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3:4:5 Methods

This document describes different methods for setting out construction sites, including the 3:4:5 method and using a theodolite. It explains that the 3:4:5 method uses Pythagoras' theorem to measure 90 degree angles and a measuring tape to mark distances, but is less accurate than a theodolite. A theodolite is needed for irregular sites and ensuring horizontal distances are correct. It also provides steps for fixing permanent pegs at the site, which involves using a theodolite to measure angles and distances to the required location and then marking the peg. Finally, it notes that for footings, grid lines are first marked, then permanent pegs are established before marking the footing

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Malith De Silva
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3K views2 pages

3:4:5 Methods

This document describes different methods for setting out construction sites, including the 3:4:5 method and using a theodolite. It explains that the 3:4:5 method uses Pythagoras' theorem to measure 90 degree angles and a measuring tape to mark distances, but is less accurate than a theodolite. A theodolite is needed for irregular sites and ensuring horizontal distances are correct. It also provides steps for fixing permanent pegs at the site, which involves using a theodolite to measure angles and distances to the required location and then marking the peg. Finally, it notes that for footings, grid lines are first marked, then permanent pegs are established before marking the footing

Uploaded by

Malith De Silva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3:4:5 methods
As previous method, here we use Pythagoras thermo to take 90 0 angles between X and Y
direction grids. Also used measuring tape to measure distance between grids and marked on named
timber pegs using treads.
Theodolite method is more accurate than 3: 4: 5 methods. Need Theodolite to continue. 3: 4: 5
methods are easier than Theodolite method when using in small sites. The accuracy is good enough to do
normally up to two story houses.
But most of time in the site setting out was done by using theodolite. Due to the
irregular shape of the ground. We cant get the horizontal distances correctly in setting out;
we placed pegs that show centerlines of the structure. In setting out coordinate points are
very important. In the structure for setting out only the grid two pegs gave line of the
structure.

How to Fix Pegs

From a known point we set the TL then target the cross to another known point and set the
horizontal angle to zero. From that we can get 90 0, 180 0, 270 0 or any angle.

If we want to take three meters from the point we get the line looking through TL and hold the
peg and get the horizontal distance approximately and place a wooden 2 x 2 peg.

Then removed the soil surround the peg and place concrete. After that we mark the line on the
peg and mark a cross.

After that we focus the cross hairs of TL to the point on the peg then we measured the angle
distance by using a steel tape.

By multiplying angle into distance we can get the horizontal distance, if the distance is less than
or more than required distance do the above procedures until we get the required distance.

Placed a nail on the point and point the head of the nail by white paint and mark a point on it by
looking through TL.

By doing that above procedure we can do the setting out.

In setting out we placed off line because we have to excavate that required area for
construction .because of that we placed permanent pegs about two or three meters from the
structure.

Setting out for Footing


First of all we marked grid line. Near footing permanent pegs were established. Then according to
the drawing we marked footing. Lime is used for marked footings. After the excavation, levelling
compaction and laying screed concrete marked footing off lines.

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