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Parts and Function of Plant Cell

The document summarizes the parts and functions of plant cells. It describes the key organelles of plant cells including the cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuoles, mitochondria, and nucleus. The cell wall provides structure and protection, while chloroplasts are where photosynthesis occurs. Vacuoles function in storage and chloroplasts and mitochondria generate energy for the cell. The nucleus contains most of the cell's genetic material and directs its activities.

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Amy A. Ognayon
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174 views3 pages

Parts and Function of Plant Cell

The document summarizes the parts and functions of plant cells. It describes the key organelles of plant cells including the cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuoles, mitochondria, and nucleus. The cell wall provides structure and protection, while chloroplasts are where photosynthesis occurs. Vacuoles function in storage and chloroplasts and mitochondria generate energy for the cell. The nucleus contains most of the cell's genetic material and directs its activities.

Uploaded by

Amy A. Ognayon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Abuan, Michaila Gwen T.

PD2 CCB
PARTS AND FUNCTION OF PLANT CELL
PARTS
FUNCTIONS
Cell wall
The cell wall is a rigid layer that surrounds the plant cells. It is
made up of cellulose. Cell wall is a characteristic feature to
cells of plants. Plant cell walls are primarily made up of
cellulose. Plant cell wall consists of three layers: the primary
cell wall, secondary cell wall and the middle lamella. It is
located outside the cell membrane whose main function is to
provide rigidity, strength, protection against mechanical stress
and infection. Cell wall is made up of cellulose,
pectins,glycoproteins, hemicellulose and lignin.
Cell membrane
It is the outer boundary of the cell; it encloses the cytoplasm
and the organelles of the cells. In plants cells it is inside the cell
wall. The cell membrane is semi permeable, allowing only
specific substances to pass through and blocking others.
Chloroplasts

It is an elongated or disc-shaped organelle containing


chlorophyll. They have two membranes and have structures that
look like stack of coins. They are flattened structures which
contain chemical chlorophyll. The process of photosynthesis
occurs in this region of the plant cell. The chlorophyll is a green
pigment that absorbs energy from sunlight to make food for the
plants by converting light energy into chemical energy.

Cytoskeleton

It is a network of fibers made up of micro-tubule and microfilament. They maintain the shape and gives support to the cell.

Microtubules

They are hollow cylinder like structures found in the cytoplasm


of the cells. Its function is transport and structural support.

Microfilaments

Microfialments are solid rod like structures whose primary


function is structural support.

Plasmodesmata

They are microscopic channels which traverse the cell walls of


plant cells and enables transport and communication between
them.
Vacuoles are known as cells storage center. Plant cells have

Vacuole

Tonoplast

large membrane bound chamber called vacuole. Its main


function is storage. Vacuoles are found in the cytoplasm of most
plant cells. They are membrane bound organelles, they perform
functions of secretion, excretion and storage.
A vacuole that is surrounded by a membrane is called tonoplast.

Plastids

Plastids are storage organelles. They store products like starch


for synthesis of fatty acids and terpenes.

Leucoplast

They are a type of plastid which is non-pigmented.

Chromoplast

They are plastids responsible for pigment synthesis and storage.


They are found in photosynthetic eukaryotic species. They are
found in colored organs of plants like fruits and flowers.

Golgi complex

The Golgi bodies look like the endoplasmic reticulum and are
situated near the nucleus. They are found in almost all
eukaryotic cells. Their main function is to process and package
macromolecules synthesized from other parts of the cell. The
Golgi apparatus is referred to as the cell's packaging center.
Ribosomes are smallest and the most abundant cell organelle.
It comprises of RNA and protein. Ribosomes are sites for
protein synthesis. They are found in all cells because proteins
are necessary for the survival of the cell. The ribososomes are
known as the protein factories of the cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane bound compartment,
which look like flattened sacs lined side by side. It is a large
network of interconnecting membrane tunnels. It is composed
of both rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic
reticulum.
They are responsible for protein translation, and protein
transport to be used in the cell membrane. They also aid in
sequestration of calcium, and production and storage of
glycogen and other macromolecules.

Ribosomes

Endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are surrounded by two membranes. They are


described as the 'power plants' of the cell as they convert
glucose to energy molecules (ATP). They possess their own
hereditary material which helps in self duplication and
multiplication.

Lysosome

Lysosome contains digestive enzymes. They digest excess or


worn out organelles, food particles and any foreign bodies.

Microbody

It is a single membrane bound organelle that comprises of


degradative enzymes

Cytoplasm

It is a gel-like matrix inside enclosed by the cell


membrane. The cytoplasm supports cell organelles and also
prevents the cell from bursting or shrinking.
It is the control center of the cell. It is bound by a double
membrane known as the nuclear envelope. It is a porous
membrane; it allows passage of substances and is a distinctive
characteristic of the eukaryotic cell. Most of the genetic
material is organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules.
The nucleus directs all the activities of the cell and also helps in
protein formation.

Nucleus

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