 printed pages. LidAnswer ALL questions. Choose the most appropriate answer and shade the corresponding letter on the separate OAS provided. 1. The figure below represents an epithelial cell lining the wall of the small intestine. Which of the following correctly. identifies the o1 rganolles responsible for energy release and packaging/modifying of materials? _ ‘Energy Release _ _|_Packaging/modifying materials | x 4 and2 3 oni | B 4 only 6 and 7 c —Aonly ant 5 D 6 onl Sand 6 _ 2, The diagram below shows four different types of cells, not drawn to scale. Where cen these four types of cells be found? [ I 3 4 A villi trachea _ skin blood vessel B trachea blood vessel vill skin Cy skin | vill blood vessel trachea D_| blood vessel skin | _ trachea vill3. The diagram below shows part of one cell ina leaf. Zap > Which one of the labelled parts A, B, C or D is also found in an animal cell? 4. The diagram below shows a group of body cells surrounded by tissue fluid. cS Body cell Tissue fluid Which conditions ensure that body cells take in water? Concentration of tissue fluid Water potential of cytoplasm in body cells. A High - High = 7 - B High Low c Low High D Low LowA pupil treated four identical pieces of potatoes in two stages, as described in the fable below. Which piece of potato will show the largest increase in size after 3 hours? [| Stage Stage 2 A ___Unboiled Placed in 15% sucrose solution for 3 hours B_| Boiled in water for 20 mins Placed in distilled water for 3 hours C | Boiled in water for 20 mins _| Placed in 15% sucrose solution for 3 hours D Unboiled Placed in distilled water for 3 hours In the experimental set-up shown below, the tubing acts as a partially permeable P Qa R membrane. 2% wero solution Which one of the following graphs illustrates the likely variations in liquid levels in tubings Q and R? Liquid tovet loves Lieu!Which one of the following is an energy-rich carbohydrate stored in large quantities in the cytoplasm of liver and muscle? ATP Starch Protein Glycogen vom> For the same amount of mass, fats has the ability to produce more energy than carbohydrates. Yet, carbohydrates are always oxidized first to release energy during ‘strenuous exercise. Which of the following explains why? Compared to carbohydrates, A fats cannot be stored in storage organs B fats cannot be converted during anaerobic respiration c fats take a longer time to be oxidised to release energy D fats require less oxygen during respiration to release eneray The table below shows an experiment carried out by a student. Food Step | _ substance Substance added Result being tested 1 w Benedict's solution Solution remained blue 2 x lodine solution Solution tumed blue-black 3 x Benedict's solution Solution remained blue 4 x Y Zis formed 5 x Y (boiled) A mixture with W is formed 6 z Benedict's solution Brick-red ppt observed Which one of the following shows the correct identities of W, X, Yand 2? WwW x ¥ Zz A Reducing sugar Starch Saliva Starch B Sta Starch Saliva Reducing sugar Cc Sta Saliva Reducing sugar_| Reducing sugar | D_| Reducing sugar | Reducing sugar Saliva Starch10. The graph below shows the effect of temperature on the activity of amylase. Rate of reaction / mii! Temperature /°C Based on the graph, some conclusions were drawn: 1. Amylase is denatured at 0°C I. Amylase is most active at 45°C. Ill, Amylase activity slows down at 60°C WV. Enzyme activity is directly proportional to the rise in temperature Which of the above statement(s) is/are true about amylase? only land Wt 1H, and Ub 1, Mand IV com> For Questions 11 and 12, refer to the diagram below which shows the reactions between different substances. + 3H. ° N Bld K 11. Which one of the following statements is FALSE? K is the substrate. and P are products of anabolism. The nature of L remains the same at the end of the reaction. L contains an active site which is of complementary shape to K. com> 12. What type of reaction is most likely illustrated by the diagram? A Digestion of starch. B Hydrolysis of lactose. c Formation of cellulose. D Synthesis of organic compounds.13. 14. 15. Which of these is not true about bile? A It is produced by the pancreas. B It contributes to the alkalinity of the small intestines. c It is a mixture of special salts, water and cholesterol. D It helps to expose a large surface area of lipid for lipase to act on. The table shows the results of an investigation on the absorption of digested products in the presence and absence of oxygen. Product of | Absorption in the presence of | Absorption in the absence of digestion ‘oxygen /arbitrary units oxygen / arbitrary units | Amino acids. 65 1S Fatty acids 19 Glucose : - 25 _| Glycerol 47 Which conclusion can be drawn from these results? com> All products of digestion are absorbed by diffusion only. Fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed mainly by diffusion. Amino acids and glucose are absorbed by active transport only. All products of digestion are absorbed by both active transport and diffusion Refer to the diagram which shows parts of the human digestive system. Organ S Organ T Organ U. What does each of the labelled organs (S, T and U) above have in common? com> Allthe organs secrete digestive juices. Protein digestion occurs in all three labelled organs Villi are present along the inner walls of all the organs. Allthe organs move its content using peristaltic movement.16. A grass patch was covered by a piece of plank for 4 days for an event. When the plank was removed after the event, it was observed that the grass in the covered region had tured yellow. What had caused the grass to change colour? A Lack of light B Lack of water c Lack of magnesium D Lack of carbon dioxide ‘The diagram shows two cells from a leaf. When the leaf is in the dark, at which point will the concentration of carbon dioxide be highest?18. The following diagram shows that a leafy twig can draw up a column of mercury in a thin glass tube. leaty twig Which one of the following will lead to the greatest increase