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Sci20unitc Handouts

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SCIENCE 20

UNIT C TEXTBOOK CD
(HANDOUTS)

Science 20 2006 Alberta Education (www.education.gov.ab.ca). Third-party copyright credits are listed on the attached copyright credit page.

Geological Time Scale


Millions of
Years Ago

Era Period

Epoch

Holocene
Quaternary
Pleistocene

1.7
C
E
N
O
Z
O
I
C

Tertiary

65

140

210

M
E
S
O
Z
O
I
C

Cretaceous

Jurassic

Triassic

250

Permian

290
360
410
440
500

P
A
L
E
O
Z
O
I
C

Carboniferous
Devonian
Silurian
Ordovician

Cambrian

590

2500

P
R
E
C
A
M
B
R
I
A
N

4000
4500

Unit C: Handouts

Geological Time Scale

Carbon Dioxide (ppm)

Unit C: Handouts

170.0

190.0

210.0

230.0

250.0

270.0

290.0

310.0

160

Maximum
140

100

80

60

Age of Ice Layer (1000s of years)

120

40

20

temperature
carbon dioxide

Maximum

Temperature and Carbon Dioxide over 160 000 Years

68.0

66.0

64.0

62.0

60.0

58.0

56.0

54.0

52.0

50.0

Science 20 2006 Alberta Education (www.education.gov.ab.ca). Third-party copyright credits are listed on the attached copyright credit page.

Average Temperature (C)

Temperature and Carbon Dioxide over 160 000 Years

First hard-shelled organisms


(540 million years ago)

Snowball Earth
(nearly all of Earth covered in ice)
(800 million years ago)
First fishes
(500 million years ago)
Dinosaur extinction
(65 million years ago)
Supercontinent tears apart
(200 million years ago)
Earths crust forms
(3800 million years ago)

First land animals


(370 million years ago)

Homo Habilis
(one of the first human-like species)
(2.5 million years ago)

First birds
(150 million years ago)

First woolly mammoths


(4 million years ago)

First photosynthetic organisms


(3500 million years ago)

Planet Earth forms


(4500 million years ago)

First living cells


(3800 million years ago)

First grasses
(450 million years ago)

Last ice age


(18 000 years ago)

First flowering plants


(140 million years ago)

First dinosaurs
(210 million years ago)

First mammals
(150 million years ago)

Significant Events in Earths History

Science 20 2006 Alberta Education (www.education.gov.ab.ca). Third-party copyright credits are listed on the attached copyright credit page.

Unit C: Handouts

Significant Events in Earths History

Science 20 2006 Alberta Education (www.education.gov.ab.ca). Third-party copyright credits are listed on the attached copyright credit page.

Fossilization of Shark Teeth

A shark living in an ancient ocean sheds


its teeth.

The teeth sink to the bottom of the ocean


and are buried in fluid sediment.

Over time, the sediment hardens and


becomes sedimentary rock.

Over time, more and more layers are


deposited and the sea level drops or the
layers are lifted to become dry land.

Erosion creates an outcropping, exposing


part of the fossil.

The site is excavated to expose the fossils.

Unit C: Handouts

Fossilization of Shark Teeth

eurypterid

horn coral

trilobite

brachiopod

trilobite

crinoid

eurypterid

brachiopod

eurypterid

placoderm

horn coral

graptolite

trilobite

pelecypod

Foraminifera

ammonite

gastropod

Foraminifera

crinoid

pelecypod

pelecypod

Foraminifera

sharks tooth

icthyosaur

crinoid

gastropod

Eight Fossil Cards

Science 20 2006 Alberta Education (www.education.gov.ab.ca). Third-party copyright credits are listed on the attached copyright credit page.

Unit C: Handouts

Eight Fossil Cards

Radioactivity (%)

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Number of Half-Lives
3

Radioactive Decay

8
Science 20 2006 Alberta Education (www.education.gov.ab.ca). Third-party copyright credits are listed on the attached copyright credit page.

Radioactive Decay

Unit C: Handouts

brachiopod

trilobite

graptolite

eurypterid

horn coral

placoderm

crinoid

gastropod Foraminifera ammonite

Assembled Stratigraphic Sequence

pelecypod sharks tooth

icthyosaur

Science 20 2006 Alberta Education (www.education.gov.ab.ca). Third-party copyright credits are listed on the attached copyright credit page.

Unit C: Handouts

Assembled Stratigraphic Sequence

World Map
Science 20 2006 Alberta Education (www.education.gov.ab.ca). Third-party copyright credits are listed on the attached copyright credit page.

World Map

Unit C: Handouts

70

60

50

40

30

Percentage of Parent Material Remaining (%)

100

90

80

Science 20 2006 Alberta Education (www.education.gov.ab.ca). Third-party copyright credits are listed on the attached copyright credit page.

Radioactive Decay Curve

20

10

Radioactive Decay Curve

Unit C: Handouts

Number of Half-Lives Elapsed

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