Scribd
Upload
68 views6 pages

Exam1f13 Solution PDF

This document provides solutions to exam problems involving calculus concepts like limits, derivatives, integrals, and optimization. The problems cover topics like limits of rational functions, vertical asymptotes, continuity of piecewise functions, derivatives of trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential and composite functions, related rates, mean value theorem, optimization, and integration techniques.

Uploaded by

Ade Rahma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
68 views6 pages

Exam1f13 Solution PDF

This document provides solutions to exam problems involving calculus concepts like limits, derivatives, integrals, and optimization. The problems cover topics like limits of rational functions, vertical asymptotes, continuity of piecewise functions, derivatives of trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential and composite functions, related rates, mean value theorem, optimization, and integration techniques.

Uploaded by

Ade Rahma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

SOLUTIONS TO EXAM 1, MATH 10550

1. Compute
lim

x1

x2

x2 1
.
+ 2x + 1

Answer: .
Solution:

lim

x1

x2 1
x2 +2x+1

= lim

x1

(x1)(x+1)
(x+1)(x+1)

= lim

x1

2. All the vertical asymptotes of the function f (x) =


Answer: x = 0 and x = 3

x1
x+1

= .

x2 1
are at
x3 9x

g(x)
where g(x) = x2 1 and h(x) = x3 9x. Since f (x) is a
h(x)
rational function, its vertical asymptotes are among those lines x = a where a R satisfies h(a) = 0. Since h(x) = x3 9x = x(x2 9) = x(x 3)(x + 3), we have a = 0, 3, 3.
Finally, we must check that for each a {0, 3, 3}, one of the one-sided limits lim f (x)

Solution: Write f (x) =

xa

or lim f (x) is . For a = 0, lim f (x) = +. For a = 3, lim f (x) = +. For


xa+

a = 3,

x0+

x3+

lim f (x) = +. Thus the asymptotes of f (x) are the lines x = 0, x = 3,

x3+

and x = 3.
3. For what value a is the function f given by
( 2
f (x) =

9+x 3
x2

x 6= 0
x=0

continuous everywhere?
1
Answer:
6
Solution: For f (x) to be continuous at x = 0, we must choose a so that:

9 + x2 3
lim f (x) = lim
= f (0) = a.
x0
x0
x2
So we have

9 + x2 3
( 9 + x2 3) ( 9 + x2 + 3)
9 + x2 9

a = lim
=
lim
=
lim
=
x0
x0
x2
x2
( 9 + x2 + 3) x0 x2 ( 9 + x2 + 3)
x2
1
1
1

lim
= lim
=
= .
2
2
2
x0 ( 9 + x + 3)
x0 x ( 9 + x + 3)
6
9+3

SOLUTIONS TO EXAM 1

4. Find f 0 (2) if

16
.
f (x) = 4 x + 2
x+2

Answer: 2
Solution: First write f (x) as a rational function:

4(x + 2) 16
4x 8
16

f (x) = 4 x + 2
=
=
.
x+2
x+2
x+2
Using the Quotient Rule, we have the formula

4( x + 2) 24x8
x+2
0
f (x) =
.
x+2
Evaluating at x = 2 yields

4 4 428
420
4
=
= 2.
f 0 (2) =
2+2
4

5. Find the equation of the tangent line to the curve y = 6 x + 2 at x = 9.


Answer: y = x + 11
Solution: y 0 =
y 0 at x = 9:

6
3
= . To find the slope m of the tangent line, we evaluate
2 x
x

3
m = = 1.
9
When x = 9, y = 20, so to find the tangent line, we use the point-slope formula with
slope m = 1 and point (9, 20):
y 20 = 1(x 9), or y = x + 11.
6. Find the derivative of f (x) = (3 + x3 )2/3 .
Answer: 2x2 (3 + x3 )1/3
Solution: We apply chain rule with g(x) = x2/3 , h(x) = (3 + x3 ). So f (x) = g(h(x)),
and it follows that
f 0 (x) = g 0 (h(x)) h0 (x)
2
= (3 + x3 )1/3 3x2
3
= 2x2 (3 + x3 )1/3 .

SOLUTIONS TO EXAM 1

7. Compute the derivative of


x2 + cos x
.
x + cos2 x
(2x sin x)(x + cos2 x) (1 2 sin x cos x)(x2 + cos x)
Answer:
(x + cos2 x)2
f (x) =

g(x)
, where g(x) = x2 + cos x and h(x) =
Solution: Using quotient rule with f (x) = h(x)
x + cos2 x, we obtain
h(x)g 0 (x) g(x)h0 (x)
f 0 (x) =
[h(x)]2
(x + cos2 x)(2x sin x) (x2 + cos x)(1 2 cos x sin x)
=
.
(x + cos2 x)2

8. If f (x) = cos(x2 ), find f 00 (x).


Answer: f 00 (x) = 2 sin(x2 ) 4x2 cos(x2 )
Solution: We apply the chain rule to obtain the first derivative:
f 0 (x) = sin(x2 ) 2x
= 2x sin(x2 ).
Next, we differentiate the first derivative to obtain f 00 (x):
d  0 
f (x)
f 00 (x) =
dx

d 
=
2x sin(x2 )
dx

d
d 
=
[2x] (sin(x2 )) + (2x)
sin(x2 )
dx
dx 

d
[x2 ]
= 2 sin(x2 ) 2x cos(x2 )
dx
= 2 sin(x2 ) 2x cos(x2 ) 2x
= 2 sin(x2 ) 4x2 cos(x2 ).