in the rate at which the mercury column is drawn up? Increase in humidity. Increase in external environmental temperature. Increase in external environmental temperature and humidity. Increase in external environmental temperature and decrease in humidity. vom> 19. In an experiment to investigate transpiration, four identical leafy shoots were treated as follows. L Upper leaf surfaces covered with water-proof jelly I Lower leaf surfaces covered with water-proof jelly Ml Upper and lower leaf surfaces covered with water-proof jelly IV. Untreated The graph shows the water lost by the four shoots. Which line shows the results for shoot I? Amount of water lost20. Refer to the diagram below which shows an experiment in progress. ‘lass tube oil layer rubber tube ‘cut stem of plant pot What does the apparatus above demonstrate? The presence of root pressure. The presence of capillary action. The presence of transpiration pull. The presence of xylem vessel in the plant. com> 21. Experiments were carried out on plants living in different environments to measure the size of the leaf stomata at different times of the day. Previous investigations had shown that plants transpire more water when the size of the stomata is larger. Which graph best represents a plant living in a dry environment? A 5 ‘Shae ae “se sas faye le iy meee ae moos aes D ey c ugh ae =)\ = NS Tove of ds Tere stony22. 23. 24, When there is a cut on the skin, which is the correct sequence of involvement of the blood components in blood clotting? Fst st A_| fibrin platelet Red blood cell_| fibrinogen B fibrinogen Red blood cell | platelet fibrin c platelet, fibrin fibrinogen Red blood cell D platelet fibrinogen fibrin Red blood cell The following diagram shows a valve in a section of a vein. Which of the following statements is correct? In.order for the valve to remain open, blood will flow from X to Y. The valve closes between heartbeats, due to the elasticity of the wall. Muscles in the wall contract and close the valve, preventing backflow. The valve is forced open when the blood pressure at Y is greater than at X. com> Nicotine and carbon monoxide are present in tobacco smoke. What are their effects on health? _____ Nicotine | Carbon monoxide [A Causes addiction Causes atherosclerosis Causes addiction Causes emphysema c Increases blood pressure Causes addiction D Paralyses cilia Causes lung cancer25. The diagram below represents the gaseous exchange surface of an aquatic organism such as a bony fish. fast water tlow blood flow Which conditions would result in the maximum rate of diffusion of oxygen across the gaseous exchange surface? Amount of oxygen | Amount of oxygen dissolved in water_| dissolved in plasma | _Rate of blood flow A ‘small Targe fast B ‘small large | slow c large smal | fast D large small | slowQuestion 26 and 27 refer to the diagram below, which shows the structure of human nephron and its associated blood vessels. 1 from renal.artery 26. At sites 1 and 2, there is movement of glucose between the blood and the fluid in the nephron. Which of the following correctly states the processes responsible for the movement of glucose at these two sites? [ ite 1 Site 2 A filtration active transport B diffusion diffusion c filtration ‘osmosis D [diffusion active transport 27. Which of the following correctly states and explains the change in concentration of fluid in site 3 of a person after a basketball match? Change in flui Reason concentration A Increase More mineral saits are reabsorbed B Increase A greater proportion of water is reabsorbed Cc Decrease Less mineral salts are reabsorbed | D Decrease A smaller proportion of water is reabsorbed)28. Aman is placed in a room where the temperature is controlled at 40°C. Measurements of his skin temperature and rate of sweating are recorded over a period of timo. > > Temperature (°C) 5, a ‘Temperature (°C) Time ° ‘Temperature (°C) o Temperature (°C) Time skin temperature Which figure would most accurately represent the above situation? rate of sweating —— — 29. During osmoregulation, which one of the following correctly describes the body's homeostatic response to a large intake of water? 30. Organ/ Region Hormone Kidney tubule | __ Water 1 Stimulated secreted Action absorption A hypothalamus | less adrenaline absorb less B hypothalamus less ADH reabsorb less | c kidney more ADH reabsorb more D kidney __| more adrenaline ‘absorb more Which of the following is/are characteristics of a wind-pollinated flower? 1 anthers with short filaments I. small smooth pollen grains th flowers are small and dull-coloured IV. stigmas are large and protrude out of the flower A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only c 3 and 4 only D 2, 3 and 4 only31. The diagram shows half a flower. The following key may be used to identify the plant on which the flower is growing, 1. petals separate from sepals petals and sepals joined ... go to 2 . plant P 2. flower with four stamens ....... flower with more than four stamens ... plant Q goto3 3. ovary is as tall as it is wide ovary is taller than it is wide .... plant .go to 4 4. flower has two petals . plant S flower has more than two petals ..... plant T To which plant does the flower belong? A plant P B plant Q c plant R D plant T32. 33. For questions 32 and 33, refer to the diagram of the male reproductive organs. 1 Which labelled structure carries sperms but not urine? com> anes What is the most obvious effect of gonorrhoea on the male reproductive organs? A sore ulcer at 2. A discharge of pus at 4, A blockage of the tube at 3. An increase in urine flow in 1. com> In which of the following processes does meiosis occur? 1. The production of red blood cells in the bone marrow Il. The production of pollen grains in the anther lobes lil. The production of sperms in the testes of mammals IV. The production of new cells in the liver of mammals V. The production of egg cells in the ovule of flowering plants A land IV only B Wand V only c 1, Mand IVonly D U1, Mand V only35. The diagram below shows a pair of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. At which stage does this occur? Interphase Prophase | Anaphase | Metaphase | vom> 36. The figure below shows three generations of a family and their blood group of each individual. Which individual is most likely to have been adopted? com> aoon37. 38. 39. The diagram shows the pattern of inheritance of dark hair and red hair in two families, Fai m same ro WO ° us Oh e Damn Wa Family Bh owcrarecmare Oo Red-hairedfemale If individuals P and Q marry, which prediction can be made about the hair colour of their children? All the children will have red hair. Alll the children will have dark hair. Half the children will have dark hair. Three quarters of the children will have red hair. vouD> Aperson had blood group AB. What determines this blood group? Same alleles on same chromosomes. Different alleles on same chromosomes. Same alleles on different chromosomes. Different alleles on different chromosomes. com> The diagram shows part of a DNA molecule. Which part of the DNA molecule shows a nucleotide?40. The diagram below illustrates the change that occurs in the frequency of phenotypes in an insect population over 10 generations. Fitst generation Tenth generation A probable explanation for change would be that over time there was a decrease in the mutation rate of gene a a decrease in the adaptive value of gene a an increase in the population of this insect an increase in the adaptive value of gene a coupNAME SuBJECT : LeveL Class ST. PATRICK'S SCHOOL MID-YEAR EXAMINATIONS 2012 | inDex No. _l BIOLOGY (5094) Date 9 MAY 2012 PAPER 2 SECONDARY 4 EXPRESS Duration: 1HR45 MINS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. 1. This paper consists of Two (2) Sections: Section A and Section B. 2. Section A: Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided. 8. Section B: Answer 3 questions on the separate writing paper provided. Begin each question on a new sheet of writing paper. 4. At the end of the examination, fasten all separate writing papers securely to the question paper, using the string provided. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES: The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] atthe end of each question. PAPER 1 140 You are advised to spend no longer than one hour on PAPERZ Section Aand no longer than 45 minutes on Section B. | ce rion a « BO SECTIONB: Question-9 110 Parent's Signature: — Question 10 _| 140 ti 1 / 10 Target Grade Beene TOTAL 1 120 | GRADE | This question paper consists of 16 printed pages.SECTION A (50 marks) Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided. 1. The effect of temperature on the action of enzyme amylase on starch was investigated. Tube A contains starch suspension and amylase kept at 10°C. Tube B contains starch suspension and amylase kept at 20°C. ‘Tube C contains starch suspension and amylase kept at 40°C. Tube D contains starch suspension and boiled amylase kept at 40°C. The results for tubes A, C and D are shown in Graph 1.1. Amount of starch (mg) (a) 10 Tube D 9 8 7 Tube A 6 5 ao 3 2 1 0 Tube C o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8&8 9 WW Time (mins) Graph 1.1 Predict the results of tube B by sketching a line graph on Graph 1.1. (1){b) How long did it take the un-boiled enzyme to completely break down the starch at 40°C? f) (c) What two substances were left in tube C at the end of the experiment? 1) (d) Biological washing powders contain starch-digesting enzymes. What advice would you give to the consumer on how to obtain the best results from a biological washing powder? Give a reason to support your advice. (2)2 Fig. 2.1 shows the section of the human alimentary canal and some details of the internal features. submucosa circular muscle fongitudinal muscle Fig 2.4 (a) State a function of structure A: 1 (b) State and explain three adaptations of structure B which allows it to Carry outs function effectively. [3] {e) Lectins are proteins found in beans that can cause over-secretion of mucus in structure A. Suggest how this might adversely affect the function of this section of the human alimentary canal.3. The graph below shows the changes in carbon dioxide concentration measured in a field of grass during a warm day in summer. (a) (b) (a) g ee s 8 ‘S 350: 2 i & es iia : Hea TEE a a TC rT Tine thours) What is the highest concentration of carbon dioxide recorded? Why is the. concentration of carbon dioxide highest between 0000 to 0400 hours? Why does the carbon dioxide concentration drop from 0400 to 1200 hours? A botanist measured the amount of oxygen given out and taken in by the plant. At one point in the early moming, the grass neither gave out nor took in oxygen. Identify and explain the reason for this oocurrencs. a) (1) (2) a4. The figure below shows a small part of a circulatory system in the abdominal cavity in man. The arrows indicate the direction of blood flow. Stomach Small. intestine (a) (i) Name blood vessels A to C. A: B: c: The person has recently eaten a meal containing protein and carbohydrates. By using letters only in the diagram, state which of the blood vessels will contain the highest percentage of: oxygen: a a glucose: urea: ie erections(b) () State one way in which the concentration of glucose of the plasma in blood vessels A and B will dffer after the person has eaten for one day. Explain how the difference in concentration of the glucose has occurred. 