(Product Rule)
(Chain Rule)

SOLUTIONS TO EXAM 1

9. Compute
sin(4x)
.
x0 tan(9x)
lim

Answer:

4
9
sin

Solution: We note that lim0


lim

x0

= 1 and evaluate the limit as follows:

sin(4x)
sin(4x)
= lim
tan(9x) x0 sin(9x)
cos(9x)

= lim

x0

sin(4x)
4x cos(9x)
x0
9 6 x sin(9x)
9x
sin(4x)
4 4x cos(9x)
lim
x0
9 sin(9x)
9x
sin(4x)
4 limx0 4x limx0 cos(9x)
9 limx0 sin(9x)
9x

= lim

sin(4x) cos(9x)
sin(9x)
46x

411
91
4
= .
9

10. The graph of the function f (x) is shown below:


10

-4

-2

-5

-10

Which of the following gives the graph of f 0 (x)?


15

10

-4

-2

-5

Answer:

Solution: The function f (x) is increasing on the following (approximate) intervals:


(, 3.6), (1, 1), and (3.6, ). The graph of f 0 (x) must be positive on these intervals. The function f (x) is decreasing on the intervals (3.6, 1) and (1, 3.6). This means
that f 0 (x) must be negative on these intervals. f 0 (x) is zero when x = 3.6, 1, 1, 3.6.

SOLUTIONS TO EXAM 1

The above graph satisfies these requirements. Estimating slopes of tangent lines gives
us f 0 (4) 5, f 0 (2) 7, f (0) 5, f (2) 8 and f (4) 6 which also agrees with
the given graph. Note that the requirement that f (x) is increasing on the interval
(, 3.6) eliminates 3 of the 4 graphs.
11. Show that there are at least two solutions of the equation
x4 = 6x 1.
Be sure to check the hypotheses of any theorem you might use.
Solution: We must show that the equation
x4 6x + 1 = 0
has two solutions. Let f (x) = x4 6x + 1. Since f is a polynomial, f is continuous
everywhere, so we may use the Intermediate Value Theorem.
First, f (0) = 1 and f (1) = 4, so since f (0) > 0 > f (1), we conclude by the Intermediate
Value Theorem that f has at least one zero in the interval (0, 1).
Similarly, since f (1) = 4 < 0 and f (2) = 5 > 0, we conclude by the Intermediate Value
Theorem that f has at least one zero in the interval (1, 2).
Finally, since the intervals (0, 1) and (1, 2) are disjoint, f has at least two zeros.
12. Find the derivative of
y=

1
x+1

using the definition of the derivative.


Solution:
0

y = lim

1
x+h+1

1
x+1

x+1 x+h1
= lim

h0 h( x + h + 1)( x + 1)

( x x + h)
( x + x + h)

= lim

h0 h( x + h + 1)( x + 1) ( x + x + h)
x (x + h)

= lim

h0 h( x + h + 1)( x + 1)( x + x + h)
h

= lim

h0 h( x + h + 1)( x + 1)( x + x + h)
1

= lim

h0 ( x + h + 1)( x + 1)( x + x + h)
1

=
( x + 1)( x + 1)( x + x)
1
=
.
2 x( x + 1)2
h0

SOLUTIONS TO EXAM 1

13. At what point(s) on the ellipse 3x2 +y 2 = 21 is the tangent line at that point parallel
to the straight line y = 2x + 6?
dy
Solution: We first use implicit differentiation to find dx
. Differentiating both sides with
respect to x, we obtain

d
d
3x2 + y 2 =
(21) .
dx
dx
Using the product rule on the left-hand side, we get
dy
6x + 2y
= 0.
dx
dy
:
We solve for dx

dy
=0
dx
dy
= 6x
2y
dx
dy
3x

= .
dx
y
The tangent line to the ellipse is parallel to the straight line y = 2x + 6 whenever it
dy
dy
= 2. Setting dx
= 3x
has slope 2, or, equivalently, when dx
y = 2, we obtain the
3x
relation 3x = 2y, which reduces to y = 2 . So we need to find all points on the ellipse
3x
where y = 3x
2 . Substituting 2 for y into the equation for the ellipse, we obtain
6x + 2y

3x2 +

9x2
= 21
4
21x2

= 21
4
x2 = 4
x = 2

Since y = 3x
2 , the two points at which the tangent line to the curve has slope 2 are
(2, 3) and (2, 3).

You might also like