2) Suggest how damage to the liver may lead to poor digestion of fats. 2)5. The diagram below shows the model of a nephron. It is used to demonstrate the how the nephron functions. A mbture of red. dye and: coats sand is stirred continuously Red dye (a) Identify the labelled structures in. the mammalian body that are represented by: J i] (b) What is the purpose of tightening the tubing near part H with a screw clip? (c) Name one cell type or organic compound in the mammalian body that is represented by the coarse sand in the mixture present in the reservoir. i(d) In the case of kidney failure, a dialysis machine can be used if no kidney donor is found. Outline the key features of a dialysis machine. [3]6. Fig. 6 shows the development of a zygote (L) into a foetus. Fig. 6 (a) State where structure M would usually be found in the female reproductive system, (1) (b) Describe two developmental processes that occur after N reaches the uterus that enables it to continue to develop into a foetus. ica) (c) Describe how the foetus is protected at O. [2]7. Fig 7.1 below shows a pair of homologous chromosomes at Prophase | (a) (b) (c) (a) A chiasmata B Fig 7.1 Define the term homologous chromosomes. Identify structures A and B. State two ways in which prophase | of meiosis is different from prophase in mitosis ‘State two ways in which genetic variation is introduced in meiosis. 1] (1) 2] (21{e) Explain the functions of meiosis and why itis important. s 172) () Fig 7.2 below shows cells of a root tip undergoing various-stages of mitosis. Fig 7.2 On the diagram, (i) circle and label a cell undergoing prophase with a P. q (ii) circle and label a cell undergoing anaphase with an A. (1)8. DNA is a double-stranded molecule composed of mononucleotides. (a)_In the space below, draw a diagram to show two mononucleotides joined together in a single strand of DNA (polynucleotide). Use the symbols shown for each component in your diagram. Phosphate group oO Base Deonyribose suger QO Bond = 2] (b) (i) Complete Table 8.1 to give the names of the other two bases and state the percentages of the bases in the given DNA sample. Table 8.1 Percentage of base Name of base in DNA sample 30 thymine (T) 20 guanine (G) (ii) The given sample of DNA contained 2000 bases. Calculate the number of thymine bases in the sample of DNA. 1) --- END OF SECTION A -- 13‘SECTION B (30 marks) Answer THREE questions from this section on the separate writing paper provided. Question 11 is the form of an EITHER / OR QUESTION. ONLY ONE PART SHOULD BE ANSWERED. Begin each question on anew sheet of writing paper. 8. Table 9.4 shows the relative metabolic rate of mammals in relation to their mass. Relative metabolic rate is the rate of metabolic activities taking place at a state of rest. Table 9.1 Mass (kg) | _30 40 | 50 | 60 [| 70 | 80 100 | 120 Relative | metabolic | 20 16 10 9 5 4 am 4 rate | - oe (a) Plot on the graph paper provided a graph of relative metabolic mass against mass (kg). 3 (b) With reference to the graph, state and explain the relationship between the basal metabolic rate and the body mass of the mammals. (4 (c) Explain how mammals regulate their body temperature in a hot climate. [3]10. In fruit fly, grey body colour is completely dominant over black body colour. Three groups of fruit flies A, B and C with grey body colour were crossed in the following pattern and the following results were obtained. Use G to represent dominant trait and g to represent the recessive trait. Result Crosses Parents Grey-bodied | Black-bodied flies flies 1 AxCc 207 » AxB 158 52 Bxc 182 - (a) Identify the possible genotypes of the flies A, B and C respectively. Explain your answers. (b) If the flies A are crossed with black-bodied flies, what is/are the expected genotypes and phenotypic ratio of the offspring in the cross? Explain using a genetic cross. (c) These grey-bodied and black-bodied flies were released in an industrial city which is heavily polluted with soot particles. Which type of fruit flies can better survive? Give a reason to support your answer. 15 (5) BI 2)1. 11, EITHER fa) (b) () OR (a) (b) Describe the changes in the respiratory system during inhalation. Describe how the circulatory system and respiratory system enable muscle cells to carry out activities during exercise. Explain why the level of oxygen uptake remains high during the 5 minutes immediately after exercise. Describe and explain how water moves (i) Into a.root hair cell (ii) From the root hair cell to the xylem. (iil) From the leaf to the atmosphere. With reference to a named plant with insect-pollinated flowers and a named plant with wind-pollinated flowers, compare the structure and floral parts of the two types of flowers. -- END OF PAPER -—- (4) [4] 2] [2] 1) 3] [4]Pouca aa i Hs il T. PATRICK'S SCHOOL ey Mip-YEAR EXAMINATIONS 2012 SusJEcT : BIOLOGY (5094) Date > 9 MAY 2012 (PAPER 2) 10 MAY 2012 (PAPER 1) Lever : SECONDARY 4 EXPRESS DuRATION = 41 HR 45 MINS, 1HR PAPER 1: MCQ (40 m) c B D D B B D B A A D B D D A___ eae D D D B D A A Cc D 8 B c Cc DB B B B 1B ‘1B A A A E D D FAPER 2: SECTION A (50 m) Aline between A and C [1] i ye is ILt0ok § minutes [1] {1 te | Mallose [1/2] 1) Amylase [12) 1d The enzymes in biological washing powders will work most effectively at | [2] an optimum temperature [1/2] of about 40°C [1/2] as shown in the graph. + The temperature should not be high [1/2] as enzymes are denatured by high temperatures [1/2] as shown in the graph. or * Allow the clothing to be soaked for a while before washing [1] + _as time is needed by the enzymes [1/2] to digest the proteins [1/2]2a To produce intestinal juice/ enzymes [1/2] for digestion of food such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats [1/2] OR To absorb digested food [1/2] into the bloodstream [1/2] ti) 2b ‘Any 3 adapiations: The villi are finger-like projections [1/2] which increase surface area to volume ratio to absorb digested food more efficiently [1/2] The epithelial cells of the villi have microvilli [1/2] which further increase surface area to volume ratio [1/2] ‘The epithelium of the villi is one-cell thick / the villi has thin walls [1/2] to enable efficient absorption of food [1/2] The villi have many blood and lymphatic capilaries [1/2] to carry away the absorbed food substances / maintaining a concentration gradient for the absorption of digested food substances [1/2] Epithelial cells have mitochondria [1/2] to enable active transport of substances into the capillaries [1/2] Reject: length of small intestine is long {] 2 ‘The presence of mucus might form a layer over the villi / block villi / cover villi [1/2] This reduces the surface area available for the absorption of substances into the blood and lymphatic capillaries [1/2] Efficiency of absorption of substances into the blood and lymphatic capillaries may be reduced [1] 2] (6) Ja 410 ppm [i] ty] 3b No photosynthesis occurs as there is no light [1/2] Only respiration occurs, producing carbon dioxide [1/2] fr 3e 3d As light intensity increases to a maximum (during day time) [1/2] rate of photosynthesis increases / Rate of photosynthesis is higher than rate of respiration [1] using up more carbon dioxide / there is net uptake of carbon di Rate of photosynthesis is equals to rate of respiration [1/2] No net movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in and out of plant [1/2] dde (1/2) ie] a) i ‘dai ‘% hepatic portal vein [1/2] B : hepatic vein [1/2] C: hepatic artery [1/2] [1.5] aii ‘oxygen: C [1/2] glucose: A [1/2] urea: B [1/2] (1.5) lower concentration of glucose in blood vessels A[1/2] No glucose is absorbed by the small intestine [1/2] higher concentration of glucose in blood vessels B [1/2] glycogen is broken down into glucose [1/2] (2) 4c bie is not produced [1] no emulsification / stower digestion of fat [1] (2 75a]: Glomerulus (1/2) m [om] (ferent arteriole [1/2] Sb [~The purpose is to reduce the lumen of tubing near H [1/2] @ + sos to set up a high pressure in I [1] * and enables the small molecules to pass through tubing | at a fast rate [1/2] a ‘Se _| Red blood cells / blood plasma proteins [i] | 5d | + The dialysis fluid contains the same concentration of essential B substances [1/2] (such as mineral salts) as the blood to ensure that essential substances are not lost/ diffuse out of blood [1/2] * Dialysis fluid does not contain metabolic waste products such as urea [1/2] to ensure a contentration gradient [1/2] for the waste products to diffuse out of the blood in‘o the dialysis fluid. * The tubing is narrow, long and coiled [1/2] to increase surface area to. volume ratio / speed up rate of exchange of substances between blood and dialysis fluid [1/2] * OR * The direction of blood flow is opposite to the flow of dialysis fluid [1/2] to maintain the concentration gradient for removal of waste products from blood [1/2] Any 3 points _ - 6a__| oviduct/Faliopian tube [1] 1 6) | 6b [+ Implantation / attaches to ining (endometrium) of uterus [1] (2) | * forming placenta [1] 6c Enclosed in the amniotic sac with aminotie fluid [1] ie] | thus protecting it from mechanical injury [1/2] and it absorbs shook [1/2] 7a_|* Pair of chromosomes that carry the same order of genes [1/2] fa] fo) have the same length / shape /size [1/2] 7b : centromere [1/2] io} chromatid [1/2] oe aos 7e |» No pairing up of homologous chromosomes for mitosis [1] i] | *__No crossing over for mitosis [1] 7d ‘Any 2 points: ra} | * Crossing over [1/2] of homologous chromosomes [1/2] OR chiasmeta formation [1/2] during prophase | [1/2] + Random arrangement of chromosomes [1/2] during metaphase | and II [1/2] (Just stating Law of independent assortment [1/2]) + Chromosomes assort randomly into two gametes [1/2] which have an equal chance of fertilizing to form a zygote [1/2]. (Just stating Law-of independent segregation [1/2]) Te [+ Produce haploid gamete / cell [1/2] 2 + Resiore the diploid no. of chromosomes in zygote during fertilization [1/2] + Results in genetic variation [1/2] ‘+ Increase chance of survival of species [1/2]{7fi | @ Tfii | L [8a a |e | | Nucleotide 1m for correctly drawing one nucleotide H, 1m for drawing two nucleotides joined together 8b percentage of base name of base (2) |__in DNA sample _ _ 30 L thymine (T) 20 guanine (G) 20 [12] | cytosine (C) [1/2] | 2 E 30 (1/2) adenine (A) [1/2] | 8c _| 30% of 2000 bases = 600 thymine basesPAPER 2: SECTION B (30 m) ale Plotied points — all correct (allow for 1 missing or 1 error) [1] Best fit curve [1] Label of axis [1] Wet neabalinate vals / tI] ‘9b | (i) ‘The greater the body mass, the lower the basal metabolic rate [1] (ii) * Greater mass means decreased surface area: volume ratio [1] * This causes less heat to be lost {1] * Hence the metabolism at rest does not need to be high to maintain its body temperature [1] OR * smaller mass means increased surface area: volume ratio [1] * This causes more heat to be lost [1] Hence the metabolism at rest needs to be high to maintaii temperature [1] body 9e Max (3 ‘Arise in blood temperature activates the hypothalamus to send out nerve impulses to different parts of the body [1/2] Arterioles in skin dilate while shunt vessels constricts [1/2] to allow more blood to flow through the capifaries inthe skin; [1/2] Increased production of sweat to lose heat [1/2] By latent heat of vaporization Rapid breathing [1/2] Metabolic rate slows down [1/2] Hair erector muscles relax / hair flattens [1/2} BI i)40a | Assume dominant allele as G (grey bodied) and recessive allele as g (black bodied); + A~Gg or heterozygous dominant [1/2] * B~Ggor heterozygous dominant [1/2] * C~GG orhomozygous dominant [1/2] 6) EITHER * When A (or B) crosses with C, offspring with homozygous dominant (GG) [412] + and heterozygous dominant (Gg) will be produced [1/2] + only grey bodied flies can be produced [1/2] + When A crosses with B, possible genotypes are + 6G[1/2) + Ggand (1/2) + 9g (1/2) ‘+ black bodied flies and grey bodied flies are produced [1/2] oR Using table to show genetic crosses €,9 m7 A c Parents phenotype Grey Grey Parents genotype 7 6g G6. (1/2) Gametes G g G |] 6 FA genotype/ 6S 6G G9 Go| [1/2] crossing over FA phenotypic ratio Grey Grey Grey Grey _| [1/2] Ratio _ _ ‘All Grey B Parents phenotype Grey Parents genotype Ga [172 Gametes: SG 9 (oJ g F1 genotype / GG Gg Gg 99 [1/2] crossing over F1 phenotypic ratio Grery | Grey Grey Black | [1/2] Ratio ‘Black (14 0b A Black bodied [3] Parents phenotype Grey Black (1/2) Parents genotype CG a (12) Gametes___ G 9 go g | [1/2] F4 genotype / Gg Gg gg gg | (1/2 crossing over F1 phenotype Grey Grey | Black [Black] (1/2) F1 phenotypic ratio 7 grey: 1 black / (1/3 50% grey: 50% black [oy 0c [+ biack bodied flies [1} + Pollution with soot particles release black and dense smoke [1/2] * grey bodied flies will be easily spotted by their predators [1/2] 2)41 [EITHER The diaphragm contracts and flattens [1/2] The external intercostals muscles contract [1/2] while the internal intercostals muscles relax [1/2] Ribs move upwards and outwards [1/2] Volume of thoracic cavity increases [1/2] Air pressure in the lungs causes them to expand to fill up the enlarged space in the thorax (1/2] Air pressure inside lungs decreases [1/2] Air rushes into the lungs due fo the high atmospheric pressure [1/2] 141 During exercise the heart rate increases [1/2] fo pump more blood into the muscles [1/2] This provides more oxygen [1/2] and glucose to the muscles [1/2] and takes away carbon dioxide more quickly [1/2] Breathing rate increases to [1/2] increase uptake of oxygen (1/2) and removel of carbon dioxide [1/2] [4] To provide sufficient oxygen to repay the oxygen debt [1/2] This happens in the muscles [1/2] Lactic acid is removed from the muscles and transported to the liver [1/2] In the liver, lactic acid is oxidised to produce energy to convert remaining lactic acid to glucose [1/2] 2] [10] a] () [+ The cell sap in the root hair cell is concentrated / have lower water potential than the soil solution (reject water concentration) {1] + Water enters root hair cell by osmosis [1] (2) ‘+The root hair cell is more dilute / has higher water potential than the inner cell [1/2] * hence water enters by osmosis into inner cells, and continues till reach xylem vessels [1/2] tl (ii) | + in spongy mesophyil celis water moves out by osmosis (reject palisade) [1] * and forms thin layer of moisture on cell surface [1] * water evaporates into intercellular air spaces [1/2] water vapour diffuses out of leaf + through stomata [1/2] [3] b [+ Plant with insect-poliinated flower: Clitoria (accept other valid examples) (1/2) + Plant with wind-pollinated flower: ishaemum muticum (accept other valid examples) [1/2] Differences between the Clitoria & Ischaemum muticum: 2 Any 3 comparisons ~ 1/2 m for each correct comparison for each flower Clitoria Ischaemum muticum: large, conspicuous blue petals No petals / small dull t) flowering glumes af Neciar guides present No necar quides t) Nectar present Absence of nectar tO) | Stigma is enclosed within flower | Stigma is pendulous t Not feathery, small stigma Feathery, large stigma t ‘Stamen enclosed within flower? | ong, thin and pendulous fa not pendulous 4 [10]Paya Lebar Methodist Girls’ School (Secondary) Preliminary Examination Two 2012 Secondary 4 Express Subject: Pure Biology (SPA) Duration: thr Paper Number: 5094 Paper 1 Class: 41/403 Name: OO — Date: 28 August 2012 Centre Number Index Number Is TI =n READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Wiite in soft pencil. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Write your name, Centre number and index number on the Answer Sheet. There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet. Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. Any rough working should be done in this booklet. This document consists of 18 printed pages.1, The graph below shows the activation energy of an enzyme-catelysed reaction and the same reaction without a catalyst. Which of the following shows the activation energy of the uncatalysed reaction? energy reaction X+Y-Z X+Z-Y X+Y Yaz vom> 2. The graph represents the changes in the quantity of DNA present in one nucleus at different stages in the life cycle of a mammal. Which stage takes place at X? x 4 fertilisation DNAcontent 34 Jasbitrary units +299 A interphase B metaphase C prophase D telophase3. At which stage of mitosis do these events occur? | centromeres separate | spiralisation and condensation of DNA _ A anaphase interphase B anaphase prophase c metaphase interphase D metaphase telophase 4. The diagram shows part of a DNA molecule. How many hydrogen bonds are involved in holding these strands of DNA together? A T HG Le G Cs me Atl BO cB D4 5. There is less oxygen at high altitude compared to ground level. Which is a correct description and reason for the response of the body to high altitude? Description Reason more red blood cells because haemoglobin breaks down more rapidly Ted blood ceils have genes switched on so red blood cells produte more haemoglobin > | fewer red blood celis to compensate for an increase in ‘oxygen unloading in tissues more red blood cells 50 more red blood cells are produced to carry more haemoglobin6. What events occur during the contraction of the left ventricle? [A | The bicuspid valve opens and semilunar vaive in the aorta opens. 5 | The bicuspid valve closes and semilunar valve in the aorta closes. C | The pressure in the left atrium becomes greater than in the left ventricle. D | The pressure in the left ventricle becomes greater than the pressure in the aorta. 7. Blood and tissue fluid has different composition. Which row shows the composition of tissue fluid? Contains red | contains water | contains antibodies | contains blood cells lipids A x V V V B V v V x Cc V Vv x V D x x Vv 4, 8. Which of the following processes are involved in transport in phloem? 1. diffusion 2. active transport 3. osmosis 1, 2and 3 T and 2 only 1 and 3 only 2 and 3 only o] of of >9. The graph shows the results of measuring the concentration of sucrose in the xylem, phloem and leaves of a plant during 24 hours. Which conclusion can be drawn from these results? phioom sucrose concentration leaves xylem 0600 = 1200S 1800~=—0000 time of day ‘Osmosis moves water from the xylem to the phloem. Sucrose is actively transported into the phloem from the leaves. Sucrose is moved in both directions in the phloem. oJ of of > Xylem tissue uses sucrose as a source of energy. 10. The breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen is catalysed by the enzyme catalase. In an investigation of the effect of pH on the rate of reaction of catalase, potato cubes were added to hydrogen peroxide. Which dependent variable should be recorded? ‘A’ | the change in mass of the potato after a given time B | the pH of the solution at regular time intervals C | the number of potato cubes added at the star. D_ | the volume of oxygen given off at regular time intervals11. The diagram represents the movement of water through a plant. Which row identifies the processes involved during the stage of water movement shown? cohesion and transpiration ‘osmosis, adhesion L A zi 2 3 B 3 1 2 c 2 1 _ a D 2 : 3 112, Anhydrous cobalt chloride paper which is placed against the lower surface and upper surface of a leaf, has faster change of colour on the lower surface. This shows that transpiration takes place through the stomata. there are more stomata on the upper surface of the leaf. there are more stomata on the lower surface of the leaf. the rate of transpiration is faster on the lower surface of the leaf than the upper surface of the leaf. vom> 13. Agraph shows changes in a person's heart rate over a period of 45 minutes. The sequence of events involves: + waiting in a queue * entering a sports stadium + seeing a goal scored + relaxing during halt time Which graph shows this sequence of events? ‘ : _ 7 eset, en, wl * Dee baa ced les a ‘ w= ee eens | gas | 55. ba s: - . 8 o 6 o & » &14. What is an example of excretion? vom> Removal of carbon dioxide from the lungs Release of adrenaline from the adrenal glands Removal of digested food from the duodenum Removal of faeces from the alimentary canal For questions 15 and 16, refer to the bar graph below which shows the rate of blood flow in four parts of the body when the body is in different states of activity. 300 ight exercise 2004 strenuous exercise 400} rate of blood flow in body tissues A B c D 15, Which group of bars represents the smalll intestines? 16. The group of three bars labelled A may possibly represent all of the following EXCEPT A B c heart muscles lungs bladder17. The graph below shows the depth of breathing in a person before a period of intense exercise. volume of air in lungs during breathing/ dm 25 timeis Which graph will show the depth of breathing of the same person immediately after the period of intense exercise? 25. vote ain 20 ns broshingfdm? 45 10 2s volume ofaia 20 it Brostingldn® 5 10 ‘ ‘ = win jan meee A bresthing/dm* 45. o ahs a ‘ : Bae. ‘ whi di18. The diagram below shows the structure of a nephron, Which region of the nephron has cells with the greatest number of mitochondria? voms Rona 19. Samples of blood from the renal artery and the renal vein are analysed. What does the blood in the renal artery contain, in comparison with the blood in the renal vein? A less carbon dioxide and more urea Bmore carbon dioxide and less urea C less oxygen and more urea D_ more oxygen and less urea20. Which identifies the receptor, central nervous system and effector? central nervous | ___ receptor prey effector A atend of motor includes brain muscle neurone 8 at end of sensory | includes islets of gland neurone Langerhans C | atendof sensory includes spinal at end of motor neurone cord neurone D at end of motor includes relay _ | at end of sensory neurone neurones neurone 21. Which one of the following parts of the eye causes the greatest refraction of light? gom> ‘Aqueous humour Comea Lens Vitreous humour 22. A boy was looking at a distant aeroplane in the sky. What happens when he looked down to check the time on his wrist watch? ciliary | suspensory | pull on the | lens shape muscle __|_ ligaments Tens A. | contracts loose Tess. more convex B. | contracts loose more | more convex Cc. | relaxes fight more less convex D. relaxes tight less less convex23. The graphs show the concentrations of glucose and insulin in the blood of a healthy person. Which graph shows the changes expected after a meal containing starch? oy — ducose === insur cconcertrasen In Blood ‘concentration in blood 0 time after eatng moa! 24. The diagram shows a fetus in the uterus. Which statement is true? A’ The part labelled 1 prevents nicotine and alcohol from diffusing to the fetus. ‘The part labelled 2 spreads pressure evenly around the fetus. ‘The part labelled 3 provides oxygen and nutrients for the fetus. ‘The part labelled 4 holds the fetus in place in the uterus. vom25, New plants may be grown from groups of cells that are taken from other plant parts. The diagram shows part of plant x. A D From which structure will cell samples grow into new plants that are genetically identical to plant X? 26. The diagram shows part of the male urinary and reproductive systems in side view. What is transported in the tubes labelled 1, 2,3 and 47 1 2 3 4 A. | sperm only | sperm and urine only urine only pe urine _ B. | spermand | urine only sperm and sperm only urine urine C. | urine only ‘sperm and ‘sperm only urine only urine D. | urine only | urine only sperm and sperm only urine27. Which of the following correctly describes pollen grains and sperms? 28. They are motile. They can fertilize the egg and produce the zygote. They only contain the male nucleus. They both carry the Y chromosome. vam> In which of the following parts of a flowering plant would meiosis take place? A Anthers B_ Germinating seed C Pollen tube D Stigma 29. An alternate form of a gene is known as. A. genotype B avariant C phenotype D_analielo 30. Which of the following is not an example of continuous variation? 31. gomn> A Height B Skin colour C Intelligence D Colour-blindness Which structure is most responsible for maintaining cell homeostasis? Cell wall Cytoplasm Mitochondria Plasma membraneFor questions 32 and 33, refer to the case study below. ‘Snuppy was the first dog to be cloned. He was cloned by a team of scientists in South Korea. The diagram shows how Snuppy was cloned using a nucleus extracted from Afghan. Afghan enucleated donor eggests nucleus containing RNA TUCIEUS surrogate cloned. puppy inserted carrying ‘Snuppy formed embrc Oyo developed Aighan 32. The nucleus used to make Snuppy was from __ A. Afghan’s sperm cell B_ the puppy's stem cell C_ the Afghan’s skin cell D_ the donor egg cell33. 34, 35. Which statement is true of the case study on Snuppy? A Snuppy is genetically identical to the surrogate mother. 8 Shuppy is genetically identical to the donor of the enucleated cell. C — Suppy is genetically identical to the Afghan. D__ Snuppy is not genetically identical to the Afghan or the surrogate mother. Which of the following features is always true about the trophic levels of an ecosystem? The higher the trophic level, the more the energy they need. The higher the trophic level, the bigger the size of the organisms. The lower the trophic level, the bigger the number of organisms. Com» The lower the trophic level, the more the biomass. The following shows four types of pollutants. S. Domestic waste T. Agriculture waste U. Industry wasie V. Oil spill Which of the above pollutants contribute to water pollution? A TandUonly BS, Uand Vonly CT, Uand Vonly D S,T,Uandv36. Which of the following steps can reduce the problem of pollution? Recycling paper, aluminium tins and glasswares. Using unleaded petrol Producing charcoal as @ source of fuel Destroying pests by using pesticides. fay A 1and2 only B 2and4 only © 1,2and 3 only D 1,3and 4 only 37. Two food chains are shown below. Which diagram is a pyramid of energy representing both food chains? tree —+ aphid —» insectvorous bird — bird of prey phytoplankton —> zooplankton —> plankton feeding fish —> camivorous fish A trophic level B trophic level ‘ i 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 c trophic level D trophic level a 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 Oo 1 38. The following are effects of euthrophication except excessive algae growth that prevents light penetration organic fertilizers being introduced through run — offs from farms high rate of reproduction of microorganisms oxygen is used up rapidly goma>98. The Earth would be capable of sustaining the world human population if farmland was used to, grow vegetable and cereal crops only. Why can vegetable and cereal crops feed more people than farming cattle for beef? Cattle needs more room than plants to grow. Cattle needs to use some energy to keep them warm. Plants take more time to grow than cattle. Plants can be genetically modified but cattle cannot. vaom> 40. Crops can be genetically modified to contain vitamins, A concern about this is that genetically modified crops _ eed special conditions in which to grow will be more easily destroyed by pests may have a detrimental effect on the food chain have little or no benefit to humans or animals 9QOm> 18Paya Lebar Methodist Girls’ School (Secondary) Preliminary Examination Two 2012 Secondary 4 Express Subject: Pure Biology (SPA) Duration: thr 45 min Paper Number: 5094 Paper 2 Class: 4A1/4A3 Name: Date: 28 August 2012 Centre Number Index Number _ a a [ [ READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. ‘Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A ‘Answer all questions ‘Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper. Section B ‘Answer all three questions, the last question is in the form either/or. ‘Write your answers on the lined paper provided and, if necessary, continue on separate answer papor. At the end of the examination, submit Section A and Section B separately. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question Indicate the questions you have answered in Section B in the box below. For Examiner’s Use Section A [50m] ] Section B [30m| | Q - | | a Q Q E/O TOTAL [80m] _ This document consists of 26 printed pages.4 fa) (>) Section A ‘Answer all questions in this section, Write your answers in the spaces provided. Fig 1.1 shows part of a transverse section through a mammatian ileum, Cc Finoeytie @ 0 BD ‘Drawng ofelecionmieragraph par orstucture 8 Fig 11 Label structures A to D. [2m] A = B: eee c: D: — With reference to structures A to D, describe any two features shown in the diagram above and explain how they enable the ileum to carry out its function of ‘absorption. [2m(©) @ Fig 1.2 shows an experiment to investigate the uptake of glucose by the villi. ‘Two leak-proof bags were set up. One bag was made from artificial partially permeable membrane (Visking tubing). The other bag was made from a piece of small intestine containing living calls, with its inner surface inside the bag ‘The bags were filed with equal volumes of a dilute glucose solution. ‘The bags were suspended in the same glucose solution for two hours. A’ter two hours, the volumes of the bags were measured and the contents were tested for the concentration of glucose. glass rod to support bags beaker dilute glucose solution inside: bags dilute glucose solution maintained at 37°C 10cm length of arti partially permeable mombrane (Visking tubing) 40 am length of small intestine conta living cells Fig 1.2 Inside the bag made from small intestine the volume and concentration of the glucose solution decreased. There wore no changes to the volume and concentration in the Visking tubing bag. in the glucose State and explain the process responsible for the deere ‘concentration in the bag made from small intestine. em]) ‘Aiter 2 hours there was lesser water in the bag made from the small intestine. Tho volume of water in the bag made from the small intestine decreased, but the volume in the bag made from Visking tubing did not change. Explain why. [2m] [Total: 8m] Fig 2.1 shows part of a transverse section of a leaf. Fig 2.1(2) _ Identify structure Q and describe how itis adapted to transport water. [2m] Structure @: (b) Water vapour formed in the leaf is eventually lost to the environment. Clearly outline the pathway of water out of the loaf to R by drawing arrows on the diagram. * [im] (©) Fig 2.2 shows a comparison of water vapour loss by a plant growing in damp soil anda plant growing in dry soil 16: #2 ant in damp soi water vapour loss/arbitary units lant in dry soil 08:00 10:00 1200-1400» 16:00 +1800 ~—-20:00 time of day Fig 2.2 :